1
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Postma RS, Lefferts L. Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Coke Formation and Product Distribution in Catalytic Coupling of Methane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:6995-7002. [PMID: 38681869 PMCID: PMC11046431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen addition on catalytic nonoxidative coupling of methane at 1000 °C was investigated. Experiments were performed at varying ratios between the catalyst and the postcatalytic volume to discern the effect of hydrogen on the catalytic reaction as well as on the gas-phase reaction. Adding 10% H2 decreases the methane conversion by a factor of 2, almost independent of the ratio between the catalyst and the postcatalytic residence time. The effect on the conversion is mostly determined by gas-phase chemistry. Hydrogen addition has no influence on the C2 hydrocarbon yield, whereas aromatic selectivity is significantly reduced. Changes in selectivity are attributed to changes in methane conversion. Quantitative determination of the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst reveals a decrease by 1 order of magnitude when dosing up to 10% H2, while carbon deposits-downstream of the catalyst bed are suppressed to a much lower extent. These results suggest a process in which the produced hydrogen is partly recycled, maximizing the carbon selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons while minimizing both aromatics and, most crucially, formation of coke on the catalyst as well as further deposits-downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon Lefferts
- Catalytic Processes and Materials
Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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2
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Xu R, Meisner J, Chang AM, Thompson KC, Martínez TJ. First principles reaction discovery: from the Schrodinger equation to experimental prediction for methane pyrolysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7447-7464. [PMID: 37449065 PMCID: PMC10337770 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01202f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent success in exploiting graphical processing units (GPUs) to accelerate quantum chemistry computations led to the development of the ab initio nanoreactor, a computational framework for automatic reaction discovery and kinetic model construction. In this work, we apply the ab initio nanoreactor to methane pyrolysis, from automatic reaction discovery to path refinement and kinetic modeling. Elementary reactions occurring during methane pyrolysis are revealed using GPU-accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, these reaction paths are refined at a higher level of theory with optimized reactant, product, and transition state geometries. Reaction rate coefficients are calculated by transition state theory based on the optimized reaction paths. The discovered reactions lead to a kinetic model with 53 species and 134 reactions, which is validated against experimental data and simulations using literature kinetic models. We highlight the advantage of leveraging local brute force and Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis approaches for efficient identification of important reactions. Both sensitivity approaches can further improve the accuracy of the methane pyrolysis kinetic model. The results in this work demonstrate the power of the ab initio nanoreactor framework for computationally affordable systematic reaction discovery and accurate kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Jan Meisner
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Alexander M Chang
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Keiran C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
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3
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Wang J, Jiang H, Chen Y, Han Y, Cai J, Peng Y, Feng Y. Emission characteristics and influencing mechanisms of PAHs and EC from the combustion of three components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) of biomasses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160359. [PMID: 36423835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elemental carbon (EC), but the formation mechanisms are still unclear. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the three major components of biomass. In this study, the three-components extracted from three typical biomass raw materials were used for laboratory combustion experiments, to investigate the differences in the emission factors and chemical compositions of PAHs and EC. The average emission factors of the 16 kinds of PAHs were showing as lignin (135 ± 180 mg/kg) > cellulose (97.8 ± 124 mg/kg) > hemicellulose (48.9 ± 65.2 mg/kg), and the average emission factors of EC presented in the descending order of cellulose (1.65 ± 3.02 g/kg), lignin (1.30 ± 1.04 g/kg), and hemicellulose (0.450 ± 0.480 g/kg), respectively. The proportion of naphthalene emitted from cellulose and hemicellulose combustion is higher, while fluoranthene and pyrene accounted significantly higher proportion for lignin. Moreover, the influence of ignition temperature and oxygen content on the emission characteristics of PAHs and EC were also discussed. The influence of ignition temperature on the emission of EC and PAHs is more significant compared to oxygen content, because it obviously promoted the PAHs and EC formations through resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reaction (RSR) pathway. However, correlation analysis combined with cluster analysis showed that the RSR-pathway probably had different effects on PAH growth for the three-components, as the indene-involved RSR-pathway were mainly related to 4-6 ring PAHs for cellulose and lignin (except fluoranthene and pyrene), but 2-4 ring PAHs for hemicellulose. We also found that the fitted results according to the proportion of three-components were significantly higher than the measured values of raw materials for indene, medium-molecular-weight PAHs, and soot-EC. These results presented the different formation pathways for medium-molecular-weight PAHs and the two EC components emitted by biomass combustion, which are worthy of further studies in exploring the generation mechanisms of PAHs and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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4
