1
|
Runacres D, Greenacre VK, Dyke JM, Grigg J, Herbert G, Levason W, McRobbie G, Reid G. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies on Gallium(III) and Iron(III) Complexes with a Pentadentate Macrocyclic bis-Phosphinate Chelator and Their Investigation As Molecular Scaffolds for 18F Binding. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20844-20857. [PMID: 38055373 PMCID: PMC10731642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of obtaining improved molecular scaffolds for 18F binding to use in PET imaging, gallium(III) and iron(III) complexes with a macrocyclic bis-phosphinate chelator have been synthesized and their properties, including their fluoride binding ability, investigated. Reaction of Bn-tacn (1-benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) with paraformaldehyde and PhP(OR)2 (R = Me or Et) in refluxing THF, followed by acid hydrolysis, yields the macrocyclic bis(phosphinic acid) derivative, H2(Bn-NODP) (1-benzyl-4,7-phenylphosphinic acid-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which is isolated as its protonated form, H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O, at low pH (HClaq), its disodium salt, Na2(Bn-NODP)·5H2O at pH 12 (NaOHaq), or the neutral H2(Bn-NODP) under mildly basic conditions (Et3N). A crystal structure of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·H2O confirmed the ligand's identity. The mononuclear [GaCl(Bn-NODP)] complex was prepared by treatment of either the HCl or sodium salt with Ga(NO3)3·9H2O or GaCl3, while treatment of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O with FeCl3 in aqueous HCl gives [FeCl(Bn-NODP)]. The addition of 1 mol. equiv of aqueous KF to these chloro complexes readily forms the [MF(Bn-NODP)] analogues. Spectroscopic analysis on these complexes confirms pentadentate coordination of the doubly deprotonated (bis-phosphinate) macrocycle via its N3O2 donor set, with the halide ligand completing a distorted octahedral geometry; this is further confirmed through a crystal structure analysis on [GaF(Bn-NODP)]·4H2O. The complex adopts the geometric isomer in which the phosphinate arms are coordinated unsymmetrically (isomer 1) and with the stereochemistry of the three N atoms of the tacn ring in the RRS configuration, denoted (N)RRS, and the phosphinate groups in the RR stereochemistry, denoted (P)RR, (isomer 1/RR), together with its (N)SSR (P)SS enantiomer. The greater thermodynamic stability of isomer 1/RR over the other possible isomers is also indicated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Radiofluorination experiments on the [MCl(Bn-NODP)] complexes in partially aqueous MeCN/NaOAcaq (Ga) or EtOH (Ga or Fe; i.e. without buffer) with 18F- target water at 80 °C/10 min lead to high radiochemical incorporation (radiochemical yields 60-80% at 1 mg/mL, or ∼1.5 μM, concentration of the precursor). While the [Fe18F(n-NODP)] is unstable (loss of 18F-) in both H2O/EtOH and PBS/EtOH (PBS = phosphate buffered saline), the [Ga18F(Bn-NODP)] radioproduct shows excellent stability, RCP = 99% at t = 4 h (RCP = radiochemical purity) when formulated in 90%:10% H2O/EtOH and ca. 95% RCP over 4 h when formulated in 90%:10% PBS/EtOH. This indicates that the new "GaIII(Bn-NODP)" moiety is a considerably superior fluoride binding scaffold than the previously reported [Ga18F(Bn-NODA)] (Bn-NODA = 1-benzyl-4,7-dicarboxylate-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which undergoes rapid and complete hydrolysis in PBS/EtOH (refer to Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 4688-4694).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle
E. Runacres
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Greenacre
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Dyke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Grigg
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - George Herbert
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - William Levason
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teh JH, Amgheib A, Fu R, Barnes C, Abrahams J, Ashek A, Wang N, Yang Z, Mansoorudeen M, Long NJ, Aboagye EO. Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-EMP-105 for Molecular Imaging of C-Met. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1915. [PMID: 37514101 PMCID: PMC10383791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of different cancer types, and has been identified as a potential biomarker for cancer imaging and therapy. Previously, a 68Ga-labelled peptide, [68Ga]Ga-EMP-100, has shown promise for imaging c-Met in renal cell carcinoma in humans. Herein, we report the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of an [18F]AlF-labelled analogue, [18F]AlF-EMP-105, for c-Met imaging by positron emission tomography. EMP-105 was radiolabelled using the aluminium-[18F]fluoride method with 46 ± 2% RCY and >95% RCP in 35-40 min. In vitro evaluation showed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has a high specificity for c-Met-expressing cells. Radioactive metabolite analysis at 5 and 30 min post-injection revealed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has good blood stability, but undergoes transformation-transchelation, defluorination or demetallation-in the liver and kidneys. PET imaging in non-tumour-bearing mice showed high radioactive accumulation in the kidneys, bladder and urine, demonstrating that the tracer is cleared predominantly as [18F]fluoride by the renal system. With its high specificity for c-Met expressing cells, [18F]AlF-EMP-105 shows promise as a potential diagnostic tool for imaging cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hui Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ala Amgheib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ruisi Fu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ali Ashek
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Muneera Mansoorudeen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radiochemistry with {Al18F}2+: Current status and optimization perspectives for efficient radiofluorination by complexation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
4
|
Dam JH, Langkjær N, Baun C, Olsen BB, Nielsen AY, Thisgaard H. Preparation and Evaluation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC for PET Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Comparison to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA/NOTA-NOC. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206818. [PMID: 36296411 PMCID: PMC9609173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The somatostatin receptors 1–5 are overexpressed on neuroendocrine neoplasms and, as such, represent a favorable target for molecular imaging. This study investigates the potential of [18F]AlF-NOTA-[1-Nal3]-Octreotide and compares it in vivo to DOTA- and NOTA-[1-Nal3]-Octreotide radiolabeled with gallium-68. Methods: DOTA- and NOTA-NOC were radiolabeled with gallium-68 and NOTA-NOC with [18F]AlF. Biodistributions of the three radioligands were evaluated in AR42J xenografted mice at 1 h p.i and for [18F]AlF at 3 h p.i. Preclinical PET/CT was applied to confirm the general uptake pattern. Results: Gallium-68 was incorporated into DOTA- and NOTA-NOC in yields and radiochemical purities greater than 96.5%. NOTA-NOC was radiolabeled with [18F]AlF in yields of 38 ± 8% and radiochemical purity above 99% after purification. The biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice showed a high uptake in tumors of 26.4 ± 10.8 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC and 25.7 ± 5.8 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NOC. Additionally, [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC exhibited a tumor uptake of 37.3 ± 10.5 %ID/g for [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC, which further increased to 42.1 ± 5.3 %ID/g at 3 h p.i. Conclusions: The high tumor uptake of all radioligands was observed. However, [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC surpassed the other clinically well-established radiotracers in vivo, especially at 3 h p.i. The tumor-to-blood and -liver ratios increased significantly over three hours for [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC, making it possible to detect liver metastases. Therefore, [18F]AlF demonstrates promise as a surrogate pseudo-radiometal to gallium-68.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hygum Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Niels Langkjær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brinkmann Olsen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Aaraby Yoheswaran Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teh JH, Braga M, Allott L, Barnes C, Hernández-Gil J, Tang MX, Aboagye EO, Long NJ. A kit-based aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride approach to radiolabelled microbubbles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11677-11680. [PMID: 34672307 PMCID: PMC8567295 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of 18F-labelled microbubbles (MBs) via the aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method and facile inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) 'click' chemistry is reported. An [18F]AlF-NODA-labelled tetrazine was synthesised in excellent radiochemical yield (>95% RCY) and efficiently conjugated to a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) functionalised phospholipid (40-50% RCY), which was incorporated into MBs (40-50% RCY). To demonstrate the potential of producing 18F-labelled MBs for clinical studies, we also describe a kit-based approach which is amenable for use in a hospital radiopharmacy setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hui Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, UK.
