1
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Krumov MR, Lang S, Johnson L, Abruña HD. Operando Investigation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation, Dynamic Evolution, and Degradation During Lithium Plating/Stripping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47692-47703. [PMID: 37751476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dictates the stability and cycling performance of highly reactive battery electrodes. Characterization of the thin, dynamic, and environmentally sensitive nature of the SEI presents a formidable challenge, which calls for the use of microscopic, time-resolved operando methods. Herein, we employ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to directly probe the heterogeneous surface electronic conductivity during SEI formation and degradation. Complementary operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide comprehensive analysis of the dynamic size and compositional evolution of the complex interfacial microstructure. We have found that stable anode passivation occurs at potentials of 0.5 V vs Li/Li+, even in cases where anion decomposition and interphase formation occur above 1.0 V. We investigated the bidirectional relationship between the SEI and lithium plating-stripping, finding that plating-stripping ruptures the SEI. The current efficiency of this reaction is correlated to the anodic stability of the SEI, highlighting the interdependent relationship between the two. We anticipate this work will provide critical insights on the rational design of stable and effective SEI layers for safe, fast-charging, and long-lifetime lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail R Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shuangyan Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lucas Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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García-Jareño JJ, Agrisuelas J, Vicente F. Overview and Recent Advances in Hyphenated Electrochemical Techniques for the Characterization of Electroactive Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4226. [PMID: 37374409 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A hyphenated electrochemical technique consists of the combination of the coupling of an electrochemical technique with a non-electrochemical technique, such as spectroscopical and optical techniques, electrogravimetric techniques, and electromechanical techniques, among others. This review highlights the development of the use of this kind of technique to appreciate the useful information which can be extracted for the characterization of electroactive materials. The use of time derivatives and the acquisition of simultaneous signals from different techniques allow extra information from the crossed derivative functions in the dc-regime to be obtained. This strategy has also been effectively used in the ac-regime, reaching valuable information about the kinetics of the electrochemical processes taking place. Among others, molar masses of exchanged species or apparent molar absorptivities at different wavelengths have been estimated, increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms for different electrode processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan García-Jareño
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Agrisuelas
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Vicente
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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3
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A statistical interpretation of the voltammetry of adsorbed substances under the perspective view of the Digital Video Electrochemistry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Guillén E, Agrisuelas J, García-Jareño J, Vicente F. The role of lithium, perchlorate and water during electrochemical processes in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films in LiClO4 aqueous solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Leppin C, Peschel A, Meyer FS, Langhoff A, Johannsmann D. Kinetics of viscoelasticity in the electric double layer following steps in the electrode potential studied by a fast electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Analyst 2021; 146:2160-2171. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01965h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast EQCM measures the kinetics of the viscosity changes inside the double layer following voltage jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leppin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Astrid Peschel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Frederick Sebastian Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Arne Langhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
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6
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Obana TT, Leite MM, Martins VL, Torresi RM. Downplaying the role of water in the rheological changes of conducting polymers by using water-in-salt electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12251-12259. [PMID: 34013936 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric changes associated with solvent/electrolyte exchange in electronic conducting polymers (ECPs) play an important role in the mechanical stability of the polymers, as these changes are a critical factor in ECP-based energy storage devices. Thus, the present work explores the hindering of such volumetric deformations for polypyrrole films doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonate (PPy(DBS)) by employing highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes (or water-in-salt electrolytes, WiSEs), and their effects over the corresponding electrochemical capacitor cell energy retention. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements for thin PPy(DBS) films in the WiSEs revealed negligible dissipation changes (ΔDn ≈ 0), in contrast with those in dilute aqueous electrolyte (ΔDn ≠ 0), indicating inexpressive structural deformation of PPy(DBS) in the WiSE. This phenomenon is observed for thick freestanding PPy(DBS) films, which presented a maximum bending angle decay from ∼56° (diluted aqueous electrolyte) to 3.5° when working in the WiSE, thus proving the hindering of film bending. The observed trends are reflected in the PPy(DBS) cell energy retention, where the use of a WiSE decreased cell energy fading by 30% after 600 cycles, in comparison with cells based on diluted electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago T Obana
