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Warne CM, Fadlallah S, Allais F, Guebitz GM, Pellis A. Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters Based on a Cellulose-Derived Triol Monomer: A Design of Experiment Approach. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301841. [PMID: 38545821 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective enzymatic polycondensation of the bio-based cellulose derived polyol, Triol-citro, and dimethyl adipate using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CaLB) was investigated. A Design of Experiment approach with MODDE® Pro 13 was used to determine important factors in the branching behavior of this polymer, and reactant ratio, temperature, reaction time and enzyme wt % were the studied factors. Multifunctional polyesters with pendant hydroxy groups were synthesized and fully characterized using 2D NMR techniques to determine degree of branching. Branching was minimal, with a maximum of 16 % observed, and monomer ratio, temperature and reaction time were all determined to be significant factors. In this work, Mn of up to 13 kDa were achieved, while maintaining degree of branching below 15 %, resulting in a linear polyester with the potential to be further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely M Warne
- ACIB GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- ACIB GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, GE, Italy
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2
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Sokołowska M, Nowak-Grzebyta J, Stachowska E, Miądlicki P, Zdanowicz M, Michalkiewicz B, El Fray M. Enzymatically catalyzed furan-based copolyesters containing dilinoleic diol as a building block. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22234-22249. [PMID: 37492515 PMCID: PMC10363961 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A more environmentally friendly method for creating sustainable alternatives to traditional aromatic-aliphatic polyesters is a valuable step towards resource-efficiency optimization. A library of furan-based block copolymers was synthesized via temperature-varied two-step polycondensation reaction in diphenyl ether using Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as a biocatalyst where dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DMFDCA), α,ω-aliphatic linear diols (α,ω-ALD), and bio-based dilinoleic diol (DLD) were used as the starting materials. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were used to analyze the resulting copolymers. Additionally, crystallization behavior and thermal properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), digital holographic microscopy (DHM), and differential scanning microscopy (DSC). Finally, oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) of furan-based copolyesters indicated their potential for medical packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Jagoda Nowak-Grzebyta
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ul. Piotrowo 3 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ul. Piotrowo 3 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Piotr Miądlicki
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdanowicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences, Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials Ul. Janickiego 35 71-270 Szczecin Poland
| | - Beata Michalkiewicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
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3
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Glycerol-based enzymatically synthesized renewable polyesters: Control of molecular weight, degree of branching and functional endgroups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Sokołowska M, Nowak-Grzebyta J, Stachowska E, El Fray M. Enzymatic Catalysis in Favor of Blocky Structure and Higher Crystallinity of Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Co-(Dilinoleic Succinate) (PBS-DLS) Copolymers of Variable Segmental Composition. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031132. [PMID: 35161077 PMCID: PMC8838851 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To systematically investigate the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)-co-(dilinoleic succinate) (PBS-DLS) copolymers and to enrich the library of polyesters synthesized via a sustainable route, we conducted a two-step polycondensation using fully biobased monomers such as diethyl succinate (DS), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and dilinoleic diol (DLD) in diphenyl ether, using Candida Antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as biocatalyst. A series of PBS-DLS copolyesters with a 90-10, 70-30 and 50-50 wt% of hard (PBS) to soft (DLS) segments ratio were compared to their counterparts, which were synthesized using heterogenous titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst. Chemical structure and molecular characteristics of resulting copolymers were assessed using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H- and 13C-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), whereas thermal and thermomechanical properties as well as crystallization behavior were investigated by differential scanning microscopy (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that, depending on the type of catalyst, we can control parameters related to blockiness and crystallinity of copolymers. Materials synthesized using CAL-B catalysts possess more blocky segmental distribution and higher crystallinity in contrast to materials synthesized using heterogenous catalysts, as revealed by DSC, XRD and DHM measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jagoda Nowak-Grzebyta
