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Schaubeder JB, Spirk S, Fliri L, Orzan E, Biegler V, Palasingh C, Selinger J, Bakhshi A, Bauer W, Hirn U, Nypelö T. Role of intrinsic and extrinsic xylan in softwood kraft pulp fiber networks. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121371. [PMID: 37940269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is primarily found in the secondary cell wall of plants providing strength and integrity. To take advantage of the reinforcing effect of xylan in papermaking, it is crucial to understand its role in pulp fibers, as it undergoes substantial changes during pulping. However, the contributions of xylan that is added afterwards (extrinsic) and xylan present after pulping (intrinsic) remain largely unexplored. Here, we partially degraded xylan from refined bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) and adsorbed xylan onto BSKP. Enzymatic degradation of 1 % xylan resulted in an open hand sheet structure, while adsorption of 3 % xylan created a denser fiber network. The mechanical properties improved with adsorbed xylan, but decreased more significantly after enzymatic treatment. We propose that the enhancement in mechanical properties by adsorbed extrinsic xylan is due to increased fiber-fiber bonds and sheet density, while the deterioration in mechanical properties of the enzyme treated pulp is caused by the opposite effect. These findings suggest that xylan is decisive for fiber network strength. However, intrinsic xylan is more critical, and the same properties cannot be achieved by readsorbing xylan onto the fibers. Therefore, pulping parameters should be selected to preserve intrinsic xylan within the fibers to maintain paper strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana B Schaubeder
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Fliri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Eliott Orzan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronika Biegler
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Research, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Julian Selinger
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adelheid Bakhshi
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2
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Pandey LK, Kumar A, Dutt D, Singh SP. Influence of mechanical operation on the biodelignification of Leucaena leucocephala by xylanase treatment. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:20. [PMID: 34956813 PMCID: PMC8677879 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at energy reduction during pulping of L. leucocephala by passing the wood chips through an impressafiner followed by xylanase pretreatment. An impressafiner compressed the chips and converted them into spongy materials. Wood chips of L. leucocephala with or without de-structuring and de-structured wood chips followed by enzymatic treatment were subjected to Kraft pulping at different temperatures varying from 135 to 170 °C and active alkali varying from 12 to 20% (as Na2O) to observe effect on screened pulp yield and kappa number. The de-structured wood chips followed by enzymatic treatment produced a pulp yield of 48.2% and kappa number 18.6. L. leucocephala without de-structuring produced a pulp yield of 50.1% and kappa number 23.7. When the pulp was subjected to oxygen delignification to reduce kappa number in the vicinity of 18.6, pulp showed shrinkage by 6.64% compared to Kraft pulp of de-structured wood chips followed by enzymatic treatment. Kraft pulp produced from de-structured wood chips of L. leucocephala followed by enzymatic treatment showed net saving of US$ 163.15 per digester over Kraft pulp produced without de-structuring of wood chips of L. leucocephala. Moreover, the pulp obtained by de-structuring followed by enzymatic treatment showed improvement in pulp brightness and physical strength properties including tensile, tear, and burst index significantly compared to pulp obtained without de-structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Kumar Pandey
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Yang X, Jungstedt E, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Polymer Films from Cellulose Nanofibrils—Effects from Interfibrillar Interphase on Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Erik Jungstedt
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
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Míguez B, Vila C, Venema K, Parajó JC, Alonso JL. Potential of High- and Low-Acetylated Galactoglucomannooligosaccharides as Modulators of the Microbiota Composition and Their Activity: A Comparison Using the In Vitro Model of the Human Colon TIM-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7617-7629. [PMID: 32551624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High- and low-acetylated galactoglucomannooligosaccharides (GGMOS_Ac and GGMOS, respectively) were assayed as substrates in the TIM-2 in vitro colon model using, as inoculum, fecal microbiota from the elderly. The effects on the microbiota and their activity were also compared to a standard ileal efflux medium (SIEM). GGMOS resulted in higher organic acid productions and higher short-chain fatty acids/total organic acid molar ratios. Although comparable Actinobacteria abundances were observed with both substrates, GGMOS fermentation led to higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and lower Proteobacteria percentages than GGMOS_Ac. No differences were found concerning the percentages of beneficial genus such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, or Bifidobacterium. However, higher bacterial diversities and numbers of genera such as Oscillospira and Lachnospira were found with GGMOS_Ac. This suggests that GGMOS would be more suitable substrates for the elderly, even though GGMOS_Ac promoted positive effects that support the interest of further research using these oligosaccharides as "carriers" of desired substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Míguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan C Parajó
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José L Alonso