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Marta Braga
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Louis Allott
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Javier Hernández-Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, UK.
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Küppers J, Kürpig S, Bundschuh RA, Essler M, Lütje S. Radiolabeling Strategies of Nanobodies for Imaging Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1530. [PMID: 34573872 PMCID: PMC8471529 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are small recombinant antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies. Due to their compact structure, pharmacokinetics of nanobodies are favorable compared to full-size antibodies, allowing rapid accumulation to their targets after intravenous administration, while unbound molecules are quickly cleared from the circulation. In consequence, high signal-to-background ratios can be achieved, rendering radiolabeled nanobodies high-potential candidates for imaging applications in oncology, immunology and specific diseases, for instance in the cardiovascular system. In this review, a comprehensive overview of central aspects of nanobody functionalization and radiolabeling strategies is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Küppers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.K.); (R.A.B.); (M.E.); (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Labelling via [Al 18F] 2+ Using Precomplexed Al-NODA Moieties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080818. [PMID: 34451915 PMCID: PMC8399807 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, 68Ga-labelled radiopharmaceuticals have become an important part in clinical routine. However, the worldwide supply with 68Ge/68Ga generators is limited as well as the number of patient doses per batch of 68Ga radiopharmaceutical. In the recent years, a new technique appeared, making use of the ease of aqueous labelling via chelators as with 68Ga but using 18F instead. This technique takes advantage of the strong coordinative bond between aluminium and fluoride, realized in the aqueous cation [Al18F]2+. Most applications to date make use of one-pot syntheses with free Al(III) ions in the system. In contrast, we investigated the labelling approach split into two steps: generating the Al-bearing precursor in pure form and using this Al compound as a precursor in the labelling step with aqueous [18F]fluoride. Hence, no free Al3+ ions are present in the labelling step. We investigated the impact of parameters: temperature, pH, addition of organic solvent, and reaction time using the model chelator NH2-MPAA-NODA. With optimized parameters we could stably achieve a 80% radiochemical yield exerting a 30-min reaction time at 100 °C. This technique has the potential to become an important approach in radiopharmaceutical syntheses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gower-Fry L, Kronemann T, Dorian A, Pu Y, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070701. [PMID: 34358127 PMCID: PMC8309031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Andreas Dorian
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hassan H, Othman MF, Abdul Razak HR. Optimal 18F-fluorination conditions for the high radiochemical yield of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complexes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
18F-fluorination using aluminum-fluoride ([18F]AlF) chelate technique has been reported to give a low-to-moderate radiochemical yield, between 5 and 20%. Therefore, the work described here outlines the optimum 18F-fluorination condition for the formation of [18F]AlF2+ and [18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complex with the radiochemical yield (RCY) and purity (RCP) of more than 90% as a prerequisite step before proceeding with the radiopharmaceutical preparation using the [18F]AlF-bifunctional chelator technique. As well as being simple, the suggested method is practical and relevant for beginners interested in 18F-fluorination with [18F]AlF-chelate complex technique or also for a researcher who aims to proceed on an extensive scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hishar Hassan
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faiz Othman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Hairil Rashmizal Abdul Razak
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koay H, Haskali MB, Roselt PD, White JM, Donnelly PS. Gallium Fluoride Complexes with Acyclic Bispicolinic Ligands as Potential New Fluorine‐18 Labelled Imaging Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HuiJing Koay
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre 3000 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter D. Roselt
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre 3000 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu HM, Chan CH, Yang CH, Hsia HT, Wang MH. Hexavalent lactoside labeled with [ 18F]AlF for PET imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 162:109199. [PMID: 32501233 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been developed to label compounds with 18F. However, in general these are laborious and require a multistep synthesis. A method based on the chelation of 18F-aluminum fluoride ([18F]AlF) by 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) was developed recently. The present work was aimed to radiolabel hexavalent lactoside (NOTA-HL) by [18F]AlF method for PET imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). METHODS hexavalent lactoside was conjugated with the NOTA chelate and labeled with 18F in a one-pot method. The labeling procedure was investigated with different amounts of NOTA-HL and aluminum concentration. Radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity were determined by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC respectively. In vitro stability study of [18F]AlF-HL were carried out. PET/CT imaging of normal mice injected with [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL was performed. RESULTS The Radiochemical yield of [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL was higher with more precursor and optimal Al+ concentration. The radiochemical purity of labeled product was >95% after purified by Sep-Pak cartridge to remove unbound [18F]AlF. The radiolabeling, including purification, was performed in 30 min [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL exhibited good in vitro stability. PET studies in normal mice revealed high specific accumulation of activity in the liver. CONCLUSION NOTA-HL could be labeled rapidly and efficiently with aqueous 18F using AlF method. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL would provide another efficient approach for PET imaging of ASGPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hsin Chan
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Yang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ting Hsia
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Russelli L, Martinelli J, De Rose F, Reder S, Herz M, Schwaiger M, Weber W, Tei L, D'Alessandria C. Room Temperature Al 18 F Labeling of 2-Aminomethylpiperidine-Based Chelators for PET Imaging. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:284-292. [PMID: 31830368 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technology that is constantly expanding, with a high demand for specific antibody-derived imaging probes. The use of tracers based on temperature-sensitive molecules (i. e. Fab, svFab, nanobodies) is increasing and has led us to design a class of chelators based on the structure of 2-aminomethylpiperidine (AMP) with acetic and/or hydroxybenzyl pendant arms (2-AMPTA, NHB-2-AMPDA, and 2-AMPDA-HB), which were investigated as such for {Al18 F}2+ -core chelation efficiency. All the compounds were characterized by HPLC-MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The AlF-18 labeling reactions were performed under various conditions (pH/temperature), and the radiolabeled chelates were purified and characterized by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC. The stability of labeled chelates was investigated up to 240 min in human serum (HS), EDTA 5 mM, PBS and 0.9 % NaCl solutions. The in vivo stability of [Al18 F(2-AMPDA-HB)]- was assessed in healthy nude mice (n=6). Radiochemical yields between 55 % and 81 % were obtained at pH 5 and room temperature. High stability in HS was measured for [Al18 F(2-AMPDA-HB)]- , with 90 % of F-18 complexed after 120 min. High stability in vivo, rapid hepatobiliary and renal excretion, with low accumulation of free F-18 in bones were measured. Thus, this new Al18 F-chelator may have a great impact on immuno-PET radiopharmacy, by facilitating the development of new fluorine-18-labeled heat-sensitive biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Russelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Herz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Z, Yu L, Cheng K, Feng Y, Qiu P, Gai Y, Zhou M. Optimization, automation and validation of the large-scale radiosynthesis of Al 18F tracers in a custom-made automatic platform for high yield. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A custom-made automatic platform was designed and developed for large scale Al18F tracer synthesis with high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Department of PET/CT Center