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina M Leite
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vitor L Martins
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto M Torresi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Agrisuelas J, Ferrús D, Gabrielli C, García-Jareño JJ, Perrot H, Sel O, Vicente F. Poly(neutral red) on passivated nickel films. New insights through EQCM measurements. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193516120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Coulovoltammetric and Dynamovoltammetric Responses from Conducting Polymers and Bilayer Muscles as Tools to Identify Reaction-driven Structural Changes. A review. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Babauta JT, Beasley CA, Beyenal H. Investigation of Electron Transfer by Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms by using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance. ChemElectroChem 2014; 1:2007-2016. [PMID: 27525205 PMCID: PMC4964883 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Both the short- and long-term electron-transfer processes of electrode-respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms are demonstrated by using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM monitors the frequency shift from the initial resonant frequency (background) in real time, while the current increases, because of biofilm growth. In the short term, the frequency shift is linear with respect to current for the biofilm. In long-term biofilm growth up to the exponential phase, a second linear region of frequency shift with respect to current is observed. In addition to the frequency shift response at constant polarization, the frequency shift response is coupled to cyclic voltammetry experiments. During cyclic voltammetry, a reproducible, negative increase in frequency shift is observed at oxidizing potentials. The results suggest that a QCM can be used in applications in which it is useful to find the most efficient current producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome T Babauta
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering PO Box 646515, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515 (USA) E-mail:
| | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering PO Box 646515, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515 (USA) E-mail:
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10
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Structure of the Voltammograms of the Platinum-Black Electrodes: Derivative Voltammetry and Data Fitting Analysis. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Chang CM, Song CS, Huang HJ. Impedance Analysis of Charge Transport and Redox Reactions of Polypyrrole at Polypyrrole-coated Electrodes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Grzeszczuk M, Chmielewski M. Influence of electrodeposition potential on composition and ion exchange of polypyrrole films in aqueous hexafluoroaluminate featured by EQCM molar mass to charge factors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Molecularly imprinted surface acoustic wave sensors: The synergy of electrochemical and gravimetric transductions in chemical recognition processes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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The Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in Acidic Chloride Solutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CORROSION 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/718626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the concentration of the 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) as ionic liquids (ILs) on the corrosion inhibition of copper in 1.0 M Cl−solutions of pH 1.0 was studied. The investigation involved electrochemical polarization methods as well as electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of BMIMCl and BMIMBr. Adherent layers of inhibitors were postulated to account for the protective effect. Both of the compounds act as a mixed-type inhibitor. The values of standard free energy of adsorption suggest the chemical adsorption BMIMCl and BMIMBr on the copper surface.
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15
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Chen H, Aoki K, Kawaguchi F, Chen J, Nishiumi T. Voltammetric potentials of polyaniline varying with electric percolation. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Electrochemical and electrogravimetric behaviors of conducting polymer. Theoretical aspects and application to co-polymer films based on juglone. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Dusemund C, Schwitzgebel G. Investigations on Conducting Polymer Films with a Fast Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19910951144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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19
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Deng F, Chen S. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of the rectified quantized charging of gold nanoparticle multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:936-41. [PMID: 17209655 DOI: 10.1021/la0622976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was employed to investigate the dynamics of rectified quantized charging of gold nanoparticle multilayers by in situ monitoring of the interfacial mass changes in aqueous solutions with varied electrolytes. EQCM measurements showed that interfacial mass changes only occurred at potentials more positive than the potential of zero charge (PZC), where nanoparticle quantized charging was well-defined, whereas in the negative potential regime where only featureless voltammetric responses were observed, the QCM frequency remained virtually invariant. This was ascribed to the fact that nanoparticle quantized charging was induced by the formation of ion-pairs between hydrophobic electrolyte anions (PF6-, ClO4-, BF4-, and NO3-) and positively charged gold nanoparticles. Based on the total frequency changes and the number of electrolyte anions adsorbed onto the particle layers, the number of water molecules that were involved in the ion-pairing processes was then quantitatively estimated at varied particle charge states, which was found to increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the anions. Additionally, the electron-transfer dynamics of the gold particle multilayers were also evaluated by electrochemical impedance measurements. It was found that the particle electron-transfer rate was about an order of magnitude slower than that of the ion diffusion and binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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20