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Zhong R, Cui D, Ye ZH. Secondary cell wall biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1703-1723. [PMID: 30312479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1703 I. Introduction 1703 II. Cellulose biosynthesis 1705 III. Xylan biosynthesis 1709 IV. Glucomannan biosynthesis 1713 V. Lignin biosynthesis 1714 VI. Concluding remarks 1717 Acknowledgements 1717 References 1717 SUMMARY: Secondary walls are synthesized in specialized cells, such as tracheary elements and fibers, and their remarkable strength and rigidity provide strong mechanical support to the cells and the plant body. The main components of secondary walls are cellulose, xylan, glucomannan and lignin. Biochemical, molecular and genetic studies have led to the discovery of most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes in the plasma membrane and the recent success of in vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a single recombinant cellulose synthase isoform reconstituted into proteoliposomes opens new doors to further investigate the structure and functions of cellulose synthase complexes. Most genes involved in the glycosyl backbone synthesis, glycosyl substitutions and acetylation of xylan and glucomannan have been genetically characterized and the biochemical properties of some of their encoded enzymes have been investigated. The genes and their encoded enzymes participating in monolignol biosynthesis and modification have been extensively studied both genetically and biochemically. A full understanding of how secondary wall components are synthesized will ultimately enable us to produce plants with custom-designed secondary wall composition tailored to diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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6
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Bhalla A, Cai CM, Xu F, Singh SK, Bansal N, Phongpreecha T, Dutta T, Foster CE, Kumar R, Simmons BA, Singh S, Wyman CE, Hegg EL, Hodge DB. Performance of three delignifying pretreatments on hardwoods: hydrolysis yields, comprehensive mass balances, and lignin properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:213. [PMID: 31516552 PMCID: PMC6732840 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, three pretreatments under investigation at the DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) were subjected to a side-by-side comparison to assess their performance on model bioenergy hardwoods (a eucalyptus and a hybrid poplar). These include co-solvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF), pretreatment with an ionic liquid using potentially biomass-derived components (cholinium lysinate or [Ch][Lys]), and two-stage Cu-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (Cu-AHP). For each of the feedstocks, the pretreatments were assessed for their impact on lignin and xylan solubilization and enzymatic hydrolysis yields as a function of enzyme loading. Lignins recovered from the pretreatments were characterized for polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, β-aryl ether content, and response to depolymerization by thioacidolysis. RESULTS All three pretreatments resulted in significant solubilization of lignin and xylan, with the CELF pretreatment solubilizing the majority of both biopolymer categories. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields were shown to exhibit a strong, positive correlation with the lignin solubilized for the low enzyme loadings. The pretreatment-derived solubles in the [Ch][Lys]-pretreated biomass were presumed to contribute to inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis in the eucalyptus as a substantial fraction of the pretreatment liquor was carried forward into hydrolysis for this pretreatment. The pretreatment-solubilized lignins exhibited significant differences in polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, aromatic monomer yield by thioacidolysis, and β-aryl ether content. Key trends include a substantially higher polysaccharide content in the lignins recovered from the [Ch][Lys] pretreatment and high β-aryl ether contents and aromatic monomer yields from the Cu-AHP pretreatment. For all lignins, the 13C NMR-determined β-aryl ether content was shown to be correlated with the monomer yield with a second-order functionality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, it was demonstrated that the three pretreatments highlighted in this study demonstrated uniquely different functionalities in reducing biomass recalcitrance and achieving higher enzymatic hydrolysis yields for the hybrid poplar while yielding a lignin-rich stream that may be suitable for valorization. Furthermore, modification of lignin during pretreatment, particularly cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds, is shown to be detrimental to subsequent depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Charles M. Cai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Sandip K. Singh
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Thanaphong Phongpreecha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Tanmoy Dutta
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Cliff E. Foster
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Charles E. Wyman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Eric L. Hegg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - David B. Hodge
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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7
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Yang X, Berthold F, Berglund LA. Preserving Cellulose Structure: Delignified Wood Fibers for Paper Structures of High Strength and Transparency. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3020-3029. [PMID: 29757614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To expand the use of renewable materials, paper products with superior mechanical and optical properties are needed. Although beating, bleaching, and additives are known to improve industrially produced Kraft pulp papers, properties are limited by the quality of the fibers. While the use of nanocellulose has been shown to significantly increase paper properties, the current cost associated with their production has limited their industrial relevance. Here, using a simple mild peracetic acid (PAA) delignification process on spruce, we produce hemicellulose-rich holocellulose fibers (28.8 wt %) with high intrinsic strength (1200 MPa for fibers with microfibrillar angle smaller than 10°). We show that PAA treatment causes less cellulose/hemicellulose degradation and better preserves cellulose nanostructure in comparison to conventional Kraft pulping. High-density holocellulose papers with superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 18 GPa and ultimate strength of 195 MPa) are manufactured using a water-based hot-pressing process, without the use of beating or additives. We propose that the preserved hemicelluloses act as "glue" in the interfiber region, improving both mechanical and optical properties of papers. Holocellulose fibers may be affordable and applicable candidates for making special paper/composites where high mechanical performance and/or optical transmittance are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Berthold
- RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Mäster Samuelsgatan 60 , SE-11121 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
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8