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lun Yu
- Department of PET-CT Center
- Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital
- Chenzhou 423000
- China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of PET/CT Center
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yabo Feng
- Department of PET-CT Center
- Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital
- Chenzhou 423000
- China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- Breast Cancer Center
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250117
- China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410008
- China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levason W, Monzittu FM, Reid G. Coordination chemistry and applications of medium/high oxidation state metal and non-metal fluoride and oxide-fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Venkatachalam TK, Stimson DHR, Bhalla R, Mardon K, Bernhardt PV, Reutens DC. Synthesis of 18 F-radiolabeled diphenyl gallium dithiosemicarbazone using a novel halogen exchange method and in vivo biodistribution. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:321-331. [PMID: 31042810 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
18 F-radiolabeled diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone was prepared by [18 F] fluoride exchange of a nitrato anion under mild conditions. The diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone chloride is easily prepared in gram quantities and can be used at room temperature in the presence of oxygen. The corresponding nitrate complex is prepared using silver nitrate in methanol solvent and can be stored under nitrogen for weeks before radiolabeling. The biodistribution of this new tracer was studied in mice using positron emission tomography (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damion H R Stimson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blower PJ, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Mules TO, Reid G, Subhan MN. Exploring transition metal fluoride chelates - synthesis, properties and prospects towards potential PET probes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6767-6776. [PMID: 31017131 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the first row transition metal trifluorides with terpy (2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and Me3-tacn (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) was explored to identify potential systems for 18F radiolabelling. The complexes [MF3(L)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co; L = Me3-tacn, terpy) were synthesised and fully characterised by UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, microanalysis, and, for the diamagnetic [CoF3(L)], using 1H, 19F{1H} and 59Co NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray analyses are reported for [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Mn, Co), [FeF3(terpy)] and [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)]. Stability tests on [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) and [M'F3(terpy)] (M' = Cr, Fe) were performed and Cl/19F halide exchange reactions on [CrCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN solution, and [FeCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN or KF in aqueous MeCN solution were also carried out. Halide exchange reactions proved to be successful in forming [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in aqueous MeCN solution within 30 minutes. Based upon the clean Cl/F exchange and the good stability observed for [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in a range of competitive media, this was identified as a possible candidate for radiolabelling. 18F/19F isotopic exchange was achieved by addition of [18F]F- in the cyclotron target water to a MeCN solution of the benzyl-substituted analogue, [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)], at a range of concentrations down to 24 nM with heating to 80 °C for 10 min.; the resulting [Fe18F19F2(BnMe2-tacn)] shows radiochemical purity (RCP) ≥90% after 2 h in a range of formulations, including 10% EtOH/phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 10% EtOH/human serum albumin (HSA). This is the first reported complex with a transition metal directly bonded to [18F]F-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong H, Zhang L, Xie F, Zhuang R, Jiang D, Liu H, Li J, Yang H, Zhang X, Nie L, Li Z. Rapid one-step 18F-radiolabeling of biomolecules in aqueous media by organophosphine fluoride acceptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:989. [PMID: 30824691 PMCID: PMC6397219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, only a few 18F-radiolabeling methods were conducted in aqueous media, with non-macroelement fluoride acceptors and stringent conditions required. Herein, we describe a one-step non-solvent-biased, room-temperature-driven 18F-radiolabeling methodology based on organophosphine fluoride acceptors. The high water tolerance for this isotope-exchange-based 18F-labeling method is attributed to the kinetic and thermodynamic preference of F/F over the OH/F substitution based on computational calculations and experimental validation. Compact [18/19F]di-tert-butyl-organofluorophosphine and its derivatives used as 18F-labeling synthons exhibit excellent stability in vivo. The synthons are further conjugated to several biomolecular ligands such as c(RGDyk) and human serum albumin. The one-step labeled biomolecular tracers demonstrate intrinsic target imaging ability and negligible defluorination in vivo. The current method thus offers a facile and efficient 18F-radiolabeling pathway, enabling further widespread application of 18F. The synthesis of 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is difficult and typically requires anhydrous conditions. Here, the authors developed organophosphine precursors that allow for quick, high-yield synthesis of 18F-labeled probes in either organic solvents or aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, 300384, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Donglang Jiang