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Ge C, Armstrong NR, Saavedra SS. pH-Sensing Properties of Poly(aniline) Ultrathin Films Self-Assembled on Indium−Tin Oxide. Anal Chem 2007; 79:1401-10. [PMID: 17297939 DOI: 10.1021/ac061740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structural and functional properties of ultrathin (<5 nm) poly(aniline) (PANI) films deposited on indium-tin oxide (ITO) have been investigated using electrochemical and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy methods. Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly was used to form films composed of one and two bilayers of PANI and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), as well as single PANI layers of approximately monolayer thickness. PANI deposited on an ITO electrode is electroactive at neutral pH, both with and without codeposition of an acid dopant such as PAA. In the absence of PAA, it is hypothesized that the acidic surface groups on ITO can function as the counterion. The pH response of PANI single layer, (PANI/PAA)(1), and (PANI/PAA)(2) films was examined using both potentiometry and ATR spectroscopy. Near-Nernstian potentiometric responses over pH 3-9 were observed for all three types of films, consistent with the weak acid-base behavior expected of polymers assembled in a LbL film. The ATR spectral sensitivity to pH increases as the number of layers in the film increases, with the highest sensitivity achieved by monitoring the absorbance at 800 nm (predominately due to the emeraldine salt form) of (PANI/PAA)(2) films. Codeposition of PANI and PAA appears to produce a wide distribution of strengths of acidic and basic sites in the film and thus a large linear dynamic range, up to six pH units. The water contact angle of (PANI/PAA)(2) is approximately 16 degrees, which is considerably more hydrophilic than either the PANI single layer or (PANI/PAA)(1) films ( approximately 40 degrees ). This film is shown to be a suitable substrate for deposition of a planar supported phospholipid bilayer. The supported membrane is highly impermeable to protons, which makes this architecture useful for monitoring transmembrane charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, USA
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21
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Growth of passive layers on nickel during their voltammetric anodic dissolution in a weakly acid medium. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Pater E, Bruckenstein S, Hillman AR. Theory for Solvent and Salt Transfer Accompanying Partial Redox Conversion of Electroactive Polymer Films under Permselective and Nonpermselective Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:14761-9. [PMID: 16869584 DOI: 10.1021/jp058214w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive thermodynamic model for solvent and salt transfer accompanying a partial redox conversion, i.e., conversion between any two oxidation levels, of an electroactive polymer (EAP) film is presented. We discuss two possible cases, namely, one-phase and two-phase behavior of an EAP film. An expression describing the extent of solvent transfer in these situations is presented. Salt transfer is characterized by the difference in permselectivity indices (Delta R(b,a)) between two oxidation levels of the EAP film. Delta R(b,a) represents the difference in co-ion (salt) exclusion properties of the EAP in the two different oxidation levels. Delta R(b,a) is expressed in terms of the EAP's charge, number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction of an electroactive unit, concentration of the supporting electrolyte, salt partition coefficient between solvent and EAP phases, and salt activity coefficients in both phases. Plots of Delta R(b,a) as a function of the electrolyte concentration allow determining the EAP's phase behavior, ratio of salt partition coefficients, and number of electrons exchanged in the redox process. Delta R(b,a) is an experimentally accessible quantity; it can be obtained from electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments. Delta R(b,a) values can be used as a diagnostic tool to characterize an EAP film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pater
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, New York 12901-2681, USA
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Investigations of nanometric films of doped polyaniline by using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Bergamini JF, Jouini M, Aeiyach S, Chane-Ching KI, Lacroix JC, Tanguy J, Lacaze PC. Electropolymerization of cyclodextrin/4-aminobiphenyl inclusion complex generating water-soluble pseudo-oligorotaxanes in their oxidized state. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Schneider O, Bund A, Ispas A, Borissenko N, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F. An EQCM Study of the Electropolymerization of Benzene in an Ionic Liquid and Ion Exchange Characteristics of the Resulting Polymer Film. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7159-68. [PMID: 16851816 DOI: 10.1021/jp044892r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct electropolymerization of benzene dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate was studied at room temperature applying the electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance technique. Analysis of the damping changes showed that the Sauerbrey equation could be applied for data evaluation. In the polymer, every third to fourth benzene ring carried a positive charge in the oxidized state. During electropolymerization, some ionic liquid was absorbed in the growing polymer. The redox behavior was characterized by wide peaks typical for conducting polymers. Charge neutrality of the polymer during redox cycling was maintained by anion and cation exchange with the ionic liquid. With increasing scan rate, cation exchange became more and more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schneider
