1
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Oxidative degradation of acetaminophen using superoxide ion generated in ionic liquid/aprotic solvent binary system. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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2
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Liu X, Fan X, Liu B, Ding J, Deng Y, Han X, Zhong C, Hu W. Mapping the Design of Electrolyte Materials for Electrically Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006461. [PMID: 34050684 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ERZABs) have attracted substantial research interest as one of the best candidate power sources for electric vehicles, grid-scale energy storage, and portable electronics owing to their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, the realization of ERZABs with long cycle life and high energy and power densities is still a considerable challenge. The electrolyte, which serves as the ionic conductor, is one of the core components of ERZABs, as it plays a significant role during the discharge-charge process and greatly influences the rechargeability, operating voltage, lifespan, power density, and safety of ERZABs. Herein, the fundamental electrochemistry of electrolyte materials for ERZABs and the associated challenges are presented. Furthermore, recent advances in electrolyte materials for ERZABs, including alkaline aqueous electrolytes, nonalkaline electrolytes, ionic liquids, and semisolid-state electrolytes are discussed. This work aims to provide insights into the future exploration of high-performance electrolytes and thus promote the development of ERZABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiayue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yida Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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3
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Yao J, Tan SY, Metcalfe PI, Fennell PS, Kelsall GH, Hallett JP. Demetallization of Sewage Sludge Using Low-Cost Ionic Liquids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5291-5300. [PMID: 33725441 PMCID: PMC8154363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sludge produced from wastewater treatment has little to no value and is typically treated through volume reduction techniques, such as dewatering, thickening, or digestion. However, these methods inherently increase heavy metal concentrations, which makes the sludge unsuitable for land spreading and difficult to dispose of, owing to strict legal requirements/regulations concerning these metals. We addressed this problem, for the first time, by using recyclable low-cost protic ionic liquids to complex these toxic metals through a chemical fractionation process. Sewage sludge samples collected from wastewater plants in the UK were heated with methylimidazolium chloride ([Hmim]Cl, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4]) and dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DMBA][HSO4]) under various operating temperatures, times and solids loadings to separate the sludge from its metal contaminants. Analysis of the residual solid product and metal-rich ionic liquid liquor using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry showed that [Hmim]Cl extracted >90% of CdII, NiII, ZnII, and PbII without altering the phosphorus content, while other toxic metals such as CrIII, CrVI and AsIII were more readily removed (>80%) with [TEA][HSO4]. We test the recyclability of [Hmim]Cl, showing insignificant efficiency losses over 6 cycles and discuss the possibilities of using electrochemical deposition to prevent the buildup of metal in the IL. This approach opens up new avenues for sewage sludge valorization, including potential applications in emulsion fuels or fertilizer development, accessed by techno-economic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
G. Yao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sze-yin Tan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip I. Metcalfe
- Efficiency
Technologies, Bluecube House, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire MK12 5TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Fennell
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey H. Kelsall
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Halilu A, Hayyan M, Aroua MK, Yusoff R, Hizaddin HF. Mechanistic insights into carbon dioxide utilization by superoxide ion generated electrochemically in ionic liquid electrolyte. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1114-1126. [PMID: 33346756 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04903d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the reaction mechanism that controls the one-electron electrochemical reduction of oxygen is essential for sustainable use of the superoxide ion (O2˙-) during CO2 conversion. Here, stable generation of O2˙- in butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMAmm+][TFSI-] ionic liquid (IL) was first detected at -0.823 V vs. Ag/AgCl using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The charge transfer coefficient associated with the process was ∼0.503. It was determined that [BMAmm+][TFSI-] is a task-specific IL with a large negative isovalue surface density accrued from the [BMAmm+] cation with negatively charged C(sp2) and C(sp3). Consequently, [BMAmm+][TFSI-] is less susceptible to the nucleophilic effect of O2˙- because only 8.4% O2˙- decay was recorded from 3 h long-term stability analysis. The CV analysis also detected that O2˙- mediated CO2 conversion in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] at -0.806 V vs. Ag/AgCl as seen by the disappearance of the oxidative faradaic current of O2˙-. