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Vojtasová D, Staško D, Hájek F, Colman RH, Klicpera M. Low-temperature properties of magnetically frustrated rare-earth zirconates A2Zr 2O 7. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:325805. [PMID: 38714194 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earthA2Zr2O7zirconates have attracted considerable attention of the scientific community for their complex magnetic, electronic and material properties applicable in modern technologies. The light rare-earth members of the series, crystallising in the pyrochlore variant of cubic crystal structure, have been studied in detail. The heavierA2Zr2O7compounds have been investigated mainly from the material properties viewpoint, focussing on their thermal properties and stability at high temperature and pressure. Low-temperature studies were mostly missing until recently. We present the low-temperature magnetic and thermodynamic properties ofA2Zr2O7withA= Y, La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu, well covering the whole series, newly synthesised by high-temperature sintering and melting methods. X-ray diffraction reveals and confirms the ordered pyrochlore structure in the light members, the disordered cubic structure of the defect-fluorite type inA2Zr2O7withA= Y, Gd-Yb, and finally the lower symmetry rhombohedral structure in the end-member Lu2Zr2O7. The specific heat of the investigated compounds is dominated by a low-temperature anomaly associated with magnetic ordering: long-range in light rare-earth zirconates; and short-range in heavier members. The effective magnetic moment in the studied compounds, determined by fitting the magnetisation data to the Curie-Weiss formula, is in good agreement with the expected value of theA3+free ion. The magnetic properties have been revealed to be strongly influenced by the geometric frustration of the magnetic moments of both the pyrochlore structure, as well as the face centred cubic lattice created by the cations of the defect-fluorite structure, but connected also to intrinsic atomic disorder. The experimental results are discussed in the framework of previous studies onA2Zr2O7zirconates, as well as otherA2B2O7compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vojtasová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - D Staško
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - F Hájek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R H Colman
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M Klicpera
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Lumpkin GR, Aughterson RD. Perspectives on Pyrochlores, Defect Fluorites, and Related Compounds: Building Blocks for Chemical Diversity and Functionality. Front Chem 2021; 9:778140. [PMID: 34869225 PMCID: PMC8632815 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.778140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we provide some perspectives on a range of pyrochlore and defect fluorite type compounds with nominal A2B2O7, A2BO5, ABC2O7, and other stoichiometries. Typically, the phase transformations and stability fields in these systems are mapped as a function of the ionic radii of the A and B-site cations, e.g., the A/B cation radius ratio (rA/rB). This provides a useful guide to compatible structures and compositions for the development of advanced materials. Pyrochlore commonly transforms to a defect fluorite structure at high temperature in many systems; however, it is not uncommon to observe defect fluorite as the initial metastable phase at low temperature. The patterns of order-disorder observed in these materials are primarily due to the energetics of layer stacking, the defect formation and migration energies of cations and anions, or modulations of the parent cubic structure in 3 + n dimensional space. The first lead to predominantly non-cubic derivatives of the parent defect fluorite structure (e.g., zirconolite polytypes), the second control the order-disorder processes, and the latter lead to a variety of subtle additional scattering features within the cubic parent structure. Although the energetics of cation disorder and anion-vacancy disorder have become more accessible via atomistic approaches (e.g., MD and DFT), we continue to find interesting physical-chemical problems in these materials. For example, although there are significant differences in composition (Tb/Zr ratio and O content) between Tb2Zr2O7 and Tb2ZrO5, both of which are defect fluorites, we note that the modulations found in these two compounds by electron scattering are virtually identical with regard to the direction and magnitude of displacement from the normal Bragg diffracted beams. This suggests that neither the A/B cation ratio nor the oxygen stoichiometry have a significant effect on the modulations. The general observations on the systems of compounds noted in this paper rest primarily in the context of industrial materials for nuclear waste disposal, potential applications in inert matrix fuel designs, and other important technological applications such as ionic conductivity, electrical conductivity, and magnetism. Scientific advances in these areas have been underpinned by recent advances in ion irradiation, synchrotron X-ray, neutron scattering, and modelling and simulation capabilities. Furthermore, there has been some renewed interest in natural samples, e.g., Th-U zirconolite and pyrochlore as analogues for potential host phases in nuclear waste forms. In particular, the natural pyrochlores have provided additional details with regard to radiation damage ingrowth, percolation transitions, and the relationships between accumulated dose and physical properties including hardness, elastic modulus. Specific details of the thermal annealing of these samples have also been elucidated in considerable detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Lumpkin
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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O’Quinn EC, Drey DL, Lang MK. Defining the Structural Stability Field of Disordered Fluorite Oxides. Front Chem 2021; 9:733718. [PMID: 34490214 PMCID: PMC8417061 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorite-structured oxides constitute an important class of materials for energy technologies. Despite their high level of structural symmetry and simplicity, these materials can accommodate atomic disorder without losing crystallinity, making them indispensable for uses in environments with high temperature, changing chemical compositions, or intense radiation fields. In this contribution, we present a set of simple rules that predict whether a compound may adopt a disordered fluorite structure. This approach is closely aligned with Pauling's rules for ionic crystal structures and Goldschmidt's rules for ionic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. O’Quinn
