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Shukla AK, Bhandari S, Mitra S, Kim B, Dey KK. Buoyancy-Driven Micro/-Nanomotors: From Fundamentals to Applications. Small 2024:e2308580. [PMID: 38225699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The progression of self-powered micro/-nanomotors (MNMs) has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, showing applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, microfluidics, environmental science, and energy harvesting. Miniaturized MNMs transduce chemical/biochemical energies into mechanical motion for navigating through complex fluidic environments with directional control via external forces fields such as magnetic, photonic, and electric stimuli. Among various propulsion mechanisms, buoyancy-driven MNMs have received noteworthy recognition due to their simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. Buoyancy force-driven motors harness the principles of density variation-mediated force to overcome fluidic resistance to navigate through complex environments. Restricting the propulsion in one direction helps to control directional movement, making it more efficient in isotropic solutions. The changes in pH, ionic strength, chemical concentration, solute gradients, or the presence of specific molecules can influence the motion of buoyancy-driven MNMs as evidenced by earlier reports. This review aims to provide a fundamental and detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art in buoyancy-driven MNMs, aiming to inspire further research and innovation in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Satyapriya Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, Kandi Raj College, University of Kalyani, Murshidabad, Kandi, West Bengal, 742137, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Byungki Kim
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
- Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
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Cao YM, Su Y, Zheng M, Luo P, Xue YB, Han BB, Zheng M, Wang Z, Liao LS, Zhuo MP. Vertical Phase-Engineering MoS 2 Nanosheet-Enhanced Textiles for Efficient Moisture-Based Energy Generation. ACS Nano 2024; 18:492-505. [PMID: 38117279 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible moisture-electric generators (MEGs) capture chemical energy from atmospheric moisture for sustainable electricity, gaining attention in wearable electronics. However, challenges persist in the large-scale integration and miniaturization of MEGs for long-term, high-power output. Herein, a vertical heterogeneous phase-engineering MoS2 nanosheet structure based silk and cotton were rationally designed and successfully applied to construct wearable MEGs for moisture-energy conversion. The prepared METs exhibit ∼0.8 V open-circuit voltage, ∼0.27 mA/cm2 current density for >10 h, and >36.12 μW/cm2 peak output power density, 3 orders higher than current standards. And the large-scale device realizes a current output of 0.145 A. An internal phase gradient between the 2H semiconductor MoS2 in carbonized silks and 1T metallic MoS2 in cotton fibers enables a phase-engineering-based heterogeneous electric double layer functioning as an equivalent parallel circuit, leading to enhanced high-power output. Owing to their facile customization for seamless adaptation to the human body, we envision exciting possibilities for these wearable METs as integrated self-power sources, enabling real-time monitoring of physiological parameters in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Cao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Biao Xue
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Han
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoshan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Peng Zhuo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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Yaqoob AA, Al-Zaqri N, Alamzeb M, Hussain F, Oh SE, Umar K. Bio energy Generation and Phenol Degradation through Microbial Fuel Cells Energized by Domestic Organic Waste. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114349. [PMID: 37298824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) seem to have emerged in recent years to degrade the organic pollutants from wastewater. The current research also focused on phenol biodegradation using MFCs. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), phenol is a priority pollutant to remediate due to its potential adverse effects on human health. At the same time, the present study focused on the weakness of MFCs, which is the low generation of electrons due to the organic substrate. The present study used rotten rice as an organic substrate to empower the MFC's functional capacity to degrade the phenol while simultaneously generating bioenergy. In 19 days of operation, the phenol degradation efficiency was 70% at a current density of 17.10 mA/m2 and a voltage of 199 mV. The electrochemical analysis showed that the internal resistance was 312.58 Ω and the maximum specific capacitance value was 0.00020 F/g on day 30, which demonstrated mature biofilm production and its stability throughout the operation. The biofilm study and bacterial identification process revealed that the presence of conductive pili species (Bacillus genus) are the most dominant on the anode electrode. However, the present study also explained well the oxidation mechanism of rotten rice with phenol degradation. The most critical challenges for future recommendations are also enclosed in a separate section for the research community with concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Kotli 11100, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Fida Hussain
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Zhao K, Lee JW, Yu ZG, Jiang W, Oh JW, Kim G, Han H, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee S, Kim H, Kim T, Lee CE, Lee H, Jang J, Park JW, Zhang YW, Park C. Humidity-Tolerant Moisture-Driven Energy Generator with MXene Aerogel-Organohydrogel Bilayer. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5472-5485. [PMID: 36779414 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing and film-type moisture-driven energy generators (MEGs) that harness the preferential interaction of ionized moisture with hydrophilic materials are interesting because of their wearability and portability without needing a water container. However, most such MEGs work in limited humidity conditions, which provide a substantial moisture gradient. Herein, we present a high-performance MEG with sustainable power-production capability in a wide range of environments. The bilayer-based device comprises a negatively surface-charged, hydrophilic MXene (Ti3C2Tx) aerogel and polyacrylamide (PAM) ionic hydrogel. The preferential selection on the MXene aerogel of positive charges supplied from the salts and water in the hydrogel is predicted by the first-principle simulation, which results in a high electric output in a wide relative humidity range from 20% to 95%. Furthermore, by replacing the hydrogel with an organohydrogel of PAM that has excellent water retention and structural stability, a device with long-term electricity generation is realized for more than 15 days in a broad temperature range (from -20 to 80 °C). Our MXene aerogel MEGs connected in series supply sufficient power for commercial electronic components in various outdoor environments. Moreover, an MXene aerogel MEG works as a self-powered sensor for recognizing finger bending and facial expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Korea
| | - Zhi Gen Yu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gwanho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyowon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seokyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - HoYeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Taebin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeokjung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jihye Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Tkaczyszyn M, Górniak KM, Lis WH, Ponikowski P, Jankowska EA. Iron Deficiency and Deranged Myocardial Energetics in Heart Failure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:17000. [PMID: 36554881 PMCID: PMC9778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among different pathomechanisms involved in the development of heart failure, adverse metabolic myocardial remodeling closely related to ineffective energy production, constitutes the fundamental feature of the disease and translates into further progression of both cardiac dysfunction and maladaptations occurring within other organs. Being the component of key enzymatic machineries, iron plays a vital role in energy generation and utilization, hence the interest in whether, by correcting systemic and/or cellular deficiency of this micronutrient, we can influence the energetic efficiency of tissues, including the heart. In this review we summarize current knowledge on disturbed energy metabolism in failing hearts as well as we analyze experimental evidence linking iron deficiency with deranged myocardial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Tkaczyszyn
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Hanna Lis