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) detected the mechanism of O2˙- generation and CO2 conversion in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] for the first time. The EIS parameters in O2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-] were different from those detected in O2/CO2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-] or CO2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-]. This was rationalized to be due to the formation of a [BMAmm+][TFSI-] film on the GC electrode, creating a 2.031 × 10-9 μF cm-2 double-layer capacitance (CDL). Therefore, during the O2˙- generation and CO2 utilization in [BMAmm+][TFSI-], the CDL increased to 5.897 μF cm-2 and 7.763 μF cm-2, respectively. The CO2 in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] was found to be highly unlikely to be electrochemically converted due to the high charge transfer resistance of 6.86 × 1018 kΩ. Subsequently, O2˙- directly mediated the CO2 conversion through a nucleophilic addition reaction pathway. These results offer new and sustainable opportunities for utilizing CO2 by reactive oxygen species in ionic liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Halilu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. and University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Maan Hayyan
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. and Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Muscat University, P. O. Box 550, Muscat, P.C. 130, Oman
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. and Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Rozita Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hanee F Hizaddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. and University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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5
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Yu L, Liu J, Yin W, Yu J, Chen R, Song D, Liu Q, Li R, Wang J. Ionic liquid combined with NiCo2O4/rGO enhances electrochemical oxygen sensing. Talanta 2020; 209:120515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Halilu A, Hayyan M, Aroua MK, Yusoff R, Hizaddin HF. In Situ Electrosynthesis of Peroxydicarbonate Anion in Ionic Liquid Media Using Carbon Dioxide/Superoxide System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25928-25939. [PMID: 31305059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate engineering solutions with emphasis on CO2 removal remain a global open challenge to balancing atmospheric CO2 equilibrium levels. As a result, warnings of impending climate disasters are growing every day in urgency. Beyond ordinary CO2 removal through natural CO2 sinks such as oceans and forest vegetation, direct CO2 conversion into valuable intermediaries is necessary. Here, a direct electrosynthesis of the peroxydicarbonate anion (C2O62-) was investigated by the reaction of CO2 with the superoxide ion (O2·-), electrochemically generated from O2 reduction in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [TFSI-] anion derived ionic liquid (IL) media. This is the first time that the IL media were employed successfully for CO2 conversion into C2O62-. Moreover, the charge transfer coefficient for the O2·- generation process in the ILs was less than 0.5, indicating that the process was irreversible. Voltammetry experiments coupled with global electrophilicity index analysis revealed that, when CO2/O2 was contacted simultaneously in the IL medium, O2·- was generated in situ first at a potential of approximately -1.0 V. Also, CO2 was more susceptible to attack by O2·- before any possible interaction with the IL except for [PMIm+][TFSI-]. This was because CO2 has a higher global electrophilicity index (ωCO2 = 0.489 eV) than those for the [EDMPAmm+][TFSI-] and [MOEMMor+][TFSI-]. By further COSMO-RS modeling, CO2 absorption was proven feasible at the COSMO-surface of the [TFSI-] IL-anion where the charge densities were σ = -1.100 and 1.1097 e/nm2. Therefore, the susceptible competitiveness of either IL cations or CO2 to the nucleophilic effects of O2·- was a function of their positive character as estimated by their electrophilicity indices. As determined by experimental attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and DFT-FTIR computation, the reaction yielded C2O62- in the ILs. Consequently, the presence of O=O symmetric stretching FTIR vibrational mode at ∼844 cm-1 coupled with the disappearance of the oxidative cyclic voltammetry waves when sparging CO2 and O2 confirmed the presence of C2O62-. Moreover, based on DFT/B3LYP/6-31G, pure C2O62- has symmetric O=O stretching at ∼805 and ∼844 cm-1 when it is in association with the IL-cation. This was the first spectroscopic observation of C2O62- in ILs, and the O=O symmetric stretching vibration has peculiarity for identifying C2O62- in ILs. This will open new doors to utilize CO2 in industrial applications with the aid of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maan Hayyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Sohar University , P. O. Box 44, Sohar P.C. 311 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology , Sunway University , Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya , Malaysia
- Department of Engineering , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YW , U.K
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7
