1
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Mansfield CR, Quan B, Chirgwin ME, Eduful B, Hughes PF, Neveu G, Sylvester K, Ryan DH, Kafsack BFC, Haystead TAJ, Leahy JW, Fitzgerald MC, Derbyshire ER. Selective targeting of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp90 disrupts the 26S proteasome. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:729-742.e13. [PMID: 38492573 PMCID: PMC11031320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has an essential but largely undefined role in maintaining proteostasis in Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malaria parasite. Herein, we identify BX-2819 and XL888 as potent P. falciparum (Pf)Hsp90 inhibitors. Derivatization of XL888's scaffold led to the development of Tropane 1, as a PfHsp90-selective binder with nanomolar affinity. Hsp90 inhibitors exhibit anti-Plasmodium activity against the liver, asexual blood, and early gametocyte life stages. Thermal proteome profiling was implemented to assess PfHsp90-dependent proteome stability, and the proteasome-the main site of cellular protein recycling-was enriched among proteins with perturbed stability upon PfHsp90 inhibition. Subsequent biochemical and cellular studies suggest that PfHsp90 directly promotes proteasome hydrolysis by chaperoning the active 26S complex. These findings expand our knowledge of the PfHsp90-dependent proteome and protein quality control mechanisms in these pathogenic parasites, as well as further characterize this chaperone as a potential antimalarial drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Mansfield
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Baiyi Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Eduful
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gaëlle Neveu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kayla Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel H Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Björn F C Kafsack
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James W Leahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Emily R Derbyshire
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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2
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Türker F, Bharadwaj RA, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR, Hyde TM, White CJ, Williams DW, Margolis SS. Orthogonal approaches required to measure proteasome composition and activity in mammalian brain tissue. J Biol Chem 2023:104811. [PMID: 37172721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are large macromolecular complexes with multiple distinct catalytic activities that are each vital to human brain health and disease. Despite their importance, standardized approaches to investigate proteasomes have not been universally adapted. Here, we describe pitfalls and define straightforward orthogonal biochemical approaches essential to measure and understand changes in proteasome composition and activity in the mammalian central nervous system. Through our experimentation in the mammalian brain, we determined an abundance of catalytically active proteasomes exist with and without a 19S cap(s), the regulatory particle essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Moreover, we learned that in-cell measurements using activity-based probes (ABPs) are more sensitive in determining the available activity of the 20S proteasome without the 19S cap and in measuring individual catalytic subunit activities of each β subunit within all neuronal proteasomes. Subsequently, applying these tools to human brain samples, we were surprised to find that post-mortem tissue retained little to no 19S-capped proteasome, regardless of age, sex, or disease state. Comparing brain tissues (parahippocampal gyrus) from human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and unaffected subjects, available 20S proteasome activity was significantly elevated in severe cases of AD, an observation not previously noted. Taken together, our study establishes standardized approaches for comprehensive investigation of proteasomes in mammalian brain tissue, and we reveal new insight into brain proteasome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Türker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rahul A Bharadwaj
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cory J White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth S Margolis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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3
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Ielo L, Patamia V, Citarella A, Schirmeister T, Stagno C, Rescifina A, Micale N, Pace V. Selective noncovalent proteasome inhibiting activity of trifluoromethyl-containing gem-quaternary aziridines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300174. [PMID: 37119396 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) represents the principal proteolytic apparatus in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. Nowadays, proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are well-known as anticancer agents. However, although three of them have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating multiple myeloma and mantel cell lymphoma, they present several side effects and develop resistance. For these reasons, the development of new PIs with better pharmacological characteristics is needed. Recently, noncovalent inhibitors have gained much attention since they are less toxic as compared with covalent ones, providing an alternative mechanism for solid tumors. Herein, we describe a new class of bis-homologated chloromethyl(trifluoromethyl)aziridines as selective noncovalent PIs. In silico and in vitro studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of such compounds. Human gastrointestinal absorption (HIA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration were also considered together with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Sannino S, Yates ME, Schurdak ME, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wipf P, Brodsky JL. Unique integrated stress response sensors regulate cancer cell susceptibility when Hsp70 activity is compromised. eLife 2021; 10:64977. [PMID: 34180400 PMCID: PMC8275131 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, such as Hsp70, prevent proteotoxicity and maintain homeostasis. This is perhaps most evident in cancer cells, which overexpress Hsp70 and thrive even when harboring high levels of misfolded proteins. To define the response to proteotoxic challenges, we examined adaptive responses in breast cancer cells in the presence of an Hsp70 inhibitor. We discovered that the cells bin into distinct classes based on inhibitor sensitivity. Strikingly, the most resistant cells have higher autophagy levels, and autophagy was maximally activated only in resistant cells upon Hsp70 inhibition. In turn, resistance to compromised Hsp70 function required the integrated stress response transducer, GCN2, which is commonly associated with amino acid starvation. In contrast, sensitive cells succumbed to Hsp70 inhibition by activating PERK. These data reveal an unexpected route through which breast cancer cells adapt to proteotoxic insults and position GCN2 and autophagy as complementary mechanisms to ensure survival when proteostasis is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Megan E Yates
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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5
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Račková L, Csekes E. Proteasome Biology: Chemistry and Bioengineering Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2909. [PMID: 33291646 PMCID: PMC7761984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation provides the crucial machinery for maintaining cellular proteostasis. The biological origins of modulation or impairment of the function of proteasomal complexes may include changes in gene expression of their subunits, ubiquitin mutation, or indirect mechanisms arising from the overall impairment of proteostasis. However, changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the cellular environment might also meaningfully contribute to altered performance. This review summarizes the effects of physicochemical factors in the cell, such as pH, temperature fluctuations, and reactions with the products of oxidative metabolism, on the function of the proteasome. Furthermore, evidence of the direct interaction of proteasomal complexes with protein aggregates is compared against the knowledge obtained from immobilization biotechnologies. In this regard, factors such as the structures of the natural polymeric scaffolds in the cells, their content of reactive groups or the sequestration of metal ions, and processes at the interface, are discussed here with regard to their influences on proteasomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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6
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Zhan W, Singh PK, Ban Y, Qing X, Ah Kioon MD, Fan H, Zhao Q, Wang R, Sukenick G, Salmon J, Warren JD, Ma X, Barrat FJ, Nathan CF, Lin G. Structure-Activity Relationships of Noncovalent Immunoproteasome β5i-Selective Dipeptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13103-13123. [PMID: 33095579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome (i-20S) has emerged as a therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and hematological malignancies. Inhibition of the chymotryptic β5i subunit of i-20S inhibits T cell activation, B cell proliferation, and dendritic cell differentiation in vitro and suppresses immune responses in animal models of autoimmune disorders and allograft rejection. However, cytotoxicity to immune cells has accompanied the use of covalently reactive β5i inhibitors, whose activity against the constitutive proteasome (c-20S) is cumulative with the time of exposure. Herein, we report a structure-activity relationship study of a class of noncovalent proteasome inhibitors with picomolar potencies and 1000-fold selectivity for i-20S over c-20S. Furthermore, these inhibitors are specific for β5i over the other five active subunits of i-20S and c-20S, providing useful tools to study the functions of β5i in immune responses. The potency of these compounds in inhibiting human T cell activation suggests that they may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xiaoping Qing
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Quanju Zhao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- NMR Analytical Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, Room 1735, New York, New York 10065-6007, United States
| | - George Sukenick
- NMR Analytical Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, Room 1735, New York, New York 10065-6007, United States
| | - Jane Salmon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
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7
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Santoro AM, D’Urso A, Cunsolo A, Milardi D, Purrello R, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Diana D, Fattorusso R, Dato AD, Paladino A, Persico M, Coletta M, Fattorusso C. Cooperative Binding of the Cationic Porphyrin Tris-T4 Enhances Catalytic Activity of 20S Proteasome Unveiling a Complex Distribution of Functional States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197190. [PMID: 33003385 PMCID: PMC7582714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides new evidence that cationic porphyrins may be considered as tunable platforms to interfere with the structural “key code” present on the 20S proteasome α-rings and, by consequence, with its catalytic activity. Here, we describe the functional and conformational effects on the 20S proteasome induced by the cooperative binding of the tri-cationic 5-(phenyl)-10,15,20-(tri N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Tris-T4). Our integrated kinetic, NMR, and in silico analysis allowed us to disclose a complex effect on the 20S catalytic activity depending on substrate/porphyrin concentration. The analysis of the kinetic data shows that Tris-T4 shifts the relative populations of the multiple interconverting 20S proteasome conformations leading to an increase in substrate hydrolysis by an allosteric pathway. Based on our Tris-T4/h20S interaction model, Tris-T4 is able to affect gating dynamics and substrate hydrolysis by binding to an array of negatively charged and hydrophobic residues present on the protein surface involved in the 20S molecular activation by the regulatory proteins (RPs). Accordingly, despite the fact that Tris-T4 also binds to the α3ΔN mutant, allosteric modulation is not observed since the molecular mechanism connecting gate dynamics with substrate hydrolysis is impaired. We envisage that the dynamic view of the 20S conformational equilibria, activated through cooperative Tris-T4 binding, may work as a simplified model for a better understanding of the intricate network of 20S conformational/functional states that may be mobilized by exogenous ligands, paving the way for the development of a new generation of proteasome allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Santoro
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 9/18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Alessandra Cunsolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 9/18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Diego Sbardella
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (G.R.T.)
