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Zhang Z, Li Z, Shi Y, Chen Y. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Emerging Nanocarriers: Material Design and Biomedical Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7286-7299. [PMID: 38535519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As a unique unimolecular nanoobject, molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) have attracted great interest from researchers in nanocarriers attributed to their defined structure, size, and shape. MBBs with various architectures have been proposed and constructed with well-defined domains for loading "cargos", including core, shell, and periphery functional groups. Compared with nanomaterials based on self-assembly, MBBs have lots of advantages, including facile synthesis, flexible compositions, favorable stability, and tunable size and shape, that make them a promising nanoplatform for various applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress during the past decade, with a focus on developments within the last five years in the synthesis of MBBs with different architectures, and uses them as nanocarriers in drug delivery, biological imaging, and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Pratihar S, Bhagavath KK, Govindaraju T. Small molecules and conjugates as theranostic agents. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:826-849. [PMID: 37920393 PMCID: PMC10619134 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnostics into a single entity for the purpose of monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Diagnostics involves identifying specific characteristics of a disease, while therapeutics refers to the treatment of the disease based on this identification. Advancements in medicinal chemistry and technology have led to the development of drug modalities that provide targeted therapeutic effects while also providing real-time updates on disease progression and treatment. The inclusion of imaging in therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of devastating diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Currently, theranostic treatment approaches are based on nuclear medicine, while nanomedicine and a wide diversity of macromolecular systems such as gels, polymers, aptamers, and dendrimer-based agents are being developed for the purpose. Theranostic agents have significant roles to play in both early-stage drug development and clinical-stage therapeutic-containing drug candidates. This review will briefly outline the pros and cons of existing and evolving theranostic approaches before comprehensively discussing the role of small molecules and their conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Pratihar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Krithi K Bhagavath
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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3
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Non-spherical Polymeric Nanocarriers for Therapeutics: The Effect of Shape on Biological Systems and Drug Delivery Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010032. [PMID: 36678661 PMCID: PMC9865764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the importance of particle shape in the design of polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery systems, along with their size, surface chemistry, density, and rigidity. Current manufacturing methods used to obtain non-spherical polymeric nanocarriers such as filomicelles or nanoworms, nanorods and nanodisks, are firstly described. Then, their interactions with biological barriers are presented, including how shape affects nanoparticle clearance, their biodistribution and targeting. Finally, their drug delivery properties and their therapeutic efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo, are discussed and compared with the characteristics of their spherical counterparts.
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4
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Advances in Polymeric Colloids for Cancer Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245445. [PMID: 36559812 PMCID: PMC9788371 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer colloids have remarkable features and are gaining importance in many areas of research including medicinal science. Presently, the innovation of cancer drugs is at the top in the world. Polymer colloids have been used as drug delivery and diagnosis agents in cancer treatment. The polymer colloids may be of different types such as micelles, liposomes, emulsions, cationic carriers, and hydrogels. The current article describes the state-of-the-art polymer colloids for the treatment of cancer. The contents of this article are about the role of polymeric nanomaterials with special emphasis on the different types of colloidal materials and their applications in targeted cancer therapy including cancer diagnoses. In addition, attempts are made to discuss future perspectives. This article will be useful for academics, researchers, and regulatory authorities.
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Liu F, Wang D, Wang J, Ma L, Yu C, Wei H. Construction of Enzyme-Responsive Micelles Based on Theranostic Zwitterionic Conjugated Bottlebrush Copolymers with Brush-on-Brush Architecture for Cell Imaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093016. [PMID: 35566368 PMCID: PMC9101325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottlebrush copolymers with different chemical structures and compositions as well as diverse architectures represent an important kind of material for various applications, such as biomedical devices. To our knowledge, zwitterionic conjugated bottlebrush copolymers integrating fluorescence imaging and tumor microenvironment-specific responsiveness for efficient intracellular drug release have been rarely reported, likely because of the lack of an efficient synthetic approach. For this purpose, in this study, we reported the successful preparation of well-defined theranostic zwitterionic bottlebrush copolymers with unique brush-on-brush architecture. Specifically, the bottlebrush copolymers were composed of a fluorescent backbone of polyfluorene derivate (PFONPN) possessing the fluorescence resonance energy transfer with doxorubicin (DOX), primary brushes of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and secondary graft brushes of an enzyme-degradable polytyrosine (PTyr) block as well as a zwitterionic poly(oligo (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(OEGMA-co-SBMA)) chain with super hydrophilicity and highly antifouling ability via elegant integration of Suzuki coupling, NCA ROP and ATRP techniques. Notably, the resulting bottlebrush copolymer, PFONPN9-g-(PHEMA15-g-(PTyr16-b-P(OEGMA6-co-SBMA6)2)) (P2) with a lower MW ratio of the hydrophobic side chains of PTyr and hydrophilic side chains of P(OEGMA-co-SBMA) could self-assemble into stabilized unimolecular micelles in an aqueous phase. The resulting unimolecular micelles showed a fluorescence quantum yield of 3.9% that is mainly affected by the pendant phenol groups of PTyr side chains and a drug-loading content (DLC) of approximately 15.4% and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 90.6% for DOX, higher than the other micelle analogs, because of the efficient supramolecular interactions of π–π stacking between the PTyr blocks and drug molecules, as well as the moderate hydrophilic chain length. The fluorescence of the PFONPN backbone enables fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with DOX and visualization of intracellular trafficking of the theranostic micelles. Most importantly, the drug-loaded micelles showed accelerated drug release in the presence of proteinase K because of the enzyme-triggered degradation of PTyr blocks and subsequent deshielding of P(OEGMA-co-SBMA) corona for micelle destruction. Taken together, we developed an efficient approach for the synthesis of enzyme-responsive theranostic zwitterionic conjugated bottlebrush copolymers with a brush-on-brush architecture, and the resulting theranostic micelles with high DLC and tumor microenvironment-specific responsiveness represent a novel nanoplatform for simultaneous cell image and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Dun Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (D.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (D.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Cuiyun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (D.W.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (L.M.)