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AlSaleem SS, Zahid WM, Alnashef IM, Haider H. Destruction of environmentally hazardous halogenated hydrocarbons in stable ionic liquids with superoxide ion radical. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Bozorgchenani M, Fischer P, Schnaidt J, Diemant T, Schwarz RM, Marinaro M, Wachtler M, Jörissen L, Behm RJ. Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution in Mg‐Free and Mg–Containing Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐1‐Methylpyrrolidinium Bis (Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Bozorgchenani
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Philipp Fischer
- ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg Helmholtzstr. 8 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Johannes Schnaidt
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 D-89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Rainer M. Schwarz
- ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg Helmholtzstr. 8 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mario Marinaro
- ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg Helmholtzstr. 8 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mario Wachtler
- ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg Helmholtzstr. 8 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig Jörissen
- ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg Helmholtzstr. 8 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 D-89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 D-89081 Ulm Germany
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9
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Gondosiswanto R, Hibbert DB, Fang Y, Zhao C. Redox Recycling Amplification Using an Interdigitated Microelectrode Array for Ionic Liquid-Based Oxygen Sensors. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3950-3957. [PMID: 29481063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new design for a membrane-free gas sensor modified with a thin layer of ionic liquid is described. The new approach uses miniaturized interdigitated microelectrodes for detecting gases having reversible electrochemistry, for example, dioxygen. Analyte molecules are reduced on the first working electrode, creating an intermediate species (e.g., superoxide, O2•-, from dioxygen) that can be reoxidized back to the original molecule at the second working electrode. The loop of redox reactions enhances the measured current, leading to high sensitivity (3.29 ± 0.06 nA cm-2 ppm-1) and low detection limit (LOD = 174 ppm). The gas sensor design was demonstrated to monitor typical concentrations of oxygen with good accuracy and precision. The enhancement in the current is characteristic only of gas molecules with reversible electrochemistry, which indicates that the proposed gas sensor can analyze these molecules with greater sensitivity over those with irreversible electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Brynn Hibbert
- School of Chemistry , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
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10
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Gondosiswanto R, Hibbert DB, Fang Y, Zhao C. Ionic Liquid Microstrips Impregnated with Magnetic Nanostirrers for Sensitive Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43377-43385. [PMID: 29144124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (IL) have been regarded as promising electrolytes as substitutes for volatile aqueous or organic solvents for electrochemical gas sensors. However, ILs are viscous, and the slow diffusion of gas molecules leads to poor sensitivity and sluggish response times. Herein, we describe a strategy using an array of microstrips of IL containing magnetic nanoparticles as nanostirrers for enhanced mass transport and gas sensing. Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are synthesized and dispersed in a hydrophobic IL [BMP][Ntf2]. First, the convection effect of the IL dispersion was studied using the reversible redox couple ferrocene/ferrocenium ion. In a rotating magnetic field, steady-state currents for oxidation of dissolved ferrocene are three to five times greater than that in an unstirred solution. Then, the IL dispersion is micropatterned onto a gold electrode using microcontact printing. A self-assembled monolayer was printed onto a gold surface creating 70 μm wide hydrophobic lines with a 30 μm gap between them. Upon applying the IL dispersion into the gap, a 30 μm wide array of microstrips was successfully fabricated. The system is demonstrated as an oxygen sensor in the range of volume fraction of O2 of 50-500 ppm giving a linear calibration with a sensitivity of 1.94 nA cm-2 ppm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Brynn Hibbert
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, PR China
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11