| | - Grazia R. Tundo
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (G.R.T.)
| | - Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Antonio Di Dato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonella Paladino
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.P.)
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (C.F.); Tel.: +39-06-72596365 (M.C.); +39-081-678544 (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.P.)
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (C.F.); Tel.: +39-06-72596365 (M.C.); +39-081-678544 (C.F.)
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8
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Zerfas BL, Coleman RA, Salazar-Chaparro AF, Macatangay NJ, Trader DJ. Fluorescent Probes with Unnatural Amino Acids to Monitor Proteasome Activity in Real-Time. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2588-2596. [PMID: 32786259 PMCID: PMC8319958 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is an essential protein complex that, when dysregulated, can result in various diseases in eukaryotic cells. As such, understanding the enzymatic activity of the proteasome and what can alter it is crucial to elucidating its roles in these diseases. This can be done effectively by using activity-based fluorescent substrate probes, of which there are many commercially available that target the individual protease-like subunits in the 20S CP of the proteasome. Unfortunately, these probes have not displayed appropriate characteristics for their use in live cell-based assays. In the work presented here, we have developed a set of probes which have shown improved fluorescence properties and selectivity toward the proteasome compared to other cellular proteases. By including unnatural amino acids, we have found probes which can be utilized in various applications, including monitoring the effects of small molecule stimulators of the proteasome in live cells and comparing the relative proteasome activity across different cancer cell types. In future studies, we expect the fluorescent probes presented here will serve as tools to support the discovery and characterization of small molecule modulators of proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna L. Zerfas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rachel A. Coleman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andres F. Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Macatangay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Zmuda F, Sastry L, Shepherd SM, Jones D, Scott A, Craggs PD, Cortes A, Gray DW, Torrie LS, De Rycker M. Identification of Novel Trypanosoma cruzi Proteasome Inhibitors Using a Luminescence-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00309-19. [PMID: 31307977 PMCID: PMC6709497 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00309-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a potentially life-threatening condition that has become a global issue. Current treatment is limited to two medicines that require prolonged dosing and are associated with multiple side effects, which often lead to treatment discontinuation and failure. One way to address these shortcomings is through target-based drug discovery on validated T. cruzi protein targets. One such target is the proteasome, which plays a crucial role in protein degradation and turnover through chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and caspase-like catalytic activities. In order to initiate a proteasome drug discovery program, we isolated proteasomes from T. cruzi epimastigotes and characterized their activity using a commercially available glow-like luminescence-based assay. We developed a high-throughput biochemical assay for the chymotrypsin-like activity of the T. cruzi proteasome, which was found to be sensitive, specific, and robust but prone to luminescence technology interference. To mitigate this, we also developed a counterscreen assay that identifies potential interferers at the levels of both the luciferase enzyme reporter and the mechanism responsible for a glow-like response. Interestingly, we also found that the peptide substrate for chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity was not specific and was likely partially turned over by other catalytic sites of the protein. Finally, we utilized these biochemical tools to screen 18,098 compounds, exploring diverse drug-like chemical space, which allowed us to identify 39 hits that were active in the primary screening assay and inactive in the counterscreen assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Zmuda
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitha Sastry
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M Shepherd
- Protein Production Team, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Deuan Jones
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Scott
- Protein Production Team, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Screening Compound Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Cortes
- Screening Compound Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Leah S Torrie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Manu De Rycker
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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10
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Giżyńska M, Witkowska J, Karpowicz P, Rostankowski R, Chocron ES, Pickering AM, Osmulski P, Gaczynska M, Jankowska E. Proline- and Arginine-Rich Peptides as Flexible Allosteric Modulators of Human Proteasome Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 62:359-370. [PMID: 30452262 PMCID: PMC6796967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Proline-
and arginine-rich peptide PR11 is an allosteric inhibitor
of 20S proteasome. We modified its sequence inter alia by introducing
HbYX, RYX, or RHbX C-terminal extensions (Hb, hydrophobic moiety;
R, arginine; Y, tyrosine; X, any residue). Consequently, we were able
to improve inhibitory potency or to convert inhibitors into strong
activators: the former with an aromatic penultimate Hb residue and
the latter with the HbYX motif. The PR peptide activator stimulated
20S proteasome in vitro to efficiently degrade protein substrates,
such as α-synuclein and enolase, but also activated proteasome
in cultured fibroblasts. The positive and negative PR modulators differently
influenced the proteasome conformational dynamics and affected opening
of the substrate entry pore. The resolved crystal structure showed
PR inhibitor bound far from the active sites, at the proteasome outer
face, in the pocket used by natural activators. Our studies indicate
the opportunity to tune proteasome activity by allosteric regulators
based on PR peptide scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Giżyńska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Julia Witkowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Przemysław Karpowicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Rafał Rostankowski
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Estrella S Chocron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies , University of Texas Health Science Center , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies , University of Texas Health Science Center , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Pawel Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Texas Health Science Center , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Texas Health Science Center , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Elżbieta Jankowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
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11
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Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Sabnis AJ, Stolz DB, Wallace CT, Wipf P, Watkins SC, Bivona TG, Brodsky JL. Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217760. [PMID: 30131440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Amit J Sabnis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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12
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N-Acyldopamine induces aggresome formation without proteasome inhibition and enhances protein aggregation via p62/SQSTM1 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9585. [PMID: 29941919 PMCID: PMC6018635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates is a common pathology associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases and selective autophagy plays a critical role in their elimination. Although aging-related decreases in protein degradation properties may enhance protein aggregation, it remains unclear whether proteasome dysfunction is indispensable for ubiquitinated-protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that N-oleoyl-dopamine and N-arachidonyl-dopamine, which are endogenous brain substances and belong to the N-acyldopamine (AcylDA) family, generate cellular inclusions through aggresome formation without proteasome inhibition. Although AcylDA itself does not inhibit proteasome activity in vitro, it activates the rearrangement of vimentin distribution to form a vimentin cage surrounding aggresomes and sequesters ubiquitinated proteins in aggresomes. The gene transcription of p62/SQSTM1 was significantly increased by AcylDAs, whereas the transcription of other ubiquitin-dependent autophagy receptors was unaffected. Genetic depletion of p62 resulted in the loss of ubiquitinated-protein sequestration in aggresomes, indicating that p62 is a critical component of aggresomes. Furthermore, AcylDAs accelerate the aggregation of mutant huntingtin exon 1 proteins. These results suggest that aggresome formation does not require proteasome dysfunction and AcylDA-induced aggresome formation may participate in forming cytoplasmic protein inclusions.
