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Phase diagrams of PEG 1000,1500,2000,4000,6000 + lithium citrate + water ATPSs, and the partitioning of salbutamol at T = 298.15 K. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1045. [PMID: 36658224 PMCID: PMC9852274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Salbutamol is a drug used to treat the pulmonary diseases by ameliorate the medium and large airways in the lungs. Partitioning of salbutamol drug on the aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) of PEG1000,1500,2000,4000,6000 + trilithium citrate + water was determined at T = 298.15 K. The effect of molecular mass of polymer (MMP) on the binodal and tie-line compositions were studied. Results showed that the biphasic area was extended as the MMP was increased. The salting-out ability were quantified using the Setschenow model, and the binodal curves were modeled by a nonlinear 3-parameter equation. Furthermore, electrolyte Wilson along with the osmotic virial models have adequately been implemented to fit the tie-line compositions. Also, the studied ATPSs were implemented to study the partitioning of salbutamol drug on the salt-affluent and polymer-affluent phases. It is observed that, ATPSs of PEG1000 is premium to extract the salbutamol to the polymer-affluent phase, where, the ATPSs of PEG6000 is more favorable to extract the drug to the salt-affluent phase.
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2
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Jaworek MW, Winter R. Exploring Enzymatic Activity in Multiparameter Space: Cosolvents, Macromolecular Crowders and Pressure. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel W. Jaworek
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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3
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Joshi PU, Turpeinen DG, Weiss M, Escalante-Corbin G, Schroeder M, Heldt CL. Tie line framework to optimize non-enveloped virus recovery in aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Production and purification of recombinant hypocholesterolemic peptides. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:41-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Aumiller WM, Davis BW, Hatzakis E, Keating CD. Interactions of macromolecular crowding agents and cosolutes with small-molecule substrates: effect on horseradish peroxidase activity with two different substrates. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10624-32. [PMID: 25157999 PMCID: PMC4161143 DOI: 10.1021/jp506594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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The importance of solution composition
on enzymatic reactions is
increasingly appreciated, particularly with respect to macromolecular
cosolutes. Macromolecular crowding and its effect on enzymatic reactions
has been studied for several enzymes and is often understood in terms
of changes to enzyme conformation. Comparatively little attention
has been paid to the chemical properties of small-molecule substrates
for enzyme reactions in crowded solution. In this article, we studied
the reaction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with two small-molecule
substrates that differ in their hydrophobicity. Crowding agents and
cosolutes had quite different effects on HRP activity when the substrate
used was 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, which
is hydrophobic) as compared to o-phenylenediamine
(OPD, which is more hydrophilic). Reaction rates with TMB were much
more sensitive to the presence of crowding agents and cosolutes than
OPD, suggesting that the small-molecule substrates may themselves
be interacting with crowders and cosolutes. At high polyethylene glycol
(PEG) concentrations (25–30 wt/wt %), no reaction was observed
for TMB. Even at lower concentrations, Michaelis constants (KM) for HRP with the more hydrophobic substrate
increased in the presence of crowding agents and cosolutes, particularly
with PEG. Diffusion of TMB and OPD in the PEG and dextran reaction
media was evaluated using pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance
(PFG-NMR). The diffusivity of the TMB decreased 3.9× in 10% PEG
8k compared to that in buffer and decreased only 1.7× for OPD.
Together, these data suggest that weak attractive interactions between
small-molecule substrates and crowders or cosolutes can reduce substrate
chemical activity and consequently decrease enzyme activity and that
these effects vary with the identity of the molecules involved. Because
many enzymes can act on multiple substrates, it is important to consider
substrate chemistry in understanding enzymatic reactions in complex
media such as biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Aumiller
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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6
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Aumiller WM, Davis BW, Hashemian N, Maranas C, Armaou A, Keating CD. Coupled enzyme reactions performed in heterogeneous reaction media: experiments and modeling for glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase in a PEG/citrate aqueous two-phase system. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2506-17. [PMID: 24517887 PMCID: PMC3983363 DOI: 10.1021/jp501126v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The
intracellular environment in which biological reactions occur
is crowded with macromolecules and subdivided into microenvironments
that differ in both physical properties and chemical composition.