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Al Sadat WI, Archer LA. The O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell: A system for CO2 capture/conversion and electric power generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600968. [PMID: 27453949 PMCID: PMC4956394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Economical and efficient carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies are a requirement for successful implementation of global action plans to reduce carbon emissions and to mitigate climate change. These technologies are also essential for longer-term use of fossil fuels while reducing the associated carbon footprint. We demonstrate an O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell as a new approach to sequester CO2 emissions and, at the same time, to generate substantial amounts of electrical energy. We report on the fundamental principles that guide operations of these cells using multiple intrusive electrochemical and physical analytical methods, including chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and coupled thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On this basis, we demonstrate that an electrochemical cell that uses metallic aluminum as anode and a carbon dioxide/oxygen gas mixture as the active material in the cathode provides a path toward electrochemical generation of a valuable (C2) species and electrical energy. Specifically, we show that the cell first reduces O2 at the cathode to form superoxide intermediates. Chemical reaction of the superoxide with CO2 sequesters the CO2 in the form of aluminum oxalate, Al2(C2O4)3, as the dominant product. On the basis of an analysis of the overall CO2 footprint, which considers emissions associated with the production of the aluminum anode and the CO2 captured/abated by the Al/CO2-O2 electrochemical cell, we conclude that the proposed process offers an important strategy for net reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Jalilov AS, Zhang C, Samuel EG, Sikkema WKA, Wu G, Berka V, Kent TA, Tsai AL, Tour JM. Mechanistic Study of the Conversion of Superoxide to Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide in Carbon Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15086-92. [PMID: 27245481 PMCID: PMC4920082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) are oxidized carbon nanoparticles with a high affinity for electrons. The electron accepting strength of HCCs, employing the efficient conversion of superoxide (O2(•-)) to molecular oxygen (O2) via single-electron oxidation, was monitored using cyclic voltammetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that HCCs possess O2 reduction reaction (ORR) capabilities through a two-electron process with the formation of H2O2. By comparing results from aprotic solvents to those obtained from ORR activity in aqueous media, we propose a mechanism for the origin of the antioxidant and superoxide dismutase mimetic properties of poly(ethylene glycolated) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaz S. Jalilov
- Department of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, and Department of
Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice
University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, and Department of
Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice
University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Errol
L. G. Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, and Department of
Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice
University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - William K. A. Sikkema
- Department of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, and Department of
Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice
University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Hematology, Department
of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Vladimir Berka
- Hematology, Department
of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases,
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Hematology, Department
of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- E-mail:
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, and Department of
Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice
University, 6100 Main
Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- E-mail:
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14
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Tang Y, Chi X, Zou S, Zeng X. Facet effects of palladium nanocrystals for oxygen reduction in ionic liquids and for sensing applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5771-9. [PMID: 26910528 PMCID: PMC5640266 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium nanocrystals enclosed by {100} and {110} crystal facets, were successfully synthesized through an aqueous one-pot synthesis method. A new thermal annealing approach was developed for fabricating these palladium nanocrystals as a working electrode on a gas permeable membrane to study the facet effects of the oxygen reduction process in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmpy][NTf2]). Results were compared with the same processes at a conventional platinum electrode. Our study shows that the structural difference between the two facets of Pd nanocrystals has little effect on the oxygen reduction process but significantly affects the oxidation process of the superoxide. It is found that the Pd{110}/IL interface can better stabilize superoxide radicals revealed by a more positive oxidation potential compared to that of Pd{100}. In addition, the analytical characteristic of utilizing both palladium nanocrystals as electrodes for oxygen sensing is comparable with a polycrystal platinum oxygen sensor, in which Pd{110} presents the best sensitivity and lowest detection limit. Our results demonstrate the facet-dependence of oxygen reduction in an ionic liquid medium and provide the fundamental information needed to guide the applications of palladium nanocrystals in electrochemical gas sensor and fuel cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.
| | - Xiaowei Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.