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13
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Götze S, Saborowski R, Martínez-Cruz O, Muhlia-Almazán A, Sánchez-Paz A. Proteasome properties of hemocytes differ between the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei and the brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Crustacea, Decapoda). Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:879-891. [PMID: 28646424 PMCID: PMC5655376 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans are intensively farmed in aquaculture facilities where they are vulnerable to parasites, bacteria, or viruses, often severely compromising the rearing success. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for the maintenance of cellular integrity. Analogous to higher vertebrates, the UPS of crustaceans may also play an important role in stress resistance and pathogen defense. We studied the general properties of the proteasome system in the hemocytes of the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and the European brown shrimp Crangon crangon. The 20S proteasome was the predominant proteasome population in the hemocytes of both species. The specific activities of the trypsin-like (Try-like), chymotrypsin-like (Chy-like), and caspase-like (Cas-like) enzymes of the shrimp proteasome differed between species. P. vannamei exhibited a higher ratio of Try-like to Chy-like activities and Cas-like to Chy-like activities than C. crangon. Notably, the Chy-like activity of P. vannamei showed substrate or product inhibition at concentrations of more than 25 mmol L-1. The K M values ranged from 0.072 mmol L-1 for the Try-like activity of P. vannamei to 0.309 mmol L-1 for the Cas-like activity of C. crangon. Inhibition of the proteasome of P. vannamei by proteasome inhibitors was stronger than in C. crangon. The pH profiles were similar in both species. The Try-like, Chy-like, and Cas-like sites showed the highest activities between pH 7.5 and 8.5. The proteasomes of both species were sensitive against repeated freezing and thawing losing ~80-90% of activity. This study forms the basis for future investigations on the shrimp response against infectious diseases, and the role of the UPS therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Götze
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 120161, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 120161, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Oliviert Martínez-Cruz
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazán
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Laboratorio de Referencia, Análisis y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Angeles, 83106, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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14
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Gleixner AM, Hutchison DF, Sannino S, Bhatia TN, Leak LC, Flaherty PT, Wipf P, Brodsky JL, Leak RK. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Protects Astrocytes against Proteotoxicity without Recourse to Glutathione. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:564-575. [PMID: 28830914 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) exhibits protective properties in brain injury models and has undergone a number of clinical trials. Most studies of NAC have focused on neurons. However, neuroprotection may be complemented by the protection of astrocytes because healthier astrocytes can better support the viability of neurons. Here, we show that NAC can protect astrocytes against protein misfolding stress (proteotoxicity), the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Furthermore, glutathione depletion failed to attenuate the protective effects of NAC. MG132 elicited a robust increase in the folding chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and NAC mitigated this effect. Nevertheless, three independent inhibitors of Hsp70 function ablated the protective effects of NAC, suggesting that NAC may help preserve Hsp70 chaperone activity and improve protein quality control without need for Hsp70 induction. Consistent with this view, NAC abolished an increase in ubiquitinated proteins in MG132-treated astrocytes. However, NAC did not affect the loss of proteasome activity in response to MG132, demonstrating that it boosted protein homeostasis and cell viability without directly interfering with the efficacy of this proteasome inhibitor. The thiol-containing molecules l-cysteine and d-cysteine both mimicked the protective effects of NAC, whereas the thiol-lacking molecule N-acetyl-S-methyl-l-cysteine failed to exert protection or blunt the rise in ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest that the thiol group in NAC is required for its effects on glial viability and protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Gleixner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Daniel F Hutchison
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Lillian C Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Patrick T Flaherty
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
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15
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Tan C, Lu X, Chen W, Chen S. Serum ubiquitin via CXC chemokine receptor 4 triggered cyclooxygenase-1 ubiquitination possibly involved in the pathogenesis of aspirin resistance. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:59-81. [PMID: 25267459 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ubiquitin (Ub) with platelet aggregation property was found higher in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Here we detected the platelet functions and serum Ub levels in 250 AMI patients and 50 healthy volunteers before and after aspirin treatment. The influence of serum Ub on platelet functions was determined in vitro. We found that 47 out of 250 AMI patients showed aspirin resistance (AR) and 203 showed aspirin sensitivity (AS). During hospitalization, AR group had higher serum Ub levels than the AS group or the healthy group, and the serum Ub levels was related to the rates of thrombosis events. The patients with higher serum Ub levels showed that the platelets had more ubiquitinated platelets, higher contents of ubiquitinated proteins and ubiquitinated cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). The levels of ubiquitinated COX-1 in the platelets was inversely correlated with acetylated COX-1, the separated ubiquitinated COX-1 activity was approximately twofold or fourfold higher than the total COX-1(ubiquitinated COX-1 and COX-1) or COX-1. In vitro, we found that extracellular Ub, via the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway, facilitated COX-1 to be ubiquitined and prevented aspirin to acetylate its target. Platelets had higher levels of ubiquitinated COX-1 showing poor response to aspirin. Such results were not detected in Ub-free serum or ovalbumin incubated platelets. Serum Ub, via the CXCR4 pathway, facilitated COX-1 to be ubiquitined and activated the platelets possibly involved in the pathogenesis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Tan
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Wenlie Chen
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Songming Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shantou University, Guangdong, China
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16
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Federspiel JD, Codreanu SG, Goyal S, Albertolle ME, Lowe E, Teague J, Wong H, Guengerich FP, Liebler DC. Specificity of Protein Covalent Modification by the Electrophilic Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib in Human Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3233-3242. [PMID: 27503896 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor that is Food and Drug Administration and European Commission approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. CFZ is an epoxomicin derivative with an epoxyketone electrophilic warhead that irreversibly adducts the catalytic threonine residue of the β5 subunit of the proteasome. Although CFZ produces a highly potent, sustained inactivation of the proteasome, the electrophilic nature of the drug could potentially produce off-target protein adduction. To address this possibility, we synthesized an alkynyl analog of CFZ and investigated protein adduction by this analog in HepG2 cells. Using click chemistry coupled with streptavidin based IP and shotgun tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we identified two off-target proteins, cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) and glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), as targets of the alkynyl CFZ probe. We confirmed the adduction of CYP27A1 and GSTO1 by streptavidin capture and immunoblotting methodology and then site-specifically mapped the adducts with targeted MS/MS methods. Although CFZ adduction of CYP27A1 and GSTO1 in vitro decreased the activities of these enzymes, the small fraction of these proteins modified by CFZ in intact cells should limit the impact of these off-target modifications. The data support the high selectivity of CFZ for covalent modification of its therapeutic targets, despite the presence of a reactive electrophile. The approach we describe offers a generalizable method to evaluate the safety profile of covalent protein-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Federspiel
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew E Albertolle
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Lowe
- §Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary, San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Juli Teague
- §Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary, San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hansen Wong
- §Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary, San Francisco, California 94080
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee;
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17
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Schrader J, Henneberg F, Mata RA, Tittmann K, Schneider TR, Stark H, Bourenkov G, Chari A. The inhibition mechanism of human 20Sproteasomes enables next-generation inhibitor design. Science 2016; 353:594-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Sun P, Feng LX, Zhang DM, Liu M, Liu W, Mi T, Wu WY, Jiang BH, Yang M, Hu LH, Guo DA, Liu X. Bufalin derivative BF211 inhibits proteasome activity in human lung cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting β1 subunit expression and disrupting proteasome assembly. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:908-18. [PMID: 27238210 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bufalin is one of the active components in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu that is used to treat arrhythmia, inflammation and cancer. BF211 is a bufalin derivative with stronger cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to identify the putative target proteins of BF211 and the signaling pathways in cancer cells. METHODS A549 human lung cancer cells were treated with BF211. A SILAC-based proteomic analysis was used to detect the protein expression profiles of BF211-treated A549 cells. Cellular proteasome activities were examined using fluorogenic peptide substrates, and the binding affinities of BF211 to recombinant proteasome subunit proteins were evaluated using the Biacore assay. The expression levels of proteasome subunits were determined using RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the levels of the integral 26S proteasome were evaluated using native PAGE analysis. RESULTS The proteomic analysis revealed that 1282 proteins were differentially expressed in BF211-treated A549 cells, and the putative target proteins of BF211 were associated with various cellular functions, including transcription, translation, mRNA splicing, ribosomal protein synthesis and proteasome function. In A549 cells, BF211 (5, 10, and 20 nmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the enzymatic activities of proteasome. But BF211 displayed a moderate affinity in binding to proteasome β1 subunit and no binding affinity to the β2 and β5 subunits. Moreover, BF211 (0.1, 1, and 10 nmol/L) did not inhibit the proteasome activities in the cell lysates. BF211 (5, 10, and 20 nmol/L) significantly decreased the expression level of proteasome β1 subunit and the levels of integral 26S proteasome in A549 cells. Similarly, knockdown of the β1 subunit with siRNA in A549 cells significantly decreased integral 26S proteasome and proteasome activity. CONCLUSION BF211 inhibits proteasome activity in A549 cells by decreasing β1 subunit expression and disrupting proteasome assembly.