The work described here combines experimental and computational model
systems to help understand the consequences of this heterogeneous
reaction media on the outcome of coupled enzyme reactions. Our experimental
model system for solution heterogeneity is a biphasic polyethylene
glycol (PEG)/sodium citrate aqueous mixture that provides coexisting
PEG-rich and citrate-rich phases. Reaction kinetics for the coupled
enzyme reaction between glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase
(HRP) were measured in the PEG/citrate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
Enzyme kinetics differed between the two phases, particularly for
the HRP. Both enzymes, as well as the substrates glucose and H2O2, partitioned to the citrate-rich phase; however,
the Amplex Red substrate necessary to complete the sequential reaction
partitioned strongly to the PEG-rich phase. Reactions in ATPS were
quantitatively described by a mathematical model that incorporated
measured partitioning and kinetic parameters. The model was then extended
to new reaction conditions, i.e., higher enzyme concentration. Both
experimental and computational results suggest mass transfer across
the interface is vital to maintain the observed rate of product formation,
which may be a means of metabolic regulation in vivo. Although outcomes
for a specific system will depend on the particulars of the enzyme
reactions and the microenvironments, this work demonstrates how coupled
enzymatic reactions in complex, heterogeneous media can be understood
in terms of a mathematical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Aumiller
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Pei Y, Li Z, Liu L, Wang J. Partitioning behavior of amino acids in aqueous two-phase systems formed by imidazolium ionic liquid and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1231:2-7. [PMID: 22364668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Partition coefficients of amino acids, including glycine, alanine, 2-aminobutyric acid, valine, leucine, threonine, methinoine, tryptophan and tyrosine, in [C(n)mim]Br (n=4, 6, 8)+K(2)HPO(4) aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been determined, and the relative hydrophobicity of the equilibrium phases in the ionic liquids-based aqueous two-phase systems has been characterized by the Gibbs energies of transfer for methylene group from the bottom salt-rich phase to the top ionic liquid-rich phase. Based on these results, factors affecting the partitioning behavior of the amino acids have been investigated. It is shown that partition coefficients of the amino acids increase with the increase of hydrophobicity of the amino acids and the ionic liquids, solution pH value, tie-line length of the ATPSs and temperature of the systems. The possible driving forces and the thermodynamic parameters for the partitioning of amino acids in the ionic liquids-based ATPSs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Pei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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8
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Katritzky AR, Kuanar M, Slavov S, Hall CD, Karelson M, Kahn I, Dobchev DA. Quantitative Correlation of Physical and Chemical Properties with Chemical Structure: Utility for Prediction. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5714-89. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Minati Kuanar
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Svetoslav Slavov
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - C. Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 19086, Estonia, and MolCode, Ltd., Soola 8, Tartu 51013, Estonia
| | - Iiris Kahn
- Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 19086, Estonia, and MolCode, Ltd., Soola 8, Tartu 51013, Estonia
| | - Dimitar A. Dobchev
- Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 19086, Estonia, and MolCode, Ltd., Soola 8, Tartu 51013, Estonia
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9
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Han C, Hui Q, Wang Y. Hypoglycaemic activity of saponin fraction extracted from Momordica charantia in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems. Nat Prod Res 2009; 22:1112-9. [PMID: 18855210 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802079675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Momordica charantia (family, Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as karela or bitter melon (Japanese name 'Tsurureishi'), is used as a folk medicine in China, the Indian subcontinent and South America. In Chinese traditional medicine, the plant is usually used as a hypoglycaemic and anti-diabetic agent. The hypoglycaemic activity of saponin fraction (SF) extracted from M. charantia in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems was studied in this article. Alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice were used in the study. The blood glucose, insulin secretion, glycogen synthesis and the body weight of the mice were analysed. At the same time, the sugar tolerance of the normal mice was also determined. After the mice were administered (i.g.) with SF (500 mg kg(-1)), the blood glucose of alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice decreased (p < 0.05), the level of insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis of alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice elevated (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and the sugar tolerance of the normal mice was improved. Also, the body weight of the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice was increased gradually. The saponin constituents extracted from M. charantia in an aqueous two-phase extraction system induced significant hypoglycaemic activity in hyperglycaemic and normal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncho Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China.