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (D.W.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (H.W.)
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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7
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Dual stimuli-responsive dendronized prodrug derived from poly(oligo-(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-based copolymers for enhanced anti-cancer therapeutic effect. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:320-332. [PMID: 35235863 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an enzyme- and pH-responsive dendronized poly(oligo-(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pOEGMA)-doxorubicin (DOX) polymeric prodrug, which combined the pOEGMA structure with a degradable peptide dendron. The introduction of the dendron in the prodrug hindered the entanglement of brush oligo-(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains, allowed the prodrug to possess dual stimuli-responsiveness, and mediated self-assembly of the polymeric prodrug to form stable nanoparticles (NPs). Brush conformation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains endowed the NPs with long-term circulation with a half-life of 16.0 h. The dual-responsive dendritic structure enhanced cellular uptake of NPs and facilitated drug release in response to overexpressed cathepsin B and an acidic pH in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in an enhanced therapeutic effect with a tumor inhibition rate of 72.9% for 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The NPs were demonstrated to possess great hemocompatibility and biosafety. Therefore, this strategy could provide great insight for the design of poly(oligo-(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-based copolymers as drug delivery carriers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We propose a dual-stimuli-responsive dendronized strategy for improving the cancer therapeutic effect of the poly(oligo-(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pOEGMA)-based drug conjugates. The introduction of the functional dendron promotes self-assembly of the polymeric prodrug into nanoparticles, hindering the entanglement of brush oligo-(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains in the conjugated drugs. The obtained poly OEGMA-GFLG-Dendron-NH-N=DOX nanoparticles maintains long circulation, while addresses the drug release issue due to the presence of high-density PEG. The drug delivery system exhibits a high therapeutic potentcy with negligible side effects.
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8
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Li L, Zhong L, Tang C, Gan L, Mo T, Na J, He J, Huang Y. CD105: tumor diagnosis, prognostic marker and future tumor therapeutic target. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1447-1458. [PMID: 35165838 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and its therapeutic options are inadequate. The endothelial glycoprotein, also known as CD105, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein located on the surface of the cell membranes and it is one of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor complexes. It regulates the responses associated with binding to transforming growth factor β1 egg (Activin-A), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). Additionally, it is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. This glycoprotein is indispensable in the treatment of tumor angiogenesis, and it also plays a leading role in tumor angiogenesis therapy. Therefore, CD105 is considered to be a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we explored the significance of CD105 in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various tumors, and provided evidence for the effect and mechanism of CD105 on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Mo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintong Na
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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9
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Li J, Liu P. Facile Synthesis of a Redox-Responsive Hyperbranched Polymer Prodrug as a Unimolecular Micelle for the Tumor-Selective Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:411-417. [PMID: 35090123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Demicellization of the self-assembled multimolecular micelles upon dilution restricts their application as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for tumor treatment. Here, a redox-responsive hyperbranched polymer prodrug (HBPP) was designed with a high drug content of 62.0% as a unimolecular micelle for the tumor-selective drug delivery, via the facile self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) of redox-responsive doxorubicin-based prodrug monomer MA-SS-DOX and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) with p-chloromethylstyrene (CMS) as an inimer. The unimolecular micelle could be easily obtained with a hydrodynamic diameter of 122 nm, showing excellent GSH-triggered drug release performance with a cumulative release of 60.9% within 85 h but a low premature drug leakage of 3.2%. The unimolecular micelle exhibited selective tumor growth inhibition on HepG2 cells but no obvious cytotoxicity on L02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Sakamoto Y, Nishimura T. Recent advances in the self-assembly of sparsely grafted amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the self-assembly of sparsely grafted amphiphilic copolymers and highlights the effects of structural factors and solvents on their self-assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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11
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Li Z, Li Z, Hu J, Feng X, Zhang M, Duan G, Zhang R, Li Y. Self-Assembly of Poly(Janus particle)s into Unimolecular and Oligomeric Spherical Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1563-1569. [PMID: 35549135 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using shape-persistent Janus particles to construct poly(Janus particle)s and studying their self-assembly behaviors are of great interest, but remain largely unexplored. In this work, we reported a type of amphiphiles constructed by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of nonspherical molecular Janus particles (APOSS-BPOSS), called poly(Janus particle)s (poly(APOSS-BPOSS)n, n = 12, 17, 22, and 35, and Mn = 35-100 kg/mol). Unlike traditional bottlebrush polymers consisting of flexible side chains, these poly(Janus particles) consist of rigid hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages as side chains. Interestingly, instead of maintaining an expected extended chain conformation, they could also collapse and then self-assemble to form unconventional unimolecular or oligomeric spherical micelles in solutions with a feature size smaller than 7 nm. More importantly, unlike traditional amphiphilic polymer brushes that could form unimolecular micelles at a relatively high degree of polymerization by self-assembly, these poly(Janus particles)s could accomplish self-assembly at a quite low degree of polymerization because of their unique chemical structure and molecular topology. The formation of unimolecular and oligomeric micelles was also further confirmed by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. This study of introducing the POSS-based poly(Janus particle)s as a class of shape amphiphiles will provide a model system for generating unimolecular and oligomeric micellar nanostructures through solution self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zongxin Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junfei Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingwei Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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A disposable gold foil paper-based aptasensor for detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with SERS analysis and magnetic separation technology. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:396. [PMID: 34714421 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in fluids with complex background is an important task for safety quality control in the field of medicine, environment, and food. In this study, a gold foil paper-based aptasensor was developed for the detection of enteropathogenic EPEC O26:K60 with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and magnetic separation technology mediated by Fe3O4@Au composite. The gold foil paper was firstly modified with thiolated capture probe and SERS tag. The thiolated aptamer probe for EPEC was immobilized onto a Fe3O4@Au composite. In the presence of EPEC, highly specific recognition between the aptamer probe and EPEC made the Fe3O4@Au composite partially dissociated from the gold foil paper. This led to a decreased Raman intensity response, which showed an obvious negative linear correlation with increasing concentration of EPEC over a wide concentration range from 10 to 107 CFU/mL under an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. The detection limit was about 2.86 CFU/mL in a buffer solution and a licorice extractum and the detection time was only 2.5 h. The results demonstrate that the gold foil paper-based aptasensor can be an excellent biosensing platform that offers a reliable, rapid, and sensitive alternative for EPEC detection.
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13
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Makino A, Okazawa H, Kiyono Y. Utilization of Antibody Allows Rapid Clearance of Nanoparticle Probes from Blood without the Need of Probe Modifications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21153-21159. [PMID: 34423223 PMCID: PMC8375092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are attracting attention as drug carriers for realizing "theranostics". However, nanoparticles generally show long blood circulation behaviors, and the remaining nanoparticle probe in the blood is the cause of prolonged optimal time from probe injection to imaging. Recently, it has been reported that some nanoparticles activate the immune system, producing an anti-nanoparticle antibody, which can selectively detect the corresponding nanoparticle and transfer it to the liver by opsonization. Lactosome is a polymer micelle prepared from amphiphilic PNMG-block-PLLA polydepsipeptide and known to activate the immune system when administered to mice at a specific concentration. In this study, radioactive fluorine-labeled lactosome (18F-lactosome) is used as a positron emission tomography probe for tumor imaging, and anti-lactosome antibody was additionally administrated after 2 h from the probe dosage. 18F-lactosome remaining in the blood was opsonized by the anti-lactosome antibody and transferred to the liver under the antibody dose-dependent manner. Because of the probe reduction from the blood, the tumor/blood signal intensity ratio could be improved up to 50% by anti-lactosome antibody administration. There needs further improvement, but the developed method is applicable for imaging utilizing nanoparticle probes, which activate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Makino
- Biomedical
Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Life
Science Innovation Center, University of
Fukui, 9-1 Bunkyo-3,
Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Biomedical
Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Life
Science Innovation Center, University of
Fukui, 9-1 Bunkyo-3,
Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kiyono
- Biomedical
Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Life
Science Innovation Center, University of
Fukui, 9-1 Bunkyo-3,
Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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14
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Zare M, Bigham A, Zare M, Luo H, Rezvani Ghomi E, Ramakrishna S. pHEMA: An Overview for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6376. [PMID: 34203608 PMCID: PMC8232190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) as a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility elicits a minimal immunological response from host tissue making it desirable for different biomedical applications. This article seeks to provide an in-depth overview of the properties and biomedical applications of pHEMA for bone tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy (stimuli and non-stimuli responsive systems), and ophthalmic applications (contact lenses and ocular drug delivery). As this polymer has been widely applied in ophthalmic applications, a specific consideration has been devoted to this field. Pure pHEMA does not possess antimicrobial properties and the site where the biomedical device is employed may be susceptible to microbial infections. Therefore, antimicrobial strategies such as the use of silver nanoparticles, antibiotics, and antimicrobial agents can be utilized to protect against infections. Therefore, the antimicrobial strategies besides the drug delivery applications of pHEMA were covered. With continuous research and advancement in science and technology, the outlook of pHEMA is promising as it will most certainly be utilized in more biomedical applications in the near future. The aim of this review was to bring together state-of-the-art research on pHEMA and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zare
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore;
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54—Mostra d’Oltremare pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mohamad Zare
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore;
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15
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Multifunctional polymeric micellar nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112186. [PMID: 34082985 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are a prevalent topic of research for the past decade, especially concerning their fitting ability to deliver drug and diagnostic agents. This delivery system offers outstanding advantages, such as biocompatibility, high loading efficiency, water-solubility, and good stability in biological fluids, to name a few. The multifunctional polymeric micellar architect offers the added capability to adapt its surface to meet the looked-for clinical needs. This review cross-talks the recent reports, proof-of-concept studies, patents, and clinical trials that utilize polymeric micellar family architectures concerning cancer targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, gene therapeutics, and diagnostic agents. The manuscript also expounds on the underlying opportunities, allied challenges, and ways to resolve their bench-to-bedside translation for allied clinical applications.