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Kumar U, Pushpavanam S. The effect of subdiffusion on the stability of autocatalytic systems. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Angikath F, Pezzella G, Sarathy SM. Bubble-Size Distribution and Hydrogen Evolution from Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Simulated Ni 0.27Bi 0.73 Column Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiyan Angikath
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Pezzella
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Palmer C, Gordon MJ, Metiu H, McFarland EW. Influence of hydrocarbon feed additives on the high-temperature pyrolysis of methane in molten salt bubble column reactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molten salts are excellent heat transfer fluids and a potential reaction environment for methane pyrolysis in which solid carbon can be continuously produced and separated from the liquid phase. Significant...
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7
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Postma RS, Lefferts L. Effect of ethane and ethylene on catalytic non oxidative coupling of methane. REACT CHEM ENG 2021; 6:2425-2433. [PMID: 34912568 PMCID: PMC8612220 DOI: 10.1039/d1re00261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of addition of ethane and ethylene (C2) on methane coupling at 1000 °C was investigated. A Fe/SiO2 catalyst was used to determine the contributions of catalytic as well as C2 initiated methane activation. The catalyst load as well as the residence times at 1000 °C downstream of the catalyst bed were varied. C2 addition significantly increases methane conversion rates, similarly for both ethane and ethylene, although ethylene is more effective when operating with long residence times in the post-catalytic volume. Methane activation via C2 addition proceeds dominantly in the gas-phase whereas catalytic C2 activation is negligible. The catalyst has no effect on methane conversion when the feed contains more than 2 vol% C2. Product selectivity distribution as well as total hydrocarbon yield at 10% conversion is not influenced by C2 addition, but is influenced by the amount of catalyst as well as residence time in the post-catalytic volume at high temperature. It is proposed that C2 impurities in natural gas change from a nuisance to an advantage by enhancing methane conversion and simplifying purification of the natural gas feed. A process is proposed in which ethylene is recycled back into the reactor to initiate methane coupling, leading to a process converting methane to aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf S Postma
- Catalytic Processes and Materials Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede 7500 AE Netherlands
| | - Leon Lefferts
- Catalytic Processes and Materials Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede 7500 AE Netherlands
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8
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Puente‐Urbina A, Pan Z, Paunović V, Šot P, Hemberger P, van Bokhoven JA. Direct Evidence on the Mechanism of Methane Conversion under Non-oxidative Conditions over Iron-modified Silica: The Role of Propargyl Radicals Unveiled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24002-24007. [PMID: 34459534 PMCID: PMC8596584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated gas-phase reactions play an important role in the conversion of methane under non-oxidative conditions into olefins and aromatics over iron-modified silica catalysts. Herein, we use operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy to disentangle the elusive C2+ radical intermediates participating in the complex gas-phase reaction network. Our experiments pinpoint different C2 -C5 radical species that allow for a stepwise growth of the hydrocarbon chains. Propargyl radicals (H2 C-C≡C-H) are identified as essential precursors for the formation of aromatics, which then contribute to the formation of heavier hydrocarbon products via hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition routes (HACA mechanism). These results provide comprehensive mechanistic insights that are relevant for the development of methane valorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Puente‐Urbina
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and FemtochemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Vladimir Paunović
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Petr Šot
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and FemtochemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
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9
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Puente‐Urbina A, Pan Z, Paunović V, Šot P, Hemberger P, Bokhoven JA. Direct Evidence on the Mechanism of Methane Conversion under Non‐oxidative Conditions over Iron‐modified Silica: The Role of Propargyl Radicals Unveiled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Puente‐Urbina
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Paunović
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Petr Šot
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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10
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Postma RS, Lefferts L. Influence of Axial Temperature Profiles on Fe/SiO
2
Catalyzed Non‐oxidative Coupling of Methane. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf S. Postma