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10
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Saravanan S, Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. Aqueous two-phase poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(acrylic acid) system for protein partitioning: Influence of molecular weight, pH and temperature. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Salgado JC, Andrews BA, Ortuzar MF, Asenjo JA. Prediction of the partitioning behaviour of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems using only their amino acid composition. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1178:134-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Salabat A, Abnosi MH, Bahar AR. Amino acids partitioning in aqueous two-phase system of polypropylene glycol and magnesium sulfate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 858:234-8. [PMID: 17884742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The counter-current chromatography method using aqueous two-phase systems, which is a form of liquid-liquid partition chromatography, could be applied for separation of the amino acids. This method needs some information about the partition coefficient of the amino acids in such systems. In this work, partitioning of amino acids d-alanine, l-valine and l-leucine was investigated in aqueous two-phase system of polypropylene glycol (PPG425)+MgSO4+H2O at 298.15K. The results showed that increasing the amino acid hydrophobicity lead to a corresponding increase in the partition coefficients and increasing tie line length lead to decreasing partition coefficients. The effect of the pH on amino acids partitioning was also determined. The experimental data are correlated using a modified virial-type model. The comparisons between the correlation and the experimental data reveal a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salabat
- Chemistry Department, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-879, Arak, Iran.
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13
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Saravanan S, Rao JR, Murugesan T, Nair BU, Ramasami T. Partition of tannery wastewater proteins in aqueous two-phase poly (ethylene glycol)-magnesium sulfate systems: Effects of molecular weights and pH. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Thermodynamic modeling of the partitioning of biomolecules in aqueous two-phase systems using a modified Flory–Huggins equation. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Katritzky AR, Tämm K, Kuanar M, Fara DC, Oliferenko A, Oliferenko P, Huddleston JG, Rogers RD. Aqueous Biphasic Systems. Partitioning of Organic Molecules: A QSPR Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 44:136-42. [PMID: 14741019 DOI: 10.1021/ci034194o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of 29 small organic probes in a PEG-2000/(NH4)2SO4 biphasic system was investigated using a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach. A three-descriptor equation with the squared correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.97 for the partition coefficient (log D) was obtained. All descriptors were derived solely from the chemical structure of the compounds. Using the same descriptors, a three-parameter model was also obtained for log P (octanol/water, R2=0.89); predicted log P values were used as an external descriptor for modeling log D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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16
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Gulyaeva N, Zaslavsky A, Chait A, Zaslavsky B. Relative hydrophobicity of amino acid residues in homooligopeptides as measured by aqueous two-phase partitioning. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2002; 59:277-82. [PMID: 12010518 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2002.02997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Partitioning of 17 amino acids and their homooligopeptides of different lengths in an aqueous dextran-PEG two-phase system containing 0.15 m NaCl in 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 and 0.11 m sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 was examined. The relative hydrophobicity of the amino acid residues was estimated and expressed in equivalent numbers of methylene units. Analysis of the data shows that the additivity principle does hold for the hydrophobicity of homooligopeptides. The relative hydrophobicity of essentially all amino acid residues is noticeably affected by the ionic composition of aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gulyaeva
- Analiza Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44128, USA
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17
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Collén A, Penttilä M, Stålbrand H, Tjerneld F, Veide A. Extraction of endoglucanase I (Ce17B) fusion proteins from Trichoderma reesei culture filtrate in a poly(ethylene glycol)-phosphate aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatogr A 2002; 943:55-62. [PMID: 11820281 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases (EGI) (endo-1,4-beta-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4, Ce17B) of Trichoderma reesei are industrially important enzymes. Thus, there is a great need for development of a primary recovery method suitable for large-scale utilization. In this study we present a concept applicable for large-scale purification of an EGI fusion protein by one-step extraction in a poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-sodium/potassium phosphate aqueous two-phase system. EGI is a two-module enzyme composed of an N-terminal catalytic module and a C-terminal cellulose binding module (CBM) separated by a glycosylated linker region. Partitioning of six different EGI constructs, containing the C-terminal extensions (WP)2, (WP)4 or the amphiphilic protein hydrophobin I (HFB) of T. reesei instead of the CBM were studied to evaluate if any of the fusions could improve the partition coefficient sufficiently to be suitable for large-scale production. All constructs showed improved partitioning in comparison to full length EGI. The (WP)4 extensions resulted in 26- to 60-fold improvement of partition coefficient. Consequently, a relative minor change in amino acid sequence on the two-module protein EGI improved the partition coefficient significantly in the PEG 4000-sodium/potassium phosphate system. The addition of HFBI to EGI clearly enhanced the partition coefficient (K=1.2) in comparison to full-length EGI (K=0.035). Partitioning of the construct with (WP)4 fused to the catalytic module and a short sequence of the linker [EGI(core-P5)(WP)4] resulted in the highest partition coefficient (K=54) and a yield of 98% in the PEG phase. Gel electrophoresis showed that the construct with the (WP)4 tag attached after a penta-proline linker could be purified from the other bulk proteins by only a single-step separation in the PEG 4000-sodium/potassium phosphate system. This is a major improvement in comparison with the previously studied model (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide)-dextran system. Hence, this construct will be suitable for further optimization of the extraction of the enzyme in a PEG 4000-sodium/potassium phosphate system from culture filtrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Collén