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16
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Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094804. [PMID: 33946583 PMCID: PMC8124553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: “Endoglin”, “Imaging/Image-guided surgery”. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
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Garcia EA, Luo H, Mack CE, Herrera-Alonso M. Effect of side-chain length on solute encapsulation by amphiphilic heterografted brush copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8871-8876. [PMID: 33026038 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nanomaterials are non-spherical structures that possess unique shape-dependent physicochemical properties and functionalities. Inspired by the abundance of filamentous entities in nature, cylindrical nanostructures have gained significant attention due to their unique performance. Herein, we discuss the effect of side-chain length on the encapsulation properties of amphiphilic heterografted bottlebrushes. We observed that by grafting a long hydrophilic block to the double-brush, we were able to restrict solute-induced conformational changes, thus producing drug-loaded anisotropic carriers. Unimolecular encapsulation in brushes was solute-dependent as shown here for probucol and rose bengal lactone. Stabilization with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer-consisting of the same type of blocks as those comprising the heterografted brush-served to explain the solute-dependent behavior observed for brushes, suggesting that solutes with a higher propensity to nucleation could be more effectively stabilized by the anisotropic carrier in a unimolecular worm-like construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | | | - Courtney E Mack
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Margarita Herrera-Alonso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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18
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Tang HX, Cai YY, Liu CG, Zhang JT, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Sub-micronization of disulfiram and disulfiram-copper complexes by Rapid expansion of supercritical solution toward augmented anticancer effect. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Mi P, Cabral H, Kataoka K. Ligand-Installed Nanocarriers toward Precision Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902604. [PMID: 31353770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of drug-delivery systems that selectively target neoplastic cells has been a major goal of nanomedicine. One major strategy for achieving this milestone is to install ligands on the surface of nanocarriers to enhance delivery to target tissues, as well as to enhance internalization of nanocarriers by target cells, which improves accuracy, efficacy, and ultimately enhances patient outcomes. Herein, recent advances regarding the development of ligand-installed nanocarriers are introduced and the effect of their design on biological performance is discussed. Besides academic achievements, progress on ligand-installed nanocarriers in clinical trials is presented, along with the challenges faced by these formulations. Lastly, the future perspectives of ligand-installed nanocarriers are discussed, with particular emphasis on their potential for emerging precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Ali I, Alsehli M, Scotti L, Tullius Scotti M, Tsai ST, Yu RS, Hsieh MF, Chen JC. Progress in Polymeric Nano-Medicines for Theranostic Cancer Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E598. [PMID: 32155695 PMCID: PMC7182942 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease killing millions of people globally. Among various medical treatments, nano-medicines are gaining importance continuously. Many nanocarriers have been developed for treatment, but polymerically-based ones are acquiring importance due to their targeting capabilities, biodegradability, biocompatibility, capacity for drug loading and long blood circulation time. The present article describes progress in polymeric nano-medicines for theranostic cancer treatment, which includes cancer diagnosis and treatment in a single dosage form. The article covers the applications of natural and synthetic polymers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Efforts were also made to discuss the merits and demerits of such polymers; the status of approved nano-medicines; and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory—Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory—Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Shang-Ting Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Center for Minimally-Invasive Medical Devices and Technologies, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Siang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No.2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Ming Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Center for Minimally-Invasive Medical Devices and Technologies, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
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21
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22
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Ivanov IV, Meleshko TK, Kashina AV, Yakimansky AV. Amphiphilic multicomponent molecular brushes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent molecular brushes containing amphiphilic polymer moieties are promising objects of research of macromolecular chemistry. The development of stimulus-responsive systems sensitive to changes in environmental parameters, based on the molecular brushes, opens up new possibilities for their applications in medicine, biochemistry and microelectronics. The review presents the current understanding of the structures of main types of amphiphilic multicomponent brushes, depending on the chemical nature and type of coupling of the backbone and side chains. The approaches to the controlled synthesis of multicomponent molecular brushes of different architecture are analyzed. Self-assembly processes of multicomponent molecular brushes in selective solvents are considered.
The bibliography includes 259 references.
