1
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Marinova P, Marinov M, Kazakova M, Feodorova Y, Blazheva D, Slavchev A, Georgiev D, Nikolova I, Sbirkova-Dimitrova H, Sarafian V, Stoyanov N. Copper(II) Complex of Bis(1',3'-Hydroxymethyl)-Spiro-(Fluorene-9,4'-Imidazolidine)-2',5'-Dione, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Its Derivative and Crystal Structure of Free Ligand. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Muralidharan VP, Gunasekar R, Iyer SK. Synthesis of highly functionalized strained bicyclic dilactam derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1459719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramachandran Gunasekar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center for Materials Science, and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Arepalli SK, Choi Y, Lee K, Kang JS, Jung JK, Lee H. Transition-metal-free, atom-economical cascade synthesis of novel 2-sulfonated-benzo[ f ][1,7]naphthyridines and their cytotoxic activities. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Yoon HJ, Yang SJ, Gong YD. Synthesis of 2-Alkoxy/Thioalkoxy Benzo[d]imidazoles and 2-Thione Benzo[d]imidazoles via a Phase-Based, Chemoselective Reaction. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:738-747. [PMID: 29095593 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkoxy/thioalkoxy benzo-[d]-imidazole and 2-thione benzo-[d]-imidazole libraries were constructed in solution phase and on solid phase, respectively. The key step in this work is the phase-based chemoselective reaction of the 2-mercaptobenzo-[d]-imidazole intermediate with benzyl chloride (solution phase) and Merrifield resin (solid phase). In the solution-phase case, benzyl chloride reacted with the thiol group of 2-mercaptobenzo-[d]-imidazole, whereas in the solid-phase case, Merrifield resin was introduced at an internal amine group of benzo-[d]-imidazole. To afford the desired 2-alkoxy/thioalkoxy benzo-[d]-imidazole analogues, we used various alkyl halides, alcohols, and thiols in solution phase, and to obtain 2-thione benzo-[d]-imidazole derivatives on solid phase, we used diverse alkyl halides and boronic acids. Finally, to measure the drug potential to be orally active and the molecular diversity in three-dimensional (3D) space, we calculated physicochemical properties and displayed energy-minimized 3D structures. As a result, the libraries from solution phase and solid phase show distinct features in physicochemical properties and skeletal diversities in 3D space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Yoon
- Innovative Drug Library Research
Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Yang
- Innovative Drug Library Research
Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research
Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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5
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Ramachandran G, Sathiyanarayanan KI. Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Triazatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.987352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Lin CK, Cheng LW, Li HY, Yun WY, Cheng WC. Synthesis of novel polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine–triazole/-isoxazole hybrid molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2100-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of novel, 2-heterocyclyl polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Wei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City
- Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yi Li
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Yun
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Azuaje J, El Maatougui A, García-Mera X, Sotelo E. Ugi-based approaches to quinoxaline libraries. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:403-11. [PMID: 24800648 DOI: 10.1021/co500036n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An expedient and concise Ugi-based unified approach for the rapid assembly of quinoxaline frameworks has been developed. This convergent and versatile method uses readily available commercial reagents, does not require advanced intermediates, and exhibits excellent bond-forming efficiency, thus exemplifying the operationally simple synthesis of quinoxaline libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Azuaje
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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8
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Jiang ZX, Zhi S, Zhang W. Recent progress on fluorous synthesis of biologically interesting compounds. Mol Divers 2014; 18:203-18. [PMID: 24443173 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights research papers published in 2011 and 2012 on fluorous linker-assisted synthesis of biologically interesting small molecules and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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9
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Divergent ionic liquid supported synthesis of isolable guanidine linked quinoxalinone and benzodiamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Fokas D, Kaselj M, Isome Y, Wang Z. Diversity oriented synthesis of a vinblastine-templated library of 7-aryl-octahydroazonino[5,4-b]indoles via a three-component reaction. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:49-58. [PMID: 23237513 DOI: 10.1021/co300122n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A vinblastine-templated library of 7-aryl-octahydroazonino[5,4-b]indoles was prepared by a three-component reaction from indolizino[8,7-b]indoles, chloroformates, and activated arenes via a chloroformate mediated fragmentation of the indolizinoindole nucleus followed by insertion of an activated arene. In addition to N3-carbamoyl-7-aryl-octahydroazonino[5,4-b]indoles prepared in one step, a wide range of N3-substituted substrates were synthesized in one pot via the derivatization of a versatile N3-H-azonino[5,4-b]indole intermediate generated in situ by application of the same strategy. A subset of 308 compounds out of a virtual library of 3216, representing 13 different chemotypes, was prepared by high throughput solution-phase synthesis and subsequently purified by mass-triggered high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 188 compounds with a minimum purity of 80% by UV214 nm and 85% by evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was isolated for primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes Fokas
