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Sarma H, Upadhyaya M, Gogoi B, Phukan M, Kashyap P, Das B, Devi R, Sharma HK. Cardiovascular Drugs: an Insight of In Silico Drug Design Tools. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang Y, Du X, Wang H, He Z, Liu H. Sacubitril-valsartan cocrystal revisited: role of polymer excipients in the formulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:515-526. [PMID: 33280447 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1860940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of polymer excipients on a typical cocrystal for sacubitril (SAC) and valsartan (VAL), aiming to guide optional formulation design and maximize oral bioavailability.Methods: Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were selected. The dissolution/permeation system was used to predict both the kinetics of drug supersaturation and the simple permeation. The intermolecular interaction was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. Pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess the impact of polymer excipients in vivo.Results: Our study found that unappreciated excipients in the formulation, especially some polymers, might compete with the intermolecular hydrogen bonding among the cocrystals components and provide unexpected affinity, and thus leverage the therapeutic benefits. HPMC as a coating excipient used in the Entresto® tablet hampered the supersaturation of API, which led to the poor oral absorption of cocrystals. Conversely, PVP appeared to promote and maintain drug supersaturation, resulting in improved bioavailability of API.Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding the interplay between the cocrystal components and polymers is the key to optimizing the excipients to maximize the performance of cocrystal based oral drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Du
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Emwas AH, Szczepski K, Poulson BG, Chandra K, McKay RT, Dhahri M, Alahmari F, Jaremko L, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M. NMR as a "Gold Standard" Method in Drug Design and Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E4597. [PMID: 33050240 PMCID: PMC7594251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying disease models at the molecular level is vital for drug development in order to improve treatment and prevent a wide range of human pathologies. Microbial infections are still a major challenge because pathogens rapidly and continually evolve developing drug resistance. Cancer cells also change genetically, and current therapeutic techniques may be (or may become) ineffective in many cases. The pathology of many neurological diseases remains an enigma, and the exact etiology and underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Viral infections spread and develop much more quickly than does the corresponding research needed to prevent and combat these infections; the present and most relevant outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, China, illustrates the critical and immediate need to improve drug design and development techniques. Modern day drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive process. Each new drug takes in excess of 10 years to develop and costs on average more than a billion US dollars. This demonstrates the need of a complete redesign or novel strategies. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has played a critical role in drug discovery ever since its introduction several decades ago. In just three decades, NMR has become a "gold standard" platform technology in medical and pharmacology studies. In this review, we present the major applications of NMR spectroscopy in medical drug discovery and development. The basic concepts, theories, and applications of the most commonly used NMR techniques are presented. We also summarize the advantages and limitations of the primary NMR methods in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Ryan T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada;
| | - Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alahmari
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute for Research and Medical, Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
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Kiriakidi S, Chatzigiannis C, Papaemmanouil C, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. Exploring the role of the membrane bilayer in the recognition of candesartan by its GPCR AT1 receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183142. [PMID: 31830465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension in particular are major health risks worldwide and the improvement on their treatment will be beneficial for the human health. AT1R antagonists belong to the sartans family that targets the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) through blocking the hormone angiotensin II to exert its detrimental effects in pathological states. As a consequence, they are beneficial to treat hypertension, diabetes related kidney failure and hyperaemic episodes. Long unbiased Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are performed in order to explore candesartan's possible 2D and 3D diffusion mechanisms towards AT1R receptor. 3D diffusion mechanism is referred to the direct binding of the AT1 antagonist candesartan to the AT1R 3D structure (PDB ID: 4YAY). 2D diffusion mechanism involves first, the incorporation of candesartan in the bilayer core and then its localization on the AT1R binding cavity, through a diffusion mechanism. The obtained results indicate that membranes interact significantly with the neutral form of candesartan, which is indeed approaching the receptors' active site through diffusion via the lipids. On the other hand, the deprotonated form of the drug is interacting with AT1R's extracellular loop and fails to enter the membrane, pointing out the importance of the pH microenvironment around the receptor. To validate the calculated diffusion coefficients of the drug in the lipid bilayers 2D DOSY NMR experiments were recorded and they were in good agreement. Information on the impact that has the interaction of candesartan with the membrane is very important for the rationally design and development of potent ARBs. Thus, its conformational features as well as its localization in the membrane core have to be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kiriakidi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chatzigiannis
