1
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Yan C, Tong H, Liu C, Ye X, Yuan X, Xu J, Li H. Activation of polyimide by oxygen plasma for atomic layer deposition of highly compact titanium oxide coating. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:265704. [PMID: 38522103 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO2) coated polyimide has broad application prospects under extreme conditions. In order to obtain a high-quality ultra-thin TiO2coating on polyimide by atomic layer deposition (ALD), the polyimide was activated byin situoxygen plasma. It was found that a large number of polar oxygen functional groups, such as carboxyl, were generated on the surface of the activated polyimide, which can significantly promote the preparation of TiO2coating by ALD. The nucleation and growth of TiO2were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy monitoring and scanning electron microscopy observation. On the polyimide activated by oxygen plasma, the size of TiO2nuclei decreased and the quantity of TiO2nuclei increased, resulting in the growth of a highly uniform and dense TiO2coating. This coating exhibited excellent resistance to atomic oxygen. When exposed to 3.5 × 1021atom cm-2atomic oxygen flux, the erosion yield of the polyimide coated with 100 ALD cycles of TiO2was as low as 3.0 × 10-25cm3/atom, which is one order less than that of the standard POLYIMIDE-ref Kapton®film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wei D, Zeng F, Cui J. Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study of the Mechanism and Effect of Various Protective Coatings on the Protection of Polyimide Antierosion from Atomic Oxygen. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:378-391. [PMID: 38171542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polyimide (PI), due to its exceptional performance, is commonly utilized in spacecraft. However, when such polymers are used in spacecraft navigating low Earth orbit, they are exposed to atomic oxygen (AO) that can cause the polymer to decompose. A protective coating method is a more effective way to safeguard the polymer from erosion caused by AO. This study employs the molecular dynamics simulation based on the reaction force field to investigate the protective effects of various coatings, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), graphene (Gr), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the (0 0 1), (0 1 1), and (1 1 1) surfaces of SiO2. The results indicate that the protective performance of the (0 1 1) surface is superior to that of the (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) surfaces. Moreover, protective coatings are classified into three categories based on different protective mechanisms: rebound, absorption, and sacrificial. The protective effectiveness of coatings depends on their anti-AO performance and ability to combine with the substrate. Gr displays exceptional anti-AO properties and can effectively shield the substrate from AO erosion. Silicone-based coatings have a superior ability to adhere to PI substrates, and PDMS is an excellent choice for protective coatings. This paper offers guidance for the protective coating method of PIs against AO erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Wei
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Zeng
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzheng Cui
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, People's Republic of China
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3
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Weerasinghe J, Prasad K, Mathew J, Trifoni E, Baranov O, Levchenko I, Bazaka K. Carbon Nanocomposites in Aerospace Technology: A Way to Protect Low-Orbit Satellites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111763. [PMID: 37299666 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in space technology and reduced launching cost led companies, defence and government organisations to turn their attention to low Earth orbit (LEO) and very low Earth orbit (VLEO) satellites, for they offer significant advantages over other types of spacecraft and present an attractive solution for observation, communication and other tasks. However, keeping satellites in LEO and VLEO presents a unique set of challenges, in addition to those typically associated with exposure to space environment such as damage from space debris, thermal fluctuations, radiation and thermal management in vacuum. The structural and functional elements of LEO and especially VLEO satellites are significantly affected by residual atmosphere and, in particular, atomic oxygen (AO). At VLEO, the remaining atmosphere is dense enough to create significant drag and quicky de-orbit satellites; thus, thrusters are needed to keep them on a stable orbit. Atomic oxygen-induced material erosion is another key challenge to overcome during the design phase of LEO and VLEO spacecraft. This review covered the corrosion interactions between the satellites and the low orbit environment, and how it can be minimised through the use of carbon-based nanomaterials and their composites. The review also discussed key mechanisms and challenges underpinning material design and fabrication, and it outlined the current research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Weerasinghe
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Karthika Prasad
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Joice Mathew
- Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eduardo Trifoni
- Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Oleg Baranov
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Engineering and Robomechanical Systems, National Aerospace University, 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Levchenko
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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4
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Ma J, Liu X, Wang R, Lu C, Wen X, Tu G. Research Progress and Application of Polyimide-Based Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040656. [PMID: 36839026 PMCID: PMC9961415 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyimide (PI) is one of the most dominant engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, chemical stability and dielectric performance. Further improving the versatility of PIs is of great significance, broadening their application prospects. Thus, integrating functional nanofillers can finely tune the individual characteristic to a certain extent as required by the function. Integrating the two complementary benefits, PI-based composites strongly expand applications, such as aerospace, microelectronic devices, separation membranes, catalysis, and sensors. Here, from the perspective of system science, the recent studies of PI-based composites for molecular design, manufacturing process, combination methods, and the relevant applications are reviewed, more relevantly on the mechanism underlying the phenomena. Additionally, a systematic summary of the current challenges and further directions for PI nanocomposites is presented. Hence, the review will pave the way for future studies.
