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Owens-Baird B, Yox P, Lee S, Carroll XB, Grass Wang S, Chen YS, Lebedev OI, Kovnir K. Chemically driven superstructural ordering leading to giant unit cells in unconventional clathrates Cs 8Zn 18Sb 28 and Cs 8Cd 18Sb 28. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10255-10264. [PMID: 34094291 PMCID: PMC8162314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03846f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional clathrates, Cs8Zn18Sb28 and Cs8Cd18Sb28, were synthesized and reinvestigated. These clathrates exhibit unique and extensive superstructural ordering of the clathrate-I structure that was not initially reported. Cs8Cd18Sb28 orders in the Ia3̄d space group (no. 230) with 8 times larger volume of the unit cell in which most framework atoms segregate into distinct Cd and Sb sites. The structure of Cs8Zn18Sb28 is much more complicated, with an 18-fold increase of unit cell volume accompanied by significant reduction of symmetry down to P2 (no. 3) monoclinic space group. This structure was revealed by a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. A full solid solution, Cs8Zn18−xCdxSb28, was also synthesized and characterized. These compounds follow Vegard's law in regard to their primitive unit cell sizes and melting points. Variable temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the formation and melting of Cs8Zn18Sb28. Due to the heavy elements comprising clathrate framework and the complex structural ordering, the synthesized clathrates exhibit ultralow thermal conductivities, all under 0.8 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature. Cs8Zn9Cd9Sb28 and Cs8Zn4.5Cd13.5Sb28 both have total thermal conductivities of 0.49 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, among the lowest reported for any clathrate. Cs8Zn18Sb28 has typical p-type semiconducting charge transport properties, while the remaining clathrates show unusual n–p transitions or sharp increases of thermopower at low temperatures. Estimations of the bandgaps as activation energy for resistivity dependences show an anomalous widening and then shrinking of the bandgap with increasing Cd-content. Giant clathrate supercell driven by ordering of Zn/Sb bonding in the framework and Cs-guest vacancies is found in unconventional clathrate Cs8Zn18Sb28.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Philip Yox
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA.,Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENICAEN Caen 14050 France
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Xian B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Suyin Grass Wang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago Argonne USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago Argonne USA
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENICAEN Caen 14050 France
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
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2
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Owens-Baird B, Wang J, Wang SG, Chen YS, Lee S, Donadio D, Kovnir K. III-V Clathrate Semiconductors with Outstanding Hole Mobility: Cs 8In 27Sb 19 and A8Ga 27Sb 19 ( A = Cs, Rb). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2031-2041. [PMID: 31894979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three novel unconventional clathrates with unprecedented III-V semiconducting frameworks have been synthesized: Cs8In27Sb19, Cs8Ga27Sb19, and Rb8Ga27Sb19. These clathrates represent the first examples of tetrel-free clathrates that are completely composed of main group elements. All title compounds crystallize in an ordered superstructure of clathrate-I in the Ia3̅ space group (No. 206; Z = 8). In the clathrate framework, a full ordering of {Ga or In} and Sb is observed by a combination of high-resolution synchrotron single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that all three clathrates are energetically stable with relaxed lattice constants matching the experimental data. Due to the complexity of the crystal structure composed of heavy elements, the reported clathrates exhibit ultralow thermal conductivities of less than 1 W·m-1·K-1 at room temperature. All compounds are predicted and experimentally confirmed to be narrow-bandgap p-type semiconductors with high Seebeck thermopower values, up to 250 μV·K-1 at 300 K for Cs8In27Sb19. The latter compound shows carrier concentrations and mobilities, 1.42 × 1015 cm-3 and 880 cm2 ·V-1·s-1, which are on par with the values for parent binary InSb, one of the best electronic semiconductors. The high hole carrier mobility is uncommon for complex bulk materials and a highly desirable trait, opening ways to design semiconducting materials based on tunable III-V clathrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Wichita State University , Wichita , Kansas 67260 , United States