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Papaemmanouil
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Jiang H, Wang X, Cui X. Two distinct conformers of SAG investigated by solution NMR and variable-temperature experiments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:83-89. [PMID: 30639932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SAG (Smo agonist) is high specific agonist of Smo receptor, it is widely used as chemical probe to explore the therapeutic value of activating the Hh-signaling pathway. In the present work, the coexistence of two distinct conformers (A and B) of SAG are revealed by solution NMR, the 3D structural difference of the two conformers are elucidated by ROESY spectroscopy and MMFF94 program. It is discovered that both conformers are agonists of Smo receptor, and the minor conformer (conformer B) in D2O solution has higher affinity to Smo receptor by molecular docking. The result showed the detail about two distinct conformers of SAG are involved in activation of Smo receptor, and also provides information for designing more effective agonist of Smo by mimicking B conformer of SAG. By exchange dynamics investigation using variable-temperature NMR experiments, the ratio of two conformers has been shown to be drastically solvent dependent, so, the menstruum type is another important influence factor of SAG bioactivity, when using SAG as chemical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Xiaoliang Cui
- Wuhan Sun-Shine Bio-Technology Corporation Limited, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
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Singh KD, Unal H, Desnoyer R, Karnik SS. Mechanism of Hormone Peptide Activation of a GPCR: Angiotensin II Activated State of AT 1R Initiated by van der Waals Attraction. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:373-385. [PMID: 30608150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a succession of structural changes involved in hormone peptide activation of a prototypical GPCR. Microsecond molecular dynamics simulation generated conformational ensembles reveal propagation of structural changes through key "microswitches" within human AT1R bound to native hormone. The endocrine octa-peptide angiotensin II (AngII) activates AT1R signaling in our bodies which maintains physiological blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Excessive AT1R activation is associated with pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases which are treated by sartan drugs. The mechanism of AT1R inhibition by sartans has been elucidated by 2.8 Å X-ray structures, mutagenesis, and computational analyses. Yet, the mechanism of AT1R activation by AngII is unclear. The current study delineates an activation scheme initiated by AngII binding. A van der Waals "grasp" interaction between Phe8AngII with Ile2887.39 in AT1R induced mechanical strain pulling Tyr2927.43 and breakage of critical interhelical H-bonds, first between Tyr2927.43 and Val1083.32 and second between Asn1113.35 and Asn2957.46. Subsequently changes are observed in conserved microswitches DRYTM3, Yx7K(R)TM5, CWxPTM6, and NPxxYTM7 in AT1R. Activating the microswitches in the intracellular region of AT1R may trigger formation of the G-protein binding pocket as well as exposure of helix-8 to cytoplasm. Thus, the active-like conformation of AT1R is initiated by the van der Waals interaction of Phe8AngII with Ile2887.39, followed by systematic reorganization of critical interhelical H-bonds and activation of microswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuraijam Dhanachandra Singh
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 , United States
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 , United States
| | - Russell Desnoyer
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 , United States
| | - Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 , United States
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7
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Wang L, Yan F. Trans and Cis Conformations of the Antihypertensive Drug Valsartan Respectively Lock the Inactive and Active-like States of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2123-2130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
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Durdagi S, Aksoydan B, Erol I, Kantarcioglu I, Ergun Y, Bulut G, Acar M, Avsar T, Liapakis G, Karageorgos V, Salmas RE, Sergi B, Alkhatib S, Turan G, Yigit BN, Cantasir K, Kurt B, Kilic T. Integration of multi-scale molecular modeling approaches with experiments for the in silico guided design and discovery of novel hERG-Neutral antihypertensive oxazalone and imidazolone derivatives and analysis of their potential restrictive effects on cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 145:273-290. [PMID: 29329002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AT1 antagonists is the most recent drug class of molecules against hypertension and they mediate their actions through blocking detrimental effects of angiotensin II (A-II) when acts on type I (AT1) A-II receptor. The effects of AT1 antagonists are not limited to cardiovascular diseases. AT1 receptor blockers may be used as potential anti-cancer agents - due to the inhibition of cell proliferation stimulated by A-II. Therefore, AT1 receptors and the A-II biosynthesis mechanisms are targets for the development of new synthetic drugs and therapeutic treatment of various cardiovascular and other diseases. In this work, multi-scale molecular modeling approaches were performed and it is found that oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives reveal similar/better interaction energy profiles