Simultaneous Estimation of Lesinurad and Allopurinol in the New FDA-Approved Products Using a Greener Normal-Phase HPTLC Method: Greenness Assessment Using the NEMI, Analytical Eco-Score, ChlorTox, and AGREE Methods

Simultaneous quantification of mefenamic acid and paracetamol in fixed-dose combination tablet dosage forms using the green HPTLC method

In this study, a green reversed-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” technique is established and verified for the detection of mefenamic acid (MEF) and paracetamol (PCM) simultaneously in their fixed-dose combination tablets. MEF and PCM were measured simultaneously using a green developing system consisting of ethanol, water, and glacial acetic acid in a 75:23:2 (v/v/v) ternary ratio. Both MEF and PCM were concurrently identified at a wavelength of 235 nm. Three distinct greenness methodologies – analytical eco-scale (AES), chloroform toxicity (ChlorTox), and analytical GREEnness (AGREE) – were used to assess the method’s greenness profile. For both medications, the devised technique was linear in the 25–800 ng·band−1 range. After validation, the devised approach was found to be accurate, precise, sensitive, robust, and environmentally friendly. Each of the greenness tools’ results, including those from AGREE (0.82), ChlorTox (0.82 g), and AES (91), showed that the current approach had a noticeably greener profile. Using the current method, it was determined that the MEF and PCM levels in commercial fixed-dose combination tablet brands A and B were within the 100 ± 2% limit. The results of investigation showed that MEF and PCM in commercial combination tablets could be reliably analyzed using the recommended method.

Green stability-indicating RP-HPTLC technique for determining croconazole hydrochloride

The objective of the proposed investigation is the development and validation of a green stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method to determine croconazole hydrochloride (CCZ). The developing system used was an 80:20 v/v mixture of acetone and water. The measurement of CCZ was done at 198 nm. With the use of the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), ChlorTox, and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tools, greenness was evaluated. The linearity was demonstrated by the present method in the 25–1,200 ng/band range. The present approach was additionally reliable, accurate, sensitive, precise, and green. An exceptional greenness profile was demonstrated by the AES, total ChlorTox, and AGREE scales, which were determined to be 89, 1.08 g, and 0.82, respectively. The greenness metrics of the present method were much better than the reported high-performance liquid chromatography approach. Under acid and oxidative degradation circumstances, CCZ was shown to be unstable, while under alkaline and thermal-stress settings, it was sufficiently stable. Furthermore, the stability-indicating component determined by analytical method identified CCZ in the presence of its degradation products. Commercial CCZ cream was found to contain 0.98% w/w of CCZ. The investigation’s results suggested that CCZ in commercially available creams might be regularly examined with the help of the recommended green technology.

A fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the standardization and quantitative determination of chlorhexidine acetate in commercial products

The goal of the proposed work was to create and verify a fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to quantify chlorhexidine acetate (CHDA) in commercial products. The developed method was validated for numerous validation metrics and greenness. The greener mobile phase was made up of a ternary mixture of ethanol, water, and glacial acetic acid (50:49:1 v/v/v). CHDA was detected at a wavelength of 265 nm. The developed HPLC method showed a coefficient of determination of 0.9981 and was linear in the 1–100 µg/mL range. In addition, the developed method for CHDA analysis was rapid, accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive. The outstanding greenness profile was indicated by the derived values of the Analytical Eco-Scale, ChlorTox, and AGREE scales for the current approach, which are 89, 0.74 g, and 0.77, respectively. With its breakdown products present, the proposed analytical approach was still able to identify CHDA, demonstrating its selectivity- and stability-indicating qualities. Two distinct commercial products, A and B, were found to contain 1.96 and 2.05% w/v of CHDA, respectively. These results revealed that CHDA in commercially accessible products can be routinely standardized and quantified using the proposed HPLC approach.

Simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat in commercial fixed-dose combinations using a greener normal-phase HPTLC method

So far, no documented method for simultaneously analyzing lesinurad (LND) and febuxostat (FBX) has been reported for either traditional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) or a green HPTLC technique. In order to determine LND and FBX simultaneously in commercially available fixed-dose combo tablets, this study devised a normal-phase HPTLC method that is fast, sensitive, and green. The green eluents for the simultaneous analysis of LND and FBX were a mixture of ethyl acetate:ethanol:water at 70:20:10 (v/v/v) ratio. The new approach’s greenness was predicted utilizing four distinct greenness tools: the National Environmental Method Index, Analytical Eco-Scale, ChlorTox, and Analytical GREENness approaches, and the results revealed a significantly greener profile. The current method operated on a linear scale between 30 and 1,000 ng·band−1. It was confirmed that the current approach is sensitive, accurate, precise, robust, and green. The LND and FBX contents of commercially available tablet products A and B were found to be within the range of 100 ± 2%, indicating that the existing methodology for simultaneously determining LND and FBX in pharmaceutical combination products is applicable. The results of the current methodology indicated that LND and FBX could be consistently measured in pharmaceutical combination products simultaneously using the current approach.

Bioactive Formulation and Bulk Allopurinol and Lycopene Estimation by UV Spectroscopy

BACKGROUND

This study developed a UV spectrophotometric method for quantifying allopurinol and lycopene in both bulk and dosage forms, aiming for simplicity and practicality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The method was developed and validated using methanol and lycopene in phosphate buffer saline at various pH levels (7.4, 6.8, 1.2, 5.5). Validation parameters included linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) according to ICH standards.

RESULTS

The method demonstrated high sensitivity and linearity over a concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml, adhering to Beer's law. The LOQ and LOD were 2-18 μg/ml and 2-6 μg/ml, respectively. Optimal absorbance wavelengths were 251 nm for lycopene and 471 nm for allopurinol. Calibration curves showed a high correlation coefficient (0.9994), indicating a strong linear relationship.

CONCLUSION

The developed UV spectrophotometric method is effective, interference-free, and suitable for routine quality control, providing reliable measurements for allopurinol and lycopene.