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19
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Liepe J, Holzhütter HG, Bellavista E, Kloetzel PM, Stumpf MPH, Mishto M. Quantitative time-resolved analysis reveals intricate, differential regulation of standard- and immuno-proteasomes. eLife 2015; 4:e07545. [PMID: 26393687 PMCID: PMC4611054 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal protein degradation is a key determinant of protein half-life and hence of cellular processes ranging from basic metabolism to a host of immunological processes. Despite its importance the mechanisms regulating proteasome activity are only incompletely understood. Here we use an iterative and tightly integrated experimental and modelling approach to develop, explore and validate mechanistic models of proteasomal peptide-hydrolysis dynamics. The 20S proteasome is a dynamic enzyme and its activity varies over time because of interactions between substrates and products and the proteolytic and regulatory sites; the locations of these sites and the interactions between them are predicted by the model, and experimentally supported. The analysis suggests that the rate-limiting step of hydrolysis is the transport of the substrates into the proteasome. The transport efficiency varies between human standard- and immuno-proteasomes thereby impinging upon total degradation rate and substrate cleavage-site usage. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07545.001 Cells have to be able to reliably destroy or remove molecules from their interior that they no longer need. Structures called proteasomes play a central part in this complex process by cutting up and digesting proteins. Mammals have several different types of proteasomes, each made up of several protein ‘subunits’. For example, when a cell experiences inflammation some proteasomes change some of their subunits and form an immuno-proteasome. These immuno-proteasomes tend to break down proteins more quickly than ‘standard’ proteasomes, but it was not clear how they are able to do so. Liepe et al. have now combined experiments and mathematical modelling to construct a detailed model of proteasome activity. The model shows that protein transport into and out of the proteasome chamber are the steps that limit how quickly the proteasomes can break down proteins. Furthermore, these transport processes are also to a large extent responsible for the different rates at which standard and immuno-proteasomes process proteins. Liepe et al. were also able to confirm the existence of regulatory sites within the proteasome, and describe how these are arranged. Problems that alter the rate at which proteasomes break down proteins have been linked to tumors and neurological and autoimmune diseases. Liepe et al.'s model opens up the ability to study how the proteasome's activity is affected by drugs and therefore makes it easier to investigate ways of interfering with this activity for therapeutic purposes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07545.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Liepe
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elena Bellavista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael P H Stumpf
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Luigi Galvani, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Giampieri E, De Cecco M, Remondini D, Sedivy J, Castellani G. Active Degradation Explains the Distribution of Nuclear Proteins during Cellular Senescence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118442. [PMID: 26115222 PMCID: PMC4483236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of cellular proteins is a crucial parameter that is known to vary between cells as a function of the replicative passages, and can be important during physiological aging. The process of protein degradation is known to be performed by a series of enzymatic reactions, ranging from an initial step of protein ubiquitination to their final fragmentation by the proteasome. In this paper we propose a stochastic dynamical model of nuclear proteins concentration resulting from a balance between a constant production of proteins and their degradation by a cooperative enzymatic reaction. The predictions of this model are compared with experimental data obtained by fluorescence measurements of the amount of nuclear proteins in murine tail fibroblast (MTF) undergoing cellular senescence. Our model provides a three-parameter stationary distribution that is in good agreement with the experimental data even during the transition to the senescent state, where the nuclear protein concentration changes abruptly. The estimation of three parameters (cooperativity, saturation threshold, and maximal velocity of the reaction), and their evolution during replicative passages shows that only the maximal velocity varies significantly. Based on our modeling we speculate the reduction of functionality of the protein degradation mechanism as a possible competitive inhibition of the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy and INFN Bologna
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco De Cecco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy and INFN Bologna
| | - John Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy and INFN Bologna
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21
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Smuder AJ, Nelson WB, Hudson MB, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway does not protect against ventilator-induced accelerated proteolysis or atrophy in the diaphragm. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:115-26. [PMID: 24681580 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, prolonged MV results in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD), a condition characterized by both diaphragm fiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Previous work has shown that calpain, caspase-3, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) are all activated in the diaphragm during prolonged MV. However, although it is established that both calpain and caspase-3 are important contributors to VIDD, the role that the UPP plays in the development of VIDD remains unknown. These experiments tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the UPP will protect the diaphragm against VIDD. METHODS The authors tested this prediction in an established animal model of MV using a highly specific UPP inhibitor, epoxomicin, to prevent MV-induced activation of the proteasome in the diaphragm (n = 8 per group). RESULTS The results of this study reveal that inhibition of the UPP did not prevent ventilator-induced diaphragm muscle fiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction during 12 h of MV. Also, inhibition of the UPP does not affect MV-induced increases in calpain and caspase-3 activity in the diaphragm. Finally, administration of the proteasome inhibitor did not protect against the MV-induced increases in the expression of the E3 ligases, muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), and atrogin-1/MaFbx. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate that proteasome activation does not play a required role in VIDD development during the first 12 h of MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Smuder
- From the Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.J.S., S.K.P.); Division of Mathematics, Computer, and Natural Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio (W.B.N.); Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.B.H.); and School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (A.N.K.)
