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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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2
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Caise A, Kolychev EL, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Reversible borohydride formation from aluminium hydrides and {H(9-BBN)} 2: structural, thermodynamic and reactivity studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10845-10852. [PMID: 30848267 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel β-diketiminate stabilised aluminium borohydrides of the type (Nacnac)Al(R){H2(9-BBN)} has been synthesised offering variation in both the auxiliary R substituent and in the Nacnac backbone itself. A number of these complexes show unusual dissociation of the borane from the aluminium hydride in solution under ambient conditions. The lability of the borane is shown (by variable temperature NMR analyses) to be influenced by the electronic character of both the aluminium-bound R substituent and the Nacnac ligand itself, such that electron-withdrawing substituents lead to greater dissociation of the borane. Comparison of these complexes with related systems featuring the tetrahydroborate [BH4]- ligand illustrates the impact of the boron-bound substituents on the ability of the borane fragment to dissociate from the aluminium hydride. This dissociative behaviour is shown to be highly influential on the ability of the borohydride complexes to reduce carbon dioxide in a stoichiometric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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3
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Recent advances in the chemistry of tris(thiolato) bridged cyclopentadienyl dimolybdenum complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhao J, Xu B, Yu W, Wang X. Silicon Tetrahydroborate and Silylene Dihydroborate with Interelement B–H–Si and B═Si Bonds. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Shanghai
Key Lab of Chemical
Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Shanghai
Key Lab of Chemical
Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Shanghai
Key Lab of Chemical
Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai
Key Lab of Chemical
Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Walgenbach A, Veith M, Huch V, Kohlmann H. New Molecular Aluminum Chloride Amides [Cl2AlNEt2]2and [HClAlNEt2]2and their Boranate Analogues [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2and [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Belén Molina Concha M, Chatenet M, Lima FH, Ticianelli EA. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and on-line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry study of the NH3BH3 oxidation reaction on gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Downs AJ, Greene TM, Johnsen E, Pulham CR, Robertson HE, Wann DA. The digallane molecule, Ga2H6: experimental update giving an improved structure and estimate of the enthalpy change for the reaction Ga2H6(g) → 2GaH3(g). Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5637-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c000694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tang CY, Cowley AR, Downs AJ, Marchant S, Parsons S. Formation and Characterization of the Cationic Gallane Derivatives [(RH2N)2GaH2]Cl (R = Me oriPr) and [{(iPrH2N)GaH2NHiPr}2GaH2]Cl. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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De S, Parameswaran P, Jemmis ED. A Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Boron Metathesis. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6091-8. [PMID: 17602473 DOI: 10.1021/ic700619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the boron metathesis reaction of the transition-metal-aminoborylene complex Cp(CO)(2)FeBN(CH(3))(2+) (8) with EX, where EX = H(3)PO (9ap), H(3)AsO (9bp), H(3)PS (9aq), H(3)AsS (9bq), CH(3)CHCH(2) (9cr), (NH(2))(2)CCH(2) (9dr), H(2)CO (9ep), and (NH(2))(2)CO (9dp) is investigated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level. The analysis of bonding and charge distribution shows that the Fe-borylene complex (8) is a Fischer-type carbene analogue. The attack of the olefin takes place at the metal end of the M=C bond of the metal-carbene complex in olefin metathesis and proceeds via [2 + 2] cycloaddition, while in boron metathesis, the initial attack of the substrates takes place at the positively charged B atom of the Fe-borylene complex and forms the preferred acyclic intermediate. The energetics of boron metathesis is comparable to that of the olefin metathesis. Substrates that are polar and a have low-lying sigma* molecular orbital (weak sigma bond) prefer the boron metathesis reaction. The relative stability of the metathesis products is controlled by the strength of the Fe-E and B-X bonds of the products 13 and 14, respectively. We have also investigated the possibility of a beta-hydride-transfer reaction in the Fe-borylene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita De
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Veith M, Burkhart M, Huch V. Magnesiumbis(tetrahydridogallat(III)) – Struktur und Umsetzung mittert-Butylalkohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Veith M, Burkhart M, Huch V. Magnesium Bis(tetrahydridogallate(III)): Structure and Reaction withtert-Butyl Alcohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5544-6. [PMID: 16858707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veith