- Department of Chemistry, ArQule Inc, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Mira Kaselj
- Department of Chemistry, ArQule Inc, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Yuko Isome
- Department of Chemistry, ArQule Inc, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, ArQule Inc, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
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11
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Liao JY, Selvaraju M, Chen CH, Sun CM. Multistep divergent synthesis of benzimidazole linked benzoxazole/benzothiazole via copper catalyzed domino annulation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2473-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Abstract
The tool chest of techniques, methodologies, and equipment for conducting parallel chemistry is larger than ever before. Improvements in the laboratory and developments in computational chemistry have enabled compound library design at the desks of medicinal chemists. This unit includes a brief background in combinatorial/parallel synthesis chemistry, along with a discussion of evolving technologies for both solid- and solution-phase chemistry. In addition, there are discussions on designing compound libraries, acquisition/procurement of compounds and/or reagents, the chemistry and equipment used for chemical production, purification, sample handling, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Long
- SCYNEXIS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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13
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Delpiccolo CM, Testero SA, Leyes FN, Boggián DB, Camacho CM, Mata EG. Stereoselective, solid phase-based synthesis of trans 3-alkyl-substituted β-lactams as analogues of cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Cortés E, Méndez L, Mata EG, Abonia R, Quiroga J, Insuasty B. Synthesis of 3-aryl-1,2,4-benzotriazines via intramolecular cyclization of solid-supported o-hydrazidoanilines. Mol Divers 2012; 16:839-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Zhang YJ, Wang YG. An efficient solid-phase synthesis of substituted benzofuran using selenium-bound resin. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin jun Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310014; People's Republic of China
| | - Yu guang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310014; People's Republic of China
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16
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Zang Q, Javed S, Porubsky P, Ullah F, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Basha FZ, Organ MG, Hanson PR. Synthesis of a unique isoindoline/tetrahydroisoquinoline-based tricyclic sultam library utilizing a Heck-aza-Michael strategy. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:211-7. [PMID: 22311745 DOI: 10.1021/co200181x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a unique isoindoline- and tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-containing tricyclic sultam library, utilizing a Heck-aza-Michael (HaM) strategy is reported. Both isoindoline and THIQ rings are installed through a Heck reaction on a vinylsulfonamide, followed by one-pot deprotection and intramolecular aza-Michael reaction. Subsequent cyclization with either paraformaldehyde condensation or 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole coupling generates a variety of tricyclic sultams. Overall, a 160-member library of these sultams, together with their isoindolines/THIQ and secondary sulfonamides precursors, were constructed using this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251
Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence,
Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Salim Javed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251
Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence,
Kansas 66045-7582, United States
- H. E. J. Research Institute
of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Patrick Porubsky
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence,
Kansas 66047-3761, United States
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J
1P3 Canada
| | - Benjamin Neuenswander
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence,
Kansas 66047-3761, United States
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251
Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence,
Kansas 66045-7582, United States
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence,
Kansas 66047-3761, United States
| | - Fatima Z. Basha
- H. E. J. Research Institute
of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J
1P3 Canada
| | - Paul R. Hanson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251
Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence,
Kansas 66045-7582, United States
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence,
Kansas 66047-3761, United States
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17
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Cornier PG, Boggián DB, Mata EG, Delpiccolo CM. Solid-phase based synthesis of biologically promising triazolyl aminoacyl (peptidyl) penicillins. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Ramachandran G, Karthikeyan NS, Giridharan P, Sathiyanarayanan KI. Efficient iodine catalyzed three components domino reaction for the synthesis of 1-((phenylthio)(phenyl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives possessing anticancer activities. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5343-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of novel 4H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidines via a one-pot three-component condensation. Mol Divers 2011; 16:173-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Abstract
This chapter outlines the evolution of high throughput chemistry from its origins in the genome revolution of the early 1990's to its current practice as an integral tool in drug discovery, via the concept of the large “universal library” to the practice of small targeted arrays for structure–activity relationship generation. The technologies developed as part of this evolution are also outlined including early ACT peptide synthesisers and other automated and non-automated devices for both solid-supported and solution-based approaches. Finally, the chapter outlines several case studies of the application of high throughput synthesis to drug discovery.
