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Li T, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Hu X, Sun Y, Gu X, Luo J, Zhou D, Gao B. Treatment technologies for selenium contaminated water: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118858. [PMID: 35041898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an indispensable trace element for humans and other organisms; however, excessive selenium in water can jeopardize the aquatic environment. Investigations on the biogeochemical cycle of selenium have shown that anthropogenic activities such as mining, refinery, and coal combustion mainly contribute to aquatic selenium pollution, imposing tremendous risks on ecosystems and human beings. Various technologies thus have been developed recently to treat selenium contaminated water to reduce its environmental impacts. This work provides a critical review on the applications, characteristics, and latest developments of current treatment technologies for selenium polluted water. It first outlines the present status of the characteristics, sources, and toxicity of selenium in water. Selenium treatment technologies are then classified into three categories: 1) physicochemical separation including membrane filtration, adsorption, coagulation/precipitation, 2) redox decontamination including chemical reduction and catalysis, and 3) biological transformation including microbial treatment and constructed wetland. Details of these methods including their overall efficiencies, applicability, advantages and drawbacks, and latest developments are systematically analyzed and compared. Although all these methods are promising in treating selenium in water, further studies are still needed to develop sustainable strategies based on existing and new technologies. Perspectives on future research directions are laid out at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Francisco PCM, Matsumura D, Kikuchi R, Ishidera T, Tachi Y. Selenide [Se(-II)] Immobilization in Anoxic, Fe(II)-Rich Environments: Coprecipitation and Behavior during Phase Transformations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3011-3020. [PMID: 35133799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The radionuclide selenium-79 (Se-79) is predicted to be a key contributor to the long-term radiologic hazards associated with geological high-level waste (HLW) repositories; hence its release is of pertinent concern in the safety assessment of repositories. However, interactions of reduced Se species with aqueous Fe(II) species and solid phases arising from the corrosion of a steel overpack could play a role in mitigating its migration to the surrounding environment. In this study, we examined the immobilization mechanisms of Se(-II) during its interaction with aqueous Fe(II) and freshly precipitated Fe(OH)2 at circumneutral and alkaline conditions, respectively, its response to changes in pH, and its behavior during aging at 90 °C. Using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, we observed β-FeSe precipitation, regardless of whether Se(-II) reacts with aqueous species or solid phases, and that modifying the pH following initial immobilization did not remobilize Se(-II). These observations indicate that Se(-II) migration beyond the overpack can be effectively and rapidly retarded via interactions with Fe(II) species arising from overpack corrosion. Thermodynamic calculations, however, showed that iron selenides became metastable at alkaline conditions and will dissolve in the long term. Aging experiments at 90 °C showed that Se(-II) can be completely retained via the crystallization of ferroselite at circumneutral conditions, while it will be largely remobilized at alkaline conditions. Our results show that Se(-II) mobility can be significantly influenced by its interactions with the corrosion products of the steel overpack and that these behaviors will have to be considered in repository safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clarence M Francisco
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
| | - Daiju Matsumura
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1-1 Koto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Environmental Geology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishidera
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
| | - Yukio Tachi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
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Han D, Xiong S, Jia W, Chen S, Wei Y, Shao H, Huang W. Separation of selenium species in plant tissues by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet treatment-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry using various mobile phases. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1911682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Microelement Research Center, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Simeng Chen
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Wei
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Huifang Shao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wuxing Huang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Xia S, Xu X, Zhou L. Insights into selenate removal mechanism of hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor for nitrate-polluted groundwater treatment based on anaerobic biofilm analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:123-129. [PMID: 30999180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The selenate removal mechanism of hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for nitrate-polluted groundwater treatment was studied based on anaerobic biofilm analysis. A laboratory-scale MBfR was operated for over 60 days with electron balance, structural analysis, and bacterial community identification. Results showed that anaerobic biofilm had an excellent removal of both selenate (95%) and nitrate (100%). Reduction of Selenate → Selenite → Se0 with hydrogen was the main pathway of anaerobic biofilm for selenate removal with amorphous Se0 precipitate accumulating in the biofilm. The element selenium was observed to be evenly distributed along the cross-sectional thin biofilm. A part of selenate (3%) was also reduced into methyl-selenide by heterotrophic