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Liu Y, Sun B, Zheng X, Yu L, Li J. Integrated microwave and alkaline treatment for the separation between hemicelluloses and cellulose from cellulosic fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:859-863. [PMID: 30060423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microwave was employed during the alkaline treatment process, in order to separate the hemicelluloses and cellulose from a delignified hardwood kraft pulp. In relation to hemicelluloses yield, the integrated microwave and alkaline treatment resulted in 9.25% and 12.05% at 50°C and 80°C, respectively. Correspondingly, the resultant pulp fibers presented the increased cellulose content, which was desirable for manufacturing dissolving pulp. Additionally, the effect from mechanical refining pretreatment followed microwave and alkaline treatment, on the separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose, was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Faculty of Chemical and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Faculty of Chemical and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Xuefan Zheng
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
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9
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Dietrich K, Dumont MJ, Schwinghamer T, Orsat V, Del Rio LF. Model Study To Assess Softwood Hemicellulose Hydrolysates as the Carbon Source for PHB Production in Paraburkholderia sacchari IPT 101. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:188-200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Dietrich
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Timothy Schwinghamer
- Department
of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Luis F. Del Rio
- FPInnovations, 570 Saint-Jean Boulevard, Pointe-Claire, Quebec Canada H9R 3J9
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10
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Maleki L, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. Synthesis of full interpenetrating hemicellulose hydrogel networks. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Ibn Yaich A, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. Transfer of Biomatrix/Wood Cell Interactions to Hemicellulose-Based Materials to Control Water Interaction. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8177-8207. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ibn Yaich
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Li J, Hu H, Li H, Huang L, Chen L, Ni Y. Kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from cellulosic fibers during the cold caustic extraction process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:61-66. [PMID: 28319774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effective separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose is desirable for the production of high-purity cellulose, which is a sustainable raw material for many value-added applications. For this purpose, the kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from the cold caustic extraction (CCE) were investigated in the present study. The hemicelluloses removal process consists of: 1) the bulk phase, characteristic of significant hemicelluloses removal; 2) the transition phase, hemicelluloses transferring from the inner to the outer region of the fiber wall, with negligible overall hemicelluloses removal; 3) the residual phase, presenting a weak but continuing hemicelluloses removal. Furthermore, the enzymatic peeling method was adopted to study the fundamentals of hemicelluloses removal. The results showed that the molecular weight of hemicelluloses is the main parameter governing their diffusion/dissolution processes, and that the low molecular weight hemicelluloses are preferentially removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hailong Li
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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13
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Berglund J, Angles d'Ortoli T, Vilaplana F, Widmalm G, Bergenstråhle-Wohlert M, Lawoko M, Henriksson G, Lindström M, Wohlert J. A molecular dynamics study of the effect of glycosidic linkage type in the hemicellulose backbone on the molecular chain flexibility. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:56-70. [PMID: 27385537 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The macromolecular conformation of the constituent polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass influences their supramolecular interactions, and therefore their function in plants and their performance in technical products. The flexibility of glycosidic linkages from the backbone of hemicelluloses was studied by evaluating the conformational freedom of the φ and ψ dihedral angles using molecular dynamic simulations, additionally selected molecules were correlated with experimental data by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three types of β-(1→4) glycosidic linkages involving the monosaccharides (Glcp, Xylp and Manp) present in the backbone of hemicelluloses were defined. Different di- and tetrasaccharides with combinations of such sugar monomers from hemicelluloses were simulated, and free energy maps of the φ - ψ space and hydrogen-bonding patterns were obtained. The glycosidic linkage between Glc-Glc or Glc-Man (C-type) was the stiffest with mainly one probable conformation; the linkage from Man-Man or Man-Glc (M-type) was similar but with an increased probability for an alternative conformation making it more flexible, and the linkage between two Xyl-units (X-type) was the most flexible with two almost equally populated conformations. Glycosidic linkages of the same type showed essentially the same conformational space in both disaccharides and in the central region of tetrasaccharides. Different probabilities of glycosidic linkage conformations in the backbone of hemicelluloses can be directly estimated from the free energy maps, which to a large degree affect the overall macromolecular conformations of these polymers. The information gained contributes to an increased understanding of the function of hemicelluloses both in the cell wall and in technical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thibault Angles d'Ortoli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bergenstråhle-Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindström
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Zhang W, Johnson AM, Barone JR, Renneckar S. Reducing the heterogeneity of xylan through processing. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Nypelö T, Laine C, Aoki M, Tammelin T, Henniges U. Etherification of Wood-Based Hemicelluloses for Interfacial Activity. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1894-901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Nypelö
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Christiane Laine
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Masaaki Aoki
- Faculty
of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ute Henniges
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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16
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Zhao W, Odelius K, Edlund U, Zhao C, Albertsson AC. In Situ Synthesis of Magnetic Field-Responsive Hemicellulose Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2015. [PMID: 26196600 PMCID: PMC4535706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A one-pot