| | - Suyin Grass Wang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Chicago , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Chicago , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Davide Donadio
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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3
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Wang J, Dolyniuk JA, Kovnir K. Unconventional Clathrates with Transition Metal-Phosphorus Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:31-39. [PMID: 29256588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we focused on a unique class of inclusion compounds, intermetallic clathrates, which exist in a variety of structures and exhibit diverse physical properties. These compounds combine covalent tetrahedral frameworks with rattling guest atoms situated inside their framework cages. Tetrels, the group 14 elements, are the basis for conventional clathrates because they fulfill the bonding requirement of four electrons per framework atom. In analogy to the replacement of Ge with GaAs in semiconductors, we focused on unconventional tetrel-free clathrates with frameworks composed of phosphorus and late transition metals. Compared to tetrels, these elements exhibit greater flexibility in their local coordinations and bonding. Tetrel elements cannot tolerate high deviations from regular tetrahedral coordinations. Thus, they exile a number of theoretically predicted framework topologies that are composed of a single type of polyhedral cage with square faces, such as the truncated octahedron. Unconventional clathrates are capable of stabilizing both envisaged and unique, unforeseen topologies. Clathrate structures with guest atoms held inside their cages by weak electrostatic interactions are predicted to be efficient thermoelectrics due to their low thermal conductivities. Unconventional clathrates may exhibit ultralow thermal conductivities, below 1 W m-1 K-1, without a need for heavy elements in their frameworks. The different chemical natures of transition metals and phosphorus led to their segregation over different framework positions, fulfilling the elements' specific local coordination and bonding requirements. This resulted in the formation of short- and long-range ordered superstructures with complex phonon dispersions and ultralow thermal conductivities. Aliovalent substitutions are commonly used to tune charge carrier concentrations in materials science. They are often performed under the "doping" assumption that substitutions with neighboring elements in the periodic system should not affect the parent structure but only adjust the charge carrier concentrations. This is not the case for unconventional clathrates. We investigated the tunability of the prototype Ba8Cu16P30 clathrate by the aliovalent substitution of Cu with either Zn or Ge. These substitutions resulted in significant alterations of the local chemical bonding and led to the rearrangement of the whole crystal structure. Remarkable thermoelectric properties were achieved for the substituted unconventional clathrates, exhibiting an overall order of magnitude increase in the thermoelectric performance. Aliovalent substitution allowed us to vary the charge carrier concentration in one structure type within the limits of the structure's stability. Exceeding these limits in the Ba-Cu-Zn-P system resulted in a transition from the covalent 2c-2e bonding found in conventional clathrates to the multicenter bonding common for metal-rich intermetallic compounds. This caused the complete rearrangement of the crystal structure into a new unique clathrate where a majority of the framework atoms are five- and six-coordinated, and all metal atoms are joined in Cu-Zn dumbbells. Our work shows that unconventional clathrates exhibit diverse crystal structures and unique chemical bonding, which result in tunable transport properties. While they are similar to their tetrel counterparts in some ways, they are very different in others. Specifically, the high thermal and chemical stabilities and low thermal conductivities of unconventional clathrates make them promising bases for further development of thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Juli-Anna Dolyniuk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Wang J, Lebedev OI, Lee K, Dolyniuk JA, Klavins P, Bux S, Kovnir K. High-efficiency thermoelectric Ba 8Cu 14Ge 6P 26: bridging the gap between tetrel-based and tetrel-free clathrates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8030-8038. [PMID: 29568451 PMCID: PMC5853772 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy between tetrel- and pnictide-based clathrates: synthesis, crystal structure, and transport properties of a Ba8Cu14Ge6P26.