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21
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Microwave-assisted solution-phase synthesis and DART-mass spectrometric monitoring of a combinatorial library of indolin-2,3-dione schiff bases with potential antimycobacterial activity. Molecules 2011; 16:5194-206. [PMID: 21697776 PMCID: PMC6264748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16065194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A combinatorial library composed of eleven hydrazides A-K and eleven indolin-1,2-dione derivatives 1-11 has been designed to formally generate sublibraries of 22 mixtures, M1-M22 comprising of 121 Schiff bases, A-K(1-11). The designed library has been synthesized by the solution-phase method and microwave-assisted synthetic techniques. The formation of individual compounds of each mixture was confirmed by Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) as ionization technique connected to an Ion Trap as a mass detector. The synthesized mixtures were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against four Mycobacterium strains; M. intercellulari, M. xenopi, M. cheleneoi and M. smegmatis. Variable antimycobacterial activity was revealed with the investigated mixtures and maximum activity was shown by M8, M10, M11, and M15 with MIC values of 1.5, 3.1, 6.2 and 0.09 μg/mL, respectively. Application of the indexed method of analysis on these active mixtures revealed that compounds D8, D10 and D11 may contribute to the activity of the tested mixtures.
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22
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Chanda K, Maiti B, Yellol GS, Chien MH, Kuo ML, Sun CM. Polymer supported synthesis of novel benzoxazole linked benzimidazoles under microwave conditions: in vitro evaluation of VEGFR-3 kinase inhibition activity. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1917-26. [PMID: 21283915 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient soluble polymer-supported method has been developed for the parallel synthesis of substituted benzimidazole linked benzoxazoles using focused microwave irradiation. The key step involves the amidation of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid with polymer-immobilized o-phenylenediamine. Application of mild acidic conditions promoted the ring closure to furnish the benzimidazole ring. After hydrogenation of the nitro-group to amine, the resulted polymer conjugates underwent efficient ring closure with various alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl isothiocyanates to generate the polymer-bound benzimidazolyl benzoxazoles. The polymer-bound compounds were finally cleaved from the support to furnish benzimidazole linked benzoxazole derivatives. The efficacy of the resultant angular bis-heterocyclic library was studied against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-3). The preliminary screening of these novel compounds exhibits moderate to high inhibition (IC(50) = 0.56-1.42 μM). This protocol provides an easy access to novel angular bis-heterocycles which have potential for the discovery of novel leads for targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300-10, Taiwan
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23
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Radchatawedchakoon W, Krajarng A, Niyomtham N, Watanapokasin R, Yingyongnarongkul BE. High transfection efficiency of cationic lipids with asymmetric acyl-cholesteryl hydrophobic tails. Chemistry 2011; 17:3287-95. [PMID: 21322066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a nonviral gene delivery system to overcome extra- and intracellular barriers is a critical issue for the future clinical applications of gene therapy. In recent years much effort has been focused on the development of a variety of DNA carriers, and cationic liposomes have become the most common nonviral gene delivery system. One hundred and eighty novel cationic lipids with asymmetric acyl-cholesteryl hydrophobic tails were synthesized by parallel solid-phase chemistry. The liposomes were prepared and gel retardation assays were used to study the binding efficiency between the prepared liposome and the DNA. Transfection efficiencies of the lipids were evaluated against various mammalian cells, such as human embryonic kidney (HEK293), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), canine osteosarcoma (D17), colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO 205), and human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3) cells. The lipids with an acyl portion at the terminal part of the polyamine backbone exhibited higher transfection efficiency than those with the acyl portion as an internal part of the backbone. These compounds also showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than the commercially available agents, Effectene, DOTAP, and DC-Chol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widchaya Radchatawedchakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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24