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Hevilla V, Sonseca A, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters and Their Bioapplications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100156. [PMID: 34231313 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most important advances in the enzymatic synthesis of polyesters. In first place, the different processes of polyester enzymatic synthesis, i.e., polycondensation, ring opening, and chemoenzymatic polymerizations, and the key parameters affecting these reactions, such as enzyme, concentration, solvent, or temperature, are analyzed. Then, the latest articles on the preparation of polyesters either by direct synthesis or via modification are commented. Finally, the main bioapplications of enzymatically obtained polyesters, i.e., antimicrobial, drug delivery, or tissue engineering, are described. It is intended to point out the great advantages that enzymatic polymerization present to obtain polymers and the disadvantages found to develop applied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Agueda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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6
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Criteria for Engineering Cutinases: Bioinformatics Analysis of Catalophores. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinases are bacterial and fungal enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of natural cutin, a three-dimensional inter-esterified polyester with epoxy-hydroxy fatty acids with chain lengths between 16 and 18 carbon atoms. Due to their ability to accept long chain substrates, cutinases are also effective in catalyzing in vitro both the degradation and synthesis of several synthetic polyesters and polyamides. Here, we present a bioinformatics study that intends to correlate the structural features of cutinases with their catalytic properties to provide rational basis for their effective exploitation, particularly in polymer synthesis and biodegradation. The bioinformatics study used the BioGPS method (Global Positioning System in Biological Space) that computed molecular descriptors based on Molecular Interaction Fields (MIFs) described in the GRID force field. The information was used to generate catalophores, spatial representations of the ability of each enzymatic active site to establish hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These tools were exploited for comparing cutinases to other serine-hydrolases enzymes, namely lipases, esterases, amidases and proteases, and for highlighting differences and similarities that might guide rational engineering strategies. Structural features of cutinases with their catalytic properties were correlated. The “catalophore” of cutinases indicate shared features with lipases and esterases.
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7
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Sokołowska M, Stachowska E, Czaplicka M, El Fray M. Effect of enzymatic
versus
titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst on crystal structure of ‘green’ poly[(butylene succinate)‐
co
‐(dilinoleic succinate)] copolymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Michalina Czaplicka
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
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8
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Thermal Upgrade of Enzymatically Synthesized Aliphatic and Aromatic Oligoesters. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020368. [PMID: 31941019 PMCID: PMC7013642 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of polyesters in solventless systems is an environmentally friendly and sustainable method for synthetizing bio-derived materials. Despite the greenness of the technique, in most cases only short oligoesters are obtained, with limited practical applications or requiring further chemical processing for their elongation. In this work, we present a catalyst-free thermal upgrade of enzymatically synthesized oligoesters. Different aliphatic and aromatic oligoesters were synthesized using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (iCaLB) as the catalyst (70 °C, 24 h) yielding poly(1,4-butylene adipate) (PBA, Mw = 2200), poly(1,4-butylene isophthalate) (PBI, Mw = 1000), poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF, Mw = 600), and poly(1,4-butylene 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate) (PBP, Mw = 1000). These polyesters were successfully thermally treated to obtain an increase in Mw of 8.5, 2.6, 3.3, and 2.7 folds, respectively. This investigation focused on the most successful upgrade, poly(1,4-butylene adipate), then discussed the possible effect of di-ester monomers as compared to di-acids in the thermally driven polycondensation. The herein-described two-step synthesis method represents a practical and cost-effective way to synthesize higher-molecular-weight polymers without the use of toxic metal catalysts such as titanium(IV) tert-butoxide, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and in particular, antimony(IV) oxide. At the same time, the method allows for the extension of the number of reuses of the biocatalyst by preventing its exposure to extreme denaturating conditions.