compared to the FDA approved sartan molecules at the binding site of the AT1 receptor. In silico-guided designed hit molecules were then synthesized and tested for their binding affinities to human AT1 receptor in radioligand binding studies, using [125I-Sar1-Ile8] AngII. Among the compounds tested, 19d and 9j molecules bound to receptor in a dose response manner and with relatively high affinities. Next, cytotoxicity and wound healing assays were performed for these hit molecules. Since hit molecule 19d led to deceleration of cell motility in all three cell lines (NIH3T3, A549, and H358) tested in this study, this molecule is investigated in further tests. In two cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-7) tested, 19d induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in a concentration dependent manner. Adherent cells detached from the plates and underwent cell death possibly due to apoptosis at 19d concentrations that induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Busecan Aksoydan
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Erol
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Isik Kantarcioglu
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Ergun
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulay Bulut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Acar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Timucin Avsar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George Liapakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Vlasios Karageorgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Ramin E Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Sergi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sara Alkhatib
- Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Turan
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfu Nur Yigit
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutay Cantasir
- School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kurt
- School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turker Kilic
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bueno AB, Agejas J, Broughton H, Dally R, Durham TB, Espinosa JF, González R, Hahn PJ, Marcos A, Rodríguez R, Sanz G, Soriano JF, Timm D, Vidal P, Yang HC, McCarthy JR. Optimization of Hydroxyethylamine Transition State Isosteres as Aspartic Protease Inhibitors by Exploiting Conformational Preferences. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9807-9820. [PMID: 29088532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NMR conformational analysis of a hydroxyethylamine peptide isostere developed as an aspartic protease inhibitor shows that it is a flexible architecture. Cyclization to form pyrrolidines, piperidines, or morpholines results in a preorganization of the whole system in solution. The resulting conformation is similar to the conformation of the inhibitor in the active site of BACE-1. This entropic gain results in increased affinity for the enzyme when compared with the acyclic system. For morpholines 27 and 29, the combination of steric and electronic factors is exploited to orient substituents toward S1, S1', and S2' pockets both in the solution and in the bound states. These highly preorganized molecules proved to be the most potent compounds of the series. Additionally, the morpholines, unlike the pyrrolidine and piperidine analogues, have been found to be brain penetrant BACE-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Bueno
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Agejas
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Howard Broughton
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Dally
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Timothy B Durham
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Rosario González
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patric J Hahn
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Alicia Marcos
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Rodríguez
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Sanz
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José F Soriano
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Timm
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Paloma Vidal
- Lilly SA , Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hsiu-Chiung Yang
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - James R McCarthy
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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Hwang HY, Cho SM, Kwon HJ. Approaches for discovering novel bioactive small molecules targeting autophagy. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:909-923. [PMID: 28758515 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1349751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, development of novel bioactive small molecules targeting autophagy has been implicated for autophagy-related disease treatment. Screening new small molecules regulating autophagy allows for the discovery of novel autophagy machinery and therapeutic agents. Areas covered: Two major screening methods for novel autophagy modulators are introduced in this review, namely target based screening and phenotype based screening. With increasing attention focused on chemical compound libraries, coupled with the development of new assay systems, this review attempts to provide an efficient strategy to explore autophagy biology and discover small molecules for the treatment of autophagy-related diseases. Expert opinion: Adopting an appropriate autophagy screening strategy is important for developing small molecules capable of treating neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Phenotype based screening and target based screening were both used for developing effective small molecules. However, each of these methods has many pros and cons. An efficient approach is suggested to screen for novel lead compounds targeting autophagy, which could provide new hits with better efficiency and rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Hwang