- Catalytic Processes and Materials group Faculty of Science and Technology MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede 7500 AE Netherlands
| | - Leon Lefferts
- Catalytic Processes and Materials group Faculty of Science and Technology MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede 7500 AE Netherlands
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11
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Wu F, Ben H, Yang Y, Jia H, Wang R, Han G. Effects of Different Conditions on Co-Pyrolysis Behavior of Corn Stover and Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040973. [PMID: 32331357 PMCID: PMC7240512 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis behavior of corn stover and polypropylene during co-pyrolysis was studied using a tube furnace reactor. The effects of mixing ratio of corn stover and polypropylene, pyrolysis temperature, addition amount of catalyst (HZSM-5) and reaction atmosphere (N2 and CO2) on the properties of pyrolysis products were studied. The results showed that co-pyrolysis of corn stover and polypropylene can increase the yield of pyrolysis oil. When corn stover:polypropylene = 1:3, the yield of pyrolysis oil was as high as 52.1%, which was 4.5% higher than the theoretical value. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the yield of pyrolysis oil increased first and then decreased, and reached the optimal yield at 550 °C. The addition of catalyst (HZSM-5) reduced the proportion of oxygenates and promoted the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons. CO2 has a certain oxidation effect on the components of pyrolysis oil, which promoted the increase of oxygen-containing aromatics and the reduction of deoxy-aromatic hydrocarbons. This study identified the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of plastic and biomass energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Haoxi Ben
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-5107-5775
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Hang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Guangting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
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12
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Chi Y, Liao L, Yu Q, Zhao C, Fan G. Kinetics and mechanism of decomposition induced by solvent evolution in ICM-101 solvates: solvent-evolution-induced low-temperature decomposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3563-3569. [PMID: 31995049 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[2,2'-Bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5'-dinitramide (ICM-101), a high-energy-density material, was reported in recent years. ICM-101 is the first energetic material with the 2,2'-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) structure as the main ring structure. The molecular structure of ICM-101 shows excellent planar characteristics, providing a new option for the design of high-energy-density materials. However, during crystal preparation, ICM-101 easily interacts with solvents and forms the corresponding solvates. Interestingly, during thermal decomposition, when the solvent escapes from ICM-101 solvates, it induces the decomposition of ICM-101. In this study, the decomposition of ICM-101 induced by solvent evolution was evaluated in detail, and the decomposition kinetic equation was established. The mechanism of solvent-evolution-induced decomposition in ICM-101 solvates was further studied, and it was found that solvent evolution might produce defects in the crystals of ICM-101 solvates, and induce the decomposition of ICM-101 on the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chi
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), PO Box 919-327, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ogihara H, Tajima H, Kurokawa H. Pyrolysis of mixtures of methane and ethane: activation of methane with the aid of radicals generated from ethane. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inert CH4 molecules can be activated and incorporated into pyrolysis products with the aid of radicals generated by pyrolysis of C2H6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ogihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama 338-8570
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama 338-8570
- Japan
| | - Hideki Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama 338-8570
- Japan
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14
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Pratali Maffei L, Pelucchi M, Faravelli T, Cavallotti C. Theoretical study of sensitive reactions in phenol decomposition. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phenol is of utmost importance in combustion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Pratali Maffei
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Matteo Pelucchi
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Tiziano Faravelli
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
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15
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Influence of ethylene and acetylene on the rate and reversibility of methane dehydroaromatization on Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalysts. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Oh SC, Schulman E, Zhang J, Fan J, Pan Y, Meng J, Liu D. Direct Non-Oxidative Methane Conversion in a Millisecond Catalytic Wall Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7083-7086. [PMID: 30887653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct non-oxidative methane conversion (DNMC) has been recognized as a single-step technology that directly converts methane into olefins and higher hydrocarbons. High reaction temperature and low catalyst durability, resulting from the endothermic reaction and coke deposition, are two main challenges. We show that a millisecond catalytic wall reactor enables stable methane conversion, C2+ selectivity, coke yield, and long-term durability. These effects originate from initiation of the DNMC on a reactor wall and maintenance of the reaction by gas-phase chemistry within the reactor compartment. The results obtained under various temperatures and gas flow rates form a basis for optimizing the process towards lighter C2 or heavier aromatic products. A process simulation was done by Aspen Plus to understand the practical implications of this reactor in DNMC. High carbon and thermal efficiencies and low cost of the reactor materials are realized, indicating the technoeconomic viability of this DNMC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Cheun Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Emily Schulman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jiufeng Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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17