A new type-I clathrate, Ba8Cu14Ge6P26, was synthesized by solid-state methods as a polycrystalline powder and grown as a cm-sized single crystal via the vertical Bridgman method. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction show that Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm3n (no. 223). Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is the first representative of anionic clathrates whose framework is composed of three atom types of very different chemical natures: a transition metal, tetrel element, and pnicogen. Uniform distribution of the Cu, Ge, and P atoms over the framework sites and the absence of any superstructural or local ordering in Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and neutron and X-ray pair distribution function analyses. Characterization of the transport properties demonstrate that Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is a p-type semiconductor with an intrinsically low thermal conductivity of 0.72 W m–1 K–1 at 812 K. The thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, for a slice of the Bridgman-grown crystal of Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 approaches 0.63 at 812 K due to a high power factor of 5.62 μW cm–1 K–2. The thermoelectric efficiency of Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is on par with the best optimized p-type Ge-based clathrates and outperforms the majority of clathrates in the 700–850 K temperature region, including all tetrel-free clathrates. Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 expands clathrate chemistry by bridging conventional tetrel-based and tetrel-free clathrates. Advanced transport properties, in combination with earth-abundant framework elements and congruent melting make Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 a strong candidate as a novel and efficient thermoelectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT , ENSICAEN , CNRS , UMR 6508 , F-14050 Caen , France
| | - Kathleen Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA . .,Thermal Energy Conversion Research and Advancement Group , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena , CA 91109 , USA
| | - Juli-Anna Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - Peter Klavins
- Department of Physics , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Sabah Bux
- Thermal Energy Conversion Research and Advancement Group , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena , CA 91109 , USA
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA . .,Ames Laboratory , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA
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5
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Novikov VV, Matovnikov AV, Mitroshenkov NV, Kornev BI, Pilipenko KS, Likhanov MS, Shevelkov AV. Structural irregularities and peculiarities of low-temperature thermal properties of Sn 24P 19.4Br 8 clathrate. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9110-9117. [PMID: 28664972 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature changes of the heat capacity and unit cell parameters of Sn24P19.4Br8 clathrate were experimentally determined in the temperature range of 2 to 300 K. The data obtained were analyzed using Debye-Einstein approximation and taking into account the impact of both disorder in the host matrix and the presence of vacancies in the framework. Anomalous negative contribution to the thermal expansion was revealed and related to the defect mode influence on the clathrate thermal properties as a result of vibrations of two-level systems (TLS). The guest atoms that have the opportunity to occupy spatially close yet energetically non-equivalent positions in the asymmetric environment of the host matrix atoms play a principal role in the TLS formation. The results are compared with those previously obtained for semiclathrate Ge31P15Se8.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Novikov
- Bryansk Physical Laboratory Petrovsky Bryansk State University, 14, Bezhitskaja St, 241036 Bryansk, Russia.
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6
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Zhang H, Peng W, Mu G, Hu T, Huang F, Xie X. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Clathrate Si30.3(8)P15.7(8)Se7.930(3). Chemistry 2017; 23:9505-9516. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
| | - Gang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics InstitutionChinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
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7
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Dolyniuk J, Whitfield PS, Lee K, Lebedev OI, Kovnir K. Controlling superstructural ordering in the clathrate-I Ba 8M 16P 30 (M = Cu, Zn) through the formation of metal-metal bonds. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3650-3659. [PMID: 28580103 PMCID: PMC5437377 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Order-disorder-order phase transitions in the clathrate-I Ba8Cu16P30 were induced and controlled by aliovalent substitutions of Zn into the framework. Unaltered Ba8Cu16P30 crystallizes in an ordered orthorhombic (Pbcn) clathrate-I superstructure that maintains complete segregation of metal and phosphorus atoms over 23 different crystallographic positions in the clathrate framework. The driving force for the formation of this Pbcn superstructure is the avoidance of Cu-Cu bonds. This superstructure is preserved upon aliovalent substitution of Zn for Cu in Ba8Cu16-x Zn x P30 with 0 < x < 1.6 (10% Zn/Mtotal), but vanishes at greater substitution concentrations. Higher Zn concentrations (up to 35% Zn/Mtotal) resulted in the additional substitution of Zn for P in Ba8M16+y P30-y (M = Cu, Zn) with 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. This