- a Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- a Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- a Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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11
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Experimental and DFT characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of a Cu(II)-irbesartan complex: structure-antihypertensive activity relationships in Cu(II)-sartan complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:851-63. [PMID: 27507083 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination compound of the antihypertensive ligand irbesartan (irb) with copper(II) (CuIrb) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman, UV-visible, reflectance and EPR spectroscopies. Experimental evidence allowed the implementation of structural and vibrational studies by theoretical calculations made in the light of the density functional theory (DFT). This compound was designed to induce structural modifications on the ligand. No antioxidant effects were displayed by both compounds, though CuIrb behaved as a weak 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(·)) scavenger (IC50 = 425 μM). The measurements of the contractile capacity on human mesangial cell lines showed that CuIrb improved the antihypertensive effects of the parent medication. In vitro cell growth inhibition against prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU 145) was measured for CuIrb, irbesartan and copper(II). These cell lines have been selected since the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor (that was blocked by the angiotensin receptor blockers, ARB) has been identified in them. The complex exerted anticancer behavior (at 100 μM) improving the activity of the ligand. Flow cytometry determinations were used to determine late apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. Experimental and DFT characterization of an irbesartan copper(II) complex has been performed. The complex exhibits low scavenging activity against DPPH(·) and significant growth inhibition of LNCaP and DU 145 prostate cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry determinations were used to determine late apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. This compound improved the antihypertensive effect of irbesartan. This effect was observed earlier for the mononuclear Cu-candesartan complex, but not in structurally modified sartans forming dinuclear or octanuclear Cu-sartan compounds.
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang Q, Wang JR, Lin KL, Mei X. Amino acids as co-amorphous excipients for tackling the poor aqueous solubility of valsartan. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:69-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2016.1163390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Lei Lin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Durdagi S, Salmas RE, Stein M, Yurtsever M, Seeman P. Binding Interactions of Dopamine and Apomorphine in D2High and D2Low States of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Using Computational and Experimental Techniques. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:185-95. [PMID: 26645629 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) model structures for the active and inactive states of the human dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) using adrenergic crystal structures as templates. Since the therapeutic concentrations of dopamine agonists that suppress the release of prolactin are the same as those that act at the high-affinity state of the D2 receptor (D2High), D2High in the anterior pituitary gland is considered to be the functional state of the receptor. In addition, the therapeutic concentrations of anti-Parkinson drugs are also related to the dissociation constants in the D2High form of the receptor. The discrimination between the high- and low-affinity (D2Low) components of the D2R is not obvious and requires advanced computer-assisted structural biology investigations. Therefore, in this work, the derived D2High and D2Low receptor models (GPCR monomer and dimer three-dimensional structures) are used as drug-binding targets to investigate binding interactions of dopamine and apomorphine. The study reveals a match between the experimental dissociation constants of dopamine and apomorphine at their high- and low-affinity sites of the D2 receptor in monomer and dimer and their calculated dissociation constants. The allosteric receptor-receptor interaction for dopamine D2R dimer is associated with the accessibility of adjacent residues of transmembrane region 4. The measured negative cooperativity between agonist ligand at dopamine D2 receptor is also correctly predicted using the D2R homodimerization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Department
of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Department
of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matthias Stein
- Molecular
Simulations and Design Group, Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mine Yurtsever
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Philip Seeman
- Departments
of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 260 Heath
Street West, Unit 605, M5P 3L6, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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14
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Foscolos AS, Papanastasiou I, Foscolos GB, Tsotinis A, Kellici TF, Mavromoustakos T, Taylor MC, Kelly JM. New hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantanealkanohydrazides: synthesis and in vitro trypanocidal activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantane alkanohydrazides was synthesized and their trypanocidal activity was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki-Sofia Foscolos
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 15784 Athens
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 15784 Athens
| | - George B. Foscolos
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 15784 Athens
| | - Andrew Tsotinis
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 15784 Athens
| | - Tahsin F. Kellici