bacteria. Additionally, Hydrogenophaga bacteria of β-Proteobacteria, capable of both nitrate and selenate removal, worked as the dominant species (over 85%) in the biofilm and contributed to the stable removal of both nitrate and selenate. With the selenate input, bacteria with a capacity for both selenate and nitrate removal were also developed in the anaerobic biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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LeBlanc KL, Kumkrong P, Mercier PHJ, Mester Z. Selenium analysis in waters. Part 2: Speciation methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1635-1651. [PMID: 29935780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, there is often no correlation between the total concentration of selenium present in the water column and the toxic effects observed in that environment. This is due, in part, to the variation in the bioavailability of different selenium species to organisms at the base of the aquatic food chain. The first part of this review (Kumkrong et al., 2018) discusses regulatory framework and standard methodologies for selenium analysis in waters. In this second article, we are reviewing the state of speciation analysis and importance of speciation data for decision makers in industry and regulators. We look in detail at fractionation methods for speciation, including the popular selective sequential hydride generation. We examine advantages and limitations of these methods, in terms of achievable detection limits and interferences from other matrix species, as well as the potential to over- or under-estimate operationally-defined fractions based on the various conversion steps involved in fractionation processes. Additionally, we discuss methods of discrete speciation (through separation methods), their importance in analyzing individual selenium species, difficulties associated with their implementation, as well as ways to overcome these difficulties. We also provide a brief overview of biological treatment methods for the remediation of selenium-contaminated waters. We discuss the importance of selenium speciation in the application of these methods and their potential to actually increase the bioavailability of selenium despite decreasing its total waterborne concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L LeBlanc
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paramee Kumkrong
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick H J Mercier
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Redox-stat bioreactors for elucidating mobilisation mechanisms of trace elements: an example of As-contaminated mining soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7635-7641. [PMID: 29931602 PMCID: PMC6097752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The environmental fate of major (e.g. C, N, S, Fe and Mn) and trace (e.g. As, Cr, Sb, Se and U) elements is governed by microbially catalysed reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. Mesocosms are routinely used to elucidate trace metal fate on the basis of correlations between biogeochemical proxies such as dissolved element concentrations, trace element speciation and dissolved organic matter. However, several redox processes may proceed simultaneously in natural soils and sediments (particularly, reductive Mn and Fe dissolution and metal/metalloid reduction), having a contrasting effect on element mobility. Here, a novel redox-stat (Rcont) bioreactor allowed precise control of the redox potential (159 ± 11 mV, ~ 2 months), suppressing redox reactions thermodynamically favoured at lower redox potential (i.e. reductive mobilisation of Fe and As). For a historically contaminated mining soil, As release could be attributed to desorption of arsenite [As(III)] and Mn reductive dissolution. By contrast, the control bioreactor (Rnat, with naturally developing redox potential) showed almost double As release (337 vs. 181 μg g-1) due to reductive dissolution of Fe (1363 μg g-1 Fe2+ released; no Fe2+ detected in Rcont) and microbial arsenate [As(V)] reduction (189 μg g-1 released vs. 46 μg g-1 As(III) in Rcont). A redox-stat bioreactor thus represents a versatile tool to study processes underlying mobilisation and sequestration of other trace elements as well.
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7
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Fakra SC, Luef B, Castelle CJ, Mullin SW, Williams KH, Marcus MA, Schichnes D, Banfield JF. Correlative Cryogenic Spectromicroscopy to Investigate Selenium Bioreduction Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:503-512. [PMID: 26371540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate mapping of the composition and structure of minerals and associated biological materials is critical in geomicrobiology and environmental research. Here, we have developed an apparatus that allows the correlation of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and synchrotron hard X-ray microprobe (SHXM) data sets to precisely determine the distribution, valence state, and structure of selenium in biofilms sampled from a contaminated aquifer near Rifle, CO. Results were replicated in the laboratory via anaerobic selenate-reducing enrichment cultures. 16S rRNA analyses of field-derived biofilm indicated the dominance of Betaproteobacteria from the Comamonadaceae family and uncultivated members of the Simplicispira genus. The major product in field and culture-derived biofilms is ∼25-300 nm red amorphous Se0 aggregates of colloidal nanoparticles. Correlative analyses of the cultures provided direct evidence for the microbial dissimilatory reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) to Se0. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy showed red amorphous Se0 with a first shell Se-Se interatomic distance of 2.339 ± 0.003 Å. Complementary scanning transmission X-ray microscopy revealed that these aggregates are strongly associated with a protein-rich biofilm matrix. These findings have important implications for predicting the stability and mobility of Se bioremediation products and understanding of Se biogeochemical cycling. The approach, involving the correlation of cryo-SHXM and cryo-TEM data sets from the same specimen area, is broadly applicable to biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine C Fakra