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Oh SC, Schulman E, Zhang J, Fan J, Pan Y, Meng J, Liu D. Direct Non‐Oxidative Methane Conversion in a Millisecond Catalytic Wall Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Cheun Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Emily Schulman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jiufeng Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China
| | - Dongxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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18
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19
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Van Geem K. Kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis chemistry of fossil and alternative feedstocks. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64087-1.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mebel AM, Landera A, Kaiser RI. Formation Mechanisms of Naphthalene and Indene: From the Interstellar Medium to Combustion Flames. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:901-926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Mebel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander Landera
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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21
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Bouwman J, Bodi A, Oomens J, Hemberger P. On the formation of cyclopentadiene in the C3H5˙ + C2H2 reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:20508-14. [PMID: 26086435 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the allyl radical (C3H5˙) and acetylene (C2H2) in a heated microtubular reactor has been studied at the VUV beamline of the Swiss Light Source. The reaction products are sampled from the reactor and identified by their photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra (ms-TPES) by means of imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Cyclopentadiene is identified as the sole reaction product by comparison of the measured photoelectron spectrum with that of cyclopentadiene. With the help of quantum-chemical computations of the C5H7 potential energy surface, the C2H2 + C3H5˙ association reaction is confirmed to be the rate determining step, after which H-elimination to form C5H6 is prompt in the absence of re-thermalization at low pressures. The formation of cyclopentadiene as the sole product from the allyl + acetylene reaction offers a direct path to the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons under combustion relevant conditions. Subsequent reactions of cyclopentadiene may lead to the formation of the smallest polycyclic aromatic molecule, naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Bouwman
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Buras ZJ, Dames EE, Merchant SS, Liu G, Elsamra RMI, Green WH. Kinetics and Products of Vinyl + 1,3-Butadiene, a Potential Route to Benzene. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7325-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Buras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Enoch E. Dames
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shamel S. Merchant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rehab M. I. Elsamra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - William H. Green
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Knyazev VD, Popov KV. Kinetics of the Self Reaction of Cyclopentadienyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7418-29. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Knyazev
- Research Center for Chemical
Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, United States
| | - Konstantin V. Popov
- Research Center for Chemical
Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, United States
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24
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Ojha DK, Vinu R. Fast co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polypropylene using Py-GC/MS and Py-FT-IR. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work features the production of C8–C20 long chain alcohols and hydrocarbons via fast co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polypropylene. Decrease in pyrolysis time and increase in H/O ratio and HHV of bio-oil are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Ojha
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - R. Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
- National Center for Combustion Research and Development
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25
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Wang K, Villano SM, Dean AM. Reactions of allylic radicals that impact molecular weight growth kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6255-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of allylic radicals have the potential to play a critical role in molecular weight growth (MWG) kinetics during hydrocarbon oxidation and/or pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | | | - Anthony M. Dean
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