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Athens
- 15771 Athens
- Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Athens
- 15771 Athens
- Greece
| | - Martin C. Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- London WC1 E7HT
- UK
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- London WC1 E7HT
- UK
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15
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Skotnicki M, Apperley DC, Aguilar JA, Milanowski B, Pyda M, Hodgkinson P. Characterization of Two Distinct Amorphous Forms of Valsartan by Solid-State NMR. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:211-22. [PMID: 26602457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Valsartan (VAL) is an antihypertensive drug marketed in an amorphous form. Amorphous materials can have different physicochemical properties depending on preparation method, thermal history, etc., but the nature of such materials is difficult to study by diffraction techniques. This study characterizes two different amorphous forms of valsartan (AR and AM) using solid-state NMR (SSNMR) as a primary investigation tool, supported by solution-state NMR, FT-IR, TMDSC, and dissolution tests. The two forms are found to be clearly distinct, with a significantly higher level of structural arrangement in the AR form, as observed in (13)C, (15)N, and (1)H SSNMR. (13)C and (15)N NMR indicates that the fully amorphous material (AM) contains an approximately equal ratio of cis-trans conformers about the amide bond, whereas the AR form exists mainly as one conformer, with minor conformational "defects". (1)H ultrafast MAS NMR shows significant differences in the hydrogen bonding involving the tetrazole and acid hydrogens between the two materials, while (15)N NMR shows that both forms exist as a 1,2,3,4-tetrazole tautomer. NMR relaxation times show subtle differences in local and bulk molecular mobility, which can be connected with the glass transition, the stability of the glassy material, and its response to aging. Counterintuitively the fully amorphous material is found to have a significantly lower dissolution rate than the apparently more ordered AR material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Skotnicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences , ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - David C Apperley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Bartłomiej Milanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences , ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Pyda
- Department of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology , 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paul Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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16
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Chung LW, Sameera WMC, Ramozzi R, Page AJ, Hatanaka M, Petrova GP, Harris TV, Li X, Ke Z, Liu F, Li HB, Ding L, Morokuma K. The ONIOM Method and Its Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5678-796. [PMID: 25853797 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wa Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W M C Sameera
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- §Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Galina P Petrova
- ∥Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Boulevard James Bourchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Travis V Harris
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,⊥Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, United States
| | - Xin Li
- #State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- ∇School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- ○Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- ■School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lina Ding
- ▲School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Valsartan is an antihypertensive drug which selectively inhibits angiotensin receptor type II. Generally, valsartan is available as film-coated tablets. This review summarizes thermal analysis, spectroscopy characteristics (UV, IR, MS, and NMR), polymorphism forms, impurities, and related compounds of valsartan. The methods of analysis of valsartan in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids using spectrophotometer, CE, TLC, and HPLC methods are discussed in details. Both official and nonofficial methods are described. It is recommended to use LC-MS method for analyzing valsartan in complex matrices such as biological fluids and herbal preparations; in this case, MRM is preferred than SIM method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febry Ardiana
- Research & Development, Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company, Buduran-Sidoarjo, Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Indrayanto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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18
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Salmas RE, Yurtsever M, Stein M, Durdagi S. Modeling and protein engineering studies of active and inactive states of human dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and investigation of drug/receptor interactions. Mol Divers 2015; 19:321-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Skotnicki M, Aguilar JA, Pyda M, Hodgkinson P. Bisoprolol and bisoprolol-valsartan compatibility studied by differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray powder diffractometry. Pharm Res 2014; 32:414-29. [PMID: 25115829 PMCID: PMC4300422 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal behavior of crystalline and amorphous bisoprolol fumarate and its compatibility with amorphous valsartan. This pharmacologically relevant drug combination is a potential candidate for fixed-dose combination formulation. Methods DSC and TMDSC were used to examine thermal behavior of bisoprolol fumarate. SSNMR and XRPD were applied to probe the solid state forms. The thermal behavior of physical mixtures with different concentrations of bisoprolol and valsartan were examined by DSC and TMDSC, and