causes the formation of Cu-Zn bonds in the framework, leading to a collapse of the orthorhombic superstructure into the more common cubic subcell of clathrate-I (Pm3n). In the resulting cubic phases, each clathrate framework position is jointly occupied by three different elements: Cu, Zn, and P. Detailed structural characterization of the Ba-Cu-Zn-P clathrates-I via single crystal X-ray diffraction, joint synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffractions, pair distribution function analysis, electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy, along with elemental analysis, indicates that local ordering is present in the cubic clathrate framework, suggesting the evolution of Cu-Zn bonds. For the compounds with the highest Zn content, a disorder-order transformation is detected due to the formation of another superstructure with trigonal symmetry and Cu-Zn bonds in the clathrate-I framework. It is shown that small changes in the composition, synthesis, and crystal structure have significant impacts on the structural and transport properties of Zn-substituted Ba8Cu16P30.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - P S Whitfield
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , USA
| | - K Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - O I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT , ENSICAEN , CNRS UMR 6508 , 6 Boulevard du Mareéchal Juin , F-14050 Caen , France
| | - K Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
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Synthesis and structures of type-I clathrates: Rb6Na2Ge44.89(1), Cs6Na2Zn4Ge42 and Cs6.40(1)Na1.60(1)Ga8Ge38. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Zhang H, Mu G, Huang F, Xie X. New clathrates of Rb7.50(1)Tl0.50(1)Ge46and K7.62(1)Tl0.38(1)Ge45.34(3). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14614g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rb7.50(1)Tl0.50(1)Ge46and K7.62(1)Tl0.38(1)Ge45.34(3)are synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics and Shanghai Center for Superconductivity
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Gang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics and Shanghai Center for Superconductivity
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics and Shanghai Center for Superconductivity
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
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Dolyniuk JA, He H, Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI, Bobev S, Kovnir K. Ba and Sr Binary Phosphides: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Bonding Analysis. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8608-16. [PMID: 26270202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, crystal structures, and chemical bonding are reported for four binary phosphides with different degrees of phosphorus oligomerization, ranging from isolated P atoms to infinite phosphorus chains. Ba3P2 = Ba4P(2.67)□(0.33) (□ = vacancy) crystallizes in the anti-Th3P4 structure type with the cubic space group I4̅3d (no. 220), Z = 6, a = 9.7520(7) Å. In the Ba3P2 crystal structure, isolated P(3-) anions form distorted octahedra around the Ba(2+) cations. β-Ba5P4 crystallizes in the Eu5As4 structure type with the orthorhombic space group Cmce (no. 64), Z = 4, a = 16.521(2) Å, b = 8.3422(9) Å, c = 8.4216(9) Å. In the crystal structure of β-Ba5P4, one-half of the phosphorus atoms are condensed into P2(4-) dumbbells. SrP2 and BaP2 are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c (no. 14), Z = 6, a = 6.120(2)/6.368(1) Å, b = 11.818(3)/12.133(2) Å, c = 7.441(2)/7.687(2) Å, β = 126.681(4)/126.766(2)° for SrP2/BaP2. In the crystal structures of SrP2 and BaP2, all phosphorus atoms are condensed into ∞(1)P(1-) cis-trans helical chains. Electronic structure calculations, chemical bonding analysis via the recently developed solid-state adaptive natural density partitioning (SSAdNDP) method, and UV-vis spectroscopy reveal that SrP2 and BaP2 are electron-balanced semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli-Anna Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hua He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , 304A Drake Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , 304A Drake Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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11
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Dolyniuk JA, Tran N, Lee K, Kovnir K. Sr2P7X(X= Cl, Br, and I): Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of Double Zintl Salts Containing Heptaphosphanortricyclane, P73-. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Charkin DO, Demchyna R, Prots Y, Borrmann H, Burkhardt U, Schwarz U, Schnelle W, Plokhikh IV, Kazakov SM, Abakumov AM, Batuk D, Verchenko VY, Tsirlin AA, Curfs C, Grin Y, Shevelkov AV. Two New Arsenides, Eu7Cu44As23 and Sr7Cu44As23, With a New Filled Variety of the BaHg11 Structure. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11173-84. [PMID: 25265469 DOI: 10.1021/ic5017615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri O. Charkin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Demchyna
- National University of Forestry and Wood Technology of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor V. Plokhikh