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Yari Kalashgrani M, Kurniawan D, Gholami A, Chiang WH. Bioresource-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Energy Generation and Storage: Recent Advances and Feature Perspective. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3905. [PMID: 36364683 PMCID: PMC9658778 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exponential increase in global energy demand in daily life prompts us to search for a bioresource for energy production and storage. Therefore, in developing countries with large populations, there is a need for alternative energy resources to compensate for the energy deficit in an environmentally friendly way and to be independent in their energy demands. The objective of this review article is to compile and evaluate the progress in the development of quantum dots (QDs) for energy generation and storage. Therefore, this article discusses the energy scenario by presenting the basic concepts and advances of various solar cells, providing an overview of energy storage systems (supercapacitors and batteries), and highlighting the research progress to date and future opportunities. This exploratory study will examine the systematic and sequential advances in all three generations of solar cells, namely perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, Si cells, and thin-film solar cells. The discussion will focus on the development of novel QDs that are economical, efficient, and stable. In addition, the current status of high-performance devices for each technology will be discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects, opportunities for improvement, and future trends in the development of cost-effective and efficient QDs for solar cells and storage from biological resources will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
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7
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Tobar ME, Chiao RY, Goryachev M. Active Electric Dipole Energy Sources: Transduction via Electric Scalar and Vector Potentials. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7029. [PMID: 36146378 PMCID: PMC9501316 DOI: 10.3390/s22187029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The creation of electromagnetic energy may be realised by engineering a device with a method of transduction, which allows an external energy source, such as mechanical, chemical, nuclear, etc., to be impressed into the electromagnetic system through a mechanism that enables the separation of opposite polarity charges. For example, a voltage generator, such as a triboelectric nanogenerator, enables the separation of charges through the transduction of mechanical energy, creating an active physical dipole in the static case, or an active Hertzian dipole in the time-dependent case. The net result is the creation of a static or time-dependent permanent polarisation, respectively, without an applied electric field and with a non-zero vector curl. This system is the dual of a magnetic solenoid or permanent magnet excited by a circulating electrical current or fictitious bound current, respectively, which supplies a magnetomotive force described by a magnetic vector potential and a magnetic geometric phase proportional to the enclosed magnetic flux. Thus, the active electric dipole voltage generator has been described macroscopically by a circulating fictitious magnetic current boundary source and exhibits an electric vector potential with an electric geometric phase proportional to the enclosed electric flux density. This macroscopic description of an active dipole is a semi-classical average description of some underlying microscopic physics, which exhibits emergent nonconservative behaviour not found in classical closed-system laws of electrodynamics. We show that the electromotive force produced by an active dipole in general has both electric scalar and vector potential components to account for the magnitude of the electromotive force it produces. Independent of the electromagnetic gauge, we show that Faraday's and Ampere's law may be derived from the time rate of change of the magnetic and dual electric geometric phases. Finally, we analyse an active cylindrical dipole in terms of scalar and vector potential and confirm that the electromotive force produced, and hence potential difference across the terminals is a combination of vector and scalar potential difference depending on the aspect ratio (AR) of the dipole. For long thin active dipoles (AR approaches 0), the electric field is suppressed inside, and the voltage is determined mainly by the electric vector potential. For large flat active dipoles (AR approaches infinity), the electric flux density is suppressed inside, and the voltage is mainly determined by the scalar potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Tobar
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Labs, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Raymond Y. Chiao
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Labs, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Chen C, Wang T, Yu Z, Hutabalian Y, Vankayala RK, Chen C, Hsieh W, Jeng H, Wei D, Chen Y. Modulation Doping Enables Ultrahigh Power Factor and Thermoelectric ZT in n-Type Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201353. [PMID: 35478495 PMCID: PMC9284191 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric (TE) materials are historically recognized as the best p-type (ZT = 1.8) TE materials at room temperature. However, the poor performance of n-type (ZT≈1.0) counterparts seriously reduces the efficiency of the device. Such performance imbalance severely impedes its TE applications either in electrical generation or refrigeration. Here, a strategy to boost n-type Bi2 Te2.7 Se0.3 crystals up to ZT = 1.42 near room temperature by a two-stage process is reported, that is, step 1: stabilizing Seebeck coefficient by CuI doping; step 2: boosting power factor (PF) by synergistically optimizing phonon and carrier transport via thermal-driven Cu intercalation in the van der Waals (vdW) gaps. Theoretical ab initio calculations disclose that these intercalated Cu atoms act as modulation doping and contribute conduction electrons of wavefunction spatially separated from the Cu atoms themselves, which simultaneously lead to large carrier concentration and high mobility. As a result, an ultra-high PF ≈63.5 µW cm-1 K-2 at 300 K and a highest average ZT = 1.36 at 300-450 K are realized, which outperform all n-type bismuth telluride materials ever reported. The work offers a new approach to improving n-type layered TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Te‐Hsien Wang
- Department of PhysicsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan40227ROC
| | - Zih‐Gin Yu
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan11529ROC
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyTaipeiTaiwan10608ROC
| | | | | | - Chao‐Chih Chen
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan11529ROC
| | - Wen‐Pin Hsieh
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan11529ROC
| | - Horng‐Tay Jeng
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan11529ROC
- Department of PhysicsNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan30013ROC
| | - Da‐Hua Wei
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyTaipeiTaiwan10608ROC
| | - Yang‐Yuan Chen
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan11529ROC
- Graduate Institute of Applied PhysicsNational Chengchi UniversityTaipeiTaiwan11605ROC
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9
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Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has been widely used in the chemical industry as a reducing agent. As the researches move along, increasing attention has been paid to its biological functions. The selective antioxidant effect of hydrogen is considered to be the main reason for medical applications. So far, many studies have confirmed its potential protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury of multiple organs, neurodegenerative diseases, bone and joint diseases, and respiratory diseases, opening a new era in the medical research and application of H2. Increasing studies have focused on its biological effects and molecular mechanisms in the treatment of different diseases. In this paper, we review the biological effects, molecular mechanisms and methods of H2 supply. We do hope that the advances in materials science can be better translated into medical applications and solve clinical problems. The medical application of H2 is promising, and how to prepare an H2 sustained-release system to achieve a sustained and stable H2 supply in the body and ultimately improve the therapeutic effect of H2 is a problem worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ni-Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Ni-Rong Bao, E-mail:
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10
