A weak antiferromagnetic interaction between manganese(2+) centers through a TCNQ column: crystal structures and magnetic properties of [MnII(tpa)(TCNQ)(CH3OH)](TCNQ)2.cntdot.CH3CN, [MnII(tpa)(.mu.-O2CCH3)]2(TCNQ)2.cntdot.2CH3CN, and [MnII(tpa)(NCS)2].cntdot.CH3CN (tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)

Dimerization of Paramagnetic Trinuclear Complexes by Coordination Geometry Changes Showing Mixed Valency and Significant Antiferromagnetic Coupling through -Pt···Pt- Bonds

Paramagnetic trinuclear complexes, trans-[Pt₂M(piam)₄(NH₃)₄](ClO₄)_x (t-M; piam = pivalamidate, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, x = 2 or 3), aligned as Pt-M-Pt were successfully synthesized and characterized. The dihedral angles between the Pt and M coordination planes in t-M are approximately parallel, showing straight metal-metal bonds with distances of approximately 2.6 Å. Except for t-Fe, the trinuclear complexes are dimerized with close contact (approximately 3.9 Å) between the end Pt atoms to form Pt-M-Pt···Pt-M-Pt alignments with high-spin M(+2) containing five (t-Mn), three (t-Co), two (t-Ni), and one (t-Cu) unpaired electrons localized on M atoms. Several physical measurements and calculations revealed that the dimerized structures were maintained in MeCN, where cyclic voltammograms for t-M exhibited two-step oxidation and reduction attributed to Pt-M(+2)-Pt···Pt-M(+2)-Pt ↔ Pt-M(+3)-Pt···Pt-M(+2)-Pt ↔ Pt-M(+3)-Pt···Pt-M(+3)-Pt via mixed-valent states. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for t-M showed antiferromagnetic interaction, t-Mn: J = -0.9 cm^-1, t-Co: J = -3.5 cm^-1, t-Ni: J = -7.3 cm^-1, and t-Cu: J = 0.0 cm^-1, between the two M centers with distances of 9.0 Å through Pt···Pt bonds.

Paramagnetic one-dimensional chains containing high-spin manganese atoms showing antiferromagnetic interaction through -Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt- bonds

To exploit the magnetic interactions of multiple metals, a heterometallic one-dimensional (1D) chain containing three kinds of metals, Rh, Pt, and Mn, where [Rh₂(O₂CCH₃)₄] and [Pt₂Mn(piam)₄(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (piam = pivalamidate) are connected through unbridged Rh-Pt bonds to form -Rh-Rh-Pt-Mn-Pt- alignments was successfully synthesized. The Mn atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by four oxygen atoms of the piam ligands, where the coordination geometries form a zigzag 1D chain. Each Mn atom is linked by -Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt-, with a Mn-Mn separation of 13.9 Å. In parent [Pt₂Mn(piam)₄(NH₃)₄](PF₆)₂, Mn adopts two coordination environments, octahedral and tetrahedral, both of which are Mn(+2) high-spin states. In EtOH, [Rh₂(O₂CCH₃)₄] selectively binds tetrahedral Mn to afford a 1D chain. Physical analysis of the 1D chain using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that all metals are divalent, indicating five unpaired spin-localized electrons on the Mn atoms. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated antiferromagnetic intra-chain interactions between the Mn atoms in the 1D chain, where χT at 300 K was 5.33 cm³ K mol^-1 and gradually decreased to 1.65 cm³ K mol^-1 at 2 K. Theoretical fitting of the magnetic behavior showed weak exchange coupling (zJ = -0.43 cm^-1) between two high-spin Mn(+2) ions through diamagnetic Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt.

Crystal structure of a seven-coordinate manganese(II) complex with tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine (TMPA)