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9
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Wu WX, Li J, Yang XL, Wang N, Yu XQ. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of renewable acid-degradable poly(β-thioether ester) and poly(β-thioether ester-co-ricinoleic acid) copolymers derived from castor oil. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Enzymatic polymerization is an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. The regioselectivity of lipase B from Candida Antarctica (CAL-B) produces linear functional polyesters without protection-deprotection steps. In this work, two different methods for the enzymatic synthesis of functional polyesters based on renewable resources, as, e.g., glycerol, using CAL-B are outlined. Poly(glycerol adipate) was synthesized by enzymatic transesterification between glycerol and divinyl adipate or dimethyl adipate. Methods are also reported to graft poly(glycerol adipate) with different amounts of hydrophobic side chains (lauric, stearic, behenic, and oleic acids) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) side chains, respectively. The hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of grafted polyesters is well controlled by changing the degree of grafting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains. The multiple grafted polyesters are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the self-assembly of the graft copolymers in water and their use as steric stabilizers for cubosomes are discussed. For this purpose mainly dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering have been employed.
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11
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Rao Z, Ni H, Li Y, Zhu H, Liu Y, Hao J. Macroscopic Scaffold Control for Lipase‐Catalyzed Dendritic Polyol‐Polyesters. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Kun Rao
- School of Materials and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 4, Block 2, North Jian'she Road Cheng'du 610054 China
| | - Hai‐Liang Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceSichuan Normal University Cheng'du 610066 China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 4, Block 2, North Jian'she Road Cheng'du 610054 China
| | - Hong‐Yu Zhu
- School of Materials and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 4, Block 2, North Jian'she Road Cheng'du 610054 China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 4, Block 2, North Jian'she Road Cheng'du 610054 China
| | - Jian‐Yuan Hao
- School of Materials and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 4, Block 2, North Jian'she Road Cheng'du 610054 China
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12
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13
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Pellis A, Cantone S, Ebert C, Gardossi L. Evolving biocatalysis to meet bioeconomy challenges and opportunities. N Biotechnol 2018; 40:154-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Bilal MH, Hussain H, Prehm M, Baumeister U, Meister A, Hause G, Busse K, Mäder K, Kressler J. Synthesis of poly(glycerol adipate)- g -oleate and its ternary phase diagram with glycerol monooleate and water. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Nguyen HD, Löf D, Hvilsted S, Daugaard AE. Highly Branched Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters by Enzymatic Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8100363. [PMID: 30974637 PMCID: PMC6432132 DOI: 10.3390/polym8100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, enzyme-catalyzed bulk polymerization method for direct production of highly branched polyesters has been developed as an alternative to currently used industrial procedures. Bio-based feed components in the form of glycerol, pentaerythritol, azelaic acid, and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) were polymerized using an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and the potential for an enzymatic synthesis of alkyds was investigated. The developed method enables the use of both glycerol and also pentaerythritol (for the first time) as the alcohol source and was found to be very robust. This allows simple variations in the molar mass and structure of the polyester without premature gelation, thus enabling easy tailoring of the branched polyester structure. The postpolymerization crosslinking of the polyesters illustrates their potential as binders in alkyds. The formed films had good UV stability, very high water contact angles of up to 141° and a glass transition temperature that could be controlled through the feed composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Dinh Nguyen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - David Löf
- Hempel A/S, Lundtoftegårdsvej 91, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anders Egede Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Jiang Y, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters and Polyamides. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E243. [PMID: 30974520 PMCID: PMC6432488 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, "green" is a hot topic almost everywhere, from retailers to universities to industries; and achieving a green status has become a universal aim. However, polymers are commonly considered not to be "green", being associated with massive energy consumption and severe pollution problems (for example, the "Plastic Soup") as a public stereotype. To achieve green polymers, three elements should be entailed: (1) green raw materials, catalysts and solvents; (2) eco-friendly synthesis processes; and (3) sustainable polymers with a low carbon footprint, for example, (bio)degradable polymers or polymers which can be recycled or disposed with a gentle environmental impact. By utilizing biobased monomers in enzymatic polymerizations, many advantageous green aspects can be fulfilled. For example, biobased monomers and enzyme catalysts are renewable materials that are derived from biomass feedstocks; enzymatic polymerizations are clean and energy saving processes; and no toxic residuals contaminate the final products. Therefore, synthesis of renewable polymers via enzymatic polymerizations of biobased monomers provides an opportunity for achieving green polymers and a future sustainable polymer industry, which will eventually play an essential role for realizing and maintaining a biobased and sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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17