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27
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Kousoku A, Norinaga K, Miura K. Extended Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model for Benzene Pyrolysis with New Reaction Pathways Including Oligomer Formation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4044218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kousoku
- Mitsubishi Chemicals,
Co. Ltd, 3-10 Ushiodori, Kurashiki 712-8054, Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Kahle LCS, Roussière T, Maier L, Herrera Delgado K, Wasserschaff G, Schunk SA, Deutschmann O. Methane Dry Reforming at High Temperature and Elevated Pressure: Impact of Gas-Phase Reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401048w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Roussière
- hte Aktiengesellschaft, Kurpfalzring 104,
D-69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan A. Schunk
- hte Aktiengesellschaft, Kurpfalzring 104,
D-69123 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Eßmann C, Weis F, Seipenbusch M, Schimmel T, Deutschmann O. Coke Formation in Steam Reforming of Natural Gas over Rhodium/Alumina Catalysts: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study using the Oscillating Friction Mode. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The initial stage of coke formation in steam reforming of natural gas over rhodium/alumina catalysts was studied microscopically. A well-defined model catalyst prepared by an aerosol technique was placed in a flow reactor to very mildly coke the catalyst sample. Therefore, a natural gas–steam mixture at steam-to-carbon ratios of unity was fed to the reactor operated for thirty minutes at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures of 650 ºC. Fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by SEM-EDX and a recently developed AFM technique, the Oscillating Friction Microscopy (OFM), to analyze the friction characteristics of the sample. OFM combined with SEM-EDX allowed to distinguish between coke depositions, alumina support (Al2O3), and Rh particles and to locate the initial carbon deposition in the process. It was found that coke formation starts on the catalyst particle. The carbonaceous overlayer can be removed from the catalyst and the closely surrounding support by multiples scans with the AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eßmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chem, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Frederik Weis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Me, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Martin Seipenbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Me, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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31
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Reinisch G, Vignoles GL, Leyssale JM. Reaction Mechanism for the Thermal Decomposition of BCl 3/CH 4/H 2 Gas Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11579-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2039114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Reinisch
- Laboratoire des Composites ThermoStructuraux, UMR 5801, CNRS, 3 Allée de La Boëtie, 33600 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire des Composites ThermoStructuraux, UMR 5801, University Bordeaux, 3 Allée de La Boëtie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gérard L. Vignoles
- Laboratoire des Composites ThermoStructuraux, UMR 5801, University Bordeaux, 3 Allée de La Boëtie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Marc Leyssale
- Laboratoire des Composites ThermoStructuraux, UMR 5801, CNRS, 3 Allée de La Boëtie, 33600 Pessac, France
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32
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Comandini A, Brezinsky K. Theoretical study of the formation of naphthalene from the radical/π-bond addition between single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5547-59. [PMID: 21557589 DOI: 10.1021/jp200201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The experimental investigations performed in the 1960s on the o-benzyne + benzene reaction as well as the more recent studies on reactions involving π-electrons highlight the importance of π-bonding for different combustion processes related to PAH's and soot formation. In the present investigation radical/π-bond addition reactions between single-ring aromatic compounds have been proposed and computationally investigated as possible pathways for the formation of two-ring fused compounds, such as naphthalene, which serve as precursors to soot formation. The computationally generated optimized structures for the stationary points were obtained with uB3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) calculations, while the energies of the optimized complexes were refined using the uCCSD(T) method and the cc-pVDZ basis set. The computations have addressed the relevance of a number of radical/π-bond addition reactions including the singlet benzene + o-benzyne reaction, which leads to formation of naphthalene and acetylene through fragmentation of the benzobicyclo[2,2,2]octatriene intermediate. For this reaction, the high-pressure limit rate constants for the individual elementary reactions involved in the overall process were evaluated using transition state theory analysis. Other radical/π-bond addition reactions studied were between benzene and triplet o-benzyne, between benzene and phenyl radical, and between phenyl radicals, for all of which potential energy surfaces were produced. On the basis of the results of these reaction studies, it was found necessary to propose and subsequently confirm additional, alternative pathways for the formation of the types of PAH compounds found in combustion systems. The potential energy surface for one reaction in particular, the phenyl + phenyl addition, is shown to contain a low-energy channel leading to formation of naphthalene that is energetically comparable to the other examined conventional pathways leading to formation of biphenyl compounds. This channel is the first evidence of a reaction which involves an aromatic radical adding to the nonradical π-bond site of another aromatic radical which leads directly to a fused ring structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Comandini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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33