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Tang CY, Downs AJ, Greene TM, Kettle L, Rankin DWH, Robertson HE, Turner AR. Gas electron diffraction study of the vapour over dimethylamine–gallane leading to an improved structure for dimeric dimethylamidogallane, [Me2NGaH2]2: a cautionary tale. Dalton Trans 2006:1204-12. [PMID: 16482358 DOI: 10.1039/b509975g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylamine-gallane is relatively slow to decompose in a closed system and vaporises at low temperature primarily as Me2(H)N.GaH3 molecules which can be trapped in a solid Ar matrix and characterised by their IR spectrum. Under the conditions needed to secure a useful gas electron diffraction (GED) pattern, however, the vapour was found to consist of dimeric dimethylamidogallane molecules, [Me2NGaH2]2, formed from the secondary amine adduct by elimination of H2, and the most reliable structure for which has been determined. Salient structural parameters (r(hl) structure) were found to be: r(Ga-N) 202.6(2), r(Ga-H) 155.6(8), r(N-C) 148.0(3), r(C-H) 111.2(6) pm; Ga-N-Ga 90.7(1), C-N-C 109.3(5), N-C-H 109.9(10) and H-Ga-H 119.4(42) degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y Tang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Tang CY, Downs AJ, Greene TM, Marchant S, Parsons S. Decomposition of Monochlorogallane, [H2GaCl]n, and Adducts with Amine and Phosphine Bases: Formation of Cationic Gallane Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:7143-50. [PMID: 16180877 DOI: 10.1021/ic050986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of monochlorogallane, [H2GaCl]n, at ambient temperatures results in the formation of subvalent gallium species. To Ga[HGaCl3], previously reported, has now been added a second mixed-valence solid, Ga4[HGaCl3]2[Ga2Cl6] (1), the crystal structure of which at 150 K shows a number of unusual features. Adducts of monochlorogallane, most readily prepared from the hydrochloride of the base and LiGaH4 in appropriate proportions, include not only the 1:1 molecular complex Me3P.GaH2Cl (2), but also 2:1 amine complexes which prove to be cationic gallane derivatives, [H2Ga(NH2R)2]+Cl-, where R = tBu (3a) or sBu (3b). All three of these complexes have been characterized crystallographically at 150 K.
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14
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Goebbert DJ, Hernandez H, Francisco JS, Wenthold PG. The Binding Energy and Bonding in Dialane. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:11684-9. [PMID: 16104745 DOI: 10.1021/ja0424070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The binding energy of dialane, Al2H6, has been measured using mass spectrometric techniques to be 33 +/- 5 kcal/mol. This represents the first measurement of the thermochemical properties of dialane, which has only recently been observed in low-temperature matricies. High-level quantum mechanical calculations give a binding energy in agreement with the measured value. Experimental and quantum mechanical calculations show that dialane is chemically similar to diborane, B2H6, even though the bonding for these two systems shows significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Goebbert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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Gaertner B, Himmel HJ, Macrae VA, Pardoe JAJ, Randall PG, Downs AJ. Some Novel Binuclear Group 13 Metal Tin Hydrides Formed in Ar Matrices Following the Codeposition of the Metal Vapor with SnH4. Chemistry 2004; 10:5836-47. [PMID: 15481027 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
IR measurements show that co-condensation of Al or Ga atoms (M) with SnH4 in a solid Ar matrix at about 12 K results mainly in the spontaneous insertion of the metal into an Sn-H bond to form the M(II) hydride HMSnH3. Simultaneously the Ga2 dimer also reacts with SnH4, possibly to form a nido-type cluster Ga2(mu-H)4Sn, with a metal-deficient cubane-like structure. All of these products are photolabile. Irradiation with visible light causes HMSnH3 to tautomerize to the novel dihydrido-bridged species H3M(mu-H)2Sn, which decomposes in turn under broad-band UV-visible light (lambda=200-800 nm); some H3Al(mu-H)2Sn is formed even on deposition. The data collected from experiments with SnH4 and SnD4 and different reagent concentrations, together with the results of quantum chemical calculations, are used to interpret the results and elucidate the structures and bonding of the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gaertner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, Engesserstrasse, Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Grochala W, Edwards PP. Thermal Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1283-316. [PMID: 15008624 DOI: 10.1021/cr030691s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grochala
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK.
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17
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Tang CY, Coxall RA, Downs AJ, Greene TM, Kettle L, Parsons S, Rankin DWH, Robertson HE, Turner AR. Molecular structure of trimethylphosphine–gallane, Me3P·GaH3: gas-phase electron diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical studies. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b306736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu S, Kim J, Tarakeshwar P, Kim KS. Insights into the Nature of SiH4−BH3 Complex: Theoretical Investigation of New Mechanistic Pathways Involving SiH3• and BH4• Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025580w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Hu
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jongseob Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - P. Tarakeshwar
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Aldridge S, Downs AJ. Hydrides of the main-group metals: new variations on an old theme. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3305-65. [PMID: 11840988 DOI: 10.1021/cr960151d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom
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