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Shoda SI, Uyama H, Kadokawa JI, Kimura S, Kobayashi S. Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2307-413. [PMID: 26791937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber & Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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18
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Kobayashi S. Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization and polycondensation for the green synthesis of polyesters. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber and Textile Sciences; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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19
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. A biocatalytic approach towards sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters and oligoesters is successfully producedvia Candida antarcticaLipase B-catalyzed polymerization of biobased dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate with various (potentially) renewable aliphatic diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. Environmentally benign synthesis of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic polyesters via enzymatic polymerization of biobased monomers derived from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biobased saturated aliphatic polyesters and photo-curable unsaturated aliphatic polyesters are enzymatically polymerized, and their structure–property relationships are systematically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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21
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Jiang Y, van Ekenstein GORA, Woortman AJJ, Loos K. Fully Biobased Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters from Renewable Resources: Enzymatic Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
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22
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Petrović DM, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters Using 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as the Building Block. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2482-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500340w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan M. Petrović
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, van Ekenstein GORA, Loos K. Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters Based on Green Monomers from Renewable Resources. Biomolecules 2013; 3:461-80. [PMID: 24970176 PMCID: PMC4030961 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based commercially available succinate, itaconate and 1,4-butanediol are enzymatically co-polymerized in solution via a two-stage method, using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB, in immobilized form as Novozyme® 435) as the biocatalyst. The chemical structures of the obtained products, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate-co-itaconate) (PBSI), are confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR. The effects of the reaction conditions on the CALB-catalyzed synthesis of PBSI are fully investigated, and the optimal polymerization conditions are obtained. With the established method, PBSI with tunable compositions and satisfying reaction yields is produced. The 1H-NMR results confirm that carbon-carbon double bonds are well preserved in PBSI. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that the amount of itaconate in the co-polyesters has no obvious effects on the glass-transition temperature and the thermal stability of PBS and PBSI, but has significant effects on the melting temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert J J Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert O R Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Singh T, Shreaz S, Hashmi AA. Synthesis of Sunflower Oil Based Bimetallic Polymer and Its Antifungal Studies. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.769168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Maisonneuve L, Lebarbé T, Grau E, Cramail H. Structure–properties relationship of fatty acid-based thermoplastics as synthetic polymer mimics. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Liu W, Chen B, Wang F, Tan T, Deng L. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of aliphatic polyesters and properties characterization. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Wang HY, Zhang WW, Wang N, Li C, Li K, Yu XQ. Biocatalytic synthesis and in vitro release of biodegradable linear polyesters with pendant ketoprofen. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3290-3. [PMID: 21053944 DOI: 10.1021/bm100712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation for the synthesis of polyester prodrugs of ketoprofen was reported. Lipase acrylic resin from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) was used to synthesize the linear polyesters with pendent ketoprofen groups based on ketoprofen glycerol ester, poly(ethylene glycol), and divinyl sebacate. The products were characterized by GPC and (1)H NMR. The results indicated that the molecular weight and yields of the polyesters depend on experimental conditions such as temperature and feed ratio. The in vitro study showed that the drug release from the polyester was slow under physiological conditions, which indicated that the polyester could be a promising prodrug with extended pharmacological effects by delayed release of ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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28