- PET center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jindian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alonso Martinez LM, Harel F, Nguyen QT, Létourneau M, D'Oliviera-Sousa C, Meloche B, Finnerty V, Fournier A, Dupuis J, DaSilva JN. Al[ 18F]F-complexation of DFH17, a NOTA-conjugated adrenomedullin analog, for PET imaging of pulmonary circulation. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 67:36-42. [PMID: 30388434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenomedullin receptors are highly expressed in human alveolar capillaries and provide a molecular target for imaging the integrity of pulmonary microcirculation. In this work, we aimed to develop a NOTA-derivatized adrenomedullin analog (DFH17), radiolabeled with [18F]AlF, for PET imaging of pulmonary microcirculation. METHODS Highly concentrated [18F](AlF)2+ (15 μL) was produced from purified fluorine-18 in NaCl 0.9%. Various complexation experiments were carried out at Al-to-NOTA molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:40 to assess optimal radiolabeling conditions before using the peptide. DFH17 peptide (2 mM, pH 4) was radiolabeled with [18F](AlF)2+ for 15 min at 100 °C in a total volume of 60 μL. As part of the radiolabeling process, parameters such as fluorine-18 activity (~37 and 1480 MBq), concentration of AlCl3 (0.75, 2, 3, 6 or 10 mM) and the effects of hydrophilic organic solvent (aqueous vs ethanol 50%) were studied. The final formulation was tested for purity, identity and stability in saline. Initial in vivo evaluation of [18F]AlF-DFH17 was performed in normal rats by PET/CT. RESULTS The scaled-up production of [18F]AlF-DFH17 was performed in high radiochemical and chemical purities in an overall radiochemical yield of 22-38% (at end-of-synthesis) within 60 min. The final formulation was stable in saline at different radioactive concentrations for 8 h. PET evaluation in rats revealed high lung-to-background ratios and no defluorination in vivo up to 1 h post-injection. CONCLUSION The novel radioconjugate [18F]AlF-DFH17 appears to be a promising PET ligand for pulmonary microcirculation imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Michel Alonso Martinez
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3H8, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - François Harel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Quang T Nguyen
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Laboratoire D'études Moléculaires et Pharmacologiques des Peptides, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Caroline D'Oliviera-Sousa
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Bernard Meloche
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Vincent Finnerty
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Alain Fournier
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3H8, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar K. 18F-AlF-Labeled Biomolecule Conjugates as Imaging Pharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1208-1209. [PMID: 29880510 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morris O, Fairclough M, Grigg J, Prenant C, McMahon A. A review of approaches to 18
F radiolabelling affinity peptides and proteins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:4-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - M. Fairclough
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | | | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monzittu FM, Khan I, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Reid G. Rapid Aqueous Late-Stage Radiolabelling of [GaF 3 (BnMe 2 -tacn)] by 18 F/ 19 F Isotopic Exchange: Towards New PET Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6658-6661. [PMID: 29659110 PMCID: PMC6055623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for 18 F radiolabelling of [GaF3 (BnMe2 -tacn)] by 18 F/19 F isotopic exchange is described. The use of MeCN/H2 O or EtOH/H2 O (75:25) and aqueous [18 F]F- (up to 200 MBq) with heating (80 °C, 10 min) gave 66±4 % 18 F incorporation at a concentration of 268 nm, and 37±5 % 18 F incorporation at even lower concentration (27 nm), without the need for a Lewis acid promoter. A solid-phase extraction method was established to give [Ga18 F19 F2 (BnMe2 -tacn)] in 99 % radiochemical purity in an EtOH/H2 O mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- GE HealthcareThe Grove CentreWhite Lion RoadAmersham (UK)HP7 9LLUK
| | - William Levason
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton (UK)SO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE HealthcareThe Grove CentreWhite Lion RoadAmersham (UK)HP7 9LLUK
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton (UK)SO17 1BJUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davis RA, Fettinger JC. N,N,N-Trimethyl-5-[(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)carbonyl]pyridin-2-aminium trifluoromethanesulfonate a precursor for the synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[ 18F]-fluoronicotinate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:604-607. [PMID: 29726470 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618005430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, recrystallization, and X-ray deterimination of N,N,N-trimethyl-5-[(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)carbonyl]pyridin-2-aminium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PyTFP-precursor), C15H13F4N2O2+·CF3SO3-, is described. This triflate salt precursor is required for the synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[18F]-fluoronicotinate ([18F]FPyTFP), a prosthetic group used to radiolabel peptides for positron emission tomography (PET), as peptides are increasingly being used as PET-imaging probes in nuclear medicine. Radiolabeling of peptides is typically done using a `prosthetic group', a small synthon to which the radioisotope is attached in the first step, followed by attachment to the peptide in the second step. During the synthesis of the PyTFP-precursor, displacement of a Cl atom with trimethylamine gas and anion replacement with a triflate counter-ion is critical, as incomplete replacement would hinder radioisotopic incorporation of nucleophilic fluorine-18 and result in diminished radiochemical yields. The structural determination of the PyTFP-precursor by X-ray crystallography helped confirm the anion exchange of chloride with triflate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, Davis Medical Center, Institute of Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Monzittu FM, Khan I, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Reid G. Rapid Aqueous Late‐Stage Radiolabelling of [GaF
3
(BnMe
2
‐tacn)] by
18
F/
19
F Isotopic Exchange: Towards New PET Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- GE HealthcareThe Grove Centre White Lion Road Amersham (UK) HP7 9LL UK
| | - William Levason
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton (UK) SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE HealthcareThe Grove Centre White Lion Road Amersham (UK) HP7 9LL UK
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton (UK) SO17 1BJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Reid G. [AlCl 3(BnMe 2-tacn)] - a new metal chelate scaffold for radiofluorination by Cl/F exchange. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:14519-14522. [PMID: 28835959 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiofluorination of a 2.63 μM solution (pH 4, NaOAc buffer) of [AlCl3(BnMe2-tacn)] via treatment with 2.99 mol. equiv. of [19F]KF doped with cyclotron-produced [18F]F- target water, with heating to 80-100 °C for 1 h, gives up to 24% 18F incorporation. SPE purification of the [Al19F218F(BnMe2-tacn)] radio-product gives >99% RCP, with excellent stability (>99% RCP after 3 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Levason
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jackson IM, Scott PJ, Thompson S. Clinical Applications of Radiolabeled Peptides for PET. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:493-523. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
28
|
Allott L, Da Pieve C, Turton DR, Smith G. A general [18F]AlF radiochemistry procedure on two automated synthesis platforms. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first general [18F]AIF automated radiolabelling procedure developed on the GE Tracerlab FX FN (Left) and Trasis AllInOne (Right) platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Allott
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
| | - C. Da Pieve
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
| | - D. R. Turton
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