Structural analysis of (acetato-κ2O,O')(methanol-κO)[tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine-κ4N,N',N'',N''']manganese(II) tetraphenyl-borate, [Mn(C2H3O2)(C18H18N4)(CH3OH)](C24H20B) or [Mn(TMPA)(Ac)(CH3OH)]BPh4 [TMPA = tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine, Ac = acetate, BPh4 = tetra-phenyl-borate] by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a complex cation with tetra-dentate coordination of the tripodal TMPA ligand, bidentate coordination of the Ac ligand and monodentate coordination of the methanol ligand to a single MnII center, balanced in charge by the presence of a tetra-phenyl-borate anion. The MnII complex has a distorted penta-gonal-bipyramidal geometry, in which the central amine nitro-gen and two pyridyl N atoms of the TMPA ligand, and two oxygen atoms of the acetate ligand occupy positions in the penta-gonal plane, while the third pyridyl nitro-gen of TMPA and the oxygen from the methanol ligand occupy the axial positions. Within the complex, the acetate O atoms participate in weak C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions with neighboring pyridyl moieties. In the crystal, complexes form dimers by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated methanol of one complex and an acetate oxygen of the other, and weak π-stacking inter-actions between pyridine rings. Separate dimers then undergo additional π-stacking inter-actions between the pyridine rings of one moiety and either the pyridine or phenyl rings of another moiety that further stabilize the crystal.

Use of the TCNQF4 2- Dianion in the Spontaneous Redox Formation of [FeIII (L- )2 ][TCNQF4 ⋅- ]

The reaction of [Fe^II (L^. )₂ ](BF₄ )₂ with Li₂ TCNQF₄ results in the formation of [Fe^III (L^- )₂ ][TCNQF₄ ^{. -} ] (1) where L^. is the radical ligand, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-di(2-pyridyl)oxazolidine-N-oxide and TCNQF₄ is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. This has been characterised by X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemistry. X-ray diffraction studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and Raman and FTIR spectroscopy suggest the presence of low-spin Fe^III ions, the anionic form (L^- ) of the ligand and the anionic radical form of TCNQF₄ ; viz. TCNQF₄ ^{. -} . Li₂ TCNQF₄ reduces the [Fe^II (L^. )₂ ]²⁺ dication, which undergoes a reductively induced oxidation to form the [Fe^III (L^- )₂ ]⁺ monocation resulting in the formation of [Fe^III (L^- )₂ ][TCNQF₄ ^{. -} ] (1), the electrochemistry of which revealed four well-separated, diffusion-controlled, one-electron, reversible processes. Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements suggest the presence of a minor second species, likely to be [Fe^II (L^. )₂ ][TCNQF₄ ^2- ].

Determination of ZFS parameters from the EPR spectra of mono-, di- and trinuclear MnII complexes: impact of magnetic coupling

A family of new Mn^II compounds, consisting of seven dinuclear, three mononuclear, and four trinuclear ones, were synthesised using benzoic acid derivatives n-RC₆H₄COOH, where n-R = 2-MeO, 3-MeO, 4-MeO, or 4-^tBu, and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen) as blocking ligands. The crystal structures of nine of these compounds and the magnetic studies of all of them are reported here. Each type of compound was formed depending on the presence or absence of ClO₄^- ions, the solvent used, and/or the presence of a small amount of water in the reaction medium. The use of the tert-buthylbenzoate ligand gave unexpected results, very likely due to the steric hindrance caused by the voluminous ^tBu groups. The EPR spectra of each type of compound give some peculiar features that allow its identification. Attempts to fit these spectra have been made in order to determine the ZFS parameters, D and E, of the Mn^II ion (for mononuclear and dinuclear systems) or of the ground state (for trinuclear systems). For trinuclear systems, the single-ion ZFS parameters estimated from those of the ground state provided a good simulation of the EPR spectra of these compounds. The EPR signals observed in each case have been rationalised according to the energy level distribution and the plausible population in the excited states. In some particular situations, the sign of D_Mn could be determined from the fit of the EPR spectra of the antiferromagnetic dinuclear compounds, the source of the difference between the spectra lying in the second excited state.

A cobalt(ii) spin-crossover compound with partially charged TCNQ radicals and an anomalous conducting behavior

The bifunctional salt [Co(terpy)₂](TCNQ)₃·CH₃CN (terpy = 2,2';6',2''-terpyridine, TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane) exhibits a high room temperature conductivity of 0.13 S cm^-1 and an anomaly in conductivity at ∼190 K as evidenced by variable temperature structural, magnetic and conductivity studies. The anomaly in the conductivity at 190 K has been correlated with the temperature dependent structural breathing and Jahn-Teller distortion of the low spin state of the SCO units, as well as the charge fluctuations and supramolecular π-stacking interactions of partially charged TCNQ radicals. The modular synthetic approach leads to an accessible source of partially charged TCNQ radicals for the facile preparation of bifunctional molecular materials with high electrical conductivity.