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Kazakov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Valery Yu. Verchenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Caroline Curfs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Schäfer MC, Bobev S. On the possibility for Rb- and Eu-cation ordering in type-I clathrates: synthesis and homogeneity range of the novel compounds Rb(8-x)Eu(x)(In,Ge)46 (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.8). Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:1457-61. [PMID: 24311490 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270113030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in the Rb-Eu-In-Ge system confirm the existence of the phase Rb(8-x)Eu(x)(In,Ge)46 (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.8), crystallizing with the cubic clathrate type-I structure. The In and Ge content can be varied, concomitant with changes in the Rb-Eu ratio. Two of the three framework sites are occupied by statistical mixtures of Ge and In atoms, while the site with the lowest multiplicity is taken by the In atoms only. Based on the three refined formulae [heptarubidium europium nonaindium heptatriacontagermanide, Rb7.39(3)Eu0.61(3)In8.88(5)Ge37.12(5), and two forms of hexarubidium dieuropium decaindium hexatriacontagermanide, Rb6.30(3)Eu1.70(3)In9.76(4)Ge36.24(4) and Rb6.24(2)Eu1.76(2)In10.16(5)Ge35.84(5)] and the explored different synthetic routes, it can be suggested that the known ternary phase Rb8In8Ge38 and the hypothetical quaternary phase Rb6Eu2In10Ge36 represent the boundaries of the homogeneity range. In the former limiting composition, both the (Ge,In)20 and the (Ge,In)24 cages are fully occupied by Rb atoms only, whereas Rb6Eu2In10Ge36 has Rb atoms encapsulated in the larger tetrakaidecahedra, with Eu atoms filling the smaller pentagonal dodecahedra. For the solid solutions Rb(8-x)Eu(x)(In,Ge)46, Rb and Eu are statistically disordered in the dodecahedral cage, and the tetrakaidecahedral cage is only occupied by Rb atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion C Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Kirsanova MA, Mori T, Maruyama S, Abakumov AM, Tendeloo GV, Olenev A, Shevelkov AV. Cationic Clathrate of Type-III Ge172–xPxTey (y ≈ 21.5, x ≈ 2y): Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8272-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401203r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Kirsanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
(MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satofumi Maruyama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
(MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Andrei Olenev
- “SineTheta” Ltd., scientific
park of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-77, Moscow
119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Shevelkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Kirsanova MA, Shevelkov AV. Clathrates and semiclathrates of Type-I: crystal structure and superstructures. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2013.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review surveys the crystal chemistry of inorganic compounds belonging to the structure type of clathrate-I. The compounds of this family exhibit an unexpected variety of both chemical composition and features of the crystal structure. The basic crystal structure of clathrate-I and different variants of its modification, such as siting, position splitting, and superstructure formation including transformation to semiclathrates, are considered in terms of the group-subgroup relationship.
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Kirsanova MA, Mori T, Maruyama S, Matveeva M, Batuk D, Abakumov AM, Gerasimenko AV, Olenev AV, Grin Y, Shevelkov AV. Synthesis, Structure, and Transport Properties of Type-I Derived Clathrate Ge46–xPxSe8–y (x = 15.4(1); y = 0–2.65) with Diverse Host–Guest Bonding. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:577-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3011025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Kirsanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satofumi Maruyama
- International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maria Matveeva
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Batuk
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Andrei V. Olenev
- “SineTheta” Ltd., Scientific Park of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow,
Russia
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden,
Germany
| | - Andrei V. Shevelkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Liquidus projection of the Ag–Ba–Ge system and melting points of clathrate type-I compounds. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Abramchuk NS, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Veremchuk I, Oeschler N, Olenev AV, Prots Y, Burkhardt U, Dikarev EV, Grin J, Shevelkov AV. Homo- and heterovalent substitutions in the new clathrates I Si30P16Te(8-x)Se(x) and Si(30+x)P(16-x)Te(8-x)Br(x): synthesis, crystal structure, and thermoelectric properties. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11396-405. [PMID: 23072375 DOI: 10.1021/ic3010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new cationic clathrates I Si(30)P(16)Te(8-x)Se(x) and Si(30+x)P(16-x)Te(8-x)Br(x) were synthesized by the standard ampule technique. The Si(30)P(16)Te(8-x)Se(x) (x = 0-2.3) clathrates crystallize in the cubic space group Pm3̅n with the unit cell parameter a ranging from 9.9382(2) to 9.9696(1) Å. In the case of the Si(30+x)P(16-x)Te(8-x)Br(x) (x = 1-6.4) clathrates, the lattice parameter varies from 9.9720(8) to 10.0405(1) Å; at lower Si/P ratios (x = 1-3) the ordering of bromine atoms induces the splitting of the guest positions and causes the transformation from the space group Pm3n to Pm3. Irrespective of the structure peculiarities, the normal temperature motion of the guest atoms inside the oversized cages of the framework is observed. The title clathrates possess very low thermal expansion coefficients ranging from 6.6 × 10(-6) to 1.0 × 10(-5) K(-1) in the temperature range of 298-1100 K. The characteristic Debye temperature is about 490 K. Measurements of the electrical resistivity and thermopower showed typical behavior of p-type thermally activated semiconductors, whereas the temperature behavior of the thermal conductivity is glasslike and in general consistent with the PGEC concept. The highest value of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT = 0.1) was achieved for the Br-bearing clathrate Si(32.1(2))P(13.9(2))Te(6.6(2))Br(1.0(1)) at 750 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S Abramchuk