| | - G. Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boschi S, Lee JT, Beykan S, Slavik R, Wei L, Spick C, Eberlein U, Buck AK, Lodi F, Cicoria G, Czernin J, Lassmann M, Fanti S, Herrmann K. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of an Al 18F radiofluorinated GLU-UREA-LYS(AHX)-HBED-CC PSMA ligand. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:2122-2130. [PMID: 27329046 PMCID: PMC5050145 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to synthesize and preclinically evaluate an 18F-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) specificity, biodistribution, and dosimetry in healthy and tumor-bearing mice were determined. METHODS Several conditions for the labeling of 18F-PSMA-11 via 18F-AlF-complexation were screened to study the influence of reaction temperature, peptide amount, ethanol volume, and reaction time. After synthesis optimization, biodistribution and dosimetry studies were performed in C57BL6 mice. For proof of PSMA-specificity, mice were implanted with PSMA-negative (PC3) and PSMA-positive (LNCaP) tumors in contralateral flanks. Static and dynamic microPET/computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed. RESULTS Quantitative labeling yields could be achieved with >97 % radiochemical purity. The 18F-PSMA-11 uptake was more than 24-fold higher in PSMA-high LNCaP than in PSMA-low PC3 tumors (18.4 ± 3.3 %ID/g and 0.795 ± 0.260 %ID/g, respectively; p < 4.2e-5). Results were confirmed by ex vivo gamma counter analysis of tissues after the last imaging time point. The highest absorbed dose was reported for the kidneys. The maximum effective dose for an administered activity of 200 MBq was 1.72 mSv. CONCLUSION 18F-PSMA-11 using direct labeling of chelate-attached peptide with aluminum-fluoride detected PSMA-expressing tumors with high tumor-to-liver ratios. The kidneys were the dose-limiting organs. Even by applying the most stringent dosimetric calculations, injected activities of up to 0.56 GBq are feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Boschi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seval Beykan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roger Slavik
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS AR-255, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liu Wei
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS AR-255, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claudio Spick
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS AR-255, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Lodi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cicoria
- Department of Medical Physics, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS AR-255, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS AR-255, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Malik N, Baur B, Winter G, Reske SN, Beer AJ, Solbach C. Radiofluorination of PSMA-HBED via Al(18)F(2+) Chelation and Biological Evaluations In Vitro. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:777-85. [PMID: 25869080 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ga-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands have been used clinically for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. However, F-18-labeled compounds offer several advantages, including the potential for delayed imaging, high starting activities enabling multidose preparation, and improved spatial resolution in PET. For F-18 labeling of peptides conjugated with a suitable chelator, a fast and feasible method is the use of [Al(18)F](2+). In the present study, the radiofluorinations of a well-known PSMA ligand Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC (PSMA-HBED) via [Al(18)F](2+) were performed with respect to various reaction parameters, along with the biological evaluations in a cell experiment. PROCEDURES [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was prepared by adding Na[(18)F]F into a vial containing 0.026 μmol peptide (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer) and 0.03 μmol AlCl3⋅6H2O (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer). Then, it was stirred at different temperatures from 1 to 30 min. Afterwards, purification was carried out by solid phase extraction. Biological evaluations were performed in PSMA-positive cell lines LNCaP C4-2, along with a negative control using PC-3 cell lines. RESULTS The best labeling results (81 ± 0.5 %, n = 4) were observed with 0.026 μmol peptide (30 °C, 5 min). For preclinical experiments, the production of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED at 35 °C including purification by solid phase extraction (SPE) succeeded within 45 min, resulting in a radiochemical yield of 49 ± 1.2 % (decay-corrected, n = 6, radiochemical purity ≥98 %) at EOS. The labeled peptide revealed serum stability for 4 h as well as a promising binding coefficient (K D) value of 10.3 ± 2.2 nM in cell experiments with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells. CONCLUSION An efficient and one-pot method for the radiosynthesis of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was developed (0.26 μmol of precursor at 35 °C). In cell culture studies, the K D suggests [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED as a potential PSMA ligand for future investigations in vivo and clinical applications afterwards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Baur
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven N Reske
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Davis RA, Lau K, Hausner SH, Sutcliffe JL. Solid-phase synthesis and fluorine-18 radiolabeling of cycloRGDyK. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8659-8663. [PMID: 27714190 PMCID: PMC5111556 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01636g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis, head-to-tail cyclization, and subsequent radiolabeling provided a reproducible, simple, rapid synthetic method to generate the cyclic peptide radiotracer cRGDyK([18F]FBA). Herein is reported the first on-resin cyclization and 18F-radiolabeling of a cyclic peptide (cRGDyK) in an overall peptide synthesis yield of 88% (cRGDyK(NH2)) and subsequent radiolabeling yield of 14 ± 2% (decay corrected, n = 4). This approach is generally applicable to the development of an automated process for the synthesis of cyclic radiolabeled peptides for positron emission tomography (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, USA
| | - Kevin Lau
- Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA
| | - Sven H Hausner
- Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, USA
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, USA and Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Venkatachalam TK, Bernhardt PV, Noble CJ, Fletcher N, Pierens GK, Thurecht KJ, Reutens DC. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of semicarbazones and their copper complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
33
|
Zhang Q, Dall'Angelo S, Fleming IN, Schweiger LF, Zanda M, O'Hagan D. Last-Step Enzymatic [(18) F]-Fluorination of Cysteine-Tethered RGD Peptides Using Modified Barbas Linkers. Chemistry 2016; 22:10998-1004. [PMID: 27374143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a last-step fluorinase-catalyzed [(18) F]-fluorination of a cysteine-containing RGD peptide. The peptide was attached through sulfur to a modified and more hydrophilic variant of the recently disclosed Barbas linker which was itself linked to a chloroadenosine moiety via a PEGylated chain. The fluorinase was able to use this construct as a substrate for a transhalogenation reaction to generate [(18) F]-radiolabeled RGD peptides, which retained high affinity to cancer-cell relevant αv β3 integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lutz F Schweiger