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Mullens BG, Zhang Z, Avdeev M, Brand HEA, Cowie BCC, Saura Múzquiz M, Kennedy BJ. Effect of Long- and Short-Range Disorder on the Oxygen Ionic Conductivity of Tm 2(Ti 2-xTm x)O 7-x/2 "Stuffed" Pyrochlores. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4517-4530. [PMID: 33688721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The long-range average and short-range local structures in the Tm2(Ti2-xTmx)O7-x/2 (x = 0.00-0.67) series were studied using a combination of diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. The long-range average structure, established from synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data, shows the development of multiphase regions from x = 0.134 and the formation of antisite cation disorder from x = 0.402. The crystal field splitting of the Ti4+ ions, as derived from the Ti L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, decreases gradually from 2.17 to 1.92 eV with increasing Tm3+ content (x), reflecting the increase in coordination number from 6 to predominantly 7. This is consistent with a gradual evolution of the short-range local disorder from x = 0.00 to 0.67. These results suggest that local disorder develops gradually throughout the entire composition range, whereas changes in the long-range disorder occur more suddenly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results show an increase in oxygen ionic conductivity at 1000 °C, by a factor of 4 upon doping at x = 0.268. This suggests that inducing small amounts of disorder into the pyrochlore structure, by stuffing, may lead to applications of this material as a solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce G Mullens
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Helen E A Brand
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Bruce C C Cowie
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Brendan J Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Phase separation in Tb pyrochlores. Studies of Tb2Zr1-xSnxO7. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Popov VV, Menushenkov AP, Zubavichus YV, Yaroslavtsev AA, Leshchev DS, Kulik ES, Yastrebtsev AA, Pisarev AA, Korovin SA, Tsarenko NA. Specific features of the crystal and local structures of compounds formed in the Dy2O3–HfO2 system. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023616090175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zirconate Pyrochlore Frustrated Magnets: Crystal Growth by the Floating Zone Technique. CRYSTALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst6070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jafar M, Phapale SB, Mandal BP, Mishra R, Tyagi AK. Preparation and Structure of Uranium-Incorporated Gd2Zr2O7 Compounds and Their Thermodynamic Stabilities under Oxidizing and Reducing Conditions. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9447-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Jafar
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Suhas B. Phapale
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Balaji P. Mandal
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ratikant Mishra
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Avesh K. Tyagi
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Liu S, Blanchard PER, Zhang Z, Kennedy BJ, Ling CD. Long- and short-range structure studies of KBT-KBZ solid-solutions using synchrotron radiation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10681-8. [PMID: 25631209 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relaxor ferroelectric K(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3) has been synthesised in a solid-solution series with K(0.5)Bi(0.5)ZrO(3), as K(0.5)Bi(0.5)Ti1-xZrxO(3). High-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy were used to characterise the long-range average and local structural behaviour. Rietveld refinements against diffraction data show that a pseudocubic tetragonal region exists across the whole solid-solution series, with truly cubic symmetry only observed at x = 1 (pure KBZ). Variable-temperature diffraction data for x = 0 (pure KBT) showed a broad ferroelectric transition from tetragonal to cubic symmetry at approximately 683 K with a coexistence of both phases close to that temperature, accompanied by a marked volume contraction. Ti K-edge data showed that Zr doping has a minimal effect on Ti off-centering, and revealed no evidence for local clustering. Metal L-edges showed that Ti(4+) cations remain off-centered with increasing Zr content, while Zr(4+) cations approach a higher-symmetry coordination environment, most likely due to the increased size of the Zr atoms. Although there is a minimal effect on actual Ti-offsets, an effective dilution of these environments by Zr doping leads to a reduction in polar domains and a diminished ferroelectric response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liu
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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Blanchard PER, Reynolds E, Kennedy BJ, Ling CD, Zhang Z, Thorogood G, Cowie BCC, Thomsen L. An unconventional method for measuring the Tc L3-edge of technetium compounds. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:1275-1281. [PMID: 25343795 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514014891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tc L3-edge XANES spectra have been collected on powder samples of SrTcO3 (octahedral Tc(4+)) and NH4TcO4 (tetrahedral Tc(7+)) immobilized in an epoxy resin. Features in the Tc L3-edge XANES spectra are compared with the pre-edge feature of the Tc K-edge as well as other 4d transition metal L3-edges. Evidence of crystal field splitting is obvious in the Tc L3-edge, which is sensitive to the coordination number and oxidation state of the Tc cation. The Tc L3 absorption edge energy difference between SrTcO3 (Tc(4+)) and NH4TcO4 (Tc(7+)) shows that the energy shift at the Tc L3-edge is an effective tool for studying changes in the oxidation states of technetium compounds. The Tc L3-edge spectra are compared with those obtained from Mo and Ru oxide standards with various oxidation states and coordination environments. Most importantly, fitting the Tc L3-edge to component peaks can provide direct evidence of crystal field splitting that cannot be obtained from the Tc K-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Reynolds
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brendan J Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chris D Ling
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Gordon Thorogood
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Bruce C C Cowie
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Blanchard PER, Liu S, Kennedy BJ, Ling CD, Zhang Z, Avdeev M, Jang LY, Lee JF, Pao CW, Chen JL. Studying the effects of Zr-doping in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3via diffraction and spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17358-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transformation in the (Bi0.5Na0.5)Ti1−xZrxO3 are characterized using XRD and XANES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. R. Blanchard
- Canadian Light Source
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Samuel Liu
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Chris D. Ling
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Ling-Yun Jang
- Experimental Facility Division
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- Experimental Facility Division
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- Experimental Facility Division
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- Experimental Facility Division
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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