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5
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Wu Z, Liu F, Yang S, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yang H. Long-term Atomic Oxygen Resistant Polyimide Films Containing Carborane Nanocage Structure in the Main Chains. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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The effects of atomic oxygen and ion irradiation degradation on multi-polymers: A combined ground-based exposure and ReaxFF-MD simulation. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7
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Lian R, Lei X, Xiong G, Xiao Y, Zhang Q. Hyperbranched polysiloxane (
HBPSi
)‐based colorless copolyimide films with atomic oxygen (
AO
) erosion resistance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhe Lian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Yuan H, Yan W, Chen S, Qiu M, Liao B, Chen L, Ouyang X, Zhang X, Ying M. Mechanically Robust Irradiation, Atomic Oxygen, and Static-Durable CrO x/CuNi Coatings on Kapton Serving as Space Station Solar Cell Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21461-21473. [PMID: 35475345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The polymers that served for solar cell arrays are constantly subject to various hazards, such as atomic oxygen (AO), ion irradiation, or electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. To address these issues, we fabricated and sifted CrO0.16/CuNi-coated Kapton with a gradient structure with the goal of reaching an equilibrium between AO durability and resistance. The resulting material exhibits an impressively low Ey of 6.61 × 10-26 cm3 atom-1, 2.20% of which was detected as pristine Kapton. Self-evolution of the CrO0.16 coating under 525.4 displacement per atom (dpa) Fe+ ion irradiation indicated that it can still maintain a good state of ultrafine nanocrystalline in addition to local amorphization. Its AO-based degradation and irradiation evolution are demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is mechanically robust enough to endure the cyclic folding treatments attributed to its gradient structure fabrication. Moreover, the CrO0.16/CuNi-coated Kapton exhibits alleviated electrostatic accumulation capability and sufficient conductivity. Our strategy has promising potential for creating surface protection on flexible polymers operating in the low Earth orbit (LEO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shunian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Menglin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Minju Ying
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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9
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Pan XF, Wu B, Gao HL, Chen SM, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Wu H, Yu SH. Double-Layer Nacre-Inspired Polyimide-Mica Nanocomposite Films with Excellent Mechanical Stability for LEO Environmental Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105299. [PMID: 34802169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their outstanding comprehensive performance, polyimide (PI) composite films are widely used on the external surfaces of spacecraft to protect them from the adverse conditions of low Earth orbit (LEO). However, current PI composite films have inadequate mechanical properties and atomic oxygen (AO) resistance. Herein, this work fabricates a new PI-based nanocomposite film with greatly enhanced mechanical properties and AO resistance by integrating mica nanosheets with PI into a unique double-layer nacre-inspired structure with a much higher density of mica nanosheets in the top layer. In addition, the unique microstructure and the intrinsic properties of mica also impart the nanocomposite film with favorable ultraviolet and high-temperature resistance. The comprehensive performance of this material is superior to those of pure PI, single-layer PI-mica, and previously reported PI-based composite films. Thus, the double-layer nanocomposite film displays great potential as an aerospace material for use in LEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Pan
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Huai-Ling Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Si-Ming Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - LiChuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Yuan H, Yan W, Chen S, Qiu M, Liao B. Atomic-Oxygen-Durable and Antistatic α-Al xTi yO/γ-NiCr Coating on Kapton for Aerospace Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58179-58192. [PMID: 34843215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymers used for the exteriors of spacecraft are always exposed to risks such as atomic oxygen (AO) or electrostatic discharge (ESD) degradation. In this work, an AlxTiyO/NiCr coating with excellent mechanical stability, AO durability, and electrostatic dissipative properties was deposited via ion implantation (IIP), filter cathode vacuum arc (FCVA), and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) on a flexible Kapton substrate. Scratch and cycle folding tests indicated good adhesion and toughness of the AlxTiyO/NiCr-coated Kapton, which were due to the gradient structure fabricated by the multitechnology combination. AO exposure tests demonstrated an extremely low erosion yield (Ey = 5.15 × 10-26 cm3 atom-1) of the AlxTiyO/NiCr-coated Kapton, only 1.72% of that observed for pristine Kapton. Moreover, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results showed that the AlxTiyO/NiCr-coated Kapton has elevated surface electrostatic dissipative properties and sufficient conductivity. The multitechnology combination offers great flexibility for customizing the gradient structure to realize a