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23
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Jaymand M. Chemically Modified Natural Polymer-Based Theranostic Nanomedicines: Are They the Golden Gate toward a de Novo Clinical Approach against Cancer? ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:134-166. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
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24
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Lu C, Jiang L, Xu W, Yu F, Xia W, Pan M, Zhou W, Pan X, Wu C, Liu D. Poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked multi-armed poly(ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine)s as super-amphiphiles: Synthesis, self-assembly, and evaluation as efficient delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110384. [PMID: 31357126 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles with high thermodynamic stability and loading capacity are of tremendous significance for their potential applications in drug delivery. In the present study, super-amphiphiles in the form of poly(ethylene glycol)-crosslinked multi-armed polyethylenimine-g-poly(ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine)s (PEZ-alt-PEG) were designed, synthesized, and optimized as nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs. In an aqueous solution, the copolymer PEZ-alt-PEG self-assembled into sub-100-nm spherical shell crosslinked micelles with low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The crosslinked super-amphiphilic structure of PEZ-alt-PEG could not only enhance the thermodynamic stability of polymeric micelles, but it could also significantly improve the loading capacity of hydrophobic drugs, such as curcumin (CUR). CUR-loaded PEZ-alt-PEG micelles could mediate effective drug delivery with sustained and complete CUR release. The use of PEZ-alt-PEG micellar nanocarriers remarkably improved the cellular uptake of CUR and therefore exhibited effective inhibitory activity on the growth of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Compared to free CUR, CUR-loaded polymeric micelles significantly accelerated the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells. Therefore, PEZ-alt-PEG polymeric micelles, with their high thermodynamic stability, high drug-loading capacity, enhanced drug uptake and improved pharmacodynamic effects, could serve as efficient and promising nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wenquan Xia
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
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Xiao Y, Chinoy ZS, Pecastaings G, Bathany K, Garanger E, Lecommandoux S. Design of Polysaccharide-b-Elastin-Like Polypeptide Bioconjugates and Their Thermoresponsive Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:114-125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiao
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Zoeisha S. Chinoy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Allée Geoffroy
Saint Hilaire, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Elisabeth Garanger
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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26
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Huang J, Huang W, Chen Y, Zhang YS, Zhong J, Li Y, Zhou J. Eccentric magnetic microcapsules for MRI-guided local administration and pH-regulated drug release. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41956-41965. [PMID: 35558765 PMCID: PMC9092120 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel class of uniform eccentric magnetic microcapsules based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided local injection and pH-regulated drug release. The microcapsules contained magnetic nanoparticles in their PDMS shells, which allowed them to be easily tracked by MRI during administration. Besides, they showed pH-dependent drug release profiles due to dissolution of the embedded magnetic nanoparticles in acidic solutions. Moreover, by tuning the mass fraction of the magnetic nanoparticles, we could further regulate the release rate of drug molecules from them. As a demonstration, we investigated the delivery of cis-platinum using the microcapsules through an in vitro cell test, which confirmed the pH-controlled release of the drug in phantom tissues. Our study suggests that this type of eccentric magnetic microcapsules could be simultaneously employed as a potential imaging contrast and a smart drug delivery system, holding great potential for guided local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890
| | - Wenwei Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Jinshuang Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890.,Imaging Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China +86 20 39387890 +86 20 39387890
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Ramesh K, Thangagiri B, Mishra AK, Ahn BH, Gal YS, Lim KT. AB2-type miktoarm poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) amphiphilic star block copolymers as nanocarriers for drug delivery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Ordanini S, Cellesi F. Complex Polymeric Architectures Self-Assembling in Unimolecular Micelles: Preparation, Characterization and Drug Nanoencapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E209. [PMID: 30388744 PMCID: PMC6321574 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unimolecular polymeric micelles are a class of single-molecule amphiphilic core-shell polymeric architectures, where the hydrophobic core is well stabilized by the hydrophilic shell, avoiding intermolecular core-core interactions. Multi-arm copolymers with a dendritic core, as well as hyperbranched and comb-like polymers, can form unimolecular micelles easily. In this review, examples of polymers able to form detectable unimolecular micelles will be presented, summarizing the analytical techniques used to characterize the unimolecular micelles and discriminate them from other supramolecular aggregates, such as multi-micelle aggregates. Unimolecular micelles are suitable for the nanoencapsulation of guest molecules. Compared to traditional supramolecular micelles, unimolecular micelles do not disassemble under dilution and are stable to environmental modifications. Recent examples of their application as drug delivery systems, endowed with increased stability and transport properties, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ordanini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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29
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Mendes M, Sousa JJ, Pais A, Vitorino C. Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E181. [PMID: 30304861 PMCID: PMC6321593 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis and rapid recurrence of glioblastoma (GB) are associated to its fast-growing process and invasive nature, which make difficult the complete removal of the cancer infiltrated tissues. Additionally, GB heterogeneity within and between patients demands a patient-focused method of treatment. Thus, the implementation of nanotechnology is an attractive approach considering all anatomic issues of GB, since it will potentially improve brain drug distribution, due to the interaction between the blood⁻brain barrier and nanoparticles (NPs). In recent years, theranostic techniques have also been proposed and regarded as promising. NPs are advantageous for this application, due to their respective size, easy surface modification and versatility to integrate multiple functional components in one system. The design of nanoparticles focused on therapeutic and diagnostic applications has increased exponentially for the treatment of cancer. This dual approach helps to understand the location of the tumor tissue, the biodistribution of nanoparticles, the progress and efficacy of the treatment, and is highly useful for personalized medicine-based therapeutic interventions. To improve theranostic approaches, different active strategies can be used to modulate the surface of the nanotheranostic particle, including surface markers, proteins, drugs or genes, and take advantage of the characteristics of the microenvironment using stimuli responsive triggers. This review focuses on the different strategies to improve the GB treatment, describing some cell surface markers and their ligands, and reports some strategies, and their efficacy, used in the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João José Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Li H, Liu H, Nie T, Chen Y, Wang Z, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Y. Molecular bottlebrush as a unimolecular vehicle with tunable shape for photothermal cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 178:620-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Liu X, Fan X, Jiang L, Loh XJ, Wu YL, Li Z. Biodegradable polyester unimolecular systems as emerging materials for therapeutic applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5488-5498. [PMID: 32254961 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unimolecular micelles, as a class of single-molecular micelles, are structurally stable regardless of their concentrations or alterations of the outer environment such as pH, temperature, ion strength etc. in comparison with conventional polymeric micelles. Polyester unimolecular micelles are extensively applied in bio-medical fields because of their stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural-controllabilty etc. In this review, the most recent developments in polyester unimolecular micelle designs in terms of Boltorn polymer H40 core, cyclodextrin, dendrimer or dendrimer-like polymer, or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based polyester unimolecular micelles are presented. The significance and application in biomedical fields including drug delivery, bio-imaging and theranostics are also classified in this review. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for further development of unimolecular micelles as therapeutic materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China.