| | - Shouzhong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington DC 20016, USA
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Neale AR, Li P, Jacquemin J, Goodrich P, Ball SC, Compton RG, Hardacre C. Effect of cation structure on the oxygen solubility and diffusivity in a range of bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide anion based ionic liquids for lithium–air battery electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11251-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07160g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements of oxygen mobility and solubility in a series of related [TFSI]−-based ILs relating to cation structure and physical properties of the ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Neale
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Peilin Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Johan Jacquemin
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Peter Goodrich
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Sarah C. Ball
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Blounts Court
- Reading
- UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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17
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Rehman A, Zeng X. Methods and approaches of utilizing ionic liquids as gas sensing materials. RSC Adv 2015; 5:58371-58392. [PMID: 29142738 PMCID: PMC5683717 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas monitoring is of increasing significance for a broad range of applications in the fields of environmental and civil infrastructures, climate and energy, health and safety, industry and commerce. Even though there are many gas detection devices and systems available, the increasing needs for better detection technologies that not only satisfy the high analytical standards but also meet additional device requirements (e.g., being robust to survive under field conditions, low cost, small, smart, more mobile), demand continuous efforts in developing new methods and approaches for gas detection. Ionic Liquids (ILs) have attracted a tremendous interest as potential sensing materials for the gas sensor development. Being composed entirely of ions and with a broad structural and functional diversity, i.e., bifunctional (organic/inorganic), biphasic (solid/liquid) and dual-property (solvent/electrolyte), they have the complementing attributes and the required variability to allow a systematic design process across many sensing components to enhance sensing capability especially for miniaturized sensor system implementation. The emphasis of this review is to describe molecular design and control of IL interface materials to provide selective and reproducible response and to synergistically integrate IL sensing materials with low cost and low power electrochemical, piezoelectric/QCM and optical transducers to address many gas detection challenges (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, speed, stability, cost, sensor miniaturization, and robustness). We further show examples to justify the importance of understanding the mechanisms and principles of physicochemical and electrochemical reactions in ILs and then link those concepts to developing new sensing methods and approaches. By doing this, we hope to stimulate further research towards the fundamental understanding of the sensing mechanisms and new sensor system development and integration, using simple sensing designs and flexible sensor structures both in terms of scientific operation and user interface that can be miniaturized and interfaced with modern wireless monitoring technologies to achieve specifications heretofore unavailable on current markets for the next generation of gas sensor applications.
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18
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Li P, Compton RG. Electrochemical High Concentration Oxygen Sensing Using a Phosphonium Cation Based Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: Analytical Studies. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Xiao C, Rehman A, Zeng X. Evaluation of the dynamic electrochemical stability of ionic liquid–metal interfaces against reactive oxygen species using an in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions between the electrochemically generated superoxide radical (O2˙−) and three structurally different ionic liquids (ILs) were characterized using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xiao
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
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20
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Mondal SS, Müller H, Junginger M, Kelling A, Schilde U, Strehmel V, Holdt HJ. Imidazolium 2-Substituted 4,5-Dicyanoimidazolate Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Structure-Thermal Property Relationships. Chemistry 2014; 20:8170-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Pozo-Gonzalo C, Howlett PC, Hodgson JL, Madsen LA, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M. Insights into the reversible oxygen reduction reaction in a series of phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25062-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence for the stability of the superoxide anion in phosphonium-based ILs is demonstrated by computational quantum chemistry and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Burwood, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Burwood, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Hodgson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Monash University
- Clayton, Australia
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg, USA
| | - Douglas R. MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Monash University
- Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Burwood, Australia
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22
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Kar M, Simons TJ, Forsyth M, MacFarlane DR. Ionic liquid electrolytes as a platform for rechargeable metal–air batteries: a perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18658-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02533d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This perspective reports on the emerging field of room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes, applicable to rechargeable metal–air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mega Kar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