comprehensive performance improvement. In addition, such a coating has great prospects for aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shunian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Menglin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Wang D, Ma J, Li P, Fan L, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Xu C, Jiang L. Flexible Hard Coatings with Self-Evolution Behavior in a Low Earth Orbit Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46003-46014. [PMID: 34533925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, long lifetime, and flexible polymer membrane-based structures, which are tightly folded on the ground and then unfolded in space, suffer from repeated bending before launching and fatal erosion on exposure to atomic oxygen (AO) in a low Earth orbit (LEO). Although various AO-resistant coatings have been developed, a coating that can simultaneously meet the critical requirements for the mechanical robustness and long-term protection of polymer membranes is rare. Here, we fabricated a coating with mechanical robustness and long-term space endurance, starting from an inorganic polymer precursor. A hybrid coating with a nanoscale polymer/silica bicontinuous phase is first prepared on the ground, which exhibits outstanding flexibility and excellent abrasion resistance. Then, the coating shows an in situ self-evolution behavior under AO and ultraviolet (UV) synergism to afford dense and crack-free silica coating with outstanding endurance. Our strategy displays great potential for protecting deployable membrane structures serving in the LEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jusha Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, Shanghai 200245, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Wu
- Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Zongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Qian M, Zhou B, Liu G, Gao Y, Niu Y, Gong S. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane polyimide nanocomposites for color filters and flexible conductive films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Research and Development Center Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai China
| | - Gang Liu
- Research and Development Center Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yueping Niu
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shangqing Gong
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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13
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Kim M, Kim SH, Rho Y, Cho E, Lee JH, Lee SJ. Transparent, Water-Repellent, Antiviral, Antistatic, and Flexible Cu-Plasma-Polymerized Fluorocarbon Nanocomposite Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10301-10312. [PMID: 33591732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer thin films containing fluorine are attracting much attention in various high-tech industries owing to their transparency, flexibility, and excellent water repellency. However, the generation of static electricity due to high electrical resistance limits their application. In this study, highly transparent and flexible Cu-plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon (PPFC) nanocomposite thin films that exhibit hydrophobicity and antistatic properties are proposed. These films, obtained using the mid-range frequency sputtering, exhibited a light transmittance of 84.2%, a water contact angle of 94.6°, and a sheet resistance of 1.2 × 1012 Ω/□. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering confirmed that Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 4-5 nm were distributed uniformly in the PPFC matrix. In repeated fatigue bending tests, the Cu-PPFC nanocomposite thin films exhibited excellent mechanical robustness and flexibility. Antiviral properties of the Cu-PPFC nanocomposite thin films were evaluated against influenza A virus, and the number decreased by 96.9% after 30 min. Carbon nanotube-Cu-polytetrafluoroethylene composite targets are advantageous for large-area coating and mass production because they can be applied in large-area sputtering and roll-to-roll processes. The transparency, charging characteristics, and water repellency can be easily controlled in Cu-PPFC nanocomposite thin films by controlling the sputtering power density according to the required product. Therefore, these films can be applied in various industries such as flexible displays, medical, automobiles, functional textiles, and aerospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Kim
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Yecheol Rho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Eunmi Cho
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jae Heung Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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14
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Andropova U, Serenko O, Tebeneva N, Tarasenkov A, Askadskii A, Afanasyev E, Novikov L, Chernik V, Voronina E, Muzafarov A. New oligomeric metallosiloxane - polyimide nanocomposites for anti-atomic-oxygen erosion. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Atom oxygen (AO) can cause most spacecraft material erosion seriously. Liquid-exfoliated graphene by jet cavitation was used to coat Kapton employed on spacecraft to enhance its AO erosion resistance. The coating was prepared by vacuum filtering and transferring. After AO exposure, compared with naked Kapton, the mass loss of coated Kapton reduced to 3.73% and the erosion yield reduced to 3.67%. AO reacted with graphene and then was left in the coating. The coating was degenerated slightly, but still performed well. We believe that graphene coating could be potentially applied to increase the material’s life span on spacecraft.