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Jia P, Du X, Chen R, Zhou J, Agostini M, Sun J, Xiao L. The Combination of 2D Layered Graphene Oxide and 3D Porous Cellulose Heterogeneous Membranes for Nanofluidic Osmotic Power Generation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175343. [PMID: 34500776 PMCID: PMC8434357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy, as a type of blue energy, is a promising sustainable energy source. Its energy conversion efficiency is significantly determined by the selective membranes. Recently, nanofluidic membrane made by two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (e.g., graphene) with densely packed nanochannels has been considered as a high-efficient membrane in the osmotic power generation research field. Herein, the graphene oxide-cellulose acetate (GO-CA) heterogeneous membrane was assembled by combining a porous CA membrane and a layered GO membrane; the combination of 2D nanochannels and 3D porous structures make it show high surface-charge-governed property and excellent ion transport stability, resulting in an efficient osmotic power harvesting. A power density of about 0.13 W/m2 is achieved for the sea-river mimicking system and up to 0.55 W/m2 at a 500-fold salinity gradient. With different functions, the CA and GO membranes served as ion storage layer and ion selection layer, respectively. The GO-CA heterogeneous membrane open a promising avenue for fabrication of porous and layered platform for wide potential applications, such as sustainable power generation, water purification, and seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (P.J.); (X.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (P.J.); (X.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Materials and Manufacture, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (P.J.); (X.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Materials and Manufacture, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)729401213
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11
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Vieira EMF, Silva JPB, Veltruská K, Istrate CM, Lenzi V, Trifiletti V, Lorenzi B, Matolín V, Ghica C, Marques L, Fenwick O, Goncalves LM. All-Oxide p-n Junction Thermoelectric Generator Based on SnO x and ZnO Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35187-35196. [PMID: 34254775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving thermoelectric devices with high performance based on low-cost and nontoxic materials is extremely challenging. Moreover, as we move toward an Internet-of-Things society, a miniaturized local power source such as a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is desired to power increasing numbers of wireless sensors. Therefore, in this work, an all-oxide p-n junction TEG composed of low-cost, abundant, and nontoxic materials, such as n-type ZnO and p-type SnOx thin films, deposited on borosilicate glass substrate is proposed. A type II heterojunction between SnOx and ZnO films was predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and confirmed experimentally by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) show a sharp interface between the SnOx and ZnO layers, confirming the high quality of the p-n junction even after annealing at 523 K. ZnO and SnOx thin films exhibit Seebeck coefficients (α) of ∼121 and ∼258 μV/K, respectively, at 298 K, resulting in power factors (PF) of 180 μW/m K2 (for ZnO) and 37 μW/m K2 (for SnOx). Moreover, the thermal conductivities of ZnO and SnOx films are 8.7 and 1.24 W/m K, respectively, at 298 K, with no significant changes until 575 K. The four pairs all-oxide TEG generated a maximum power output (Pout) of 1.8 nW (≈126 μW/cm2) at a temperature difference of 160 K. The output voltage (Vout) and output current (Iout) at the maximum power output of the TEG are 124 mV and 0.0146 μA, respectively. This work paves the way for achieving a high-performance TEG device based on oxide thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana M F Vieira
- CMEMS-UMINHO, Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurem, 4804-533 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - José P B Silva
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Veltruská
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Cosmin M Istrate
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Veniero Lenzi
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vanira Trifiletti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Bruno Lorenzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Corneliu Ghica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Luis Marques
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Oliver Fenwick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Luis M Goncalves
- CMEMS-UMINHO, Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurem, 4804-533 Guimaraes, Portugal
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12
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Dhouib R, Nasreen M, Othman DSMP, Ellis D, Lee S, Essilfie AT, Hansbro PM, McEwan AG, Kappler U. The DmsABC Sulfoxide Reductase Supports Virulence in Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686833. [PMID: 34367088 PMCID: PMC8340005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although molybdenum-containing enzymes are well-established as having a key role in bacterial respiration, it is increasingly recognized that some may also support bacterial virulence. Here, we show that DmsABC, a putative dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase, is required for fitness of the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) in different models of infection. Expression of the dmsABC operon increased with decreasing oxygen availability, but despite this, a Hi2019Δd msA strain did not show any defects in anaerobic growth on chemically defined medium (CDM), and viability was also unaffected. Although Hi2019Δd msA exhibited increased biofilm formation in vitro and greater resistance to hypochlorite killing compared to the isogenic wild-type strain, its survival in contact with primary human neutrophils, in infections of cultured tissue cells, or in a mouse model of lung infection was reduced compared to Hi2019WT. The tissue cell infection model revealed a two-fold decrease in intracellular survival, while in the mouse model of lung infection Hi2019Δd msA was strongly attenuated and below detection levels at 48 h post-inoculation. While Hi2019WT was recovered in approximately equal numbers from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, survival of Hi2019Δd msA was reduced in lung tissue compared to BALF samples, indicating that Hi2019Δd msA had reduced access to or survival in the intracellular niche. Our data clearly indicate for the first time a role for DmsABC in H. influenzae infection and that the conditions under which DmsABC is required in this bacterium are closely linked to interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb Dhouib
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marufa Nasreen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dk Seti Maimonah Pg Othman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Ellis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Lee
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Aguilera Flores MM, Ávila Vázquez V, Medellín Castillo NA, Carranza Álvarez C, Cardona Benavides A, Ocampo Pérez R, Labrada Delgado GJ, Durón Torres SM. Ibuprofen degradation and energy generation in a microbial fuel cell using a bioanode fabricated from devil fish bone char. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:874-885. [PMID: 34086520 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1934357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen degradation and energy generation in a single-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) were evaluated using a bioanode fabricated from devil fish bone char (BCA) synthesized by calcination in air atmosphere. Its performance was compared with conventional carbon felt (CF). Bone char textural properties were determined by nitrogen adsorption. Before and after, the bacterial colonization on the materials was analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Energy generation was evaluated by electrochemical techniques as open-circuit potential, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Ibuprofen degradation was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was measured. Results showed a specific area of 136 m2/g for BCA, having enough space to immobilize microorganisms. The micrographs confirmed the biofilm formation on the electrode materials. Over the 14 days, MFC with BCA reached a maximum power density of 4.26 mW/m2, 175% higher than CF, and an electron transfer resistance 2.1 times lower than it. This coincides with the COD removal and ibuprofen degradation efficiencies, which were 43.6% and 34% for BCA and 31.8% and 27% for CF. Hence, these findings confirmed that BCA in MFC could provide an alternative electrode material for ibuprofen degradation and energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México
| | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Studies and Research Center, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Candy Carranza Álvarez
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit, Huasteca Zone Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Ciudad Valles, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cardona Benavides
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Studies and Research Center, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Raul Ocampo Pérez
- Graduate Studies and Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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14