- School of Chemistry
| | - Tristan J. Simons
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
| | - Douglas R. MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
- School of Chemistry
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23
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Ding KQ. The Direct Electron Transfer of Iron-Containing Superoxide Dismutase (Fe-SOD) and its Catalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) on a Gold Electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, AlNashef IM, Hashim MA. Generation and stability of superoxide ion in tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anion-based ionic liquids. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Doherty AP, Susmel S, Bontempelli G. An oxygen amperometric gas sensor based on its electrocatalytic reduction in room temperature ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM, Al-Zahrani SM, Chooi KL. Generation of superoxide ion in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate and its application in the destruction of chloroethanes. J Mol Liq 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Long term stability of superoxide ion in piperidinium, pyrrolidinium and phosphonium cations-based ionic liquids and its utilization in the destruction of chlorobenzenes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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The electrochemical reduction of oxygen at boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes: A comparative study in a room-temperature ionic liquid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Wang Z, Lin P, Baker GA, Stetter J, Zeng X. Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes for the Development of a Robust Amperometric Oxygen Sensor. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7066-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201235w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Peiling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Joseph Stetter
- KWJ Engineering Incorporated, 8440 Central Avenue [Suite 2B or 2D], Newark, California 94560, United States
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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30
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Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen in Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide based ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM. Electrochemical Generation of Superoxide Ion in Ionic Liquid 1-(3-Methoxypropyl)-1-Methylpiperidinium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/17/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Hayyan M, S. Mjalli F, Hashim M, M. AlNashe I, Tan X, Chooi K. Generation of Superoxide Ion in Trihexyl (Tetradecyl) Phosphonium bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide Room Temperature Ionic Liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.1176.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Huang XJ, Aldous L, O’Mahony AM, del Campo FJ, Compton RG. Toward Membrane-Free Amperometric Gas Sensors: A Microelectrode Array Approach. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5238-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1006359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jiu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Leigh Aldous
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Aoife M. O’Mahony
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - F. Javier del Campo
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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34
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Zhao C, Bond AM, Compton RG, O’Mahony AM, Rogers EI. Modification and Implications of Changes in Electrochemical Responses Encountered When Undertaking Deoxygenation in Ionic Liquids. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3856-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife M. O’Mahony
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma I. Rogers
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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35
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AlNashef IM, Hashim MA, Mjalli FS, Ali MQAH, Hayyan M. A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Smiglak M, Hines C, Wilson T, Singh S, Vincek A, Kirichenko K, Katritzky A, Rogers R. Ionic Liquids Based on Azolate Anions. Chemistry 2010; 16:1572-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become an important class of solvents and soft materials over the past decades. Despite being salts built by discrete cations and anions, many of them are liquid at room temperature and below. They have been used in a wide variety of applications such as electrochemistry, separation science, chemical synthesis and catalysis, for breaking azeotropes, as thermal fluids, lubricants and additives, for gas storage, for cellulose processing, and photovoltaics. It has been realized that the true advantage of ILs is their modular character. Each specific cation–anion combination is characterized by a unique, characteristic set of chemical and physical properties. Although ILs have been known for roughly a century, they are still a novel class of compounds to exploit due to the vast number of possible ion combinations and one fundamental question remains still inadequately answered: why do certain salts like ILs have such a low melting point and do not crystallize readily? This Review aims to give an insight into the liquid–solid phase transition of ILs from the viewpoint of a solid-state chemist and hopes to contribute to a better understanding of this intriguing class of compounds. It will introduce the fundamental theories of liquid–solid-phase transition and crystallization from melt and solution. Aside form the formation of ideal crystals the development of solid phases with disorder and of lower order like plastic crystals and liquid crystals by ionic liquid compounds are addressed. The formation of ionic liquid glasses is discussed and finally practical techniques, strategies and methods for crystallization of ionic liquids are given.