the observed interactions were investigated by XRPD, solution- and solid-state NMR. Results The phase transitions from thermal methods and solid-state NMR spectra of crystalline and amorphous bisoprolol fumarate are reported. Strong interactions between bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan were observed above 60 C, resulting in the formation of a new amorphous material. Solution- and solid-state NMR provided insight into the molecular nature of the incompatibility. Conclusions A combined analysis of thermal methods, solution- and solid-state NMR and XRPD experiments allowed the investigation of the conformational and dynamic properties of bisoprolol fumarate. Since bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan react to form a new amorphous product, formulation of a fixed-dose combination would require separate reservoirs for bisoprolol and valsartan to prevent interactions. Similar problems might be expected with other excipients or APIs containing carboxylic groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1471-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Skotnicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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20
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Srivilai J, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Suphrom N, Ingkaninan K. Conformational analysis of an anti-androgenic, (E,E)-8-hydroxygermacrene B, using NOESY and dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3526-9. [PMID: 24951332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(E,E)-8-Hydroxygermacrene B was prepared by ketone reduction of germacrone, a naturally occurring compound from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. with NaBH4 at low temperature (4 °C). This compound showed remarkable in vitro anti-androgenic activity (IC50 0.15±0.022 mM) applicable to male baldness treatments. NMR analysis at -50 °C indicated that there were four conformational isomers of (E,E)-8-hydroxygermacrene B in a ratio of 48:40:8:4. The major conformers were assigned by (1)H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR spectroscopy as having methyl groups at C-10 and C-4 in up-down (UD) orientations (48% predominance) and UU (40%). (1)H NMR spectra implied another two minor conformers with these methyls having DU (8%) and DD (4%) orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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21
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Mavromoustakos T, Agelis G, Durdagi S. AT1 antagonists: a patent review (2008 – 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1483-94. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.830104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Blundell CD, Packer MJ, Almond A. Quantification of free ligand conformational preferences by NMR and their relationship to the bioactive conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4976-87. [PMID: 23886813 PMCID: PMC3744816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate unbound solution 3D-structures of ligands provide unique opportunities for medicinal chemistry and, in particular, a context to understand binding thermodynamics and kinetics. Previous methods of deriving these 3D-structures have had neither the accuracy nor resolution needed for drug design and have not yet realized their potential. Here, we describe and apply a NMR methodology to the aminoglycoside streptomycin that can accurately quantify accessible 3D-space and rank the occupancy of observed conformers to a resolution that enables medicinal chemistry understanding and design. Importantly, it is based upon conventional small molecule NMR techniques and can be performed in physiologically-relevant solvents. The methodology uses multiple datasets, an order of magnitude more experimental data than previous NMR approaches and a dynamic model during refinement, is independent of computational chemistry and avoids the problem of virtual conformations. The refined set of solution 3D-shapes for streptomycin can be grouped into two major families, of which the most populated is almost identical to the 30S ribosomal subunit bioactive shape. We therefore propose that accurate unbound ligand solution conformations may, in some cases, provide a subsidiary route to bioactive shape without crystallography. This experimental technique opens up new opportunities for drug design and more so when complemented with protein co-crystal structures, SAR data and pharmacophore modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Blundell
- C4X Discovery Ltd, Unit 310 Ducie House, Ducie Street, Manchester M1 2JW, UK
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23
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Molecular insights into the AT1 antagonism based on biophysical and in silico studies of telmisartan. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Agelis G, Resvani A, Koukoulitsa C, Tůmová T, Slaninová J, Kalavrizioti D, Spyridaki K, Afantitis A, Melagraki G, Siafaka A, Gkini E, Megariotis G, Grdadolnik SG, Papadopoulos MG, Vlahakos D, Maragoudakis M, Liapakis G, Mavromoustakos T, Matsoukas J. Rational design, efficient syntheses and biological evaluation of N,N'-symmetrically bis-substituted butylimidazole analogs as a new class of potent Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:352-70. [PMID: 23376252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetrically bis-substituted imidazole analogs bearing at the N-1 and N-3 two biphenyl moieties ortho substituted either with tetrazole or carboxylate functional groups was designed based on docking studies and utilizing for the first time an extra hydrophobic binding cleft of AT1 receptor. The synthesized analogs were evaluated for their in vitro antagonistic activities (pA2 values) and binding affinities (-logIC50 values) to the Angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Among them, the potassium (-logIC50 = 9.04) and the sodium (-logIC50 = 8.54) salts of 4-butyl-N,N'-bis{[2'-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (12a and 