How Accurately Can Extended X-ray Absorption Spectra Be Predicted from First Principles? Implications for Modeling the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Photosystem II

First principle calculations of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data have seen widespread use in bioinorganic chemistry, perhaps most notably for modeling the Mn4Ca site in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). The logic implied by the calculations rests on the assumption that it is possible to a priori predict an accurate EXAFS spectrum provided that the underlying geometric structure is correct. The present study investigates the extent to which this is possible using state of the art EXAFS theory. The FEFF program is used to evaluate the ability of a multiple scattering-based approach to directly calculate the EXAFS spectrum of crystallographically defined model complexes. The results of these parameter free predictions are compared with the more traditional approach of fitting FEFF calculated spectra to experimental data. A series of seven crystallographically characterized Mn monomers and dimers is used as a test set. The largest deviations between the FEFF calculated EXAFS spectra and the experimental EXAFS spectra arise from the amplitudes. The amplitude errors result from a combination of errors in calculated S0(2) and Debye-Waller values as well as uncertainties in background subtraction. Additional errors may be attributed to structural parameters, particularly in cases where reliable high-resolution crystal structures are not available. Based on these investigations, the strengths and weaknesses of using first-principle EXAFS calculations as a predictive tool are discussed. We demonstrate that a range of DFT optimized structures of the OEC may all be considered consistent with experimental EXAFS data and that caution must be exercised when using EXAFS data to obtain topological arrangements of complex clusters.

Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Characterization of a Dinuclear Zinc Complex Containing TCNQ(-) and a μ-[TCNQ-TCNQ](2-) Ligand

A dinuclear zinc complex containing both a σ-dimerized 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) ligand ([TCNQ-TCNQ](2-)) and TCNQ(-) was synthesized for the first time. This is the first instance of a single molecular complex with a bridging [TCNQ-TCNQ](2-) ligand. Each zinc center is coordinated with two 2,2'-bipyrimidines and one TCNQ(-), and the remaining coordination site is occupied by a [TCNQ-TCNQ](2-) ligand, which bridges the two zinc centers. The complex facilitates π-stacking of TCNQ(-) ligands when crystallized, which gives rise to a near-IR charge-transfer transition and strong antiferromagnetic coupling.

Long, Multicenter Bonding--A New Concept for Supramolecular Materials

A new concept for constructing supramolecular architectures is discussed. In addition to van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding intermolecular interactions that primarily account for supramolecular structures for all materials lacking extended 3D network structures, directional, long, multicenter bonding that can occur for anionic, cationic, neutral, and zwitterionic radicals and can direct intermolecular recognition through π interactions and form extended network supramolecular structural motifs.

Origin of the zero-field splitting in mononuclear octahedral dihalide MnII complexes: an investigation by multifrequency high-field electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory

The synthesis, structural characterization, and electronic properties of a new series of high-spin six-coordinate dihalide mononuclear MnII complexes [Mn(tpa)X2] (tpa=tris-2-picolylamine; X=I (1), Br (2), and Cl (3)) are reported. The analysis of the crystallographic data shows that in all investigated complexes the manganese ion lies in the center of a distorted octahedron with a cis configuration of the halides imposed by the tpa ligand. By a multifrequency high-field electron paramagnetic resonance investigation (95-285 GHz), the electronic properties of 1-3 were determined (DI=-0.600, DBr=-0.360, DCl=+0.115 cm-1), revealing the important effect of (i) the nature of the halide and (ii) the configuration (cis/trans) of the two halides on the magnitude of D. The spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained by density functional theory calculations initiated from the crystal structure of 1-3 are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The absolute value of D is consistently overestimated, but the sign and the trend over the chemical series is well reproduced. Theoretical models (cis- and trans-[Mn(NH3)4X2], X=I, Br, Cl and F) have been used to investigate the different contributions to D and also to understand the origin of the experimentally observed changes in D within the series reported here. This study reveals that the spin-spin coupling contributions to the D tensor are non-negligible for the lighter halides (F, Cl) but become insignificant for the heavier halides (I, Br). The four different types of excitations involved in the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) part of the D tensor contribute with comparable magnitudes and opposing signs. The general trend observed for halide MnII complexes (DI>DBr>DCl) can be explained by the fact that the halide SOC dominates the D value in these systems with a major contribution arising from interference between metal- and halide-SOC contributions, which are proportional to the product of the SOC constants of Mn and X.