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
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18
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Li M, Zhu ZQ, Rodrigues AE. Process Integration of Separation of Amino Acids by a Temperature-Induced Aqueous Two-Phase System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010060t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Li
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal, and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal, and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal, and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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19
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Collén A, Ward M, Tjerneld F, Stålbrand H. Genetic engineering of the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I (Cel7B) for enhanced partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems containing thermoseparating ethylene oxide--propylene oxide copolymers. J Biotechnol 2001; 87:179-91. [PMID: 11278040 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases (endo-1,4-beta-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) are industrially important enzymes. In this study endoglucanase I (EGI or Cel7B) of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei has been genetically engineered to investigate the influence of tryptophan rich peptide extensions (tags) on partitioning in an aqueous two-phase model system. EGI is a two-domain enzyme and is composed of a N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal cellulose binding domain, separated by a linker. The aim was to find an optimal tag and fusion position, which further could be utilised for large scale extractions. Peptide tags of different length and composition were attached at various localisations of EGI. The fusion proteins were expressed from T. reesei with the use of the gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. Variations in secreted levels between the engineered proteins were obtained. The partitioning of EGI in an aqueous two-phase system composed of a thermoseparating ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer (EO(50)PO(50)) and dextran, could be significantly improved by relatively minor genetic engineering. The (Trp-Pro)(4) tag added after a short stretch of the linker, containing five proline residues, gave in the highest partition coefficient of 12.8. The yield in the top phase was 94%. The specific activity was 83% of the specific activity of unmodified EGI on soluble substrate. The efficiency of a tag fused to a protein is shown by the tag efficiency factor (TEF). A hypothetical TEF of 1.0 would indicate full tag exposure and optimal contribution to the protein partitioning by the fused tag. The location of the fusion point after the sequence of five proline residues in the linker of EGI is the most beneficial in two-phase separation. The highest TEF (0.97) was obtained with the (Trp-Pro)(2) tag at this position, indicating full exposure and intactness of the tag. However, the peptide tag composed of (Trp-Pro)(4) improved the partition properties the most but had lower TEF in comparison to (Trp-Pro)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collén
- Department of Biochemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Collén A, Ward M, Tjerneld F, Stålbrand H. Genetically engineered peptide fusions for improved protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. Effect of fusion localization on endoglucanase I of Trichoderma reesei. J Chromatogr A 2001; 910:275-84. [PMID: 11261722 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering has been used for fusion of the peptide tag, Trp-Pro-Trp-Pro, on a protein to study the effect on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. As target protein for the fusions the cellulase, endoglucanase I (endo-1,4-beta-Dglucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4, EGI, Cel7B) of Trichoderma reesei was used. For the first time a glycosylated two-domain enzyme has been utilized for addition of peptide tags to change partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. The aim was to find an optimal fusion localization for EGI. The peptide was (1) attached to the C-terminus end of the cellulose binding domain (CBD), (2) inserted in the glycosylated linker region, (3) added after a truncated form of EGI lacking the CBD and a small part of the linker. The different constructs were expressed in the filamentous fungus T. reesei under the gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. The expression levels were between 60 and 100 mg/l. The partitioning behavior of the fusion proteins was studied in an aqueous two-phase model system composed of the thermoseparating ethylene oxide (EO)-propylene oxide (PO) random copolymer EO-PO (50:50) (EO50PO50) and dextran. The Trp-Pro-Trp-Pro tag was found to direct the fusion protein to the top EO50PO50 phase. The partition coefficient of a fusion protein can be predicted with an empirical correlation based on independent contributions from partitioning of unmodified protein and peptide tag in this model system. The fusion position at the end of the CBD, with the spacer Pro-Gly, was shown to be optimal with respect to partitioning and tag efficiency factor (TEF) was 0.87, where a fully exposed tag would have a TEF of 1.0. Hence, this position can further be utilized for fusion with longer tags. For the other constructs the TEF was only 0.43 and 0.10, for the tag fused to the truncated EGI and in the linker region of the full length EGI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collén
- Department of Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden
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21
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Li C, Bai J, Li W, Cai Z, Ouyang F. Optimization of conditions for bacteriocin extraction in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems using statistical experimental designs. Biotechnol Prog 2001; 17:366-8. [PMID: 11312717 DOI: 10.1021/bp000167w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bacteriocin nisin was extracted in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using the property that the systems can extract hydrophobic proteins. The concentrations of the phase-forming components, PEG 4000 and Na(2)SO(4), were optimized for nisin recovery by means of statistical experimental designs, and it was found that they strongly influenced nisin recovery. The optimal composition of ATPS was found to be 15.99% (w/w) PEG 4000 and 15.85% (w/w) Na(2)SO(4) (pH 2), and the optimal ATPS allowed an 11.60% increase of nisin recovery compared to the standard method of nisin assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100080, P. R. China.