12b, respectively) as well as its free acid 11 (-logIC50 = 9.46) and the 4-butyl-2-hydroxymethyl-N,N'-bis{[2'-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (14) (-logIC50 = 8.37, pA2 = 8.58) showed high binding affinity to the AT1 receptor and high antagonistic activity (potency). The potency was similar or even superior to that of Losartan (-logIC50 = 8.25, pA2 = 8.25). On the contrary, 2-butyl-N,N'-bis{[2'-[2H-tetrazol-5-yl)]biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (27) (-logIC50 = 5.77) and 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-N,N'-bis{[2'-[2H-tetrazol-5-yl)]biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (30) (-logIC50 = 6.38) displayed very low binding affinity indicating that the orientation of the n-butyl group is of primary importance. Docking studies of the representative highly active 12b clearly showed that this molecule has an extra hydrophobic binding feature compared to prototype drug Losartan and it fits to the extra hydrophobic cavity. These results may contribute to the discovery and development of a new class of biologically active molecules through bis-alkylation of the imidazole ring by a convenient and cost effective synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Agelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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25
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Cao C, Mao J, Li F, Yang M, He H, Jiang L, Liu M. Understanding the interaction between valsartan and detergents by NMR techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7470-8. [PMID: 22708715 DOI: 10.1021/jp304304v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Valsartan (VST) is one of the Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, which is widely used in clinical hypertension treatment. It is believed that VST incorporates into biological membranes before it binds to AT(1) receptor. Herein the interactions between VST and detergents, mimicking the membrane environment, were investigated by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We observed that VST has two conformers (trans and cis) exchanging slowly in DPC (dodecyl-phosphocholine) micelles, a widely used detergent. The changes of chemical shifts, relaxation rates, and self-diffusion coefficients of VST protons indicate that both conformers have strong interactions with DPC. NOE cross peaks and MD simulation reveal that DPC interacts with VST not only through the hydrophobic lipid chain, but also the hydrophilic headgroup, locating VST at the charged headgroup and upper part of the micelles. Our results are in good agreement with the Raman spectroscopic studies of VST in the DPPC (dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine) bilayers by Potamitis et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2011). The concentration ratio of trans over cis conformers is 0.94, showing that two conformers have the same affinities with the detergent, which is significantly smaller than our previous results obtained in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) micelles. MD simulation suggested that the cis conformer has slightly lower binding free energy than the trans conformer when interacting with DPC. The conformational change of VST was further investigated in two detergents, CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and Tween-20 (polysorbate 20). Ratios of conformer A and B in the presence of detergents are in the order of DPC, CTAB < Tween-20 < SDS, which is correlated with the charge characters of their head groups. NMR investigations and MD simulations indicate that the electrostatic interaction plays an essential role in the binding process of VST with detergents, and the hydrophobic interaction influences the packing of the drug in the micelles. These results may be of help in understanding delivery processes of sartan drugs in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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26
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Ntountaniotis D, Mali G, Grdadolnik SG, Halabalaki M, Maria H, Skaltsounis AL, Potamitis C, Siapi E, Chatzigeorgiou P, Rappolt M, Mavromoustakos T. Thermal, dynamic and structural properties of drug AT1 antagonist olmesartan in lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2995-3006. [PMID: 21843501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that AT1 antagonists (ARBs) exert their biological action by inserting into the lipid membrane and then diffuse to the active site of AT1 receptor. Thus, lipid bilayers are expected to be actively involved and play a critical role in drug action. For this reason, the thermal, dynamic and structural effects of olmesartan alone and together with cholesterol were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13C magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), cross-polarization (CP) MAS NMR, and Raman spectroscopy as well as small- and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) on dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar vesicles. 13C CP/MAS spectra provided direct evidence for the incorporation of olmesartan and cholesterol in lipid bilayers. Raman and X-ray data revealed how both molecules modify the bilayer's properties. Olmesartan locates itself at the head-group region and upper segment of the lipid bilayers as 13C CP/MAS spectra show that its presence causes significant chemical shift changes mainly in the A ring of the steroidal part of cholesterol. The influence of olmesartan on DPPC/cholesterol bilayers is less pronounced. Although, olmesartan and cholesterol are residing at the same region of the lipid bilayers, due to their different sizes, display distinct impacts on the bilayer's properties. Cholesterol broadens significantly the main transition, abolishes the pre-transition, and decreases the membrane fluidity above the main transition. Olmesartan is the only so far studied ARB that increases the gauche:trans ratio in the liquid crystalline phase. These significant differences of olmesartan may in part explain its distinct pharmacological profile.