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Adu D, Du J, Darko RO, Ofosu Antwi E, Aamir Shafique Khan M. Numerical and experimental characterization of splitter blade impact on pump as turbine performance. Sci Prog 2021; 104:36850421993247. [PMID: 33900840 PMCID: PMC10455009 DOI: 10.1177/0036850421993247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several rivers and streams are available in Africa and Asian regions with great potentials not applicable for constructing large hydropower dams but feasible for small and mini hydro generation. This study strive for investigating the impact of splitter blade on pump as turbine performance considering different speed and flow rates. Two specific centrifugal pump models one with six blades without splitter and another with four blades and four splitters were used for the study. The inlet diameter and outlet diameters of both impellers were 104 mm/116 mm, and 160 mm respectively at a designed flow rate Q = 12.5 m3/h, head H = 16 m, rotational speed n = 1450 rpm and efficiency of 56%, outlet impeller width of 0.006 m, a blade outlet angle of 30° was used for the study. CFD simulations were conducted with the use of k-ε turbulence model. The influence of splitter blade position on the performance of pump as turbine in the selected specific pumps with and without splitter blades has been investigated both experimentally and numerically at three different flow rates and rotational speed. The simulated data were in good agreement with the experimental results, the maximum deviation error between the CFD and test for each model are 5.6%, 2.6%, for the head and efficiency; 7.5% and 3.6% at different flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Du
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ransford O Darko
- Department of Energy Agricultural Engineering University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Central, Ghana
| | - Eric Ofosu Antwi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani, Sunyani, Ghana
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15
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Singh B, Sharma V, Gaikwad RP, Fornasiero P, Zbořil R, Gawande MB. Single-Atom Catalysts: A Sustainable Pathway for the Advanced Catalytic Applications. Small 2021; 17:e2006473. [PMID: 33624397 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a backbone of modern sustainable green industries; and understanding the relationship between its structure and properties is the key for its advancement. Recently, many upscaling synthesis strategies for the development of a variety of respectable control atomically precise heterogeneous catalysts are reported and explored for various important applications in catalysis for energy and environmental remediation. Precise atomic-scale control of catalysts has allowed to significantly increase activity, selectivity, and in some cases stability. This approach has proved to be relevant in various energy and environmental related technologies such as fuel cell, chemical reactors for organic synthesis, and environmental remediation. Therefore, this review aims to critically analyze the recent progress on single-atom catalysts (SACs) application in oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and chemical and/or electrochemical organic transformations. Finally, opportunities that may open up in the future are summarized, along with suggesting new applications for possible exploitation of SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljeet Singh
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Department of Chemistry, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Centre for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Rahul P Gaikwad
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431213, India
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM Trieste Research Unit and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, I-34127, Italy
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431213, India
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16
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Zhao X, Huang C, Xiao D, Wang P, Luo X, Liu W, Liu S, Li J, Li S, Chen Z. Melanin-Inspired Design: Preparing Sustainable Photothermal Materials from Lignin for Energy Generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7600-7607. [PMID: 33538573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of the conjugated structure in melanin contributed to photothermal conversion. Inspired by this, here, we first demonstrated that lignin nanoparticles (L-NPs) can carry out photothermal conversion, which was attributed to π-π stacking of lignin molecules. Lignin can be readily converted into L-NPs, using the self-assembly method at room temperature. L-NPs showed a stable photothermal effect (22%). The L-NPs were successfully used to power a thermoelectric generator and drive a solar steam generation device under standard 1 sun irradiation (100 mW/cm2). Because thermoelectric generators and solar steam generation technologies have huge potential for energy generation and water purification, the as-prepared L-NPs are expected to provide an important contribution to sustainable energy and clean water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Daming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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Abstract
Mononuclear molybdoenzymes are highly versatile catalysts that occur in organisms in all domains of life, where they mediate essential cellular functions such as energy generation and detoxification reactions. Molybdoenzymes are particularly abundant in bacteria, where over 50 distinct types of enzymes have been identified to date. In bacterial pathogens, all aspects of molybdoenzyme biology such as molybdate uptake, cofactor biosynthesis, and function of the enzymes themselves, have been shown to affect fitness in the host as well as virulence. Although current studies are mostly focused on a few key pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, some common themes for the function and adaptation of the molybdoenzymes to pathogen environmental niches are emerging. Firstly, for many of these enzymes, their role is in supporting bacterial energy generation; and the corresponding pathogen fitness and virulence defects appear to arise from a suboptimally poised metabolic network. Secondly, all substrates converted by virulence-relevant bacterial Mo enzymes belong to classes known to be generated in the host either during inflammation or as part of the host signaling network, with some enzyme groups showing adaptation to the increased conversion of such substrates. Lastly, a specific adaptation to bacterial in-host survival is an emerging link between the regulation of molybdoenzyme expression in bacterial pathogens and the presence of immune system-generated reactive oxygen species. The prevalence of molybdoenzymes in key bacterial pathogens including ESKAPE pathogens, paired with the mounting evidence of their central roles in bacterial fitness during infection, suggest that they could be important future drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhong
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Vankayala RK, Lan T, Parajuli P, Liu F, Rao R, Yu SH, Hung T, Lee C, Yano S, Hsing C, Nguyen D, Chen C, Bhattacharya S, Chen K, Ou M, Rancu O, Rao AM, Chen Y. High zT and Its Origin in Sb-doped GeTe Single Crystals. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2002494. [PMID: 33344133 PMCID: PMC7740100 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A record high zT of 2.2 at 740 K is reported in Ge0.92Sb0.08Te single crystals, with an optimal hole carrier concentration ≈4 × 1020 cm-3 that simultaneously maximizes the power factor (PF) ≈56 µW cm-1 K-2 and minimizes the thermal conductivity ≈1.9 Wm-1 K-1. In addition to the presence of herringbone domains and stacking faults, the Ge0.92Sb0.08Te exhibits significant modification to phonon dispersion with an extra phonon excitation around ≈5-6 meV at Γ point of the Brillouin zone as confirmed through inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) confirmed this phonon excitation, and predicted another higher energy phonon excitation ≈12-13 meV at W point. These phonon excitations collectively increase the number of phonon decay channels leading to softening of phonon frequencies such that a three-phonon process is dominant in Ge0.92Sb0.08Te, in contrast to a dominant four-phonon process in pristine GeTe, highlighting the importance of phonon engineering approaches to improving thermoelectric (TE) performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganayakulu K. Vankayala
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
- Dept. of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate ProgramTaipei115Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian‐Wey Lan
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Air Force Research LaboratoryWPAFBDaytonOH45433USA
| | - Shih Hsun Yu
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu‐Lien Hung
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih‐Hao Lee
- Dept. of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin‐ichiro Yano
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu30077Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng‐Rong Hsing
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei10617Taiwan, ROC
| | - Duc‐Long Nguyen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei10617Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Sriparna Bhattacharya
- Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Kuei‐Hsien Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei10617Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min‐Nan Ou