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Birgit Luef
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cindy J Castelle
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sean W Mullin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth H Williams
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Denise Schichnes
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source and ∥Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Thin-layer chromatography combined with diode laser thermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of selenomethionine and selenocysteine in algae and yeast. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gonzalez-Gil G, Lens PNL, Saikaly PE. Selenite Reduction by Anaerobic Microbial Aggregates: Microbial Community Structure, and Proteins Associated to the Produced Selenium Spheres. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27199909 PMCID: PMC4844624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain types of anaerobic granular sludge, which consists of microbial aggregates, can reduce selenium oxyanions. To envisage strategies for removing those oxyanions from wastewater and recovering the produced elemental selenium (Se(0)), insights into the microbial community structure and synthesis of Se(0) within these microbial aggregates are required. High-throughput sequencing showed that Veillonellaceae (c.a. 20%) and Pseudomonadaceae (c.a.10%) were the most abundant microbial phylotypes in selenite reducing microbial aggregates. The majority of the Pseudomonadaceae sequences were affiliated to the genus Pseudomonas. A distinct outer layer (∼200 μm) of selenium deposits indicated that bioreduction occurred in the outer zone of the microbial aggregates. In that outer layer, SEM analysis showed abundant intracellular and extracellular Se(0) (nano)spheres, with some cells having high numbers of intracellular Se(0) spheres. Electron tomography showed that microbial cells can harbor a single large intracellular sphere that stretches the cell body. The Se(0) spheres produced by the microorganisms were capped with organic material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of extracted Se(0) spheres, combined with a mathematical approach to analyzing XPS spectra from biological origin, indicated that proteins and lipids were components of the capping material associated to the Se(0) spheres. The most abundant proteins associated to the spheres were identified by proteomic analysis. Most of the proteins or peptide sequences capping the Se(0) spheres were identified as periplasmic outer membrane porins and as the cytoplasmic elongation factor Tu protein, suggesting an intracellular formation of the Se(0) spheres. In view of these and previous findings, a schematic model for the synthesis of Se(0) spheres by the microorganisms inhabiting the granular sludge is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gonzalez-Gil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationDelft, Netherlands
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Delft, Netherlands
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Yu D, Liu J, Sui Q, Wei Y. Biogas-pH automation control strategy for optimizing organic loading rate of anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating high COD wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:62-70. [PMID: 26722804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Control of organic loading rate (OLR) is essential for anaerobic digestion treating high COD wastewater, which would cause operation failure by overload or less efficiency by underload. A novel biogas-pH automation control strategy using the combined gas-liquor phase monitoring was developed for an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating high COD (27.53 g·L(-1)) starch wastewater. The biogas-pH strategy was proceeded with threshold between biogas production rate >98 Nml·h(-1) preventing overload and pH>7.4 preventing underload, which were determined by methane production kinetics and pH titration of methanogenesis slurry, respectively. The OLR and the effluent COD were doubled as 11.81 kgCOD·kgVSS(-1)·d(-1) and halved as 253.4 mg·L(-1), respectively, comparing with a constant OLR control strategy. Meanwhile COD removal rate, biogas yield and methane concentration were synchronously improved to 99.1%, 312 Nml·gCODin(-1) and 74%, respectively. Using the biogas-pH strategy, AnMBR formed a "pH self-regulation ternary buffer system" which seizes carbon dioxide and hence provides sufficient buffering capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jibao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi Province, China.
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11
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Quantification of volatile-alkylated selenium and sulfur in complex aqueous media using solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:11-20. [PMID: 26150251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biologically produced volatile-alkylated Se and S compounds play an important role in the global biogeochemical Se and S cycles, are important constituents of odorous industrial emissions, and contribute to (off-)flavors in food and beverages. This study presents a fully automated direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) method coupled with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of 10 volatile-alkylated Se and S compounds in complex aqueous media. Instrumental parameters of the SPME procedure were optimized to yield extraction efficiencies of up to 96% from complex aqueous matrices. The effects of sample matrix composition and analyte transformation during sample storage were critically assessed. With the use of internal standards and procedural calibrations, the DI-SPME-GC/MS method allows for trace-level quantification of volatile Se and S compounds in the ng/L range (e.g. down to 30 ng/L dimethyl sulfide and 75 ng/L dimethyl selenide). The applicability and robustness of the presented method demonstrate that the method may be used to quantify volatile Se and S compounds in complex aqueous samples, such as industrial effluents or food and beverage samples.