synthetic methodology for fabricating stimuli-responsive
hemicellulose-based hydrogels was developed that consists of the in
situ formation of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles during the covalent cross-linking of O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan
(AcGGM). The Fe3O4 nanoparticle content controlled
the thermal stability, macrostructure, swelling behavior, and magnetization
of the hybrid hydrogels. In addition, the magnetic field-responsive
hemicellulose hydrogels (MFRHHs) exhibited excellent adsorption and
controlled release profiles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the
model drug. Therefore, the MFRHHs have great potential to be utilized
in the biomedical field for tissue engineering applications, controlled
drug delivery, and magnetically assisted bioseparation. Magnetic field-responsive
hemicellulose hydrogels, prepared using a straightforward one-step
process, expand the applications of biomass-derived polysaccharides
by combining the renewability of hemicellulose and the magnetism of
Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhao
- †Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,‡College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Karin Odelius
- †Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- †Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- ‡College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- †Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Latha Gandla M, Derba-Maceluch M, Liu X, Gerber L, Master ER, Mellerowicz EJ, Jönsson LJ. Expression of a fungal glucuronoyl esterase in Populus: effects on wood properties and saccharification efficiency. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:210-20. [PMID: 24997793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The secondary walls of angiosperms contain large amounts of glucuronoxylan that is thought to be covalently linked to lignin via ester bonds between 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronic acid (4-O-Me-GlcA) moieties in glucuronoxylan and alcohol groups in lignin. This linkage is proposed to be hydrolysed by glucuronoyl esterases (GCEs) secreted by wood-degrading fungi. We report effects of overexpression of a GCE from the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete carnosa, PcGCE, in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx.) on the wood composition and the saccharification efficiency. The recombinant enzyme, which was targeted to the plant cell wall using the signal peptide from hybrid aspen cellulase PttCel9B3, was constitutively expressed resulting in the appearance of GCE activity in protein extracts from developing wood. Diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses showed significant alternation in wood chemistry of transgenic plants including an increase in lignin content and S/G ratio, and a decrease in carbohydrate content. Sequential wood extractions confirmed a massive (+43%) increase of Klason lignin, which was accompanied by a ca. 5% decrease in cellulose, and ca. 20% decrease in wood extractives. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition using methanolysis showed a reduction of 4-O-Me-GlcA content without a change in Xyl contents in transgenic lines, suggesting that the covalent links between 4-O-Me-GlcA moieties and lignin protect these moieties from degradation. Enzymatic saccharification without pretreatment resulted in significant decreases of the yields of Gal, Glc, Xyl and Man in transgenic lines, consistent with their increased recalcitrance caused by the increased lignin content. In contrast, the enzymatic saccharification after acid pretreatment resulted in Glc yields similar to wild-type despite of their lower cellulose content. These data indicate that whereas PcGCE expression in hybrid aspen increases lignin deposition, the inhibitory effects of lignin are efficiently removed during acid pretreatment, and the extent of wood cellulose conversion during hydrolysis after acid pretreatment is improved in the transgenic lines possible due to reduced cell wall cross-links between cell wall biopolymers by PcGCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lorenz Gerber
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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18
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Littunen K, Kilpeläinen P, Junka K, Sipponen M, Master ER, Seppälä J. Effect of Xylan Structure on Reactivity in Graft Copolymerization and Subsequent Binding to Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1102-11. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuisma Littunen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Finnish Forest Research Institute Metla, Jokiniemenkuja 1, P.O. Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Karoliina Junka
- Department
of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box
16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mika Sipponen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department
of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Department
of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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19
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Zhao W, Nugroho RW, Odelius K, Edlund U, Zhao C, Albertsson AC. In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4202-15. [PMID: 25630464 PMCID: PMC4535707 DOI: 10.1021/am5084732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhao
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Robertus Wahyu
N. Nugroho
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Maleki L, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. Thiolated hemicellulose as a versatile platform for one-pot click-type hydrogel synthesis. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:667-74. [PMID: 25574855 DOI: 10.1021/bm5018468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot synthetic methodology for the thiolation of O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) was developed to merge hemicellulose chemistry with "click" chemistry. This was realized by the AcGGM-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening of γ-thiobutyrolactone via the activation of the polysaccharide pendant hydroxyl groups. The incorporation of thiol functionalities onto the hemicellulose backbone was visualized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and was assessed by an Ellman's reagent assay of the thiol groups. The versatility of the thiolated AcGGM was elaborated and demonstrated by conducting several postmodification reactions together with hydrogel formation utilizing thiol-ene and thiol-Michael addition "click" reactions. The one-pot synthesis of thiolated AcGGM is a straightforward approach that can expand the applications of hemicelluloses derived from biomass by employing "click" chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Maleki