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Qian M, Liu G, Zhou B, Xuan XY, Niu YP, Gong SQ. Atomic oxygen durable ultra-black polyimide nanocomposite films in solar spectrum. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Shivakumar R, Bolker A, Tsang SH, Atar N, Verker R, Gouzman I, Hala M, Moshe N, Jones A, Grossman E, Minton TK, Tong Teo EH. POSS enhanced 3D graphene - Polyimide film for atomic oxygen endurance in Low Earth Orbit space environment. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Zhu Y, Cao K, Chen M, Wu L. Synthesis of UV-Responsive Self-Healing Microcapsules and Their Potential Application in Aerospace Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33314-33322. [PMID: 31411462 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced polymer composite coatings in the spacecraft are threatened by harsh space environment factors, such as strong UV radiation, atomic oxygen, thermal cycles, space debris, etc. Their service life can be drastically shortened by the unavoidable formation of cracks caused by these factors (especially strong and abundant UV radiation) during long-term flight. Herein, a UV-responsive microcapsule-based coating is developed for in-orbit damage repairing. UV-responsive microcapsules of which the inner polymeric shell can be degraded rapidly by the outer pure TiO2 shell under UV radiation are produced by UV-initiated polymerization of Pickering emulsions and subsequently embedded into silicon resin matrices. When damaged, some microcapsules will be ruptured under the stimulus of external force, afterward the unbroken ones around the scratched areas will be degraded by UV radiation, as a result, encapsulated healing agents can be released and finally repair cracks. In this system, UV-responsive microcapsules can release more agents more effectively due to the dual release mode, compared with the traditional crack-repairing system. Moreover, the damage of UV radiation in space can be transferred into the favorable ones, which makes it have a potential application in aerospace coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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19
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Gouzman I, Grossman E, Verker R, Atar N, Bolker A, Eliaz N. Advances in Polyimide-Based Materials for Space Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807738. [PMID: 30803081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The space environment raises many challenges for new materials development and ground characterization. These environmental hazards in space include solar radiation, energetic particles, vacuum, micrometeoroids and debris, and space plasma. In low Earth orbits, there is also a significant concentration of highly reactive atomic oxygen (AO). This Progress Report focuses on the development of space-durable polyimide (PI)-based materials and nanocomposites and their testing under simulated space environment. Commercial PIs suffer from AO-induced erosion and surface electric charging. Modified PIs and PI-based nanocomposites are developed and tested to resist degradation in space. The durability of PIs in AO is successfully increased by addition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Conductive materials are prepared based on composites of PI and either carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets or 3D-graphene structures. 3D PI structures, which can expand PI space applications, made by either additive manufacturing (AM) or thermoforming, are presented. The selection of AM-processable engineering polymers in general, and PIs in particular, is relatively limited. Here, innovative preliminary results of a PI-based material processed by the PolyJet technology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gouzman
- Space Environment Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - Eitan Grossman
- Space Environment Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - Ronen Verker
- Space Environment Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - Nurit Atar
- Space Environment Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - Asaf Bolker
- Space Environment Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - Noam Eliaz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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20
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Qian M, Xuan XY. Hyperthermal atomic oxygen durable transparent silicon-reinforced polyimide. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318802939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A clear poly(amic acid) was reinforced by a trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) by direct dissolution, and transparent silicon-reinforced polyimide (Si-RPI) films with different POSS loadings were obtained after curing, showing high transmittance of >90% within 380–800 nm. The Si-RPI films were exposed to a ground hyperthermal atomic oxygen (AO) beam. The erosion depths and derived erosion yields of the materials decreased with POSS loadings. At a 20 wt% POSS loading, the Si-RPI showed an erosion yield of 0.13 × 10−24 cm3 atom−1 at a fluence of 2.79 × 1020 O atoms cm−2. Surface morphology and element composition characterization on Si-RPI indicated that SiOx-based passivating layers were formed on surfaces upon the hyperthermal AO attack. This study suggests a facile way of reinforcing Si into transparent polyimide for a promising candidate of spacecraft coating material operating in low Earth orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Physics, School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang Xuan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Wang