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12
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Abstract
In nature, selenium is actively cycled between oxic and anoxic habitats, and this cycle plays an important role in carbon and nitrogen mineralization through bacterial anaerobic respiration. Selenium-respiring bacteria (SeRB) are found in geographically diverse, pristine or contaminated environments and play a pivotal role in the selenium cycle. Unlike its structural analogues oxygen and sulfur, the chalcogen selenium and its microbial cycling have received much less attention by the scientific community. This review focuses on microorganisms that use selenate and selenite as terminal electron acceptors, in parallel to the well-studied sulfate-reducing bacteria. It overviews the significant advancements made in recent years on the role of SeRB in the biological selenium cycle and their ecological role, phylogenetic characterization, and metabolism, as well as selenium biomineralization mechanisms and environmental biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P N L Lens
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
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13
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Villa-Gomez DK, van Hullebusch ED, Maestro R, Farges F, Nikitenko S, Kramer H, Gonzalez-Gil G, Lens PNL. Morphology, mineralogy, and solid-liquid phase separation characteristics of Cu and Zn precipitates produced with biogenic sulfide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:664-673. [PMID: 24164296 DOI: 10.1021/es402795x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, mineralogy, and solid-liquid phase separation of the Cu and Zn precipitates formed with sulfide produced in a sulfate-reducing bioreactor were studied at pH 3, 5, and 7. The precipitates formed at pH 7 display faster settling rates, better dewaterability, and higher concentrations of settleable solids as compared to the precipitates formed at pH 3 and 5. These differences were linked to the agglomeration of the sulfidic precipitates and coprecipitation of the phosphate added to the bioreactor influent. The Cu and Zn quenched the intensity of the dissolved organic matter peaks identified by fluorescence-excitation emission matrix spectroscopy, suggesting a binding mechanism that decreases supersaturation, especially at pH 5. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analyses confirmed the precipitation of Zn-S as sphalerite and Cu-S as covellite in all samples, but also revealed the presence of Zn sorbed on hydroxyapatite. These analyses further showed that CuS structures remained amorphous regardless of the pH, whereas the ZnS structure was more organized at pH 5 as compared to the ZnS formed at pH 3 and 7, in agreement with the cubic sphalerite-type structures observed through scanning electron microscopy at pH 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Villa-Gomez
- Pollution Prevention and Resource Recovery Chair Group, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education , P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
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14
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Hennebel T, Boon N, Maes S, Lenz M. Biotechnologies for critical raw material recovery from primary and secondary sources: R&D priorities and future perspectives. N Biotechnol 2013; 32:121-7. [PMID: 23994422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Europe is confronted with an increasing supply risk of critical raw materials. These can be defined as materials of which the risks of supply shortage and their impacts on the economy are higher compared to most of other raw materials. Within the framework of the EU Innovation Partnership on raw materials Initiative, a list of 14 critical materials was defined, including some bulk metals, industrial minerals, the platinum group metals and rare earth elements. To tackle the supply risk challenge, innovation is required with respect to sustainable primary mining, substitution of critical metals, and urban mining. In these three categories, biometallurgy can play a crucial role. Indeed, microbe-metal interactions have been successfully applied on full scale to win materials from primary sources, but are not sufficiently explored for metal recovery or recycling. On the one hand, this article gives an overview of the microbial strategies that are currently applied on full scale for biomining; on the other hand it identifies technologies, currently developed in the laboratory, which have a perspective for large scale metal recovery and the needs and challenges on which bio-metallurgical research should focus to achieve this ambitious goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hennebel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Synthia Maes
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Winkel LHE, Johnson CA, Lenz M, Grundl T, Leupin OX, Amini M, Charlet L. Environmental selenium research: from microscopic processes to global understanding. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:571-9. [PMID: 22129299 DOI: 10.1021/es203434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a natural trace element that is of fundamental importance to human health. The extreme geographical variation in selenium concentrations in soils and food crops has resulted in significant health problems related to deficient or excess levels of selenium in the environment. To deal with these kinds of problems in the future it is essential to get a better understanding of the processes that control the global distribution of selenium. The recent development of analytical techniques and methods enables accurate selenium measurements of environmental concentrations, which will lead to a better understanding of biogeochemical processes. This improved understanding may enable us to predict the distribution of selenium in areas where this is currently unknown. These predictions are essential to prevent future Se health hazards in a world that is increasingly affected by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny H E Winkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
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16
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Dong F, Zhao QB, Li WW, Sheng GP, Zhao JB, Tang Y, Yu HQ, Kubota K, Li YY, Harada H. Novel online monitoring and alert system for anaerobic digestion reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:9093-100. [PMID: 21916415 DOI: 10.1021/es202245f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective monitoring and diagnosis of anaerobic digestion processes is a great challenge for anaerobic digestion reactors, which limits their stable operation. In this work, an online monitoring and alert system for upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors is developed on the basis of a set of novel evaluating indexes. The two indexes, i.e., stability index S and auxiliary index a, which incorporate both gas- and liquid-phase parameters for UASB, enable a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of reactor status. A series of shock tests is conducted to evaluate the response of the monitoring and alert system to organic overloading, hydraulic, temperature, and toxicant shocks. The results show that this system enables an accurate and rapid monitoring and diagnosis of the reactor status, and offers reliable early warnings on the potential risks. As the core of this system, the evaluating indexes are demonstrated to be of high accuracy and sensitivity in process evaluation and good adaptability to the artificial intelligence and automated control apparatus. This online monitoring and alert system presents a valuable effort to promote the automated monitoring and control of anaerobic digestion process, and holds a high promise for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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