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Derba-Maceluch M, Awano T, Takahashi J, Lucenius J, Ratke C, Kontro I, Busse-Wicher M, Kosik O, Tanaka R, Winzéll A, Kallas Å, Leśniewska J, Berthold F, Immerzeel P, Teeri TT, Ezcurra I, Dupree P, Serimaa R, Mellerowicz EJ. Suppression of xylan endotransglycosylase PtxtXyn10A affects cellulose microfibril angle in secondary wall in aspen wood. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:666-81. [PMID: 25307149 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Certain xylanases from family GH10 are highly expressed during secondary wall deposition, but their function is unknown. We carried out functional analyses of the secondary-wall specific PtxtXyn10A in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). PtxtXyn10A function was analysed by expression studies, overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts and by downregulation in aspen. PtxtXyn10A overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts resulted in increased xylan endotransglycosylation rather than hydrolysis. In aspen, the enzyme was found to be proteolytically processed to a 68 kDa peptide and residing in cell walls. Its downregulation resulted in a corresponding decrease in xylan endotransglycosylase activity and no change in xylanase activity. This did not alter xylan molecular weight or its branching pattern but affected the cellulose-microfibril angle in wood fibres, increased primary growth (stem elongation, leaf formation and enlargement) and reduced the tendency to form tension wood. Transcriptomes of transgenic plants showed downregulation of tension wood related genes and changes in stress-responsive genes. The data indicate that PtxtXyn10A acts as a xylan endotransglycosylase and its main function is to release tensional stresses arising during secondary wall deposition. Furthermore, they suggest that regulation of stresses in secondary walls plays a vital role in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Ferrari E, Ranucci E, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. Design of renewable poly(amidoamine)/hemicellulose hydrogels for heavy metal adsorption. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica; University of Milan; 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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23
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Thermal behaviour and tolerance to ionic liquid [emim]OAc in GH10 xylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus SL16W. Extremophiles 2014; 18:1023-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Nieminen K, Paananen M, Sixta H. Kinetic Model for Carbohydrate Degradation and Dissolution during Kraft Pulping. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501359p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaarlo Nieminen
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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25
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Ma XJ, Yang XF, Zheng X, Lin L, Chen LH, Huang LL, Cao SL. Degradation and dissolution of hemicelluloses during bamboo hydrothermal pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:215-20. [PMID: 24704887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the hemicelluloses degradation and dissolution during hydrothermal pretreatment, hemicelluloses separated from both hydrolysate and pretreated substrate were investigated. Along with the pretreatment proceeding, some hemicelluloses fractions dissolved and diffused into the bulk liquor; MW (molecular weight) of these hemicelluloses fractions increased first and then decreased as well as amount of the fractions. Based on the definition of MW of the soluble hemicellulose, it has been concluded that some insoluble hemicellulose fractions appeared in the hydrolysate. In contrast, the hemicellulose degradation occurred continually and had been observed by the gradual decrease of MW of the hemicellulose isolated from pretreated substrate. Lingering dissolution at the later stage might attribute to the facts that some soluble fractions were still entrapped in the substrate. 5-15% hemicellulose fractions remained in the pretreated substrate at the later stage were composed of soluble species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Ma
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - X F Yang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - X Zheng
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - L Lin
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - L H Chen
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - L L Huang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - S L Cao
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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26
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Zhao W, Glavas L, Odelius K, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. A robust pathway to electrically conductive hemicellulose hydrogels with high and controllable swelling behavior. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Chong SL, Virkki L, Maaheimo H, Juvonen M, Derba-Maceluch M, Koutaniemi S, Roach M, Sundberg B, Tuomainen P, Mellerowicz EJ, Tenkanen M. O-Acetylation of glucuronoxylan in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and its change in xylan biosynthesis mutants. Glycobiology 2014; 24:494-506. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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28
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Zhong R, Teng Q, Lee C, Ye ZH. Identification of a disaccharide side chain 2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis xylan. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27933. [PMID: 24521940 PMCID: PMC4091222 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis xylan consists of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked D-xylosyl residues, about 10% of which are substituted with single residues of α-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) or 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) at O-2. In addition, about 60% of xylosyl residues are acetylated at O-2 and/or O-3. Previous studies have identified a number of genes responsible for elongation of the xylan backbone, addition of the GlcA substituents, and methylation of the GlcA residues. Yuan et al. (2013) have recently reported that the 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylosyl residues in Arabidopsis xylan requires a DUF231 domain-containing protein, ESKIMO1 (ESK1), and proposed that ESK1 and its homologs are putative acetyltransferases responsible for xylan acetylation. It was noticed that the (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the acetylated xylan from the esk1 mutant and the wild-type Arabidopsis exhibited a prominent proton signal peak at 5.42 ppm in addition to resonances corresponding to known acetylated structural groups of xylan. Here, we performed detailed structural investigation of wild-type Arabidopsis acetylated xylan using 2-dimensional (1)H- (1)H and (1)H- (13)C NMR spectroscopy and found that the signal peak at 5.42 ppm in the (1)H NMR spectrum was attributed to GlcA residues substituted at O-2 with α-D-galactose (Gal), indicating the presence of Gal-GlcA disaccharide side chains in Arabidopsis xylan. This finding was further supported by analysis of endoxylanase-digested xylan using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our study demonstrates that Arabidopsis xylan contains Gal-GlcA disaccharide side chains in addition to GlcA, MeGlcA, and acetyl substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