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38
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Huang XJ, Rogers EI, Hardacre C, Compton RG. The Reduction of Oxygen in Various Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in the Temperature Range 293−318 K: Exploring the Applicability of the Stokes−Einstein Relationship in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8953-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903148w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jiu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/QUILL, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma I. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/QUILL, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/QUILL, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/QUILL, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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39
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Zhao C, Bond AM. Photoinduced Oxidation of Water to Oxygen in the Ionic Liquid BMIMBF4 as the Counter Reaction in the Fabrication of Exceptionally Long Semiconducting Silver-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4279-87. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806893t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry and ARC Special Research Center for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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40
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Islam MM, Imase T, Okajima T, Takahashi M, Niikura Y, Kawashima N, Nakamura Y, Ohsaka T. Stability of Superoxide Ion in Imidazolium Cation-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:912-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807541z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominul Islam
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Tatsuya Imase
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Takeyoshi Okajima
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Mitsuo Takahashi
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Yoshihiro Niikura
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Norimichi Kawashima
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
| | - Takeo Ohsaka
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2 Kunugida, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan, and Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of
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Hough-Troutman WL, Smiglak M, Griffin S, Matthew Reichert W, Mirska I, Jodynis-Liebert J, Adamska T, Nawrot J, Stasiewicz M, Rogers RD, Pernak J. Ionic liquids with dual biological function: sweet and anti-microbial, hydrophobic quaternary ammonium-based salts. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b813213p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Tsuda T, Hussey CL. Electrochemistry of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Melts. MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0655-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Smiglak M, Bridges N, Dilip M, Rogers R. Direct, Atom Efficient, and Halide-Free Syntheses of Azolium Azolate Energetic Ionic Liquids and Their Eutectic Mixtures, and Method for Determining Eutectic Composition. Chemistry 2008; 14:11314-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mominul Islam M, Ohsaka T. Two-electron quasi-reversible reduction of dioxygen at HMDE in ionic liquids: Observation of cathodic maximum and inverted peak. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ding K, Zhao M, Wang Q. Catalysis of the electrochemical oxygen reduction in room-temperature ionic liquids on a pyrolytic graphite electrode by iron-containing superoxide dismutase. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193507090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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DING K, OKAJIMA T, OHSAKA T. Accelerated Electron-Transfer Reaction of the O2/O2- Redox Couple on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Modified Edge-Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.75.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Katritzky AR, Singh S, Kirichenko K, Smiglak M, Holbrey JD, Reichert WM, Spear SK, Rogers RD. In Search of Ionic Liquids Incorporating Azolate Anions. Chemistry 2006; 12:4630-41. [PMID: 16586524 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight novel salts with tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, and tetrabutylammonium and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations paired with 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate, 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazolate, 2,4-dinitroimidazolate, 4,5-dinitroimidazolate, 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate, 4-nitroimidazolate, and tetrazolate anions have been prepared and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The effects of cation and anion type and structure on the physicochemical properties of the resulting salts, including several ionic liquids, have been examined and discussed. Ionic liquids (defined as having m.p.<100 degrees C) were obtained with all combinations of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([C(4)mim](+)) and the heterocyclic azolate anions studied, and with several combinations of tetraethyl or tetrabutylammonium cations and the azolate anions. The [C(4)mim](+) azolates were liquid at room temperature exhibiting large liquid ranges and forming glasses on cooling with glass-transition temperatures in the range of -53 to -82 degrees C (except for the 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate salt with m.p. 33 degrees C). Six crystal structures of the corresponding tetraalkylammonium salts were determined and the effects of changes to the cations and anions on the packing of the structure have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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Islam MM, Ferdousi BN, Okajima T, Ohsaka T. A catalytic activity of a mercury electrode towards dioxygen reduction in room-temperature ionic liquids. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Bond AM. Practical considerations associated with voltammetric studies in room temperature ionic liquids. Analyst 2005; 130:1132-47. [PMID: 16021212 DOI: 10.1039/b504721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments associated with voltammetric studies in ionic liquid media have been critically reviewed. Initially, advantageous electrochemical properties of ionic liquids are summarised, as are limitations encountered by the presence of impurities and problems related to purification and recovery of ionic liquids. Subsequently, the use of IUPAC recommended ferrocene oxidation and cobalticenium reduction processes as potential reference scales in ionic liquids and the application of voltammetry of adhered solid and microchemical approaches to the measurement of formal potentials and kinetics of coupled first order chemical reactions are discussed. Finally, the possible use of volatile ionic liquids is considered as an alternative to use of the non-volatile ionic liquids media, presently emphasized in most studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Evans RG, Klymenko OV, Saddoughi SA, Hardacre C, Compton RG. Electroreduction of Oxygen in a Series of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Composed of Group 15-Centered Cations and Anions. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031309i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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