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Chen Y, Zhou H, Sun Z, Li H, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Y. Shell of amphiphilic molecular bottlebrush matters as unimolecular micelle. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen G, Wang Y, Xie R, Gong S. A review on core-shell structured unimolecular nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:58-72. [PMID: 30009887 PMCID: PMC6149214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric unimolecular nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting a core-shell structure and formed by a single multi-arm molecule containing only covalent bonds have attracted increasing attention for numerous biomedical applications. This unique single-molecular architecture provides the unimolecular NP with superior stability both in vitro and in vivo, a high drug loading capacity, as well as versatile surface chemistry, thereby making it a desirable nanoplatform for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this review, we surveyed the architecture of various types of polymeric unimolecular NPs, including water-dispersible unimolecular micelles and water-soluble unimolecular NPs used for the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents, respectively, as well as their diverse biomedical applications. Future opportunities and challenges of unimolecular NPs were also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Self-assembly between photoresponsive azobenzene-based dications and thermally sensitive PNIPAM-b-PAA block copolymers in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jin X, Sun P, Tong G, Zhu X. Star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their application in bio-imaging and diagnosis. Biomaterials 2018; 178:738-750. [PMID: 29429845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a novel kind of polymer with covalently linked core-shell structure, star polymers behave in nanostructure in aqueous medium at all concentration range, as unimolecular micelles at high dilution condition and multi-micelle aggregates in other situations. The unique morphologies endow star polymers with excellent stability and functions, making them a promising platform for bio-application. A variety of functions including imaging and therapeutics can be achieved through rational structure design of star polymers, and the existence of plentiful end-groups on shell offers the opportunity for further modification. In the last decades, star polymers have become an attracting platform on fabrication of novel nano-systems for bio-imaging and diagnosis. Focusing on the specific topology and physicochemical properties of star polymers, we have reviewed recent development of star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their bio-application in imaging and diagnosis. The main content of this review summarizes the synthesis of integrated architecture of star polymers and their self-assembly behavior in aqueous medium, focusing especially on the recent advances on their bio-imaging application and diagnosis use. Finally, we conclude with remarks and give some outlooks for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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36
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Ghorbani M, Mahmoodzadeh F, Nezhad-Mokhtari P, Hamishehkar H. A novel polymeric micelle-decorated Fe3O4/Au core–shell nanoparticle for pH and reduction-responsive intracellular co-delivery of doxorubicin and 6-mercaptopurine. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic antitumor activity against MCF-7 cells was confirmed by co-delivery of doxorubicin and 6-mercaptopurine via dual pH/reduction-responsive nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ghorbani
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | | | | | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
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Zhang H, Fang Z. A novel glutathione-triggered theranostic prodrug for anticancer and imaging in living cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11419-11423. [PMID: 35542771 PMCID: PMC9079131 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel theranostic prodrug was designed and synthesized by conjugating a naphthalimide derivative with vitamin D2via a disulfide linker. The prodrug featured a highly selective detection process for glutathione (GSH) and showed a red-shifted fluorescence within 30 min. Notably, it also exhibited antitumor activity similar to vitamin D2 and could be monitored by cellular imaging. A novel glutathione-triggered theranostic prodrug was synthesized by conjugating the naphthalimide chromophore and vitamin D2via a disulfide bond.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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39
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen G, Li Y, Xu W, Gong S. Quantum-Dot-Based Theranostic Micelles Conjugated with an Anti-EGFR Nanobody for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30297-30305. [PMID: 28845963 PMCID: PMC5918284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A quantum-dot (QD)-based micelle conjugated with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanobody (Nb) and loaded with an anticancer drug, aminoflavone (AF), has been engineered for EGFR-overexpressing cancer theranostics. The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of the indium phosphate core/zinc sulfide shell QDs (InP/ZnS QDs) allowed for in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution studies. The anti-EGFR nanobody 7D12 conjugation improved the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the QD-based micelles in EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In comparison with the AF-encapsulated nontargeted (i.e., without Nb conjugation) micelles, the AF-encapsulated Nb-conjugated (i.e., targeted) micelles accumulated in tumors at higher concentrations, leading to more effective tumor regression in an orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, there was no systemic toxicity observed with the treatments. Thus, this QD-based Nb-conjugated micelle may serve as an effective theranostic nanoplatform for EGFR-overexpressing cancers such as TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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40