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Gulyaeva N, Zaslavsky A, Lechner P, Chait A, Zaslavsky B. Relative hydrophobicity of organic compounds measured by partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 743:187-94. [PMID: 10942285 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Partitioning of a variety of organic compounds, the majority of which represent therapeutic drugs, was examined in an aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol (Dex-PEG) two-phase system containing 0.15 M NaCl in 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.3 and in an octanol-buffer (0.15 M NaCl in 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) system. The possibility of introducing compounds to be partitioned in an aqueous two-phase system with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the effect of this solvent on the solute partitioning was explored. Relative hydrophobicity of the compounds was estimated and expressed in equivalent numbers of methylene units. Comparison of the results obtained for several subsets of compounds in the octanol-buffer and in aqueous Dex-PEG two-phase systems clearly demonstrates the advantage of aqueous two-phase partitioning for the hydrophobicity measurements over partitioning in octanol-buffer system.
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24
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van Berlo M, Ottens M, Luyben KC, van der Wielen LA. Partitioning behavior of amino acids in aqueous two-phase systems with recyclable volatile salts. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 743:317-25. [PMID: 10942302 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing research effort on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) with volatile salts, this work describes the partitioning behavior of a series of amino acids, namely L-serine, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-isoleucine, and L-phenylalanine, in these systems. The results show that amino acids partition in a similar way in polymer-volatile salt ATPSs and in traditional polymer-salt ATPSs. Increasing amino acid hydrophobicities lead to increasing partition coefficients. Moreover, the common linear relationship between the logarithm of the partition coefficient and the tie line length is observed here as well. Furthermore, the relation between relative partition coefficients and relative hydrophobicities of amino acids in the extraction systems investigated in this work is comparable to that in other extraction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Berlo
- Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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25
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Franco TT, Andrews AT, Asenjo JA. Use of chemically modified proteins to study the effect of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 49:300-8. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960205)49:3<300::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Franco TT, Andrews AT, Asenjo JA. Use of chemically modified proteins to study the effect of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960205)49:3%3c300::aid-bit8%3e3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Silva ME, Franco TT. Liquid-liquid extraction of biomolecules in downstream processing - A review paper. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322000000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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van der Wielen L, Cabatingan L. Fishing products from the sea—rational downstream processing of marine bioproducts. J Biotechnol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Blázquez G, Camacho F, González-Tello P, Alarcón FJ. Partition coefficients of alpha-amylase in aqueous two-phase systems PEG + MgSO4.7H2O + H2O at 298 K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1379:191-7. [PMID: 9528654 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Partition coefficients of alpha-amylase have been determined in a polyethylene glycol (average molecular mass 8000)/MgSO4.7H2O aqueous two-phase system at 298 K and the influence of polymer, salt and initial enzyme concentration on partition was investigated. Correlations are proposed which relates the partition coefficient to the initial enzyme concentration and the concentration difference between phases of polymer and salt. The free volume change, related to the densities of the separate phases, has a direct dependence with such polymer and salt concentration differences, respectively, and is then used to facilitate future estimations. Thus, the partition coefficient is a function of this physical parameter and the initial enzyme concentration employed (1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 g dm-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Blázquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain
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30
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Johansson HO, Karlström G, Tjerneld F. Temperature-induced phase partitioning of peptides in water solutions of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random copolymers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1335:315-25. [PMID: 9202194 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A thermoseparating random copolymer (Ucon 50-HB-5100) composed of (50%) ethylene oxide and (50%) propylene oxide has been used to form an aqueous two-phase system by heating the polymer-water solution above the cloud point of the copolymer. In the formed two-phase system a water rich top phase is in equilibrium with an aqueous polymer rich bottom phase. The partitioning of amino acids and peptides in this aqueous two-phase system has been studied. Hydrophobic peptides (containing aromatic amino acids) were strongly partitioned to the polymer rich phase, while hydrophilic peptides were enriched in the water rich phase. The effect of temperature on the partitioning was investigated and a decreased partitioning to the polymer rich phase was obtained upon temperature increase. The effect of two salts (NaClO4 and Na2SO4) on the partitioning of a positively charged polypeptide, poly(Lys, Trp), was very strong. With NaClO4 the polypeptide was quantitatively partitioned to the polymer rich phase while with Na2SO4 the polypeptide was partitioned to the water rich phase. Model calculations based on a modified Flory-Huggins theory have been performed to better understand the experimental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