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22
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Liepe J, Holzhütter HG, Kloetzel PM, Stumpf MPH, Mishto M. Modelling proteasome and proteasome regulator activities. Biomolecules 2014; 4:585-99. [PMID: 24970232 PMCID: PMC4101499 DOI: 10.3390/biom4020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are key proteases involved in a variety of processes ranging from the clearance of damaged proteins to the presentation of antigens to CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Which cleavage sites are used within the target proteins and how fast these proteins are degraded have a profound impact on immune system function and many cellular metabolic processes. The regulation of proteasome activity involves different mechanisms, such as the substitution of the catalytic subunits, the binding of regulatory complexes to proteasome gates and the proteasome conformational modifications triggered by the target protein itself. Mathematical models are invaluable in the analysis; and potentially allow us to predict the complex interactions of proteasome regulatory mechanisms and the final outcomes of the protein degradation rate and MHC class I epitope generation. The pioneering attempts that have been made to mathematically model proteasome activity, cleavage preference variation and their modification by one of the regulatory mechanisms are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Liepe
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael P H Stumpf
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Michele Mishto
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Differential global structural changes in the core particle of yeast and mouse proteasome induced by ligand binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9479-84. [PMID: 24979800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408018111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two clusters of configurations of the main proteolytic subunit β5 were identified by principal component analysis of crystal structures of the yeast proteasome core particle (yCP). The apo-cluster encompasses unliganded species and complexes with nonpeptidic ligands, and the pep-cluster comprises complexes with peptidic ligands. The murine constitutive CP structures conform to the yeast system, with the apo-form settled in the apo-cluster and the PR-957 (a peptidic ligand) complex in the pep-cluster. In striking contrast, the murine immune CP classifies into the pep-cluster in both the apo and the PR-957-liganded species. The two clusters differ essentially by multiple small structural changes and a domain motion enabling enclosure of the peptidic ligand and formation of specific hydrogen bonds in the pep-cluster. The immune CP species is in optimal peptide binding configuration also in its apo form. This favors productive ligand binding and may help to explain the generally increased functional activity of the immunoproteasome. Molecular dynamics simulations of the representative murine species are consistent with the experimentally observed configurations. A comparison of all 28 subunits of the unliganded species with the peptidic liganded forms demonstrates a greatly enhanced plasticity of β5 and suggests specific signaling pathways to other subunits.
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24
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Chang X, Zhu Y, Shi C, Stewart AK. Mechanism of immunomodulatory drugs' action in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:240-53. [PMID: 24374776 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, are widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the molecular mechanism of IMiDs' action is largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the application of IMiDs in MM cancer treatment as well as their effects on immunomodulatory activities, anti-angiogenic activities, intervention of cell surface adhesion molecules between myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-proliferation, pro-apoptotic effects, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration and metastasis. In addition, the potential IMiDs' target protein, IMiDs' target protein's functional role, and the potential molecular mechanisms of IMiDs resistance will be discussed. We wish, by presentation of our naive discussion, that this review article will facilitate further investigation in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubao Chang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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25
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Livinskaya VA, Barlev NA, Nikiforov AA. Immunoaffinity purification of the functional 20S proteasome from human cells via transient overexpression of specific proteasome subunits. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 97:37-43. [PMID: 24583181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-subunit proteolytic complex that plays a central role in protein degradation in all eukaryotic cells. It regulates many vital cellular processes therefore its dysfunction can lead to various pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. Isolation of enzymatically active proteasomes is a key step to the successful study of the proteasome regulation and functions. Here we describe a simple and efficient protocol for immunoaffinity purification of the functional 20S proteasomes from human HEK 293T cells after transient overexpression of specific proteasome subunits tagged with 3xFLAG. To construct 3xFLAG-fusion proteins, DNA sequences encoding the 20S proteasome subunits PSMB5, PSMA5, and PSMA3 were cloned into mammalian expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-1a. The corresponding recombinant proteins PSMB5-3xFLAG, PSMA5-3xFLAG, or PSMA3-3xFLAG were transiently overexpressed in human HEK 293T cells and were shown to be partially incorporated into the intact proteasome complexes. 20S proteasomes were immunoprecipitated from HEK 293T cell extracts under mild conditions using antibodies against FLAG peptide. Isolation of highly purified 20S proteasomes were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using antibodies against different proteasome subunits. Affinity purified 20S proteasomes were shown to possess chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like peptidase activities confirming their functionality. This simple single-step affinity method of the 20S proteasome purification can be instrumental to subsequent functional studies of proteasomes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Livinskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey A Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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26
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Hakozaki T, Laughlin T, Zhao S, Wang J, Deng D, Jewell-Motz E, Elstun L. A regulator of ubiquitin-proteasome activity, 2-hexyldecanol, suppresses melanin synthesis and the appearance of facial hyperpigmented spots. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169 Suppl 2:39-44. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hakozaki
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
| | - T. Laughlin
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
| | - S. Zhao
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
| | - J. Wang
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
| | - D. Deng
- P&G Technology Beijing Co., Ltd; No. 35 Yu'an Road B Zone; Shunyi District; Beijing; China
| | - E. Jewell-Motz
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
| | - L. Elstun
- The Procter & Gamble Company; 8700 Mason Montgomery Road; Mason; OH; U.S.A
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27
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Pehere AD, Pietsch M, Gütschow M, Neilsen PM, Pedersen DS, Nguyen S, Zvarec O, Sykes MJ, Callen DF, Abell AD. Synthesis and extended activity of triazole-containing macrocyclic protease inhibitors. Chemistry 2013; 19:7975-81. [PMID: 23606616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-derived protease inhibitors are an important class of compounds with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a series of triazole-containing macrocyclic protease inhibitors pre-organized into a β-strand conformation and an evaluation of their activity against a panel of proteases. Acyclic azido-alkyne-based aldehydes are also evaluated for comparison. The macrocyclic peptidomimetics showed considerable activity towards calpain II, cathepsin L and S, and the 20S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity. Some of the first examples of highly potent macrocyclic inhibitors of cathepsin S were identified. These adopt a well-defined β-strand geometry as shown by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok D Pehere
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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28
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Desvergne A, Genin E, Maréchal X, Gallastegui N, Dufau L, Richy N, Groll M, Vidal J, Reboud-Ravaux M. Dimerized Linear Mimics of a Natural Cyclopeptide (TMC-95A) Are Potent Noncovalent Inhibitors of the Eukaryotic 20S Proteasome. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3367-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Desvergne
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Maréchal
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nerea Gallastegui
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science, Department Chemie Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichetenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Laure Dufau
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science, Department Chemie Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichetenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Joëlle Vidal
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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29
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Painuly U, Kumar S. Efficacy of bortezomib as first-line treatment for patients with multiple myeloma. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2013; 7:53-73. [PMID: 23492937 PMCID: PMC3588852 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a dramatic change in the approach towards diagnosing and treating Multiple Myeloma. Newer and more target specific approach to treatment has prolonged the survival for patients with multiple myeloma. The proteasome inhibitors make an important class of anti-myeloma drugs that disrupts the proteolytic machinery of the tumor cells preferentially, enhancing their susceptibility to apoptosis. Bortezomib, in particular has shown significant clinical efficacy in myeloma treatment. It is the most commonly used proteasome inhibitor and has been tested to be effective in prolonging the overall survival in several trials. Its combinations with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone are the treatment of choice for standard risk patients following the mSMART guidelines. The success with its lower dosage in elderly and its proven efficacious subcutaneous usage makes Bortezomib a useful agent for maximizing patient compliance and minimizing therapy related toxicity and costs. This review discusses several trials where Bortezomib has been used as a single/combination agent for front-line treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Painuly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Charles University Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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30
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Both high level pressure support ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation induce diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1254-60. [PMID: 22425820 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31823c8cc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous workers have demonstrated that controlled mechanical ventilation results in diaphragm inactivity and elicits a rapid development of diaphragm weakness as a result of both contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy. Limited data exist regarding the impact of pressure support ventilation, a commonly used mode of mechanical ventilation-that permits partial mechanical activity of the diaphragm-on diaphragm structure and function. We carried out the present study to test the hypothesis that high-level pressure support ventilation decreases the diaphragm pathology associated with CMV. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups:1) control (no mechanical ventilation); 2) 12 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (12CMV); 3) 18 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (18CMV); 4) 12 hrs of pressure support ventilation (12PSV); or 5) 18 hrs of pressure support ventilation (18PSV). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We carried out the following measurements on diaphragm specimens: 4-hydroxynonenal-a marker of oxidative stress, active caspase-3 (casp-3), active calpain-1 (calp-1), fiber type cross-sectional area, and specific force (sp F). Compared with the control, both 12PSV and 18PSV promoted a significant decrement in diaphragmatic specific force production, but to a lesser degree than 12CMV and 18CMV. Furthermore, 12CMV, 18PSV, and 18CMV resulted in significant atrophy in all diaphragm fiber types as well as significant increases in a biomarker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal) and increased proteolytic activity (20S proteasome, calpain-1, and caspase-3). Furthermore, although no inspiratory effort occurs during controlled mechanical ventilation, it was observed that pressure support ventilation resulted in large decrement, approximately 96%, in inspiratory effort compared with spontaneously breathing animals. CONCLUSIONS High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation.