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Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. The reactivity of ground-state carbon atoms with unsaturated hydrocarbons in combustion flames and in the interstellar medium. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350210136602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Scheer AM, Mukarakate C, Robichaud DJ, Ellison GB, Nimlos MR. Radical Chemistry in the Thermal Decomposition of Anisole and Deuterated Anisoles: An Investigation of Aromatic Growth. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9043-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102046p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Scheer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Calvin Mukarakate
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
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35
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Norinaga K, Yatabe H, Matsuoka M, Hayashi JI. Application of an Existing Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model to a Practical System of Hot Coke Oven Gas Reforming by Noncatalytic Partial Oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100506v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Norinaga
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Coal Gasification System Center, Kure Division, Babcock-Hitachi K.K., Kure 737-8508, Japan, and R&D Center, Nippon Coke & Engineering Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatabe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Coal Gasification System Center, Kure Division, Babcock-Hitachi K.K., Kure 737-8508, Japan, and R&D Center, Nippon Coke & Engineering Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsuoka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Coal Gasification System Center, Kure Division, Babcock-Hitachi K.K., Kure 737-8508, Japan, and R&D Center, Nippon Coke & Engineering Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Coal Gasification System Center, Kure Division, Babcock-Hitachi K.K., Kure 737-8508, Japan, and R&D Center, Nippon Coke & Engineering Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan
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36
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Chapter 7 Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(09)02807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Detilleux V, Vandooren J. Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Evidences of a C7H6 Pathway in a Rich Toluene Flame. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10913-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Detilleux
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de la Combustion, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. Vandooren
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de la Combustion, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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38
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Reilly NJ, Nakajima M, Troy TP, Chalyavi N, Duncan KA, Nauta K, Kable SH, Schmidt TW. Spectroscopic Identification of the Resonance-Stabilized cis- and trans-1-Vinylpropargyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13423-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Reilly
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Tyler P. Troy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nahid Chalyavi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kieran A. Duncan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Klaas Nauta
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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39
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Ohashi F, Chen GY, Stolojan V, Silva SRP. The role of the gas species on the formation of carbon nanotubes during thermal chemical vapour deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:445605. [PMID: 21832737 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the several roles that hydrogen plays in the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes from the point of view of gas species, catalyst activation and subsequent interaction with the carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibres were grown by thermal chemical vapour deposition, using methane and a mixture of hydrogen and helium, for a range of growth temperatures and pre-treatment procedures. Long, straight carbon nanotubes were obtained at 900 °C, and although the growth yield increases with the growth temperature, the growth shifts from nanotubes to nanofibres. By introducing a helium purge as part of the pre-treatment procedure, we change the gas chemistry by altering the hydrogen concentration in the initial reaction stage. This simple change in the process resulted in a clear difference in the yield and the structure of the carbon nanofibres produced. We find that the hydrogen concentration in the initial reaction stage significantly affects the morphology of carbon fibres. Although hydrogen keeps the catalyst activated and increases the yield, it prevents the formation of graphitic nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ohashi
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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40