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Schnur DM, Beno BR, Tebben AJ, Cavallaro C. Methods for combinatorial and parallel library design. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 672:387-434. [PMID: 20838978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-839-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diversity has historically played a critical role in design of combinatorial libraries, screening sets and corporate collections for lead discovery. Large library design dominated the field in the 1990s with methods ranging anywhere from purely arbitrary through property based reagent selection to product based approaches. In recent years, however, there has been a downward trend in library size. This was due to increased information about the desirable targets gleaned from the genomics revolution and to the ever growing availability of target protein structures from crystallography and homology modeling. Creation of libraries directed toward families of receptors such as GPCRs, kinases, nuclear hormone receptors, proteases, etc., replaced the generation of libraries based primarily on diversity while single target focused library design has remained an important objective. Concurrently, computing grids and cpu clusters have facilitated the development of structure based tools that screen hundreds of thousands of molecules. Smaller "smarter" combinatorial and focused parallel libraries replaced those early un-focused large libraries in the twenty-first century drug design paradigm. While diversity still plays a role in lead discovery, the focus of current library design methods has shifted to receptor based methods, scaffold hopping/bio-isostere searching, and a much needed emphasis on synthetic feasibility. Methods such as "privileged substructures based design" and pharmacophore based design still are important methods for parallel and small combinatorial library design. This chapter discusses some of the possible design methods and presents examples where they are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M Schnur
- Computer Aided Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
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25
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Shestopalov AM, Rodinovskaya LA, Shestopalov AA. Synthesis of substituted thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines and other annulated heterocycles via SN2→Thorpe–Ziegler→Thorpe–Guareschi domino reactions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Hamad Elgazwy ASS, Ismail NS, Elzahabi HS. A convenient synthesis and molecular modeling study of novel purine and pyrimidine derivatives as CDK2/cyclin A3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7639-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Yaziji V, Coelho A, El Maatougui A, Brea J, Loza MI, Garcia-Mera X, Sotelo E. Divergent solution-phase synthesis of diarylpyrimidine libraries as selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:519-22. [PMID: 19472983 DOI: 10.1021/cc900044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A practical and divergent solution-phase synthetic strategy has been optimized to prepare a highly diverse library of 2,4-diaryl- and 2,6-diarylpyrimidines. Structural elaboration of the starting heterocyclic scaffolds was accomplished by exploiting the potential for diversity offered by the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. These studies enabled the identification of structurally simple, highly potent, and selective A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Yaziji
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit and Screening Unit, Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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28
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Huang X, Cao J, Huang J. Solid-phase synthesis of benzofused tricycles based on benzimidazole from resin-bound 3-(2-aminophenylamino)-2-seleno-ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:515-8. [PMID: 19499907 DOI: 10.1021/cc900006z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou, P. R. China
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29
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Lee T, Park JH, Jeon MK, Gong YD. Solid-phase synthesis of 1,3,6-trisubstituted-1H-thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]thiazin-4(3H)one-2,2-dioxide derivatives using traceless linker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:288-93. [PMID: 19127993 DOI: 10.1021/cc8001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new solid-phase route for preparation of 1,3,6-trisubstituted-1H-thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]thiazin-4(3H)one-2,2-dioxide derivatives is described. Our synthetic route is begun with a thiazole resin and relies on the sulfonamide formation, Mitsunobu-type N-alkylation, cyclization, and nucleophilic substitution methodology cleavage on a solid support. The strategy permits the incorporation of three points of diversity into the thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]thiazine ring system in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technologies, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Singseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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30
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Faty RAM, Hussein HAR, Youssef AMS. An Efficient Synthesis of New Substituted Spiro Pyrazolethieno, Pyrimidinethieno, and Benzodiazepinethieno Pyridazine Derivatives with Biological Activities. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903095531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda A. R. Hussein
- b Department of Photochemistry (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Centre , Dokki, Egypt
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31