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31
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Nuclear factor-κB signaling contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness*. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:927-34. [PMID: 22080641 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182374a84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although mechanical ventilation is a life-saving measure for patients in respiratory failure, prolonged mechanical ventilation results in diaphragmatic weakness attributable to fiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Therefore, identifying the signaling pathways responsible for mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness is important. In this context, it is established that oxidative stress is required for mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness to occur. Numerous redox-sensitive signaling pathways exist in muscle including the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Although it has been suggested that nuclear factor-κB contributes to proteolytic signaling in inactivity-induced atrophy in locomotor muscles, the role that nuclear factor-κB plays in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that nuclear factor-κB activation plays a key signaling role in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness and that oxidative stress is required for nuclear factor-κB activation. DESIGN Cause and effect was determined by independently treating mechanically ventilated animals with either a specific nuclear factor-κB inhibitor (SN50) or a clinically relevant antioxidant (curcumin). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity partially attenuated both mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Further, treatment with the antioxidant curcumin prevented mechanical ventilation-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB in the diaphragm and rescued the diaphragm from both mechanical ventilation-induced atrophy and contractile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that nuclear factor-κB activation plays a significant signaling role in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness and that oxidative stress is an upstream activator of nuclear factor-κB. Finally, our results suggest that prevention of mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm could be a useful clinical strategy to prevent or delay mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness.
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32
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Proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2362-8. [PMID: 22377673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome, a large multicatalytic proteinase complex that plays an important role in processing of proteins, has been shown to possess multiple catalytic activities. Among its various activities, the 'chymotrypsin-like' activity of proteasome has emerged as the focus of drug discovery efforts in cancer therapy. Herein we report chiral boronate derived novel, potent, selective and cell-permeable peptidomimetic inhibitors 6 and 7 that displayed activity against various rodent and human tumor cell lines (in vitro).
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Abstract
In May 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the use of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib as a third-line therapy in multiple myeloma, and the European Union followed suit a year later. Bortezomib has subsequently been approved for multiple myeloma as a second-line treatment on its own and as a first-line therapy in combination with an alkylating agent and a corticosteroid. Furthermore, bortezomib has also been approved as a second-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. In this chapter, the focus is on the current clinical research on bortezomib, its adverse effects, and the resistance of multiple myeloma patients to bortezomib-based therapy. The various applications of bortezomib in different diseases and recent advances in the development of a new generation of inhibitors that target the proteasome or other parts of the ubiquitin-proteasome system are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cvek
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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34
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ZAIKIN A, MITRA AK, GOLDOBIN DS, KURTHS J. INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT RATES ON THE PROTEIN DEGRADATION BY PROTEASOMES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048006000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We discuss how translocation properties of the 20S proteasome influence its length distribution, one of its most important feature for the normal functioning of the immune system. For this we consider a simple one-channel proteasome model and assume that the protein transport depends significantly on the length of a protein located inside the proteasome chamber. Using the master equation approach we show analytically that the length distribution with one dominating peak, observed in the experiments, can be achieved if the transport rate function is in a certain relation with cleavage probabilities and the geometry of a proteasome. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations of the protein degradation by the proteasome performed using the modified Gillespie algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. ZAIKIN
- Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A. K. MITRA
- Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D. S. GOLDOBIN
- Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J. KURTHS
- Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1749-59. [PMID: 21460706 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182190b62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention used to provide adequate pulmonary ventilation in patients suffering from respiratory failure. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with significant diaphragmatic weakness resulting from both myofiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Although several signaling pathways contribute to diaphragm weakness during mechanical ventilation, it is established that oxidative stress is required for diaphragmatic weakness to occur. Therefore, identifying the site(s) of mechanical ventilation- induced reactive oxygen species production in the diaphragm is important. OBJECTIVE These experiments tested the hypothesis that elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission is required for mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress, atrophy, and contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. DESIGN Cause and effect was determined by preventing mechanical ventilation-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission in the diaphragm of rats using a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SS-31). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared to mechanically ventilated animals treated with saline, animals treated with SS-31 were protected against mechanical ventilation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protease activation in the diaphragm. Importantly, treatment of animals with the mitochondrial antioxidant also protected the diaphragm against mechanical ventilation-induced myofiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that prevention of mechanical ventilation-induced increases in diaphragmatic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission protects the diaphragm from mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness. This important new finding indicates that mitochondria are a primary source of reactive oxygen species production in the diaphragm during prolonged mechanical ventilation. These results could lead to the development of a therapeutic intervention to impede mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness.
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Circulating extracellular proteasome in the cerebrospinal fluid: a study on concentration and proteolytic activity. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:509-15. [PMID: 21881828 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are found in neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system, as well as in its malignancies. Inhibitory substrates of the proteasomes represent promising approaches to control autoimmune inflammations and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Extracellular circulating proteasomes are positively correlated to outcome prognosis in hematogenic neoplasias and the outcome in critically ill patients. Previously, we reported raised levels of proteolytic active 20S proteasomes in the extracellular alveolar space in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For the cerebrospinal fluid, we assumed that extracellular circulating proteasomes with enzymatic activity can be found, too. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of twenty-six patients (14 females, 12 males), who underwent diagnostic spinal myelography, were analyzed for leukocyte cell count, total protein content, lactate and interleukine-6 (Il-6) concentrations. CSF samples were analyzed for concentration and enzymatic activity of extracellular 20S proteasomes (fluorescenic substrate cleavage; femtokatal). Blood samples were analyzed with respect to concentration of extracellular circulating proteasomes. Choroidal plexus was harvested at autopsies and examined with immunoelectron microscopy (EM) for identification of possible transportation mechanisms. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (18.0.3). In all patients, extracellular proteasome was found in the CSF. The mean concentration was 24.6 ng/ml. Enzymatic activity of the 20S subunits of proteasomes was positively identified by the fluorescenic subtrate cleavage at a mean of 8.5 fkat/ml. Concentrations of extracellular proteasomes in the CSF, total protein content and Il-6 were uncorrelated. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed merging vesicles of proteasomes with the outer cell membrane suggestive of an exozytic transport mechanism. For the first time, extracellular circulating 20S proteasome in the CSF of healthy individuals is identified and its enzymatic activity detected. A possible exozytic vesicle-bond transportation mechanism is suggested by immunoelectron microscopy. The present study raises more questions on the function of extracellular proteasome in the CSF and encourages further studies on the role of extracellular protesomes in pathological conditions of the central nervous system (tumor lesions and inflammatory processes).