- Max-Planck-Institute für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Noethnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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Roudebush JH, Tsujii N, Hurtando A, Hope H, Grin Y, Kauzlarich SM. Phase Range of the Type-I Clathrate Sr8AlxSi46–x and Crystal Structure of Sr8Al10Si36. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4161-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2024814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Roudebush
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Naohito Tsujii
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Antonio Hurtando
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Håkon Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
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Kirsanova MA, Reshetova LN, Olenev AV, Shevelkov AV. On the crystal structure of the germanium-based cationic clathrates [Ge38.3Sb7.7]I7.44, [Ge38.1P7.9]I8, and [Ge30.5Sn7.7P7.75]I7.88. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328412030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Kovnir K, Stockert U, Budnyk S, Prots Y, Baitinger M, Paschen S, Shevelkov AV, Grin Y. Introducing a Magnetic Guest to a Tetrel-Free Clathrate: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of EuxBa8–xCu16P30 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5). Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10387-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kovnir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ulrike Stockert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergij Budnyk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Paschen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrei V. Shevelkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Kirsanova MA, Reshetova LN, Olenev AV, Abakumov AM, Shevelkov AV. Semiclathrates of the Ge-P-Te System: Synthesis and Crystal Structures. Chemistry 2011; 17:5719-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kirsanova MA, Olenev AV, Abakumov AM, Bykov MA, Shevelkov AV. Extension of the Clathrate Family: The Type X Clathrate Ge79P29S18Te6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2371-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirsanova MA, Olenev AV, Abakumov AM, Bykov MA, Shevelkov AV. Extension of the Clathrate Family: The Type X Clathrate Ge79P29S18Te6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Zaikina JV, Mori T, Kovnir K, Teschner D, Senyshyn A, Schwarz U, Grin Y, Shevelkov AV. Bulk and Surface Structure and High‐Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Inverse Clathrate‐III in the Si‐P‐Te System. Chemistry 2010; 16:12582-9. [PMID: 20945448 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Zaikina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leniskie Gory, 1‐3, Moscow 119991 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 495‐939‐4788
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str., 40, Dresden 01187 (Germany)
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Chieftan Way 95, Tallahassee, FL, 32306 (USA)
| | - Takao Mori
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1‐1, Tsukuba 305‐0044 (Japan)
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str., 40, Dresden 01187 (Germany)
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Chieftan Way 95, Tallahassee, FL, 32306 (USA)
| | - Detre Teschner
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institute of the Max‐Planck Society, Faradayweg 4‐6, Berlin, 14195 (Germany)
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D‐85747 Garching bei München (Germany)
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str., 40, Dresden 01187 (Germany)
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str., 40, Dresden 01187 (Germany)
| | - Andrei V. Shevelkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leniskie Gory, 1‐3, Moscow 119991 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 495‐939‐4788
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Yamanaka S. Silicon clathrates and carbon analogs: high pressure synthesis, structure, and superconductivity. Dalton Trans 2009; 39:1901-15. [PMID: 20148201 DOI: 10.1039/b918480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds with cage-like structures of elemental silicon and carbon are comparatively reviewed. Barium containing silicon clathrate compounds isomorphous with type I gas hydrates were prepared using high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions, and found to become superconductors. The application of HPHT conditions to Zintl binary silicides have produced a number of silicon-rich cage-like structures including new clathrate structures; most of them are superconductors. Carbon analogs of silicon clathrates can be prepared by 3D polymerization of C(60) under HPHT conditions, which are new allotropes of carbon with expanded framework structures. The crystal chemistry and characteristic properties of some related compounds are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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Schmidt P, Dallmann H, Kadner G, Krug J, Philipp F, Teske K. The Thermochemical Behaviour of Te8O10(PO4)4and its Use for Phosphide Telluride Synthesis. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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