| | - Quincy Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources; Kyung Hee University; Yongin, South Korea
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
- Correspondence to: Zheng-Hua Ye,
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29
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Stoklosa RJ, Hodge DB. Extraction, Recovery, and Characterization of Hardwood and Grass Hemicelluloses for Integration into Biorefining Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301260w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David B. Hodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå,
Sweden
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30
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Saadatmand S, Edlund U, Albertsson AC, Danielsson S, Dahlman O. Prehydrolysis in softwood pulping produces a valuable biorefinery fraction for material utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8389-8396. [PMID: 22768794 DOI: 10.1021/es301699n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A scaled-up prehydrolysis process was elaborated to demonstrate an industrially feasible operation step in a pulping process that generates a valuable side product in addition to the cellulose pulp. The valuable side product is aqueous process liquor, a softwood hydrolysate (SWH) herein produced in 60 L batches, and its components were recovered and utilized as materials. The process parameters were shown to influence the yield, composition, and quality of the obtained hydrolysates. Furthermore, the process conditions were shown to influence the ability of SWHs to form free-standing, foldable films in blends with either microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Films with oxygen permeabilities (OP) as low as 0.35 cm(3) μm day(-1) m(-2) kPa(-1) at 50% relative humidity, were produced from aqueous solutions providing a viable and green alternative to petroleum-based packaging barriers. The OPs were very low regardless of SWH film composition and upgrading conditions, whereas the films' tensile performance was directly controlled by the ratio of SWH to cocomponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Saadatmand
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Isolation of hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures: Structure and properties. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee C, Zhong R, Ye ZH. Biochemical characterization of xylan xylosyltransferases involved in wood formation in poplar. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:332-7. [PMID: 22476457 PMCID: PMC3443913 DOI: 10.4161/psb.19269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The major polysaccharides in dicot wood biomass are cellulose and xylan. Although wood-associated cellulose synthase genes responsible for cellulose biosynthesis have been characterized, wood-associated xylan synthase genes have not been biochemically identified. A recent report by Lee et al. (2012) provides the first biochemical evidence that two functionally non-redundant Arabidopsis GT43 members are xylosyltransferases (XylTs) that function cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone. We further extend this finding in the current report demonstrating that two poplar (Populus trichocarpa) GT43 glycosyltransferases, PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C, are xylan XylTs involved in wood formation. We show that microsomes from transgenic tobacco BY2 cells coexpressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C exhibited a high XylT activity capable of generating β-(1,4)-linked xylooligosaccharides, whereas little XylT activity was detected in microsomes with expression of PtrGT43B or PtrGT43C alone. These findings indicate that poplar GT43 members are XylTs that act cooperatively in catalyzing the successive transfer of xylosyl residues during xylan backbone biosynthesis, which provides further support of the hypothesis that the biochemical functions of GT43 members in vascular plants are evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
| | - Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
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Cao S, Pu Y, Studer M, Wyman C, Ragauskas AJ. Chemical transformations of Populus trichocarpa during dilute acid pretreatment. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Leskinen T, King AWT, Kilpeläinen I, Argyropoulos DS. Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Materials with Ionic Liquids. 1. Effect of Mechanical Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Leskinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
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Lee C, Teng Q, Zhong R, Ye ZH. Molecular dissection of xylan biosynthesis during wood formation in poplar. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:730-47. [PMID: 21596688 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xylan, being the second most abundant polysaccharide in dicot wood, is considered to be one of the factors contributing to wood biomass recalcitrance for biofuel production. To better utilize wood as biofuel feedstock, it is crucial to functionally characterize all the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. In this report, we investigated roles of poplar families GT43 and GT8 glycosyltransferases in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. There exist seven GT43 genes in the genome of poplar (Populus trichocarpa), five of which, namely PtrGT43A, PtrGT43B, PtrGT43C, PtrGT43D, and PtrGT43E, were shown to be highly expressed in the developing wood and their encoded proteins were localized in the Golgi. Comprehensive genetic complementation coupled with chemical analyses demonstrated that overexpression of PtrGT43A/B/E but not PtrGT43C/D was able to rescue the xylan defects conferred by the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant, whereas overexpression of PtrGT43C/D but not PtrGT43A/B/E led to a complementation of the xylan defects in the Arabidopsis irx14 mutant. The essential roles of poplar GT43 members in xylan biosynthesis was further substantiated by RNAi down-regulation of GT43B in the hybrid poplar (Populus alba x tremula) leading to reductions in wall thickness and xylan content in wood, and an elevation in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. Wood digestibility analysis revealed that cellulase digestion released more glucose from the wood of poplar GT43B RNAi lines than the control wood, indicating a decrease in wood biomass recalcitrance. Furthermore, RNAi down-regulation of another poplar wood-associated glycosyltransferase, PoGT8D, was shown to cause decreases in wall thickness and xylan content as well as in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. Together, these findings demonstrate that the poplar GT43 members form two functionally non-redundant groups, namely PtrGT43A/B/E as functional orthologs of Arabidopsis IRX9 and PtrGT43C/D as functional orthologs of Arabidopsis IRX14, all of which are involved in the biosynthesis of xylan backbones, and that the poplar GT8D is essential for the biosynthesis of the xylan reducing end sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sievers C, Musin I, Marzialetti T, Olarte MBV, Agrawal PK, Jones CW. Acid-catalyzed conversion of sugars and furfurals in an ionic-liquid phase. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:665-71. [PMID: 19554606 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of monosaccharides, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in the presence of a Brønsted acid (added as H(2)SO(4)) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) is investigated at 120 °C. Fructose is converted much faster than mannose, glucose, and xylose and yields HMF with high selectivity, even in the absence of acid. Conversion of mannose, glucose, and xylose involves more complex reaction networks. Only small amounts of furfural and HMF are converted in the absence of other reactants but both compounds are consumed when monosaccharides and their degradation products are present. Acid-catalyzed degradation reactions also lead to the formation of solid residues (humins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Sievers
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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Voepel J, Sjöberg J, Reif M, Albertsson AC, Hultin UK, Gasslander U. Drug diffusion in neutral and ionic hydrogels assembled from acetylated galactoglucomannan. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Um BH, van Walsum GP. Acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose in green liquor pre-pulping extract of mixed northern hardwoods. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 153:127-38. [PMID: 19337862 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Forest biomass is a promising resource for future biofuels and bioproducts. Pre-pulping extraction of hemicellulose by alkaline (Green Liquor) pretreatment produces a neutral-pH extract containing hemicellulose-derived oligomers. A near-term option for use of this extract is to hydrolyze the oligomers to fermentable monomer sugars. Chips of mixed northern hardwoods were cooked in a rocking digester at 160 degrees C for 110 min in Green Liquor at a concentration of 3% Na2O equivalent salts on dry wood. The mass of wood extracted into the Green Liquor extract was approximately 11.4% of the debarked wood mass, which resulted in a dilute solution of oligomeric hemicelluloses sugars. The concentration of the extract was increased through partial evaporation prior to hydrolysis. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was applied at conditions ranging from 100 to 160 degrees C, 2% to 6% (w/v) H2SO4, and 2- to 258-min residence time. The maximum fermentable sugar concentration achieved from evaporated extract was 10.7 g/L, representing 90.7% of the maximum possible yield. Application of the biomass pretreatment severity function to the hydrolysis results proved to offer a relatively poor prediction of temperature and reaction time interaction. The combined severity function, which incorporates reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration, did prove to provide a useful means of trading off the combined effects of these three variables on total sugar yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Um
- Forest Bioproducts Research Initiative, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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40
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Spruce-derived mannans – A potential raw material for hydrocolloids and novel advanced natural materials. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update covering the period 2001-2002. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:125-201. [PMID: 18247413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Gonçalves VM, Evtuguin DV, Domingues MRM. Structural characterization of the acetylated heteroxylan from the natural hybrid Paulownia elongata/Paulownia fortunei. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:256-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Matamoros Fernández LE. Introduction to ion trap mass spectrometry: Application to the structural characterization of plant oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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The potential in bioethanol production from waste fiber sludges in pulp mill-based biorefineries. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 137-140:327-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Suzuki MR, Hunt CG, Houtman CJ, Dalebroux ZD, Hammel KE. Fungal hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:2214-23. [PMID: 17107562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fungi that cause brown rot of wood initiate lignocellulose breakdown with an extracellular Fenton system in which Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2) react to produce hydroxyl radicals (.OH), which then oxidize and cleave the wood holocellulose. One such fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, drives Fenton chemistry on defined media by reducing Fe(3+) and O(2) with two extracellular hydroquinones, 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) and 4,5-dimethoxycatechol (4,5-DMC). However, it has never been shown that the hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood. We grew G. trabeum on spruce blocks and found that 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC were each present in the aqueous phase at concentrations near 20 microM after 1 week. We determined rate constants for the reactions of 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC with the Fe(3+)-oxalate complexes that predominate in wood undergoing brown rot, finding them to be 43 l mol(-1) s(-1) and 65 l mol(-1) s(-1) respectively. Using these values, we estimated that the average amount of hydroquinone-driven .OH production during the first week of decay was 11.5 micromol g(-1) dry weight of wood. Viscometry of the degraded wood holocellulose coupled with computer modelling showed that a number of the same general magnitude, 41.2 micromol oxidations per gram, was required to account for the depolymerization that occurred in the first week. Moreover, the decrease in holocellulose viscosity was correlated with the measured concentrations of hydroquinones. Therefore, hydroquinone-driven Fenton chemistry is one component of the biodegradative arsenal that G. trabeum expresses on wood.