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Goichon A, Coëffier M, Claeyssens S, Lecleire S, Cailleux AF, Bôle-Feysot C, Chan P, Donnadieu N, Lerebours E, Lavoinne A, Boyer O, Vaudry D, Déchelotte P. Effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:784-94. [PMID: 21795435 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the glucose supply reduces postoperative insulin resistance and improves patient outcomes. However, the effects of luminal glucose on intestinal mucosal proteins remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa. DESIGN Twenty healthy volunteers received a 5-h enteral infusion of either saline or glucose (0.12 g · kg(-1) · h(-1)). Simultaneously, a continuous intravenous infusion of l-[1-(13)C]leucine (12 μmol · kg(-1) · h(-1)) was maintained until endoscopy. The duodenal mucosal protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was calculated from leucine enrichments assessed in protein and free amino acid pools by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cathepsin D, calpains, and chymotrypsin-like proteasome mucosal activities were evaluated by using specific fluorogenic substrates. A 2-dimensional PAGE-based comparative proteomics analysis was also performed on additional duodenal mucosal biopsy samples to identify differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS Duodenal mucosal protein FSR and protease activities were not affected by glucose infusion relative to saline. Nevertheless, the comparative proteomics analysis indicated that 10 protein spots were significantly differentially expressed (ie, at least ±1.5-fold modulated; Student's t test, P < 0.05) in response to the glucose infusion relative to saline. Of the 8 proteins identified by mass spectrometry, α-enolase, cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase, and glutathione S-transferase ω-1 were upregulated, whereas epoxide hydrolase 2 was downregulated. CONCLUSION Enteral glucose supply affected neither duodenal mucosal protein FSR nor activities of mucosal proteases but altered the duodenal mucosal proteome by modulating the expression of several enzymes involved mainly in carbohydrate and xenobiotic metabolism. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00213551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goichon
- ADEN EA, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France
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Chemical and biological evaluation of dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors for use in prodrugs and pro-soft drugs targeting solid tumors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4365-77. [PMID: 21634429 DOI: 10.1021/jm200460q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib, a dipeptidyl boronic acid and potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, is remarkably effective against multiple myeloma (MM) but not against solid tumors. Dose-limiting adverse effects from "on target" inhibition of the proteasome in normal cells and tissues appear to be a key obstacle. Achieving efficacy against solid tumors therefore is likely to require making the inhibitor more selective for tumor tissue over normal tissues. The simplest strategy that might provide such tissue specificity would be to employ a tumor specific protease to release an inhibitor from a larger, noninhibitory structure. However, such release would necessarily generate an inhibitor with a free N-terminal amino group, raising a key question: Can short peptide boronic acids with N-terminal amino groups have the requisite properties to serve as warheads in prodrugs? Here we show that dipeptides of boroLeu, the smallest plausible candidates for the task, can indeed be sufficiently potent, cell-penetrating, cytotoxic, and stable to degradation by cellular peptidases to serve in this capacity.
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Myeku N, Figueiredo-Pereira ME. Dynamics of the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by proteasomes and autophagy: association with sequestosome 1/p62. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22426-40. [PMID: 21536669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.149252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteotoxicity resulting from accumulation of damaged/unwanted proteins contributes prominently to cellular aging and neurodegeneration. Proteasomal removal of these proteins upon covalent polyubiquitination is highly regulated. Recent reports proposed a role for autophagy in clearance of diffuse ubiquitinated proteins delivered by p62/SQSTM1. Here, we compared the turnover dynamics of endogenous ubiquitinated proteins by proteasomes and autophagy by assessing the effect of their inhibitors. Autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1, ammonium chloride, and 3-methyladenine failed to increase ubiquitinated protein levels. The proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin raised ubiquitinated protein levels at least 3-fold higher than the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine. These trends were observed in SK-N-SH cells under serum or serum-free conditions and in WT or Atg5(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Notably, chloroquine considerably inhibited proteasomes in SK-N-SH cells and MEFs. In these cells, elevation of p62/SQSTM1 was greater upon proteasome inhibition than with all autophagy inhibitors tested and was reduced in Atg5(-/-) MEFs. With epoxomicin, soluble p62/SQSTM1 associated with proteasomes and p62/SQSTM1 aggregates contained inactive proteasomes, ubiquitinated proteins, and autophagosomes. Prolonged autophagy inhibition (96 h) failed to elevate ubiquitinated proteins in rat cortical neurons, although epoxomicin did. Moreover, prolonged autophagy inhibition in cortical neurons markedly increased p62/SQSTM1, supporting its degradation mainly by autophagy and not by proteasomes. In conclusion, we clearly demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy fails to elevate ubiquitinated proteins unless the proteasome is affected. We also provide strong evidence that p62/SQSTM1 associates with proteasomes and that autophagy degrades p62/SQSTM1. Overall, the function of p62/SQSTM1 in the proteasomal pathway and autophagy requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natura Myeku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Nayak MK, Kumar K, Dash D. Regulation of proteasome activity in activated human platelets. Cell Calcium 2011; 49:226-32. [PMID: 21388679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system has emerged a central player in regulation of diverse cellular processes. However, relevance of proteasome activity in platelets, which are terminally differentiated enucleate cells, is not clear. In this report we show that activation of platelets with physiological agonists was associated with 7-10 -fold rise in proteasomal activity. Elevation of cytosolic calcium with A23187 or thapsigargin resulted in significant increase in enzymatic activity, while treatment with intracellular calcium chelator or inhibitor of inositol trisphosphate receptor attenuated proteasomal enzymes in collagen-stimulated platelets. Specific inhibitors of protein kinase C as well as calpain, too, downregulated proteasome function. To conclude, proteasomal enzymatic activity in platelets is regulated by cytosolic calcium through Ca(2+)-dependent downstream effectors like calpain and protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Gryder BE, Guerrant W, Chen CH, Oyelere AK. Oxathiazole-2-one derivative of bortezomib: Synthesis, stability and proteasome inhibition activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mathieson W, Castro-Borges W, Wilson RA. The proteasome-ubiquitin pathway in the Schistosoma mansoni egg has development- and morphology-specific characteristics. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 175:118-25. [PMID: 20970460 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni eggs, consisting of an ovum surrounded by nutritive vitelline cells packaged in a tanned protein shell, are produced by paired worms residing in the mesenteric veins of the human host. The vitelline cells are degraded as the larval miracidium matures, the fully developed egg either crossing the gut wall to escape the host or becoming lodged in the host's tissues where it dies and disintegrates, inducing a potentially pathological immune response. Thus, the egg is central to both the transmission of the parasite and the aetiology of the disease. Here we present the first study investigating protein turnover in the egg. We establish that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) changes with egg development and furthermore, that the morphological components of the fully developed egg (the miracidium and the subshell envelope) also exhibit different proteasome subunit expression profiles. We conclude that the UPP is responsible not only for degrading the vitelline cells but is also more highly developed in the envelope than in the miracidium. The envelope is involved in the defence of the miracidium and produces the proteins that the egg secretes, presumably to facilitate its escape from the host, so the UPP probably has a multi-faceted role in the egg's biology.