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Yang F, Zheng L, Xiang J, Dang Q, Bai X. Synthesis of Hexahydrobenzo[b]pyrimido[4,5-h][1,6]naphthyridines via an Intramolecular Hetero-Diels−Alder Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:476-81. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100018b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Yang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 75 Haiwai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 75 Haiwai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 75 Haiwai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qun Dang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 75 Haiwai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 75 Haiwai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
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32
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Gong YD, Lee T. Combinatorial Syntheses of Five-Membered Ring Heterocycles Using Carbon Disulfide and a Solid Support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:393-409. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100049u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea, and Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Singseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea, and Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Singseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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33
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Rolfe A, Lushington GH, Hanson PR. Reagent based DOS: a "Click, Click, Cyclize" strategy to probe chemical space. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2198-203. [PMID: 20401396 PMCID: PMC2888000 DOI: 10.1039/b927161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of small organic molecules as probes for discovering new therapeutic agents has been an important aspect of chemical-biology. Herein we report a reagent-based, diversity-oriented synthetic (DOS) strategy to probe chemical and biological space via a "Click, Click, Cyclize" protocol. In this DOS approach, three sulfonamide linchpins underwent cyclization protocols with a variety of reagents to yield a collection of structurally diverse S-heterocycles. In silico analysis is utilized to evaluate the diversity of the compound collection against chemical space (PC analysis), shape space (PMI) and polar surface area (PSA) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582. ; Fax: +1 785-864-3094; Tel: +1 785-864-5396
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, 2121 Simons Drive, Structural Biology Center, West Campus, Lawrence, KS, 66047; Fax: +1 785-864-8179; Tel: +1 785-864-6115
| | - Gerald. H. Lushington
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, 2121 Simons Drive, Structural Biology Center, West Campus, Lawrence, KS, 66047; Fax: +1 785-864-8179; Tel: +1 785-864-6115
- Molecular Graphics & Modeling Laboratory, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence KS 66045; Fax: +1 785-864-5326; Tel: +1 785-864-1166
| | - Paul. R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582. ; Fax: +1 785-864-3094; Tel: +1 785-864-5396
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, 2121 Simons Drive, Structural Biology Center, West Campus, Lawrence, KS, 66047; Fax: +1 785-864-8179; Tel: +1 785-864-6115
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34
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Efficient alkene synthesis on solid support using the Julia–Kocienski coupling. Mol Divers 2010; 14:847-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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35
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Lee T, Lee D, Lee IY, Gong YD. Solid-phase synthesis of thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives using Friedländer reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:95-9. [PMID: 19954205 DOI: 10.1021/cc900147y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 2,5,6,7-tetrasubstituted thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives is described. Thorpe-Ziegler type cyclization of solid supported cyanocarbonimidodithioate with alpha-halo ketones afforded thiazole resin, which were converted to the desired thiazolopyridine resin by the Friedländer protocol under microwave irradiation conditions. After oxidation of sulfides to sulfones, nucleophilic desulfonative substitution with amines gave the target thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
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36
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Thummanagoti S, Chen CH, Xu ZH, Sun CM. Scaffold-directed and traceless synthesis of tricyclic quinoxalinone imidazoles under microwave irradiation: for SCS-09 special issue-combinatorial approaches to drug discovery. Mol Divers 2010; 15:101-7. [PMID: 20300840 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traceless synthesis of 2-aminoimidazoquinoxalinones has been performed on soluble polymer support under open-vessel microwave dielectric heating. The reaction progression is monitored directly by the conventional proton NMR which indicated no release of the substrate from the support. Fmoc-deprotected amino acid polymer conjugates react with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitro benzene to yield polymer bound dinitro fluoro amines, which are further substituted by various primary amines to yield PEG-immobilized dinitrodiamines. Simultaneous reduction of aromatic meta-dinitro group leads to the traceless release of 2-quinoxalinones, followed by N-hetero cyclization with various isothiocyanates in the presence of mercury(II)chloride to furnish 2-aminoimidazoquinolinone rings with three points of diversity at rapid pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Thummanagoti