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
| | - Oliver Rancu
- Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Apparao M. Rao
- Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Yang‐Yuan Chen
- Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan, ROC
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Rambhujun N, Salman MS, Wang T, Pratthana C, Sapkota P, Costalin M, Lai Q, Aguey-Zinsou KF. Renewable hydrogen for the chemical industry. MRS Energy Sustain 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 38624624 PMCID: PMC7851507 DOI: 10.1557/mre.2020.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is often touted as the fuel of the future, but hydrogen is already an important feedstock for the chemical industry. This review highlights current means for hydrogen production and use, and the importance of progressing R&D along key technologies and policies to drive a cost reduction in renewable hydrogen production and enable the transition of chemical manufacturing toward green hydrogen as a feedstock and fuel. The chemical industry is at the core of what is considered a modern economy. It provides commodities and important materials, e.g., fertilizers, synthetic textiles, and drug precursors, supporting economies and more broadly our needs. The chemical sector is to become the major driver for oil production by 2030 as it entirely relies on sufficient oil supply. In this respect, renewable hydrogen has an important role to play beyond its use in the transport sector. Hydrogen not only has three times the energy density of natural gas and using hydrogen as a fuel could help decarbonize the entire chemical manufacturing, but also the use of green hydrogen as an essential reactant at the basis of many chemical products could facilitate the convergence toward virtuous circles. Enabling the production of green hydrogen at cost could not only enable new opportunities but also strengthen economies through a localized production and use of hydrogen. Herein, existing technologies for the production of renewable hydrogen including biomass and water electrolysis, and methods for the effective storage of hydrogen are reviewed with an emphasis on the need for mitigation strategies to enable such a transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Rambhujun
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Muhammad Saad Salman
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ting Wang
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chulaluck Pratthana
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Prabal Sapkota
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mehdi Costalin
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Qiwen Lai
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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20
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Shi K, Wang Q, Wang G. Microbial Oxidation of Arsenite: Regulation, Chemotaxis, Phosphate Metabolism and Energy Generation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:569282. [PMID: 33072028 PMCID: PMC7533571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that occurs widely in the environment. The biological oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] is considered a strategy to reduce arsenic toxicity and provide energy. In recent years, research interests in microbial As(III) oxidation have been growing, and related new achievements have been revealed. This review focuses on the highlighting of the novel regulatory mechanisms of bacterial As(III) oxidation, the physiological relevance of different arsenic sensing systems and functional relationship between microbial As(III) oxidation and those of chemotaxis, phosphate uptake, carbon metabolism and energy generation. The implication to environmental bioremediation applications of As(III)-oxidizing strains, the knowledge gaps and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Erat S, Telli A. Within the global circular economy: A special case of Turkey towards energy transition. MRS Energy Sustain 2020; 7:24. [PMID: 38624537 PMCID: PMC7849225 DOI: 10.1557/mre.2020.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Circular energy transformation of Turkey is essential to strengthen the national energy security. Turkey will benefit from moving towards a circular economy. Circular economy (CE) has gained much attention due to global warming and climate change which are the most serious issues faced in the world. The United Nations has been struggling with the issues regarding sustainable development by releasing some programs and legislations, which are mostly supported by the EU. The EU's CE including both economy and energy within the scope of low-carbon world is binding for Turkey's energy transition. Among renewables, solar energy preserved the leading capacity expansion with an increase of 98 GW in 2019 in the world. Solar photovoltaic (PV) has become a mainstream energy source among renewables. Since the PV installation has been growing all around the world, several countries especially China, Germany, and the UK pay special attention to a sustainable PV waste management concept. We present the special case of Turkey within the global CE along with the current status of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Turkey's energy outlook and the EU's targets are reviewed, and the significant role of solar energy in the CE transition process of Turkey has been revealed. We suggested adding a vision of "More Circular" to her new energy policy "More Domestic, More Renewable."
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Erat
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Program of Opticianry, Mersin University, Mersin, 33340 Turkey
- Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, 33340 Turkey
| | - Azime Telli
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative, Department of International Relations, Mersin University, Mersin, 33340 Turkey
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22
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Liu W, Xiang H, Zhang T, Pang X, Su J, Liu H, Ma B, Yu L. Development of a New High-Cell Density Fermentation Strategy for Enhanced Production of a Fungus β-Glucosidase in Pichia pastoris. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1988. [PMID: 32973717 PMCID: PMC7472535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional diosgenin manufacturing process has led to serious environmental contamination and wastewater. Clean processes are needed that can alternate the diosgenin production. The β-glucosidase FBG1, cloned from Fusarium sp. CPCC 400709, can biotransform trillin and produce diosgenin. In this study, Pichia pastoris production of recombinant FBG1 was implemented to investigate various conventional methanol induction strategies, mainly including DO-stat (constant induction DO), μ-stat (constant exponential feeding rate) and m-stat (constant methanol concentration). The new co-stat strategy combining μ-stat and m-stat strategies was then developed for enhanced FBG1 production during fed-batch high-cell density fermentation on methanol. The fermentation process was characterized with respect to cell growth, methanol consumption, FBG1 production and methanol metabolism. It was found that large amounts of formaldehyde were released by the enhanced dissimilation pathway when the co-stat strategy was implemented, and therefore the energy generation was enhanced because of improved methanol metabolism. Using co-stat feeding, the highest volumetric activity reached ∼89 × 104 U/L, with the maximum specific activity of ∼90 × 102 U/g. After 108 h induction, the highest volumetric production reached ∼403 mg/L, which was ∼91, 154, and 183 mg/L higher than the maximal production obtained at m-stat, μ-stat, and DO-stat strategies, respectively. FBG1 is the first P. pastoris produced recombinant enzyme for diosgenin production through the biotransformation of trillin. Moreover, this newly developed co-stat induction strategy represents the highest expression of FBG1 in P. pastoris, and the strategy can be used to produce FBG1 from similar Pichia strains harboring Fbg1 gene, which lays solid foundation for clean and sustainable production of diosgenin. The current work provides unique information on cell growth, substrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis for enhanced β-glucosidase production using a P. pastoris strain under controlled fermentation conditions. This information may be applicable for expression of similar proteins from P. pastoris strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Zhang Y, Xiong T, Nandakumar DK, Tan SC. Structure Architecting for Salt-Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High-Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903478. [PMID: 32382483 PMCID: PMC7201268 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed a rapid development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, a promising technology for low-cost water desalination. As of today, solar-to-steam conversion efficiencies close to 100% or even beyond the limit are becoming increasingly achievable in virtue of unique photothermal materials and structures. Herein, the cutting-edge approaches are summarized, and their mechanisms for photothermal structure architecting are uncovered in order to achieve ultrahigh conversion efficiency. Design principles to enhance evaporation performance and currently available salt-rejection strategies for long-term desalination are systematically investigated. The guidelines to utilize every component in solar desalination systems for simultaneous in situ energy generation are also revealed. Finally, opportunities and challenges for future works in this field are also discussed and concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Dilip Krishna Nandakumar