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang CC, Chang CH, Lo YH, Lin MH, Shen CC, Liu RS, Wang HE, Chen CL. Preparation and characterization of a novel Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA conjugate for melanin-targeted imaging of malignant melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4133-9. [PMID: 27445169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma. Previous studies have demonstrated the specific binding ability of benzamide moiety to melanin. In this study, we developed a novel (18)F-labeled NOTA-benzamide conjugate, Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA, which can be synthesized in 30min with a radiochemical yield of 20-35% and a radiochemical purity of >95%. Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA is highly hydrophilic (logP=-1.96) and shows good in vitro stability. Intravenous administration of Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA in two melanoma-bearing mouse models revealed highly specific uptake in B16F0 melanotic melanoma (6.67±0.91 and 1.50±0.26%ID/g at 15 and 120min p.i., respectively), but not in A375 amelanotic melanoma (0.87±0.21 and 0.24±0.09%ID/g at 15 and 120min p.i., respectively). The clearance from most normal tissues was fast. A microPET scan of Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA-injected mice also displayed high-contrast tumor images as compared with normal organs. Owing to the favorable in vivo distribution of Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA after intravenous administration, the estimated absorption dose was low in all normal organs and tissues. The melanin-specific binding ability, sustained tumor retention, fast normal tissues clearance and thelow projected human dosimetry supported that Al(18)F-NOTA-BZA is a very promising melanin-specific PET probe for melanin-positive melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei, Taiwan; National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Lin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pei-tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Poschenrieder A, Osl T, Schottelius M, Hoffmann F, Wirtz M, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. First 18F-Labeled Pentixafor-Based Imaging Agent for PET Imaging of CXCR4 Expression In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:85-93. [PMID: 30042959 PMCID: PMC6024415 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vivo quantification of CXCR4 expression using [68Ga]pentixafor for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has gained significant clinical interest as CXCR4 plays a fundamental role in oncology and possesses potential prognostic value when overexpressed. To combine the excellent CXCR4-targeting properties of pentixafor-based tracers with the favorable radionuclide properties of 18F for high-resolution PET imaging, we developed an Al18F-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA) analog of pentixather. Al18F-labeling of NOTA-pentixather was performed in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at pH = 4 (105°C, 15 minutes). CXCR4 affinities were determined in competitive binding assays, and both biodistribution and small-animal PET studies were performed in Daudi lymphoma-bearing mice. Under non-optimized conditions, [18F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather was obtained in radiochemical yields of 45.5% ± 13.3% and specific activities of up to 24.8 GBq/μmol. Compared with [natGa]pentixafor, [natF]AlF-NOTA-pentixather showed 1.4-fold higher CXCR4 affinity. [18F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather displayed high and CXCR4-specific in vivo uptake in Daudi xenografts (13.9% ± 0.8% injected dose per gram [ID/g] at 1 hour post injection [p.i.]). Because of its enhanced lipophilicity (logP = -1.4), [18F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather showed increased accumulation in the gall bladder and intestines. However, tumor/background ratios of 7.0 ± 1.2, 2.0 ± 0.3, 2.2 ± 0.4, 16.5 ± 6.5, and 29.2 ± 4 for blood, liver, small intestine, gut, and muscle, respectively, allowed for high-contrast visualization of Daudi tumors using PET (1 hour p.i.). The relatively straightforward radiosynthesis and efficient CXCR4 targeting of [18F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather demonstrate the successful implementation of 18F-complexation chemistry and pentixather-based CXCR4 targeting. Upon pharmacokinetic optimization, this class of tracers holds great promise for future application in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Osl
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Germany and
| | | | - Frauke Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Germany and
| | - Martina Wirtz
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Germany and
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Germany and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shi J, Wang F, Liu S. Radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides as radiotracers for tumor imaging. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2016; 2:1-20. [PMID: 27819026 PMCID: PMC5071373 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family comprises 24 transmembrane receptors, each a heterodimeric combination of one of 18α and one of 8β subunits. Their main function is to integrate the cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular microenvironment with the intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement through transmitting signals across the cell membrane upon ligand binding. Integrin αvβ3 is a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins containing arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) tripeptide sequence. The αvβ3 is generally expressed in low levels on the epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed in many solid tumors. The αvβ3 levels correlate well with the potential for tumor metastasis and aggressiveness, which make it an important biological target for development of antiangiogenic drugs, and molecular imaging probes for early tumor diagnosis. Over the last decade, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as radiotracers for imaging tumors by SPECT or PET. Even though they are called “αvβ3-targeted” radiotracers, the radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides are also able to bind αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6 integrins, which may help enhance their tumor uptake due to the “increased receptor population.” This article will use the multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of integrin-targeted radiotracers and focus on different approaches to maximize their tumor uptake and T/B ratios. It will also discuss important assays for pre-clinical evaluations of the integrin-targeted radiotracers, and their potential applications as molecular imaging tools for noninvasive monitoring of tumor metastasis and early detection of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhalla R, Burt J, Hector AL, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Reid G. Complexes of aluminium, gallium and indium trifluorides with neutral oxygen donor ligands: Synthesis, properties and reactions. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Venkatachalam TK, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Stimson DHR, Bhalla R, Lambert L, Reutens DC. Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Gallium Complexes of Substituted Thiosemicarbazones Including X-Ray Crystal Structure, a New Halogen Exchange Strategy, and 18F Radiolabelling. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Five thiosemicarbazone ligands have been synthesized, and their coordination chemistry with gallium was investigated. The reaction of these thiosemicarbazones with gallium chloride in alcohol solutions in the presence of a base yielded the corresponding penta-coordinated Ga-Cl metal complexes. In contrast, the reaction of gallium nitrate with the ligands in the presence of alkoxides resulted in the formation of the corresponding Ga-alkoxides, rather than the anticipated Ga-nitrate complex. The crystal structures of gallium chloride and gallium methoxide complexes of diphenylthiosemicarbazone comprise a planar configuration of the tetradentate-coordinated thiosemicarbazone with Ga3+ ion, with the chloride or methoxide groups occupying the apical coordination site. The corresponding ethoxido complex was also prepared in an identical fashion, and NMR analysis confirmed structural similarity to the methoxido complex. Facile halogen exchange reactions of the gallium chloride complexes were achieved by treatment with silver nitrate, followed by addition of KF or KI to generate the gallium fluoride and iodide complexes, respectively. This method of exchange using halogenated inorganic salts aids the preparation of group 13 fluorides, which are notoriously insoluble in organic solvents, for complexation with organic ligands. All compounds have been fully characterized by NMR, and the X-ray crystal structures of two of the complexes are reported. Additionally, the positron-emitting isotope 18F was introduced in the structure of the diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone complex.