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Harris MA, Pearce TR, Pengo T, Kuang H, Forster C, Kokkoli E. Aptamer micelles targeting fractalkine-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:85-96. [PMID: 28912042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we hypothesized that the chemokine fractalkine can serve as a cancer molecular target. We engineered aptamer micelles functionalized with an outer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) corona, and investigated the extent and efficacy of using them as a targeting tool against fractalkine-expressing colon adenocarcinoma cells. In vitro cell binding results showed that aptamer micelles bound and internalized to fractalkine-expressing cancer cells with the majority of the micelles found free in the cytoplasm. Minimal surface binding was observed by healthy cells. Even though partial PEGylation did not prevent serum adsorption, micelles were highly resistant to endonuclease and exonuclease degradation. In vivo biodistribution studies and confocal studies demonstrated that even though both aptamer and control micelles showed tumor accumulation, only the aptamer micelles internalized into fractalkine-expressing cancer cells, thus demonstrating the potential of the approach and showing that fractalkine may serve as a specific target for nanoparticle delivery to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy R Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Pengo
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Huihui Kuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen Forster
- BioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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41
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Zhang P, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Rui L, Gao Y, Zhang W. Unimolecular micelles from POSS-based star-shaped block copolymers for photodynamic therapy. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth M. Vijayan
- Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695012 Kerala India
| | - Jayabalalan Muthu
- Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695012 Kerala India
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Pant K, Sedláček O, Nadar RA, Hrubý M, Stephan H. Radiolabelled Polymeric Materials for Imaging and Treatment of Cancer: Quo Vadis? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable blood circulation time and suitable plasma stability, polymer-based nanomaterials hold a great potential for designing and utilising multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient imaging and effective treatment of cancer. When tagged with appropriate radionuclides, they may allow for specific detection (diagnosis) as well as the destruction of tumours (therapy) or even customization of materials, aiming to both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic approach). This review provides an overview of recent developments of radiolabelled polymeric nanomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers) for molecular imaging of cancer, specifically, applying nuclear techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Different approaches to radiolabel polymers are evaluated from the methodical radiochemical point of view. This includes new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) for radiometals as well as novel labelling methods. Special emphasis is given to eligible strategies employed to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in view of efficient targeting. The discussion encompasses promising strategies currently employed as well as emerging possibilities in radionuclide-based cancer therapy. Key issues involved in the clinical translation of radiolabelled polymers and future scopes of this intriguing research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robin A. Nadar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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Chen G, Jaskula-Sztul R, Esquibel CR, Lou I, Zheng Q, Dammalapati A, Harrison A, Eliceiri KW, Tang W, Chen H, Gong S. Neuroendocrine Tumor-Targeted Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Micelles for Simultaneous NIR-Controlled Combination Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy, and Fluorescence Imaging. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1604671. [PMID: 28989337 PMCID: PMC5630134 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are slow growing, they are frequently metastatic at the time of discovery and no longer amenable to curative surgery, emphasizing the need for the development of other treatments. In this study, multifunctional upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based theranostic micelles are developed for NET-targeted and near-infrared (NIR)-controlled combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and bioimaging. The theranostic micelle is formed by individual UCNP functionalized with light-sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers poly(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate)-polyethylene glycol (PNBMA-PEG) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizers. A hydrophobic anticancer drug, AB3, is loaded into the micelles. The NIR-activated UCNPs emit multiple luminescence bands, including UV, 540 nm, and 650 nm. The UV peaks overlap with the absorption peak of photocleavable hydrophobic PNBMA segments, triggering a rapid drug release due to the NIR-induced hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition of the micelle core and thus enabling NIR-controlled chemotherapy. RB molecules are activated via luminescence resonance energy transfer to generate 1O2 for NIR-induced PDT. Meanwhile, the 650 nm emission allows for efficient fluorescence imaging. KE108, a true pansomatostatin nonapeptide, as an NET-targeting ligand, drastically increases the tumoral uptake of the micelles. Intravenously injected AB3-loaded UCNP-based micelles conjugated with RB and KE108-enabling NET-targeted combination chemotherapy and PDT-induce the best antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Corinne R Esquibel
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Irene Lou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qifeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ajitha Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - April Harrison