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27
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Fotakis C, Christodouleas D, Zoumpoulakis P, Kritsi E, Benetis NP, Mavromoustakos T, Reis H, Gili A, Papadopoulos MG, Zervou M. Comparative Biophysical Studies of Sartan Class Drug Molecules Losartan and Candesartan (CV-11974) with Membrane Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6180-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
- Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou 15771, Greece
| | - Dionysios Christodouleas
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
- Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou 15771, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
- Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolas-Ploutarch Benetis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
- Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou 15771, Greece
| | - Heribert Reis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Argiro Gili
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
- School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Science, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15700 Athens, Greece
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
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28
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Sommer B, Dingersen T, Gamroth C, Schneider SE, Rubert S, Krüger J, Dietz KJ. CELLmicrocosmos 2.2 MembraneEditor: a modular interactive shape-based software approach to solve heterogeneous membrane packing problems. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1165-82. [PMID: 21504163 DOI: 10.1021/ci1003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
New perspectives have been developed to understand the processes of modeling heterogeneous membranes. These are crucial steps prior to applying advanced techniques like molecular dynamic simulations of whole membrane systems. Lipid, protein, and membrane packing problems are addressed based on biochemical properties in combination with computational optimization techniques. The CELLmicrocosmos 2.2 MembraneEditor (CmME) is introduced as an appropriate framework to handle such problems by offering diverse algorithmic approaches. Its algorithm plug-in-interface enables modelers to generate problem-specific algorithms. Good solutions concerning runtime and lipid density are realized by focusing on the outer shapes of the PDB-based molecules. Application cases are presented like the publication-based modeling of inner and outer mitochondrial membrane-fragments, semiautomatic incorporation of proteins, and the assembly of rafts. Concerning geometrical aspects of the lipids, the achieved results are consistent with experimental observations related to lipid densities and distributions. Finally, two membranes simulated with GROMACS are analyzed and compared: the first is generated with conventional scripting techniques, the second with the CmME Distributor algorithm. The examples prove that CmME is a valuable and versatile tool for a broad set of applications in analysis and visualization of biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Sommer
- Bio-/Medical Informatics Department, Bielefeld University , D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Naik P, Murumkar P, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) selective nonpeptidic antagonists—A perspective. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8418-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agelis G, Roumelioti P, Resvani A, Durdagi S, Androutsou ME, Kelaidonis K, Vlahakos D, Mavromoustakos T, Matsoukas J. An efficient synthesis of a rationally designed 1,5 disubstituted imidazole AT(1) angiotensin II receptor antagonist: reorientation of imidazole pharmacophore groups in losartan reserves high receptor affinity and confirms docking studies. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:749-58. [PMID: 20623162 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,5 disubstituted imidazole AT(1) Angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist related to losartan with reversion of butyl and hydroxymethyl groups at the 2-, 5-positions of the imidazole ring was synthesized and evaluated for its antagonist activity (V8). In vitro results indicated that the reorientation of butyl and hydroxymethyl groups on the imidazole template of losartan retained high binding affinity to the AT(1) receptor concluding that the spacing of the substituents at the 2,5- positions is of primary importance. The docking studies are confirmed by binding assay results which clearly show a comparable binding score of the designed compound V8 with that of the prototype losartan. An efficient, regioselective and cost effective synthesis renders the new compound as an attractive candidate for advanced toxicological evaluation and a drug against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Agelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece.
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Interactions at the bilayer interface and receptor site induced by the novel synthetic pyrrolidinone analog MMK3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:422-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li F, Wang L, Xiao N, Yang M, Jiang L, Liu M. Dominant Conformation of Valsartan in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle Environment. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2719-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maili Liu
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Zhu X, Yang C, Shi R. Characterization of the binding of angiotensin II receptor blockers to human serum albumin using docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2009; 16:789-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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