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Discovery, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300-10, Taiwan
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37
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Vovk MV, Pinchuk OM, Tolmachov AO, Gakh AA. Synthesis of 1-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-R-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrroles via chain heterocyclization. Molecules 2010; 15:997-1006. [PMID: 20335958 PMCID: PMC6263183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compounds, (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-R-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrroles, were prepared in four steps starting from commercially available 4-trifluoromethoxyaniline. The pyrrole (second ring) was added in one step using the Paal-Knorr method. The thiazole (third ring) was added in three steps using chloroacylation with chloroacetonitrile followed by heterocyclization with thioamides/thioureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo V. Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.V.V.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Oleksandr M. Pinchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrei A. Gakh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6242, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.V.V.); (A.A.G.)
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38
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Poeylaut-Palena AA, Mata EG. Unravelling the olefin cross metathesis on solid support. Factors affecting the reaction outcome. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3947-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c004729e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Cao J, Huang X. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Bis-Heterocyclic Compounds with Skeletal Diversity from Resin-Bound 3-Propargylamino-2-seleno-ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:1-4. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900112s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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40
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Stellmach JA. The influences of the structure and activity of biologically active compounds on the assessment of inventive step. WORLD PATENT INFORMATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wpi.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Kralj D, Friedrich M, Grošelj U, Kiraly-Potpara S, Meden A, Wagger J, Dahmann G, Stanovnik B, Svete J. A synthesis of 1-substituted 5-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Ma X, Shi R, Zhang B, Yan B. Kinetics of resin-supported Mitsunobu esterification and etherification reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:438-45. [PMID: 19260700 DOI: 10.1021/cc900004m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase Mitsunobu reaction is very useful in organic and parallel synthesis. In this work, we optimize the solid-phase Mitsunobu esterification and etherification reactions and investigated their kinetics by single-bead FTIR microspectroscopy method. Thirteen solid-phase Mitsunobu esterification reactions proceeded at rates between 2.5 x 10(-3) and 19 x 10(-3) s(-1), while five etherification reactions at generally slower rates between 3.3 x 10(-3) and 8.9 x 10(-3) s(-1). We discovered that reaction rates, as in solution phase Mitsunobu reactions, linearly correlated to pK(a) values of acids and phenols used in the reaction. By studying side reactions and intermediates, we found that the solid-phase reaction mechanism also bears remarkable similarities to that of solution phase Mitsunobu reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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43
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Baskovc J, Bevk D, Stanovnik B, Svete J. Bis-enaminone based parallel solution-phase synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:500-7. [PMID: 19397313 DOI: 10.1021/cc900032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two variations of a parallel solution-phase synthesis of N-substituted dimethyl 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates 4 and methyl 3-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxylates 9 from dimethyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylate (1) were developed. The first synthetic method comprises preparation of the bis-enaminone reagents 2 and 8 and their cyclization with primary amines 3 via double substitution of both dimethylamino groups to give dihydropyridines (DHPs) 4 and 9, respectively. Another variation consists of preparation of the monoenaminone reagents 5 and 10, followed by substitution of the dimethylamino group with primary amines 3, and cyclization of the so formed intermediates 6 with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMFDMA). In this manner, a library of 46 analytically pure compounds, 24 intermediates 6, 11, and 13, and 22 final dihydropyridines 4 and 9 was obtained employing just a simple filtration workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Baskovc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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44