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Bharathi NP, Khan NU, Alam M, Shreaz S, Hashmi AA. Cadmium Incorporated Oil Based Bioactive Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Physico-chemical Studies. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-010-9362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Kobayashi S, Makino A. Enzymatic polymer synthesis: an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5288-353. [PMID: 19824647 DOI: 10.1021/cr900165z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Bio-based Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Kobayashi S. Lipase-catalyzed polyester synthesis--a green polymer chemistry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:338-65. [PMID: 20431260 PMCID: PMC3417799 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is a short comprehensive review describing in vitro polyester synthesis catalyzed by a hydrolysis enzyme of lipase, most of which has been developed for these two decades. Polyesters are prepared by repeated ester bond-formation reactions; they include two major modes, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers such as cyclic esters (lactones) and condensation polymerization via the reaction between a carboxylic acid or its ester group and an alcohol group. Polyester synthesis is, therefore, a reaction in reverse way of in vivo lipase catalysis of ester bond-cleavage with hydrolysis. The lipase-catalyzed polymerizations show very high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivities and involve various advantageous characteristics. Lipase is robust and compatible with other chemical catalysts, which allows novel chemoenzymatic processes. New syntheses of a variety of functional polyesters and a plausible reaction mechanism of lipase catalysis are mentioned. The polymerization characteristics are of green nature currently demanded for sustainable society, and hence, desirable for conducting 'green polymer chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Biobased Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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31
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Kobayashi S. Recent Developments in Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:237-66. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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van der Meulen I, de Geus M, Antheunis H, Deumens R, Joosten EAJ, Koning CE, Heise A. Polymers from Functional Macrolactones as Potential Biomaterials: Enzymatic Ring Opening Polymerization, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:3404-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Meulen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs de Geus
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Antheunis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A. J. Joosten
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ebata H, Yasuda M, Toshima K, Matsumura S. Poly (Ricinoleic Acid) Based Novel Thermosetting Elastomer. J Oleo Sci 2008; 57:315-20. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.57.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Hu J, Gao W, Kulshrestha A, Gross RA. “Sweet Polyesters”: Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation−Polymerizations of Alditols. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0612834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Wei Gao
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Ankur Kulshrestha
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Richard A. Gross
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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35
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Kulshrestha AS, Gao W, Gross RA. Glycerol Copolyesters: Control of Branching and Molecular Weight Using a Lipase Catalyst. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0480190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur S. Kulshrestha
- NSF−I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Wei Gao
- NSF−I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Richard A. Gross
- NSF−I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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37
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Kulshrestha AS, Sahoo B, Gao W, Fu H, Gross RA. Lipase Catalysis. A Direct Route to Linear Aliphatic Copolyesters of Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric Acid with Pendant Carboxylic Acid Groups. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0480291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur S. Kulshrestha
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201
| | - Bishwabhusan Sahoo
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201
| | - Wei Gao
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201
| | - Hongyong Fu
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201
| | - Richard A. Gross
- NSF-I/UCRC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201
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Tsujimoto T, Uyama H, Kobayashi S. Synthesis and Curing Behaviors of Cross-Linkable Polynaphthols from Renewable Resources: Preparation of Artificial Urushi. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsujimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Uyama H, Kuwabara M, Tsujimoto T, Kobayashi S. Enzymatic synthesis and curing of biodegradable epoxide-containing polyesters from renewable resources. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:211-5. [PMID: 12625714 DOI: 10.1021/bm0256092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide-containing polyesters were enzymatically synthesized via two routes using unsaturated fatty acids as starting substrate. Lipase catalysis was used for both polycondensation and epoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid group. One route was synthesis of aliphatic polyesters containing an unsaturated group in the side chain from divinyl sebacate, glycerol, and the unsaturated fatty acids, followed by an epoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid moiety in the side chain of the resulting polymer. In another route, epoxidized fatty acids were prepared from the unsaturated fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of lipase catalyst, and subsequently the epoxidized fatty acids were polymerized with divinyl sebacate and glycerol. The polymer structure was confirmed by NMR and IR, and for both routes, the high epoxidized ratio was achieved. Curing of the resulting polymers proceeded thermally, yielding transparent polymeric films with high gloss surface. Pencil scratch hardness of the present films improved, compared with that of the cured film obtained from the polyester having an unsaturated fatty acid in the side chain. The obtained film showed good biodegradability, evaluated by BOD measurement in an activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
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Uyama H, Kuwabara M, Tsujimoto T, Kobayashi S. High-Performance Immobilized Lipase Catalyst for Polyester Synthesis. Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.34.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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43
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Kobayashi S, Uyama H, Ohmae M. Enzymatic Polymerization for Precision Polymer Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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