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31
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Partitioning of hydrophobic amino acids and oligopeptides in aqueous two-phase system containing self-aggregating block copolymer effects of temperature, salts and surfactants. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Schluck A, Maurer G, Kula MR. The influence of electrostatic interactions on partition in aqueous polyethylene glycol/dextran biphasic systems: Part II. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 47:252-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260470217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Eiteman MA. The pH Difference in Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Citrate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and the Influence of Sodium Chloride. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399508021398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Cohen LM, Eiteman MA, Gainer JL. A Model to Predict the Partition Coefficients of Amino Acids in PEG/Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399508015835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Hart RA, Lester PM, Reifsnyder DH, Ogez JR, Builder SE. Large scale, in situ isolation of periplasmic IGF-I from E. coli. BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1994; 12:1113-7. [PMID: 7765554 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1194-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) accumulates in both folded and aggregated forms in the fermentation medium and cellular periplasmic space when expressed in E. coli with an endogenous secretory signal sequence. Due to its heterogeneity in form and location, low yield of IGF-I was obtained using a typical refractile body recovery strategy. To enhance recovery yield, a new procedure was developed to solubilize and extract IGF-I from cells while in fermentation broth. This method, called in situ solubilization, involves addition of chaotrope and reductant to alkaline fermentation broth and provides recovery of about 90% of all IGF-I in an isolated supernatant. To further enhance recovery, a new aqueous two-phase extraction procedure was developed which partitions soluble non-native IGF-I and biomass solids into separate liquid phases. This two-phase extraction procedure involves addition of polymer and salt to the solubilization mixture and provides about 90% recovery of solubilized IGF-I in the light phase. The performance of the solubilization and aqueous extraction procedures is reproducible at scales ranging from 10 to 1000 liters and provides a 70% cumulative recovery yield of IGF-I in the isolated light phase. The procedure provides significant initial IGF-I purification since most host proteins remain cell associated during solubilization and are enriched in heavy phase. ELISA analysis for E. coli proteins indicates that 97% of the protein in the light phase is IGF-I. Together, the techniques of in situ solubilization and aqueous two-phase extraction provide a new, high yield approach for isolating recombinant protein which is accumulated in more than one form during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hart
- Department of Recovery Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4918
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36
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Cohen∗ LM, Gainer JL. Predicting Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and the Effects of Temperature Changes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399408002181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Eiteman MA. Temperature-dependent phase inversion and its effect on partitioning in the poly(ethylene glycol)-ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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EITEMAN MARKA. Partitioning of Charged Solutes in Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Potassium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399408005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Kuboi R, Maruki T, Tanaka H, Komasawa I. Fermentation of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and production of subtilin in polyethylene glycol/phosphate aqueous two-phase systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Chen WY, Shu CG, Chen JY, Lee JF. The Effects of Amino Acid Sequence on the Partition of Peptides in Aqueous Two-Phase System. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 1994. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.27.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University
| | - Ching-Gji Shu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University
| | - Jw Yann Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University
| | - Jiunn-Fwu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University
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Eiteman MA, Gainer JL. Predicting partition coefficients in polyethylene glycol-potassium phosphate aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- H Walter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822
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