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46
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Evaluation of novel fungal cellulase preparations for ability to hydrolyze softwood substrates – evidence for the role of accessory enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Söderqvist Lindblad M, Albertsson AC, Ranucci E, Laus M, Giani E. Biodegradable Polymers from Renewable Sources: Rheological Characterization of Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:684-90. [PMID: 15762630 DOI: 10.1021/bm049515z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose-based hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with oligomeric hydrosoluble hemicellulose modified with well-defined amounts of methacrylic functions. The polymerization reaction was carried out in water at 40 degrees C using a redox initiator system. The hydrogels were in general elastic, soft, and easily swellable in water. Their viscoelastic properties were determined by oscillatory shear measurements on 2 mm thick hydrogels under a slight compression to avoid slip, over the frequency range 10(-1) to 10(2). The rheological characterization indicated that the elastic response of the hydrogels was stronger than the viscous response, leading to the conclusion that the hydrogel systems displayed a predominantly solid-like behavior. The curves showed an increase in shear storage modulus with increasing cross-linking density. The nature of the synthetic comonomer in the hemicellulose-based hydrogels also influenced the shear storage modulus. Comparison of hemicellulose-based hydrogels with pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels showed that their behaviors were rather similar, demonstrating that the synthetic procedure made it possible to prepare hemicellulose-based hydrogels with properties similar to those of pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels.
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Matamoros Fernández LE, Obel N, Scheller HV, Roepstorff P. Differentiation of isomeric oligosaccharide structures by ESI tandem MS and GC–MS. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:655-64. [PMID: 15013403 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2003] [Revised: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides from wheat seedling was permethylated and analyzed by electrospray ion trap MS and GC-MS. The presence of isomeric structures differing in degree of branching and position of the branched residue along the xylose backbone was demonstrated for oligosaccharides with four and five monosaccharide residues. No isomeric structures were found for oligosaccharides with three monosaccharide residues. Linkage analysis by GC-MS reveals that xylose residues were substituted with single arabinoxyl residues at C-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobvi E Matamoros Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Jacobs A, Palm M, Zacchi G, Dahlman O. Isolation and characterization of water-soluble hemicelluloses from flax shive. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1869-76. [PMID: 12932370 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Partially depolymerized, water-soluble hemicelluloses were solubilized from flax shive employing hydrothermal microwave treatment and thereafter subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, enzymatic purification and/or size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The oligo- and polysaccharide fractions thus obtained were characterized with respect to molar mass, molar mass distribution, degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of substitution with acetyl moieties (DSAc) by employing SEC in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The major portion of the water-soluble flax hemicellulose consisted of an O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan exhibiting a DPp value (i.e., peak-average DP) of 28. When the DSAc for this O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan was calculated on the basis of the MALDI-MS spectra obtained without and following deacetylation, a value of 0.7 was obtained. In addition, an O-acetyl-glucomannan (DPp=9, DS=0.4) and minor quantities of small neutral O-acetyl-xylooligosaccharides were also isolated from the mixture of water-soluble hemicelluloses released from the flax shive by microwave treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jacobs
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, PO Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Palm M, Zacchi G. Extraction of hemicellulosic oligosaccharides from spruce using microwave oven or steam treatment. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:617-23. [PMID: 12741777 DOI: 10.1021/bm020112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the extraction of hemicellulosic oligosaccharides from spruce, using microwave or steam treatment that can be used for the production of polymers, replacing fossil-based polymers, e.g., hydrogels. The highest yield of oligosaccharides, measured as mannan, was 70% obtained with treatment in the microwave oven at 200 degrees C for 5 min. The amount of oligosaccharides extracted was 12.5 g per 100 g of dry wood. The molecular weights of some selected samples were analyzed using fast protein liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography and time-of-flight matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. Recovered oligosaccharides following steam treatment at 200 degrees C for 2 min had a mean molecular weight of 3400 g/mol with a maximum weight of 12000 g/mol. Higher severity, i.e., increased temperature (>200 degrees C) and residence time, resulted in lower mean molecular weights and yield. Oligosaccharides with higher mean molecular weights were obtained at lower severity, but the yield was considerably lower. The feasibility of using the extracted hemicellulosic oligosaccharides from spruce for the synthesis of hydrogels was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Palm
- Department of Chemical Engineering 1, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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