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Zhao L, Chen G, Li J, Fu Y, Mavlyutov TA, Yao A, Nickells RW, Gong S, Guo LW. An intraocular drug delivery system using targeted nanocarriers attenuates retinal ganglion cell degeneration. J Control Release 2017; 247:153-166. [PMID: 28063892 PMCID: PMC5323250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common blinding disease characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To date, there is no clinically available treatment directly targeting RGCs. We aim to develop an RGC-targeted intraocular drug delivery system using unimolecular micelle nanoparticles (unimNPs) to prevent RGC loss. The unimNPs were formed by single/individual multi-arm star amphiphilic block copolymer poly(amidoamine)-polyvalerolactone-poly(ethylene glycol) (PAMAM-PVL-PEG). While the hydrophobic PAMAM-PVL core can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs, the hydrophilic PEG shell provides excellent water dispersity. We conjugated unimNPs with the cholera toxin B domain (CTB) for RGC-targeting and with Cy5.5 for unimNP-tracing. To exploit RGC-protective sigma-1 receptor (S1R), we loaded unimNPs with an endogenous S1R agonist dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as an FDA-approved model drug. These unimNPs produced a steady DHEA release in vitro for over two months at pH7.4. We then co-injected (mice, intraocular) unimNPs with the glutamate analog N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), which is excito-toxic and induces RGC death. The CTB-conjugated unimNPs (i.e., targeted NPs) accumulated at the RGC layer and effectively preserved RGCs at least for 14days, whereas the unimNPs without CTB (i.e., non-targeted NPs) showed neither accumulation at nor protection of NMDA-treated RGCs. Consistent with S1R functions, targeted NPs relative to non-targeted NPs showed markedly better inhibitory effects on apoptosis and oxidative/inflammatory stresses in the RGC layer. Hence, the DHEA-loaded, CTB-conjugated unimNPs represent an RGC/S1R dual-targeted nanoplatform that generates an efficacious template for further development of a sustainable intraocular drug delivery system to protect RGCs, which may be applicable to treatments directed at glaucomatous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.; Department of Ophthalmology, The 3rd People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Timur A Mavlyutov
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Annie Yao
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, 5151 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Mo Y, Liu G, Tu Y, Lin S, Song J, Hu J, Liu F. Morphological switching of unimolecular micelles of ternary graft copolymers in different solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangmiao Mo
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Song
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
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47
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Jaskula–Sztul R, Chen G, Dammalapati A, Harrison A, Tang W, Gong S, Chen H. AB3-Loaded and Tumor-Targeted Unimolecular Micelles for Medullary Thyroid Cancer Treatment. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:151-159. [PMID: 28025618 PMCID: PMC5180596 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is often resistant to standard therapies, emphasizing the need for the development of other treatments. A new histone deacetylase inhibitor, AB3, can effectively inhibit MTC cell proliferation in vitro. However, its poor aqueous solubility and stability, fast clearance, and lack of tumor targeting ability limit its in vivo application. Therefore, multifunctional unimolecular micelles were developed for targeted delivery of AB3 for MTC therapy. The unimolecular micelles exhibited a spherical core-shell structure, uniform size distribution, and excellent stability. AB3 was encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of the unimolecular micelles, thus significantly enhancing its aqueous solubility and stability. KE108, a somatostatin analog possessing high affinity to all five subtypes of SSTR, was used as an MTC-targeting ligand. In vitro cellular uptake analyses demonstrated that the KE108 exhibited superior targeting ability in MTC cells compared to octreotide, the first clinically used somatostatin analog. Moreover, the AB3-loaded and KE108-conjugated unimolecular micelles exhibited the best efficacy in suppressing MTC cell growth and tumor marker expression in vitro. Furthermore, AB3-loaded, KE108-conjugated micelles demonstrated the best anticancer efficacy in vivo without any apparent systemic toxicity, thereby offering a promising approach for targeted MTC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Jaskula–Sztul
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ajitha Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - April Harrison
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Calle D, Yilmaz D, Cerdan S, Kocer A. Drug delivery from engineered organisms and nanocarriers as monitored by multimodal imaging technologies. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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49
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Fan X, Zhang W, Hu Z, Li Z. Facile synthesis of RGD-conjugated unimolecular micelles based on a polyester dendrimer for targeting drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1062-1072. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated core–shell amphipilic copolymers were synthesized as unimolecular micelles for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Innovis
- Singapore
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50
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chen G, Gong S. Carboplatin-Complexed and cRGD-Conjugated Unimolecular Nanoparticles for Targeted Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27911475 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been widely used to treat cancers including ovarian cancer; however, it suffers from dose-limiting toxicity. Judiciously designed drug nanocarriers can enhance the anticancer efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy while reducing its systemic toxicity. Herein the authors report a stable and water-soluble unimolecular nanoparticle constructed from a hydrophilic multi-arm star block copolymer poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(aspartic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PAMAM-PAsp-PEG) conjugated with both cRGD (cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) peptide and cyanine5 (Cy5) fluorescent dye as a platinum-based drug nanocarrier for targeted ovarian cancer therapy. Carboplatin is complexed to the poly(aspartic acid) inner shell via pH-responsive ion-dipole interactions between carboplatin and the carboxylate groups of poly(aspartic acid). Based on flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses, cRGD-conjugated unimolecular nanoparticles exhibit much higher cellular uptake by ovarian cancer cells overexpressing αv β3 integrin than nontargeted (i.e., cRGD-lacking) ones. Carboplatin-complexed cRGD-conjugated nanoparticles also exhibit higher cytotoxicity than nontargeted nanoparticles as well as free carboplatin, while empty unimolecular nanoparticles show no cytotoxicity. These results indicate that stable unimolecular nanoparticles made of individual hydrophilic multi-arm star block copolymer molecules conjugate with tumor-targeting ligands and dyes (i.e., PAMAM-PAsp-PEG-cRGD/Cy5) are promising nanocarriers for platinum-based anticancer drugs for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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