X, Li Y, Qian Y, Qi H, Li J, Sun J. Mechanically Robust Atomic Oxygen-Resistant Coatings Capable of Autonomously Healing Damage in Low Earth Orbit Space Environment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803854. [PMID: 30022535 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials used in spacecraft require to be protected with an atomic oxygen (AO)-resistant layer because AO can degrade these polymers when spacecraft serves in low earth orbit (LEO) environment. However, mechanical damage on AO-resistant coatings can expose the underlying polymers to AO erosion, shortening their service life. In this study, the fabrication of durable AO-resistant coatings that are capable of autonomously healing mechanical damage under LEO environment is presented. The self-healing AO-resistant coatings are comprised of 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (denoted as UPy-POSS) that forms hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional supramolecular polymers. The UPy-POSS supramolecular polymers can be conveniently deposited on polyimides by a hot pressing process. The UPy-POSS polymeric coatings are mechanically robust, thermally stable, and transparent and have a strong adhesion toward polyimides to endure repeated bending/unbending treatments and thermal cycling. The UPy-POSS polymeric coatings exhibit excellent AO attack resistance because of the formation of epidermal SiO2 layer after AO exposure. Due to the reversibility of the quadruple hydrogen bonds between UPy motifs, the UPy-POSS polymeric coatings can rapidly heal mechanical damage such as cracks at 80 °C or under LEO environment to restore their original AO-resistant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuhai Qian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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22
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Wang H, Qian M, Murray VJ, Wu B, Yang Y, Dong A, Che L, Minton TK. Effects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen on a cyanate ester and its carbon fiber-reinforced composite. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318788401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The durability of cyanate ester (CE) to hyperthermal atomic oxygen (AO) attack in low Earth orbit may be enhanced by the addition of carbon fiber to form a carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate ester composite (CFCE). To investigate the durability of CFCE relative to CE, samples were exposed to a pulsed hyperthermal AO beam in two distinct types of experiments. In one type of experiment, samples were exposed to the beam, with pre- and post-characterization of mass (microbalance), surface topography (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and surface chemistry (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). In the second type of experiment, the beam was directed at a sample surface, and volatile products that scattered from the surface were detected in situ with the use of a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. CFCE exhibited less mass loss than pure CE with a given AO fluence, confirming that the incorporation of carbon fiber adds AO resistance to CE. Erosion yields of CE and CFCE were 2.63 ± 0.16 × 10−24 and 1.46 ± 0.08 × 10−24 cm3 O-atom−1, respectively. The reduced reactivity of CFCE in comparison to CE was manifested in less oxidation of the CFCE surface in XPS measurements and reduced CO, CO2, and OH reaction products in beam-surface scattering experiments. The surface topographical images collected by SEM implied different surface deterioration processes for CE and CFCE. A change of surface topography with increasing AO fluence for CE indicated a threshold AO fluence, above which the erosion mechanism changed qualitatively. CFCE showed almost intact carbon fibers after relatively low AO fluences, and while the fibers eventually eroded, they did not erode as rapidly as the CE component of the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heilong Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Physics, School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vanessa J Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Bohan Wu
- Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyi Dong
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Che
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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23
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Fang Y, Gonuguntla S, Soh S. Universal Nature-Inspired Coatings for Preparing Noncharging Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32220-32226. [PMID: 28820577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Static charge generated by contact electrification on surfaces can lead to many undesirable consequences such as a reduction in the efficiency of manufacturing processes, damage to equipment, and explosions. However, it is extremely challenging to avoid contact electrification because it is ubiquitous: almost all types of materials charge on contact. Here, we coated materials with naturally occurring polydopamine (PDA) and tannic acid (TA) for preparing noncharging surfaces. Importantly, these coatings are very versatile and can be coated on a wide range of materials, including metals, inorganic materials, semiconductors, and polymers. Once coated, the amount of charge generated was found to reduce dramatically at different humidities. The reduction in charge may be due to the radical-scavenging property of PDA and TA. This simple general approach is ideal for coating the vast variety of materials that need to resist charging by contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Spandhana Gonuguntla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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24