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Lin G, Li D, Chidawanyika T, Nathan C, Li H. Fellutamide B is a potent inhibitor of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:214-20. [PMID: 20558127 PMCID: PMC2930046 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Via high-throughput screening of a natural compound library, we have identified a lipopeptide aldehyde, fellutamide B (1), as the most potent inhibitor of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteasome tested to date. Kinetic studies reveal that 1 inhibits both Mtb and human proteasomes in a time-dependent manner under steady-state condition. Remarkably, 1 inhibits the Mtb proteasome in a single-step binding mechanism with K(i)=6.8 nM, whereas it inhibits the human proteasome beta5 active site following a two-step mechanism with K(i)=11.5 nM and K(i)(*)=0.93 nM. Co-crystallization of 1 bound to the Mtb proteasome revealed a structural basis for the tight binding of 1 to the active sites of the Mtb proteasome. The hemiacetal group of 1 in the Mtb proteasome takes the (R)-configuration, whereas in the yeast proteasome it takes the (S)-configuration, indicating that the pre-chiral CHO group of 1 binds to the active site Thr1 in a different orientation. Re-examination of the structure of the yeast proteasome in complex with 1 showed significant conformational changes at the substrate-binding cleft along the active site. These structural differences are consistent with the different kinetic mechanisms of 1 against Mtb and human proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Gang Lin, tel: 212-746-2984; fax: 212-746-8536; ; Huilin Li, tel: 6313442931; fax: 631-344-3407;
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973
| | - Tamutenda Chidawanyika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Gang Lin, tel: 212-746-2984; fax: 212-746-8536; ; Huilin Li, tel: 6313442931; fax: 631-344-3407;
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Levine S, Biswas C, Dierov J, Barsotti R, Shrager JB, Nguyen T, Sonnad S, Kucharchzuk JC, Kaiser LR, Singhal S, Budak MT. Increased proteolysis, myosin depletion, and atrophic AKT-FOXO signaling in human diaphragm disuse. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:483-90. [PMID: 20833824 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200910-1487oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients on mechanical ventilation who exhibit diaphragm inactivity for a prolonged time (case subjects) develop decreases in diaphragm force-generating capacity accompanied by diaphragm myofiber atrophy. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to test the hypotheses that increased proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, decreases in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) levels, and atrophic AKT-FOXO signaling play major roles in eliciting these pathological changes associated with diaphragm disuse. METHODS Biopsy specimens were obtained from the costal diaphragms of 18 case subjects before harvest (cases) and compared with intraoperative specimens from the diaphragms of 11 patients undergoing surgery for benign lesions or localized lung cancer (control subjects). Case subjects had diaphragm inactivity and underwent mechanical ventilation for 18 to 72 hours, whereas this state in controls was limited to 2 to 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS With respect to proteolysis in cytoplasm fractions, case diaphragms exhibited greater levels of ubiquitinated-protein conjugates, increased activity of the 26S proteasome, and decreased levels of MyHCs and α-actin. With respect to atrophic signaling in nuclear fractions, case diaphragms exhibited decreases in phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated FOXO1, increased binding to consensus DNA sequence for Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, and increased supershift of DNA-FOXO1 complexes with specific antibodies against FOXO1, as well as increased Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 transcripts in whole myofiber lysates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, marked decreases in MyHCs, and atrophic AKT-FOXO signaling play important roles in eliciting the myofiber atrophy and decreases in diaphragm force generation associated with prolonged human diaphragm disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanford Levine
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Sixt SU, Adamzik M, Spyrka D, Saul B, Hakenbeck J, Wohlschlaeger J, Costabel U, Kloss A, Giesebrecht J, Dahlmann B, Peters J. Alveolar extracellular 20S proteasome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:1098-106. [PMID: 19286628 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200802-199oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Repair mechanisms resulting in alveolar protein degradation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To test whether the 20S proteasome is present and functional in the alveolar space in patients with ARDS. METHODS Proteasome antigenic concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatants was measured by ELISA in patients with ARDS (n = 64), acute lung injury (ALI) (n = 8), sarcoidosis (n = 13), and in healthy subjects (n = 8). Cleavage of specific fluorogenic substrates (+/-epoxomicin), I(125) albumin degradation rate, and gel filtration were used to quantify and characterize proteasomal activity. The presence of proteasomes was confirmed independently by electron microscopic techniques. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Proteasome concentrations in patients with ARDS were markedly increased (1,069 +/- 1,194 ng/ml) in comparison to healthy subjects (60.8 +/- 49.8; P < 0.001), ALI (154 +/- 43; P = 0.006), and sarcoidosis (97.6 +/- 42.2; P = 0.037). All fluorogenic substrates were hydrolyzed (Suc-LLVY-AMC, 3.6 +/- 8.8 pkat/mg; BZ-VGR-AMC, 1.8 +/- 3.1; Suc-LLE-AMC, 1 +/- 1.7) by BAL supernatants of patients with ARDS, with inhibition by epoxomicin (P = 0.0001), and the majority of proteolytic activity was detected in BAL supernatant. Maximum hydrolyzing activity occurred at 660 kD and 20S proteasome was seen microscopically after purification and being released by pneumocytes type II. Proteasomal activity and albumin degradation rate in patients with ARDS were approximately 17-fold lower than in healthy subjects. Proteasomal activity in normal BAL was inhibited by BAL aliquots from patients with ARDS but not by denatured BAL, and returned to normal by purification. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we identified extracellular, biologically active 20S proteasome in the alveolar space of patients with ARDS in concentrations much higher than in normal subjects or in those with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Urs Sixt
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany.
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Manam RR, Macherla VR, Tsueng G, Dring CW, Weiss J, Neuteboom STC, Lam KS, Potts BC. Antiprotealide is a natural product. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:295-297. [PMID: 19133779 DOI: 10.1021/np800578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale fermentation of the marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica for production of salinosporamide A (NPI-0052; 1) clinical trials materials provided crude extracts containing minor secondary metabolites, including salinosporamide B (2) and a new congener, 3. Spectroscopic characterization revealed that 3 is identical to antiprotealide, a molecular hybrid of 20S proteasome inhibitors 1 and omuralide (4) not previously described as a natural product. Analysis of crude extracts from shake flask cultures of three wild-type S. tropica strains confirmed the production of antiprotealide at 1.1, 0.8, and 3.0 mg/L. Thus, antiprotealide is a natural product metabolite of S. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Manam
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Manam RR, McArthur KA, Chao TH, Weiss J, Ali JA, Palombella VJ, Groll M, Lloyd GK, Palladino MA, Neuteboom STC, Macherla VR, Potts BCM. Leaving Groups Prolong the Duration of 20S Proteasome Inhibition and Enhance the Potency of Salinosporamides. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6711-24. [PMID: 18939815 DOI: 10.1021/jm800548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Manam
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Katherine A. McArthur
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Ta-Hsiang Chao
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Weiss
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Janid A. Ali
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Vito J. Palombella
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - G. Kenneth Lloyd
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Michael A. Palladino
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Saskia T. C. Neuteboom
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Venkat R. Macherla
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Barbara C. M. Potts
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85747, Germany
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Lin G, Tsu C, Dick L, Zhou XK, Nathan C. Distinct specificities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian proteasomes for N-acetyl tripeptide substrates. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:34423-31. [PMID: 18829465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805324200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a validated and drug-treatable target for therapeutics. To lay ground-work for developing peptide-based inhibitors with a useful degree of selectivity for the Mtb proteasome over those of the host, we used a library of 5,920 N-acetyl tripeptide-aminomethylcoumarins to contrast the substrate preferences of the recombinant Mtb proteasome wild type and open gate mutant, the Rhodococcus erythropolis proteasome, and the bovine proteasome with activator PA28. The Mtb proteasome was distinctive in strictly preferring P1 = tryptophan, particularly in combination with P3 = glycine, proline, lysine or arginine. Screening results were validated with Michalis-Menten kinetic analyses of 21 oligopeptide aminomethyl-coumarin substrates. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor in clinical use, and 17 analogs varying only at P1 were used to examine the differential impact of inhibitors on human and Mtb proteasomes. The results with the inhibitor panel confirmed those with the substrate panel in demonstrating differential preferences of Mtb and mammalian proteasomes at the P1 amino acid. Changing P1 in bortezomib from Leu to m-CF(3)-Phe led to a 220-fold increase in IC(50) against the human proteasome, whereas changing a P1 Ala to m-F-Phe decreased the IC(50) 400-fold against the Mtb proteasome. The change of a P1 Ala to m-Cl-Phe led to an 8000-fold shift in inhibitory potency in favor of the Mtb proteasome, resulting in 8-fold selectivity. Combinations of preferred amino acids at different sites may thus improve the species selectivity of peptide-based inhibitors that target the Mtb proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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Eustáquio AS, Moore BS. Mutasynthesis of fluorosalinosporamide, a potent and reversible inhibitor of the proteasome. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3936-8. [PMID: 18407559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra S Eustáquio
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
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50
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Eustáquio A, Moore B. Mutasynthesis of Fluorosalinosporamide, a Potent and Reversible Inhibitor of the Proteasome. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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