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
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24
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Wang JJ, Peng YJ, Ding JL, Feng MG, Ying SH. Mitochondrial fission is necessary for mitophagy, development and virulence of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:411-421. [PMID: 32086853 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial fission is an essential dynamics that maintains mitochondrial morphology and function. This study seeks to determine the roles of mitochondrial fission in the filamentous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three fission-related genes (BbFis1, BbMdv1 and BbDnm1) were functionally characterized via protein intracellular localization and construction of gene disruption mutants. RESULTS Mitochondrial localization was only observed for BbFis1 which interacts with BbMdv1, but BbMdv1 did not have interaction with BbDnm1. Single disruption mutant of three genes generated the elongated and enlarged mitochondria which could not be eliminated via the mitophagy. Three mutant strains displayed the reduced ATP synthesis and vegetative growth compared with the wild type. Three genes were involved in the early stage of conidiation and unnecessary for the late stage. However, all three genes significantly contribute to blastospore development under submerged condition, and the loss of BbMdv1 had the greatest effects compared with the losses of BbFis1 or BbDnm1. Finally, disruption of three genes significantly attenuated fungal virulence, but their mutations had different influences. CONCLUSIONS In addition to their consistent roles in mitochondrial division and mitophagy, three fission-related genes perform divergent roles in the development and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that mitochondrial fission is associated with lifecycle of B. bassiana. These findings provide information for the manipulation of fungal physiology and facilitate the application of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-J Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J-L Ding
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M-G Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S-H Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Zheng T, Li J, Ji Y, Zhang W, Fang Y, Xin F, Dong W, Wei P, Ma J, Jiang M. Progress and Prospects of Bioelectrochemical Systems: Electron Transfer and Its Applications in the Microbial Metabolism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:10. [PMID: 32083069 PMCID: PMC7004955 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems are revolutionary new bioengineering technologies which integrate microorganisms or enzymes with the electrochemical method to improve the reducing or oxidizing metabolism. Generally, the bioelectrochemical systems show the processes referring to electrical power generation or achieving the reducing reaction with a certain potential poised by means of electron transfer between the electron acceptor and electron donor. Researchers have focused on the selection and optimization of the electrode materials, design of electrochemical device, and screening of electrochemically active or inactive model microorganisms. Notably, all these means and studies are related to electron transfer: efflux and consumption. Thus, here we introduce the basic concepts of bioelectrochemical systems, and elaborate on the extracellular and intracellular electron transfer, and the hypothetical electron transfer mechanism. Also, intracellular energy generation and coenzyme metabolism along with electron transfer are analyzed. Finally, the applications of bioelectrochemical systems and the prospect of microbial electrochemical technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Chen B, Song J, Dai X, Liu Y, Rudd PN, Hong X, Huang J. Synergistic Effect of Elevated Device Temperature and Excess Charge Carriers on the Rapid Light-Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902413. [PMID: 31271479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiencies now reaching 24.2%, the major factor limiting efficient electricity generation using perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their long-term stability. In particular, PSCs have demonstrated rapid degradation under illumination, the driving mechanism of which is yet to be understood. It is shown that elevated device temperature coupled with excess charge carriers due to constant illumination is the dominant force in the rapid degradation of encapsulated perovskite solar cells under illumination. Cooling the device to 20 °C and operating at the maximum power point improves the stability of CH3 NH3 PbI3 solar cells over 100× compared to operation under open circuit conditions at 60 °C. Light-induced strain originating from photothermal-induced expansion is also observed in CH3 NH3 PbI3 , which excludes other light-induced-strain mechanisms. However, strain and electric field do not appear to play any role in the initial rapid degradation of CH3 NH3 PbI3 solar cells under illumination. It is revealed that the formation of additional recombination centers in PSCs facilitated by elevated temperature and excess charge carriers ultimately results in rapid light-induced degradation. Guidance on the best methods for measuring the stability of PSCs is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xuezeng Dai
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, 68588, USA
| | - Peter N Rudd
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, 68588, USA
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27
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Wang B, Facchetti A. Mechanically Flexible Conductors for Stretchable and Wearable E-Skin and E-Textile Devices. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1901408. [PMID: 31106490 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress in materials development and device integration for mechanically bendable and stretchable optoelectronics will broaden the application of "Internet-of-Things" concepts to a myriad of new applications. When addressing the needs associated with the human body, such as the detection of mechanical functions, monitoring of health parameters, and integration with human tissues, optoelectronic devices, interconnects/circuits enabling their functions, and the core passive components from which the whole system is built must sustain different degrees of mechanical stresses. Herein, the basic characteristics and performance of several of these devices are reported, particularly focusing on the conducting element constituting them. Among these devices, strain sensors of different types, energy storage elements, and power/energy storage and generators are included. Specifically, the advances during the past 3 years are reported, wherein mechanically flexible conducting elements are fabricated from (0D, 1D, and 2D) conducting nanomaterials from metals (e.g., Au nanoparticles, Ag flakes, Cu nanowires), carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, 2D conductors (e.g., graphene, MoS2 ), metal oxides (e.g., Zn nanorods), and conducting polymers (e.g., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyaniline) in combination with passive fibrotic and elastomeric materials enabling, after integration, the so-called electronic skins and electronic textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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28
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Fleck D, Phu L, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Reichelt M, Bhangale T, Haley B, Wang Y, Graham R, Kirkpatrick DS, Sheng M, Bingol B. PTCD1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative-Phosphorylation: Possible Genetic Association with Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4636-4656. [PMID: 30948477 PMCID: PMC6561697 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0116-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons heavily rely on mitochondrial function, and deficits in brain energy metabolism are detected early in AD; however, direct human genetic evidence for mitochondrial involvement in AD pathogenesis is limited. We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data of 4549 AD cases and 3332 age-matched controls and discovered that rare protein altering variants in the gene pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein 1 (PTCD1) show a trend for enrichment in cases compared with controls. We show here that PTCD1 is required for normal mitochondrial rRNA levels, proper assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome and hence for mitochondrial translation and assembly of the electron transport chain. Loss of PTCD1 function impairs oxidative phosphorylation and forces cells to rely on glycolysis for energy production. Cells expressing the AD-linked variant of PTCD1 fail to sustain energy production under increased metabolic stress. In neurons, reduced PTCD1 expression leads to lower ATP levels and impacts spontaneous synaptic activity. Thus, our study uncovers a possible link between a protein required for mitochondrial function and energy metabolism and AD risk.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we identify a variant in the gene PTCD1 that is enriched in AD patients and demonstrate that PTCD1 is required for ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. PTCD1 regulates the level of 16S rRNA, the backbone of the mitoribosome, and is essential for mitochondrial translation and assembly of the electron transport chain. Cells expressing the AD-associated variant fail to maintain adequate ATP production during metabolic stress, and reduced PTCD1 activity disrupts neuronal energy homeostasis and dampens spontaneous transmission. Our work provides a mechanistic link between a protein required for mitochondrial function and genetic AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Phu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Haley