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Improved adhesion between SnO2/SiO2 coating and polyimide film and its applications to atomic oxygen protection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Man Y, Li Z, Shu M, Liu K, Liu H, Gao Y. Surface treatment of 25-μm Kapton film by ammonia for improvement of TiO2/SiO2coating's adhesion. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Vacuum and Cryogenics Technology and Physics; Lanzhou Institute of Physics; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ming Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Huitao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
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26
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Qian M, Murray VJ, Wei W, Marshall BC, Minton TK. Resistance of POSS Polyimide Blends to Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen Attack. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33982-33992. [PMID: 27960434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copolymers of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and polyimide (PI) have shown remarkable resistance to atomic oxygen (AO) attack and have been proposed as replacements for Kapton on the external surfaces of spacecraft in the harsh oxidizing environment of low Earth orbit (LEO). POSS PI blends would be an economical alternative to the copolymers if they also resisted AO attack. Thus, blends of trisilanolphenyl (TSP) POSS and PI with different weight percentages of the Si7O9 POSS cage were cast into films and exposed to a hyperthermal AO beam, and they were characterized in terms of their recession, mass loss, surface morphology, and surface chemistry. In order to compare the AO resistance of the blends with POSS PI copolymers, samples of previously studied copolymers were also investigated in parallel with the blends. For all POSS PI materials, the AO resistance increased with increasing AO fluence and with increasing POSS cage loading. At similar POSS cage loadings and exposure conditions, the TSP POSS PI blends showed comparable erosion yields to the POSS PI copolymers, with specific samples of blends and copolymers achieving erosion yields as low as 0.066 × 10-24 cm3 atom-1 with an AO fluence of 5.93 × 1020 O atoms cm-2. SEM and XPS analyses indicated that passivating SiOx layers were formed on the surfaces of all POSS-containing polymers during AO exposure. Thus, a TSP POSS PI blend is proposed as a low-cost variant of a POSS polyimide for use in extreme oxidizing environments, such as LEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Vanessa J Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Brooks C Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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27
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Atar N, Grossman E, Gouzman I, Bolker A, Murray VJ, Marshall BC, Qian M, Minton TK, Hanein Y. Atomic-Oxygen-Durable and Electrically-Conductive CNT-POSS-Polyimide Flexible Films for Space Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12047-12056. [PMID: 25945409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In low Earth orbit (LEO), hazards such as atomic oxygen (AO) or electrostatic discharge (ESD) degrade polymeric materials, specifically, the extensively used polyimide (PI) Kapton. We prepared PI-based nanocomposite films that show both AO durability and ESD protection by incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carbon nanotube (CNT) additives. The unique methods that are reported prevent CNT agglomeration and degradation of the CNT properties that are common in dispersion-based processes. The influence of the POSS content on the electrical, mechanical, and thermo-optical properties of the CNT-POSS-PI films was investigated and compared to those of control PI and CNT-PI films. CNT-POSS-PI films with 5 and 15 wt % POSS content exhibited sheet resistivities as low as 200 Ω/□, and these resistivities remained essentially unchanged after exposure to AO with a fluence of ∼2.3 × 10(20) O atoms cm(-2). CNT-POSS-PI films with 15 wt % POSS content exhibited an erosion yield of 4.8 × 10(-25) cm(3) O atom(-1) under 2.3 × 10(20) O atoms cm(-2) AO fluence, roughly one order of magnitude lower than that of pure PI films. The durability of the conductivity of the composite films was demonstrated by rolling film samples with a tight radius up to 300 times. The stability of the films to thermal cycling and ionizing radiation was also demonstrated. These properties make the prepared CNT-POSS-PI films with 15 wt % POSS content excellent candidates for applications where AO durability and electrical conductivity are required for flexible and thermally stable materials. Hence, they are suggested here for LEO applications such as the outer layers of spacecraft thermal blankets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Atar
- †Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Eitan Grossman
- †Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Irina Gouzman
- †Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Asaf Bolker
- †Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Vanessa J Murray
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Brooks C Marshall
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Min Qian
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Timothy K Minton
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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