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Lee T, Park JH, Lee DH, Gong YD. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7-dione derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:495-9. [PMID: 19338271 DOI: 10.1021/cc900023s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An expedient, traceless, solid-phase synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7-dione derivatives has been developed. The solid-phase synthetic route utilizes urea formation by a microwave irradiation promoted reaction of a thiazole amino ester resin with an isocyanate. The resulting urea resin is converted to a thiazolopyrimidinedione resin, containing two diversity elements at N-4 and N-6, by using a one-pot cyclization/N-alkylation process. After oxidation to form a sulfone, nucleophilic C-2 substitution with amines, the third diversity element, gives the target 2,4,6-trisubstituted thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimide-5,7-dione derivatives. This highly efficient solid-phase synthetic sequence enables the incorporation of three points of diversity into the preparation of the thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7-dione ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- Center for High Throughput Synthesis Platform Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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45
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Wang XS, Li Q, Wu JR, Tu SJ. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Pyranoquinoline, Thiopyranoquinoline, Thienoquinoline, and Naphtho[2,7]naphthyridine Derivatives Catalyzed by Iodine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:433-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
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46
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Scott WL, Alsina J, Audu CO, Babaev E, Cook L, Dage JL, Goodwin LA, Martynow JG, Matosiuk D, Royo M, Smith JG, Strong AT, Wickizer K, Woerly EM, Zhou Z, O'Donnell MJ. Distributed Drug Discovery, Part 2: global rehearsal of alkylating agents for the synthesis of resin-bound unnatural amino acids and virtual D(3) catalog construction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:14-33. [PMID: 19105725 PMCID: PMC2651687 DOI: 10.1021/cc800184v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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Distributed Drug Discovery (D3) proposes solving large drug discovery problems by breaking them into smaller units for processing at multiple sites. A key component of the synthetic and computational stages of D3 is the global rehearsal of prospective reagents and their subsequent use in the creation of virtual catalogs of molecules accessible by simple, inexpensive combinatorial chemistry. The first section of this article documents the feasibility of the synthetic component of Distributed Drug Discovery. Twenty-four alkylating agents were rehearsed in the United States, Poland, Russia, and Spain, for their utility in the synthesis of resin-bound unnatural amino acids 1, key intermediates in many combinatorial chemistry procedures. This global reagent rehearsal, coupled to virtual library generation, increases the likelihood that any member of that virtual library can be made. It facilitates the realistic integration of worldwide virtual D3 catalog computational analysis with synthesis. The second part of this article describes the creation of the first virtual D3 catalog. It reports the enumeration of 24 416 acylated unnatural amino acids 5, assembled from lists of either rehearsed or well-precedented alkylating and acylating reagents, and describes how the resulting catalog can be freely accessed, searched, and downloaded by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274, USA.
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47
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Huang X, Xu JF. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2,5-Dihydro-1H-pyrroles, 1,3-Dioxo-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles and 1,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines Using a Supported Selenium Resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:350-4. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (XixiCampus), Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (XixiCampus), Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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48
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Shih HW, Guo CW, Lo KH, Huang MY, Cheng WC. Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Novel Spirooxazolinoisoxazolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:281-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800158t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Shih
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Guo
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kien-Hock Lo
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yang Huang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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49
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Scott WL, O'Donnell MJ. Distributed Drug Discovery, Part 1: linking academia and combinatorial chemistry to find drug leads for developing world diseases. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 11:3-13. [PMID: 19105724 PMCID: PMC2651689 DOI: 10.1021/cc800183m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274, USA.
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50
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Gil C, Bräse S. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Benzoannelated Nitrogen Heterocycles: An Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:175-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800102t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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