- Institut für Metallurgie, Technische Universität Clausthal, Robert-Koch-Str. 42, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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EQCM study of the p- and n-doping processes of a poly[4,4′-bis(butylsulphanyl)-2,2′-bithiophene]. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Niu L, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A. Mixed ion transfer in redox processes of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Widera J, Skompska M, Jackowska K. The influence of anions on formation, electroactivity, stability and morphology of poly(o-methoxyaniline) films—EQCM studies. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Efimov I, Winkels S, Schultze J. EQCM study of electropolymerization and redox cycling of 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Paik W, Yeo IH, Suh H, Kim Y, Song E. Ion transport in conducting polymers doped with electroactive anions examined by EQCM. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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EQCM and in situ conductance studies on the polymerisation and redox features of thiophene co-polymers. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Polymer chain encapsulation followed by a quartz microbalance during electropolymerization of bithiophene-β-cyclodextrin host–guest compounds in aqueous solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Scaboo K, Grover W, Chambers J. Inverse derivative chronopotentiometry/quartz crystal microgravimetry of solid conducting salt films. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Alternation of conducting zone from propagation-control to diffusion-control at polythiophene films by solvent substitution. Electrochim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Bruckenstein S, Hillman AR. Hyphenated Techniques in Dynamic Electrochemistry. 1. Mechanistic Diagnosis for Redox Switching of Electroactive Films Using Nonelectrochemical Population Probes. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9823805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Bruckenstein
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, and Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, England
| | - A. Robert Hillman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, and Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, England
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36
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Gonsalves M, Robert Hillman A. Effect of time scale on redox-driven ion and solvent transfers at nickel hydroxide films in aqueous lithium hydroxide solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Potential-step response of absorption at conducting-to-insulating conversion of polyaniline films for demonstrating the slow relaxation. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)89695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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39
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Skompska M, Hillman A. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of the electrodeposition and subsequent cross-linking of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Aoki K, Cao J. Capacitive-free a.c. impedance of polyaniline films by means of magnetically induced current. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)05063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Hepel M, Dentrone L. Controlled incorporation of heavy metals from aqueous solutions and their electrorelease using composite polypyrrole films. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Maia G, Torresi RM, Ticianelli EA, Nart FC. Charge Compensation Dynamics in the Redox Processes of Polypyrrole-Modified Electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9607780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Maia
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13564-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Roberto M. Torresi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13564-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Edson A. Ticianelli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13564-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Nart
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13564-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil
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43
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Lieder M, Schläpfer CW. The electrochemical properties of an oligomeric viologen film. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(96)04575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Percolation threshold potentials at quasi-static electrochemical switching of polyaniline films. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Pater E, Bruckenstein S, Hillman AR. Theory for solvent and salt transfer accompanying redox switching of electroactive polymers under permselective and non-permselective conditions. Part 1.—Complete redox switching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9969204087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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47
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Tezuka Y, Kimura T, Ishii T, Aoki K. Concentration distribution of conducting species with time resolution in electrochemical undoping process at the polypyrrole-film-coated electrode in the light of electric percolation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Clarke AP, Vos JG, Hillman AR, Glidle A. Overall redox switching characteristics of osmium-containing poly(4-vinylpyridine) films immersed in aqueous p-toluenesulphonic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)03834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance: evidence for the adsorption of heteropoly and isopoly anions on gold electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Coupling between electron and mass transfer kinetics in electroactive polymer films ? An application of the in situ quartz crystal electrode. Prog Polym Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6700(95)00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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