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Norinaga K, Janardhanan VM, Deutschmann O. Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of pyrolysis of ethylene, acetylene, and propylene at 1073-1373 K with a plug-flow reactor model. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Norinaga K, Deutschmann O. Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Gas-Phase Reactions in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon from Light Hydrocarbons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061207p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Norinaga
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Engesserstrasse 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Engesserstrasse 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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42
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Harding LB, Klippenstein SJ, Georgievskii Y. On the Combination Reactions of Hydrogen Atoms with Resonance-Stabilized Hydrocarbon Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3789-801. [PMID: 17388384 DOI: 10.1021/jp0682309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Procedures for accurately predicting the kinetics of H atom associations with resonance stabilized hydrocarbon radicals are described and applied to a series of reactions. The approach is based on direct CASPT2/cc-pvdz evaluations of the orientation dependent interaction energies within variable reaction coordinate transition state theory. One-dimensional corrections to the interaction energies are estimated from a CASPT2/aug-cc-pvdz minimum energy path (MEP) on the specific reaction of interest and a CASPT2/aug-cc-pvtz MEP for the H + CH3 reaction. A dynamical correction factor of 0.9 is also applied. For the H + propargyl, allyl, cyclopentadienyl, and benzyl reactions, where the experimental values appear to be quite well determined, theory and experiment agree to within their error bars. Predictions are also made for the combinations with triplet propargylene, CH2CCCH, CH3CCCH2, CH2CHCCH2, CH3CHCCH, cyclic-C4H5, CH2CCCCH, and CHCCHCCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence B Harding
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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43
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Jungen A, Stampfer C, Durrer L, Helbling T, Hierold C. Amorphous carbon contamination monitoring and process optimization for single-walled carbon nanotube integration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:075603. [PMID: 21730505 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/7/075603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We detail the monitoring of amorphous carbon deposition during thermal chemical vapour deposition of carbon nanotubes and propose a contamination-less process to integrate high-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes into micro-electromechanical systems. The amorphous content is evaluated by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and by scanning/transmission electron microscopy. We show how properly chosen process parameters can lead to successful integration of single-walled nanotubes, enabling nano-electromechanical system synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jungen
- Micro and Nanosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Wei C, Rogers WJ, Mannan MS. Application of runaway reaction mechanism generation to predict and control reactive hazards. Comput Chem Eng 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Androulakis IP, Reyes SC. Role of distributed oxygen addition and product removal in the oxidative coupling of methane. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690450417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Androulakis IP, Grenda JM, Bozzelli JW. Time-integrated pointers for enabling the analysis of detailed reaction mechanisms. AIChE J 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Janoschek R, Rossi MJ. Thermochemical properties from G3MP2B3 calculations, Set-2: Free radicals with special consideration of CH2?CH?C??CH2, cyclo??C5H5,?CH2OOH, HO??CO, and HC(O)O? INT J CHEM KINET 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Durán A, Carmona M, Monteagudo JM. Modelling soot and SOF emissions from a diesel engine. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 56:209-225. [PMID: 15172594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of soot and SOF emissions from a typical European turbocharged diesel engine has been made. The model consists of a detailed kinetic mechanism with 472 reactions (120 chemical species) and data from the thermodynamic diagnostic procedure of the combustion process of the engine. The forward kinetic constants were obtained from literature and the background constants from a self-developed non-linear fitting routine based on the Marquardt algorithm. The dilution and mixing processes inside the engine are represented by a simple Wiebe function. The system of ordinary differential equations is solved with the Rosenbrock method for rigid systems and using the interpolating Lagrange polynomials to calculate the heat capacity of each species at the corresponding temperature. The kinetic model has been implemented in Digital Visual Fortran 6.0. The model has been executed for five different fuels and three mixtures of biodiesel and reference diesel operating under three diverse conditions from the European transient urban/extraurban Certification Cycle and the results of soot and SOF predicted are compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Durán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Savinov SY, Lee H, Song HK, Na BK. A kinetic study on the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons in a radio-frequency discharge. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wong BM, Matheu DM, Green WH. Temperature and Molecular Size Dependence of the High-Pressure Limit. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David M. Matheu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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