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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29
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Myers T, Schoebitz L, Woolley S, Sanchez Ferragut J, Thostenson J, Jooss K, Piascik J, Frechette A, Hotz N, Stoner BR, Hallowell J. Towards an off-grid fecal sludge treatment unit: demonstrating energy positive thermal treatment. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1176. [PMID: 31508581 PMCID: PMC6733003 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an unmet demand for community-scale fecal sludge treatment units (FSTUs) that serve communities of between 1,000 and 50,000 people and are able to operate in non-sewered and off-grid environments. An emerging industry standard for FSTUs includes as a key criteria energy independence in steady-state. Theoretically, there is sufficient thermal energy available in fecal sludge to provide the electrical power needed to run the FSTU. However, such a system had never been implemented. Methods: Biomass Controls has previously demonstrated the thermal treatment of fecal sludge using the Biogenic Refinery, a thermal FSTU deployed in three sites in India. In this article we describe testing where a Biogenic Refinery was paired with a thermal fluid heat exchanger and organic Rankine cycle generator to generate electrical power. Results: This Biogenic Refinery combined heat and power system generated sufficient electrical power to offset electrical parasitic loads in steady-state operation and produce a surplus of 1.2 kWe. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that there is an excess of energy available and reliable mechanisms to generate electrical energy using an FSTU. Additional steps are necessary to transition to a true off-grid FSTU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nico Hotz
- Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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30
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Shi X, Lin L, Luo H, Li L, Lin S. Metatranscriptomic Signatures Associated With Phytoplankton Regime Shift From Diatom Dominance to a Dinoflagellate Bloom. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 30967855 PMCID: PMC6439486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominate coastal marine phytoplankton communities as major players of marine biogeochemical cycles and their seasonal succession often leads to harmful algal blooms (HABs). What regulates their respective dominances and the development of the HABs remains elusive. Here we conducted time-sequential metatranscriptomic profiling on a natural assemblage that evolved from diatom dominance to a dinoflagellate bloom to interrogate the underlying major metabolic and ecological drivers. Data reveals similarity between diatoms and dinoflagellates in exhibiting high capacities of energy production, nutrient acquisition, and stress protection in their respective dominance stages. The diatom-to-dinoflagellate succession coincided with an increase in turbidity and sharp declines in silicate and phosphate availability, concomitant with the transcriptomic shift from expression of silicate uptake and urea utilization genes in diatoms to that of genes for light harvesting, diversified phosphorus acquisition and autophagy-based internal nutrient recycling in dinoflagellates. Furthermore, the diatom-dominant community featured strong potential to carbohydrate metabolism and a strikingly high expression of trypsin potentially promoting frustule building. In contrast, the dinoflagellate bloom featured elevated expression of xanthorhodopsin, and antimicrobial defensin genes, indicating potential importance of energy harnessing and microbial defense in bloom development. This study sheds light on mechanisms potentially governing diatom- and dinoflagellate-dominance and regulating bloom development in the natural environment and raises new questions to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
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Abstract
It is well known that cold environments are predominant over the Earth and there are a great number of reports analyzing bacterial adaptations to cold. Most of these works are focused on characteristics traditionally involved in cold adaptation, such as the structural adjustment of enzymes, maintenance of membrane fluidity, expression of cold shock proteins and presence of compatible solutes. Recent works based mainly on novel "omic" technologies have presented evidence of the presence of other important features to thrive in cold. In this work, we analyze cold-adapted bacteria, looking for strategies involving novel features, and/or activation of non-classical metabolisms for a cold lifestyle. Metabolic traits related to energy generation, compounds and mechanisms involved in stress resistance and cold adaptation, as well as characteristics of the cell envelope, are analyzed in heterotrophic cold-adapted bacteria. In addition, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic data are used to detect key functions in bacterial communities inhabiting cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Tribelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nancy I López
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Brewster JL, Finn TJ, Ramirez MA, Patrick WM. Whither life? Conjectures on the future evolution of biochemistry. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0269. [PMID: 27555646 PMCID: PMC5014022 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Life has existed on the Earth for approximately four billion years. The sheer depth of evolutionary time, and the diversity of extant species, makes it tempting to assume that all the key biochemical innovations underpinning life have already happened. But we are only a little over halfway through the trajectory of life on our planet. In this Opinion piece, we argue: (i) that sufficient time remains for the evolution of new processes at the heart of metabolic biochemistry and (ii) that synthetic biology is providing predictive insights into the nature of these innovations. By way of example, we focus on engineered solutions to existing inefficiencies in energy generation, and on the complex, synthetic regulatory circuits that are currently being implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Brewster
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas J Finn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miguel A Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wayne M Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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33
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Han W, Li Z, Li Y, Fan X, Zhang F, Zhang G, Peng W. The Promoting Role of Different Carbon Allotropes Cocatalysts for Semiconductors in Photocatalytic Energy Generation and Pollutants Degradation. Front Chem 2017; 5:84. [PMID: 29164101 PMCID: PMC5674929 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor based photocatalytic process is of great potential for solving the fossil fuels depletion and environmental pollution. Loading cocatalysts for the modification of semiconductors could increase the separation efficiency of the photogenerated hole-electron pairs, enhance the light absorption ability of semiconductors, and thus obtain new composite photocatalysts with high activities. Kinds of carbon allotropes, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon quantum dots have been used as effective cocatalysts to enhance the photocatalytic activities of semiconductors, making them widely used for photocatalytic energy generation, and pollutants degradation. This review focuses on the loading of different carbon allotropes as cocatalysts in photocatalysis, and summarizes the recent progress of carbon materials based photocatalysts, including their synthesis methods, the typical applications, and the activity enhancement mechanism. Moreover, the cocatalytic effect among these carbon cocatalysts is also compared for different applications. We believe that our work can provide enriched information to harvest the excellent special properties of carbon materials as a platform to develop more efficient photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Kumar S, Kumar A, Bahuguna A, Sharma V, Krishnan V. Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1571-1600. [PMID: 28884063 PMCID: PMC5550822 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit towards the use of sunlight as a sustainable source for energy generation and environmental remediation, photocatalytic water splitting and photocatalytic pollutant degradation have recently gained significant importance. Research in this field is aimed at solving the global energy crisis and environmental issues in an ecologically-friendly way by using two of the most abundant natural resources, namely sunlight and water. Over the past few years, carbon-based nanocomposites, particularly graphene and graphitic carbon nitride, have attracted much attention as interesting materials in this field. Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based nanocomposites have made a substantial contribution towards the generation of clean, renewable and viable forms of energy from light-based water splitting and pollutant removal. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress in the field of energy generation and environmental remediation using two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites. It begins with a brief introduction to the field, basic principles of photocatalytic water splitting for energy generation and environmental remediation, followed by the properties of carbon-based nanocomposites. Then, the development of various graphene-based nanocomposites for the above-mentioned applications is presented, wherein graphene plays different roles, including electron acceptor/transporter, cocatalyst, photocatalyst and photosensitizer. Subsequently, the development of different graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications is discussed in detail. This review concludes by highlighting the advantages and challenges involved in the use of two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalysis. Finally, the future perspectives of research in this field are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, H.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, H.P., India
| | - Ashish Bahuguna
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, H.P., India
| | - Vipul Sharma
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, H.P., India
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, H.P., India
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Al Sadat WI, Archer LA. The O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell: A system for CO2 capture/conversion and electric power generation. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600968. [PMID: 27453949 PMCID: PMC4956394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Economical and efficient carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies are a requirement for successful implementation of global action plans to reduce carbon emissions and to mitigate climate change. These technologies are also essential for longer-term use of fossil fuels while reducing the associated carbon footprint. We demonstrate an O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell as a new approach to sequester CO2 emissions and, at the same time, to generate substantial amounts of electrical energy. We report on the fundamental principles that guide operations of these cells using multiple intrusive electrochemical and physical analytical methods, including chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and coupled thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On this basis, we demonstrate that an electrochemical cell that uses metallic aluminum as anode and a carbon dioxide/oxygen gas mixture as the active material in the cathode provides a path toward electrochemical generation of a valuable (C2) species and electrical energy. Specifically, we show that the cell first reduces O2 at the cathode to form superoxide intermediates. Chemical reaction of the superoxide with CO2 sequesters the CO2 in the form of aluminum oxalate, Al2(C2O4)3, as the dominant product. On the basis of an analysis of the overall CO2 footprint, which considers emissions associated with the production of the aluminum anode and the CO2 captured/abated by the Al/CO2-O2 electrochemical cell, we conclude that the proposed process offers an important strategy for net reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Anissimov YG. Aspects of Mathematical Modelling of Pressure Retarded Osmosis. Membranes (Basel) 2016; 6:E13. [PMID: 26848696 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In power generating terms, a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) energy generating plant, on a river entering a sea or ocean, is equivalent to a hydroelectric dam with a height of about 60 meters. Therefore, PRO can add significantly to existing renewable power generation capacity if economical constrains of the method are resolved. PRO energy generation relies on a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to water and impermeable to salt. Mathematical modelling plays an important part in understanding flows of water and salt near and across semipermeable membranes and helps to optimize PRO energy generation. Therefore, the modelling can help realizing PRO energy generation potential. In this work, a few aspects of mathematical modelling of the PRO process are reviewed and discussed.
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Lee KY, Hwang H, Choi W. Advanced thermopower wave in novel ZnO nanostructures/fuel composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:15575-15582. [PMID: 25133980 DOI: 10.1021/am504507w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermopower wave is a new concept of energy conversion from chemical to thermal to electrical energy, produced from the chemical reaction in well-designed hybrid structures between nanomaterials and combustible fuels. The enhancement and optimization of energy generation is essential to make it useful for future applications. In this study, we demonstrate that simple solution-based synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, such as nanorods and nanoparticles are capable of generating high output voltage from thermopower waves. In particular, an astonishing improvement in the output voltage (up to 3 V; average 2.3 V) was achieved in a ZnO nanorods-based composite film with a solid fuel (collodion, 5% nitrocellulose), which generated an exothermic chemical reaction. Detailed analyses of thermopower waves in ZnO nanorods- and cube-like nanoparticles-based hybrid composites have been reported in which nanostructures, output voltage profile, wave propagation velocities, and surface temperature have been characterized. The average combustion velocities for a ZnO nanorods/fuel and a ZnO cube-like nanoparticles/fuel composites were 40.3 and 30.0 mm/s, while the average output voltages for these composites were 2.3 and 1.73 V. The high output voltage was attributed to the amplified temperature in intermixed composite of ZnO nanostructures and fuel due to the confined diffusive heat transfer in nanostructures. Moreover, the extended interfacial areas between ZnO nanorods and fuel induced large amplification in the dynamic change of the chemical potential, and it resulted in the enhanced output voltage. The differences of reaction velocity and the output voltage between ZnO nanorods- and ZnO cube-like nanoparticles-based composites were attributed to variations in electron mobility and grain boundary, as well as thermal conductivities of ZnO nanorods and particles. Understanding this astonishing increase and the variation of the output voltage and reaction velocity, precise ZnO nanostructures, will help in formulating specific strategies for obtaining enhanced energy generation from thermopower waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yeol Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Zhu G, Zhou YS, Bai P, Meng XS, Jing Q, Chen J, Wang ZL. A shape-adaptive thin-film-based approach for 50% high-efficiency energy generation through micro-grating sliding electrification. Adv Mater 2014; 26:3788-96. [PMID: 24692147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effectively harvesting ambient mechanical energy is the key for realizing self-powered and autonomous electronics, which addresses limitations of batteries and thus has tremendous applications in sensor networks, wireless devices, and wearable/implantable electronics, etc. Here, a thin-film-based micro-grating triboelectric nanogenerator (MG-TENG) is developed for high-efficiency power generation through conversion of mechanical energy. The shape-adaptive MG-TENG relies on sliding electrification between complementary micro-sized arrays of linear grating, which offers a unique and straightforward solution in harnessing energy from relative sliding motion between surfaces. Operating at a sliding velocity of 10 m/s, a MG-TENG of 60 cm(2) in overall area, 0.2 cm(3) in volume and 0.6 g in weight can deliver an average output power of 3 W (power density of 50 mW cm(-2) and 15 W cm(-3)) at an overall conversion efficiency of ∼ 50%, making it a sufficient power supply to regular electronics, such as light bulbs. The scalable and cost-effective MG-TENG is practically applicable in not only harvesting various mechanical motions but also possibly power generation at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Materials Science an Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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