Collapse
|
39
|
Thompson S, Fleming IN, O'Hagan D. Enzymatic transhalogenation of dendritic RGD peptide constructs with the fluorinase. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3120-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fluorinase enzyme is used to catalyse transhalogenation reactions on dendritic RGD peptide constructs. The strategy is explored for [18F]-radiolabelling of peptides under neutral aqueous ambient conditions for positron emission tomography (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thompson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
| | - Ian N. Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre
- School of Medicine and Dentistry
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen
- UK
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Adeowo FY, Honarparvar B, Skelton AA. The interaction of NOTA as a bifunctional chelator with competitive alkali metal ions: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigates NOTA–alkali metal (Li+, Na+ and K+ and Rb+) complexation using density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Y. Adeowo
- School of Health Sciences
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Discipline of Pharmacy
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
| | - B. Honarparvar
- School of Health Sciences
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Discipline of Pharmacy
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
| | - A. A. Skelton
- School of Health Sciences
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Discipline of Pharmacy
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chansaenpak K, Vabre B, Gabbaï FP. [(18)F]-Group 13 fluoride derivatives as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:954-71. [PMID: 26548467 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of (18)F chemistry is rapidly expanding because of the use of this radionuclide in radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Until recently, most [(18)F]-radiotracers were generated by the direct attachment of (18)F to a carbon in the organic backbone of the radiotracer. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a new strategy based on the formation of an (18)F-group 13 element bond. This approach, which is rooted in the field of fluoride anion complexation/coordination chemistry, has led to the development of a remarkable family of boron, aluminium and gallium [(18)F]-fluoride anion complexing agents which can be conjugated with peptides and small molecules to generate disease specific PET radiotracers. This review is dedicated to the chemistry of these group 13 [(18)F]-fluorides anion complexing agents and their use in PET. Some of the key fluoride-binding motifs covered in this review include the trifluoroborate unit bound to neutral or cationic electron deficient backbones, the BF2 unit of BODIPY dyes, and AlF or GaF3 units coordinated to multidentate Lewis basic ligands. In addition to describing how these moieties can be converted into their [(18)F]-analogs, this review also dicusses their incorporation into bioconjugates for application in PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meyer JP, Houghton JL, Kozlowski P, Abdel-Atti D, Reiner T, Pillarsetty NVK, Scholz WW, Zeglis BM, Lewis JS. (18)F-Based Pretargeted PET Imaging Based on Bioorthogonal Diels-Alder Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:298-301. [PMID: 26479967 PMCID: PMC4759614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-of-its-kind (18)F pretargeted PET imaging approach based on the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) is presented. As proof-of-principle, a TCO-bearing immunoconjugate of the anti-CA19.9 antibody 5B1 and an Al[(18)F]NOTA-labeled tetrazine radioligand were harnessed for the visualization of CA19.9-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts. Biodistribution and (18)F-PET imaging data clearly demonstrate that this methodology effectively delineates tumor mass with activity concentrations up to 6.4 %ID/g at 4 h after injection of the radioligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philip Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jacob L Houghton
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Kozlowski
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dalya Abdel-Atti
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Wolfgang W Scholz
- MabVax Therapeutics , 11588 Sorrento Valley Road Suite 20, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Z, Lin KS, Bénard F, Pourghiasian M, Kiesewetter DO, Perrin DM, Chen X. One-step (18)F labeling of biomolecules using organotrifluoroborates. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1423-32. [PMID: 26313478 PMCID: PMC5223096 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a general protocol for the functionalization of biomolecules with an organotrifluoroborate moiety so that they can be radiolabeled with aqueous (18)F fluoride ((18)F(-)) and used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Among the β(+)-emitting radionuclides, fluorine-18 ((18)F) is the isotope of choice for PET, and it is produced, on-demand, in many hospitals worldwide. Organotrifluoroborates can be (18)F-labeled in one step in aqueous conditions via (18)F-(19)F isotope exchange. This protocol features a recently designed ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate, and it describes the following: (i) a synthetic strategy that affords modular synthesis of radiolabeling precursors via a copper-catalyzed 'click' reaction; and (ii) a one-step (18)F-labeling method that obviates the need for HPLC purification. Within 30 min, (18)F-labeled PET imaging probes, such as peptides, can be synthesized in good chemical and radiochemical purity (>98%), satisfactory radiochemical yield of 20-35% (n > 20, non-decay corrected) and high specific activity of 40-111 GBq/μmol (1.1-3.0 Ci/μmol). The entire procedure, including the precursor preparation and (18)F radiolabeling, takes 7-10 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maral Pourghiasian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu S. Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Bioconjugates as Radiotracers Targeting Multiple Integrins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1413-38. [PMID: 26193072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis. The angiogenic process depends on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, and is regulated by various cell adhesion receptors. Integrins are such a family of receptors that facilitate the cellular adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix proteins in the intercellular spaces and basement membranes. Among 24 members of the integrin family, αvβ3 is studied most extensively for its role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The αvβ3 is expressed at relatively low levels on epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed on the activated endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature and some tumor cells. This restricted expression makes αvβ3 an excellent target to develop antiangiogenic drugs and diagnostic molecular imaging probes. Since αvβ3 is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins with one or more RGD tripeptide sequence, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as "αvβ3-targeted" radiotracers for tumor imaging over the past decade. This article will use the dimeric and tetrameric cyclic RGD peptides developed in our laboratories as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of αvβ3-targeted radiotracers. It will focus on different approaches to maximize the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor/background ratios. This article will also discuss some important assays for preclinical evaluations of integrin-targeted radiotracers. In general, multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides increases their integrin binding affinity and the tumor uptake and retention times of their radiotracers. Regardless of their multiplicity, the capability of cyclic RGD peptides to bind other integrins (namely, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6) is expected to enhance the radiotracer tumor uptake due to the increased integrin population. The results from preclinical and clinical studies clearly show that radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides (such as (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2, (18)F-Alfatide-I, and (18)F-Alfatide-II) are useful as the molecular imaging probes for early cancer detection and noninvasive monitoring of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zeng JL, Wang J, Ma JA. New strategies for rapid (18)F-radiolabeling of biomolecules for radionuclide-based in vivo imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1000-3. [PMID: 25898224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing availability of highly active no-carrier-added [(18)F]-fluoride makes its use in radiolabeling biomolecules attractive. By incorporating "fluorophilic" elements (Si, B, and Al) into biomolecules, recent advances offer mild and rapid (18)F-labeling approaches without HPLC purification at the radiosynthetic stage while maintaining sufficient specific activity. In this Topical Review, we will discuss the most recent strides in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- ‡Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhalla R, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Sanderson G, Reid G. Radiofluorination of a pre-formed gallium(III) aza-macrocyclic complex: towards next-generation positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Chemistry 2015; 21:4688-94. [PMID: 25652736 PMCID: PMC4515101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study to investigate the factors influencing the development of new, more effective metal-complex-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents, the distorted octahedral complex, [GaCl(L)]⋅2 H2O has been prepared by reaction of 1-benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-dicarboxylic acid hydrochloride (H2L⋅HCl) with Ga(NO3)3⋅9 H2O, which is a convenient source of Ga(III) for reactions in water. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data for [GaCl(L)]⋅2 H2O are described, together with the crystal structure of [GaCl(L)]⋅MeCN. Fluorination of this complex by Cl(-)/F(-) exchange was achieved in high yield by treatment with KF in water at room temperature over 90 minutes, although the reaction was complete in approximately 30 minutes if heated to 80 °C, giving [GaF(L)]⋅2 H2O in good yield. The same complex was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis from GaF3⋅3 H2O and Li2L, and has been characterised by single-crystal X-ray analysis, IR, (1)H and (19)F{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy and ESI(+) MS. Radiofluorination of the pre-formed [GaCl(L)]⋅2 H2O has been demonstrated on a 210 nanomolar scale in aqueous NaOAc at pH 4 by using carrier-free (18)F(-), leading to 60-70% (18)F-incorporation after heating to 80 °C for 30 minutes. The resulting radioproduct was purified easily by using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, leading to 98-99% radiochemical purity. The [Ga(18)F(L)] is stable for at least 90 minutes in 10% EtOH/NaOAc solution at pH 6, but defluorinates over this time scale at pH of approximately 7.5 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or human serum albumin (HSA). The subtle role of the Group 13 metal ion and co-ligand donor set in influencing the pH dependence of this system is discussed in the context of developing potential new imaging agents for PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland BrisbaneQueensland 4072 (Australia)
| | - William Levason
- Chemistry Department, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (UK)
| | | | | | - George Sanderson
- Chemistry Department, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (UK)
| | - Gillian Reid
- Chemistry Department, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic tumor. Molecular imaging of FSHR is beneficial for prognosis and therapy of cancer. FSHβ(33-53) (YTRDLVYKDPARPKIQKTCTF), denoted as FSH1, is a FSHR antagonist. In the present study, maleimide-NOTA conjugate of FSH1 (NOTA-MAL-FSH1) was designed and labeled with [(18)F] aluminum fluoride. The resulting tracer, (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1, was preliminarily evaluated in PET imaging of FSHR-positive tumor. PROCEDURES NOTA-MAL-FSH1 was synthesized and radiolabeled with Al(18)F complex. The tumor-targeting potential and pharmacokinetic profile of the (18)F-labeled compound were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a PC3 human prostate tumor model. RESULTS (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 can be efficiently produced within 30 min with a non-decay-corrected yield of 48.6 ± 2.1 % and a radiochemical purity of more than 95 %. The specific activity was at least 30 GBq/μmol. The radiotracer was stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum for at least 2 h. The IC50 values of displacement (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 with FSH1 were 252 ± 1.12 nM. The PC3 human prostate tumor xenografts were clearly visible with high contrast after injection of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 via microPET. At 30, 60 and 120 min postinjection, the tumor uptakes were 2.98 ± 0.29 % injected dose (ID)/g, 2.53 ± 0.20 %ID/g and 1.36 ± 0.12 %ID/g, respectively. Dynamic PET scanning showed that tumor uptake reached a plateau by about 6 min. Heart peaked earlier and then cleared quickly. Biodistribution studies confirmed that the normal organs except kidney uptakes were all below 1 %ID/g at 1 h p.i. The tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratio at 10 min, 0.5, 1, and 2 h after injection were 1.64 ± 0.36, 2.97 ± 0.40, 9.31 ± 1.06, and 13.59 ± 2.33 and 7.05 ± 1.10, 10.10 ± 1.48, 16.17 ± 3.29, and 30.88 ± 4.67, respectively. The tracer was excreted mainly through the renal system, as evidenced by high levels of radioactivity in the kidneys. FSHR-binding specificity was also demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 after coinjection with an excess of unlabeled FSH1 peptide. CONCLUSION NOTA-MAL-FSH1 could be labeled rapidly and efficiently with (18)F using one step method. Favorable preclinical data suggest that (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 may be a suitable radiotracer for the non-invasive visualization of FSHR positive tumor in vivo.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang W, Liu Z, Li Z. One-step (18)F labeling of non-peptidic bivalent integrin αvβ3 antagonist for cancer imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:24-8. [PMID: 25551189 PMCID: PMC4334273 DOI: 10.1021/bc500590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A rapid one-step 18F labeling
reaction with fluoridealuminum
complex, which is based on chelation chemistry, has received a surge
of interest for 18F radiolabeling of peptides. In this
study, a non-peptidic bivalent integrin αvβ3 antagonist (bivalent-IA) was conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diiacetic
acid (NODA). A novel 18F labeled radiotracer, 18F-bivalent-IA, was developed via one step 18F–AlF/NODA
chelation reaction in aqueous phase with high radiochemical yield
(65–75%, decay corrected) and good specific activity (750–850
mCi/μmol). The tumor integrin targeting efficiency and in vivo
pharmacokinetic profile of 18F-bivalent-IA were evaluated
in U-87 MG (integrin positive) and MDA-MB-231 (integrin negative)
models by small-animal PET/CT scan followed by a biodistribution study.
The PET/CT and ROI results showed high tumor uptake of 18F-bivalent-IA in U-87 MG tumor-bearing mice from 5 to 120 min p.i.
with good contrast, and the U-87 MG tumor uptake values (6.35 ±
0.67%ID/g, at 1 h p.i.) were 6 times higher than those of MDA-MB-231
tumor (1.05 ± 0.12%ID/g, at 1 h p.i.) (P <
0.0001) which correlated with the integrin αvβ3 expression in tumor tissues confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Co-injection of the 18F-bivalent-IA with 6 nmol (6 μg)
of nonradioactive bivalent-IA effectively blocked tumor uptake demonstrating
the integrin αvβ3-specificity. In
conclusion, the first 18F labeled non-peptidic bivalent
integrin αvβ3 targeting radiotracer, 18F-bivalent-IA, was developed and proved to be a highly potent
and specific PET radiopharmaceutical for noninvasive imaging of integrin
αvβ3, which plays a critical role
in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bhalla R, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Palmer J, Reid G, Sanderson G, Zhang W. Hydrothermal synthesis of Group 13 metal trifluoride complexes with neutral N-donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9569-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MF3·3H2O (M = Al, Ga or In) react with neutral imine ligands under hydrothermal conditions to yield mer-trifluoro complexes with extensive H-bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - William Levason
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Jazmyn Palmer
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - George Sanderson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Richter S, Wuest F. 18F-Labeled Peptides: The Future Is Bright. Molecules 2014; 19:20536-20556. [PMID: 25493636 PMCID: PMC6271677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides have been the subject of intense research efforts for targeted diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy over the last 20 years. Peptides offer several advantages for receptor imaging and targeted radiotherapy. The low molecular weight of peptides allows for rapid clearance from the blood and non-target tissue, which results in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. Moreover, peptides usually display good tissue penetration and they are generally non-immunogenic. A major drawback is their potential low metabolic stability. The majority of currently used radiolabeled peptides for targeted molecular imaging and therapy of cancer is labeled with various radiometals like 99mTc, 68Ga, and 177Lu. However, over the last decade an increasing number of 18F-labeled peptides have been reported. Despite of obvious advantages of 18F like its ease of production in large quantities at high specific activity, the low β+ energy (0.64 MeV) and the favorable half-life (109.8 min), 18F-labeling of peptides remains a special challenge. The first part of this review will provide a brief overview on chemical strategies for peptide labeling with 18F. A second part will discuss recent technological advances for 18F-labeling of peptides with special focus on microfluidic technology, automation, and kit-like preparation of 18F-labeled peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|