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Giri N, Mahapatra S. Optimal control of photodissociation of phenol using genetic algorithm. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of the OH bond of phenol is studied with an optimally shaped laser pulse. The theoretical model consists of three electronic states (the ground electronic state, ππ* state, and πσ* state) in two nuclear coordinates (the OH stretching coordinate as a reaction coordinate, r, and the CCOH dihedral angle as a coupling coordinate, θ). The optimal UV laser pulse is designed using the genetic algorithm, which optimizes the total dissociative flux of the wave packet. The latter is calculated in the adiabatic asymptotes of the S0 and S1 electronic states of phenol. The initial state corresponds to the vibrational levels of the electronic ground state and is defined as | n r, n θ⟩, where n r and n θ represent the number of nodes along r and θ, respectively. The optimal UV field excites the system to the optically dark πσ* state predominantly over the optically bright ππ* state with the intensity borrowing effect for the |0, 0⟩ and |0, 1⟩ initial states. For the |0, 0⟩ initial condition, the photodissociation to the S1 asymptotic channel is favored slightly over the S0 asymptotic channel. Addition of one quantum of energy along the coupling coordinate increases the dissociation probability in the S1 channel. This is because the wave packet spreads along the coupling coordinate on the πσ* state and follows the adiabatic path. Hence, the S1 asymptotic channel gets more ([Formula: see text]11%) dissociative flux as compared to the S0 asymptotic channel for the |0, 1⟩ initial condition. The |1, 0⟩ and |1, 1⟩ states are initially excited to both the ππ* and πσ* states in the presence of the optimal UV pulse. For these initial conditions, the S1 channel gets more dissociative flux as compared to the S0 channel. This is because the high energy components of the wave packet readily reach the S1 channel. The central frequency of the optimal UV pulse for the |0, 0⟩ and |0, 1⟩ initial states has a higher value as compared to the |1, 0⟩ and |1, 1⟩ initial states. This is explained with the help of an excitation mechanism of a given initial state in relation to its energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Giri
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - S. Mahapatra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Rajak K, Ghosh A, Mahapatra S. Photophysics of phenol and pentafluorophenol: The role of nonadiabaticity in the optical transition to the lowest bright 1ππ* state. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5015986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karunamoy Rajak
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S. Mahapatra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Karmakar S, Mukhopadhyay DP, Chakraborty T. Electronic spectra and excited state dynamics of pentafluorophenol: Effects of low-lying πσ∗ states. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:184303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shreetama Karmakar
- Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deb Pratim Mukhopadhyay
- Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Liu X, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Photoinduced Oxidation of Water in the Pyridine–Water Complex: Comparison of the Singlet and Triplet Photochemistries. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7788-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505188y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Institute of Optoelectronic
Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Chen X, Larsen DS, Bradforth SE, van Stokkum IHM. Broadband Spectral Probing Revealing Ultrafast Photochemical Branching after Ultraviolet Excitation of the Aqueous Phenolate Anion. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3807-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Richard C, Krajnik P, Grabner G. Photolysis of 4-chlororesorcinol in water: competitive formation of a singlet ketene and a triplet carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14322-9. [PMID: 20859579 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00756k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on photoinduced reactions of halogenated phenols is of interest for environmental photochemistry and for synthetic organic chemistry. Previous studies have uncovered interesting mechanistic features, including ring contraction from benzene to cyclopentadiene from ortho derivatives and two-electron processes forming carbocations and carbenes from para derivatives. In the present work, we studied the aqueous photochemistry of 4-chlororesorcinol (1), which combines the conformational properties of both types of derivatives, using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and photoproduct analysis. The absorption spectra obtained upon pulsed laser excitation of 1 showed the occurrence of both o-Cl and p-Cl elimination, the first observed transients being the ketene 3-hydroxy-6-fulvenone (2, λ(max) = 255 nm) and the carbene 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (3, λ(max) = 405 and 395 nm). The reactivities of 2 and 3, the spectra of the secondary transients and the analysis of the final products showed that the two HCl elimination pathways take place concurrently. Most probably, the bifurcation step is the competition between intersystem crossing on the molecular level and o-Cl elimination on the singlet surface; p-Cl elimination proceeds on the triplet surface. Remarkably, the quantum yield of p-Cl elimination from 1 is lower by one order of magnitude compared to that found in para-halogenated phenols, while that of o-Cl elimination from 1 is comparable to ortho-halogenated phenol. To explain this result, we propose that o-Cl elimination is the major deactivation step, forming an intermediate singlet cation which is able to recombine to ground state 1, thereby limiting the observed photochemical quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Richard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire (LPMM), BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Kaneko S, Yotoriyama S, Koda H, Tobita S. Excited-state proton transfer to solvent from phenol and cyanophenols in water. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3021-8. [PMID: 19265389 DOI: 10.1021/jp8086489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) to solvent from phenol (PhOH) and cyanophenols (CNOHs) in water was studied by means of time-resolved fluorescence and photoacoustic spectroscopy. A characteristic property of PhOH and CNOHs is that the fluorescence quantum yields of the deprotonated forms are remarkably small (< or = 10(-3)) and the lifetimes are extremely short (< or = 30 ps). Time-resolved fluorescence measurements for PhOH, CNOHs, and their methoxy analogues at 298 K indicate that o- and m-cyanophenols (o- and m-CNOH) undergo rapid ESPT to the solvent water with rate constants of 6.6 x 10(10) and 2.6 x 10(10) s(-1), respectively, whereas the fluorescence properties of PhOH and p-CNOH does not exhibit clear evidence of the ESPT reaction. Photoacoustic measurements show that photoexcitation of o- and m-CNOH in water results in negative volume changes, supporting the occurrence of ESPT to produce a geminate ion pair. In contrast, the volume contractions for the PhOH and p-CNOH solutions are negligibly small, which indicates that, in these compounds, the yields of solvent-separated ion pairs resulting from the ESPT are very small. The volume change per absorbed Einstein (DeltaV(r)) for o-CNOH is obtained to be -5.0 mL Einstein(-1), which is much smaller than the estimated volume contraction per photoconverted mole (DeltaV(R)). This suggests that the geminate recombination between the ejected proton and the cyanophenolate anion occurs after rapid deactivation of the excited ion pair. In the temperature range between 275 and 323 K, the proton dissociation rates of o- and m-CNOH in H(2)O and D(2)O are slower than the solvent relaxation rates evaluated from the Debye dielectric relaxation time, indicating that the overall rate constant is determined mainly by the proton motion along the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Carrera A, Nielsen IB, Carçabal P, Dedonder C, Broquier M, Jouvet C, Domcke W, Sobolewski AL. Biradicalic excited states of zwitterionic phenol-ammonia clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:024302. [PMID: 19154023 DOI: 10.1063/1.3054292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-ammonia clusters with more than five ammonia molecules are proton transferred species in the ground state. In the present work, the excited states of these zwitterionic clusters have been studied experimentally with two-color pump probe methods on the nanosecond time scale and by ab initio electronic-structure calculations. The experiments reveal the existence of a long-lived excited electronic state with a lifetime in the 50-100 ns range, much longer than the excited state lifetime of bare phenol and small clusters of phenol with ammonia. The ab initio calculations indicate that this long-lived excited state corresponds to a biradicalic system, consisting of a phenoxy radical that is hydrogen bonded to a hydrogenated ammonia cluster. The biradical is formed from the locally excited state of the phenolate anion via an electron transfer process, which neutralizes the charge separation of the ground state zwitterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrera
- University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 3er piso, Pab. II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pál K, Kállay M, Köhler G, Zhang H, Bitter I, Kubinyi M, Vidóczy T, Grabner G. Efficient singlet-state deactivation of cyano-substituted indolines in protic solvents via CN--HO hydrogen bonds. Chemphyschem 2008; 8:2627-35. [PMID: 18058777 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of indoline (I) and three of its derivatives, namely, N-methylindoline (MI), 5-cyanoindoline (CI), and 5-cyano-N-methylindoline (CMI), are studied in H-donating solvents of varying polarity. Based on measurements of fluorescence yield and lifetime, and of triplet yield and hydrated-electron formation, two distinct mechanisms of solvent-induced fluorescence quenching are evidenced. The first mechanism involves the cyano substituent and leads to an increase in the rate constant of internal conversion of one order of magnitude in ethanolic solution and of more than two orders of magnitude in water, as compared to solutions in n-hexane or acetonitrile. A similar trend had previously been observed in the case of 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN). The second mechanism reduces the fluorescence lifetimes of the non-cyanated derivatives in aqueous solution by one order of magnitude and is related to the formation of hydrated electrons. Neither of these mechanisms is influenced by methylation at the ring nitrogen. Quantum chemical calculations are performed on the ground and excited states of the hydrogen-bonded complexes between protic solvents and MI as well as CMI. Stable hydrogen-bonded configurations involving the CN substituent and a solvent OH group are found; these configurations are stable both in the ground and the first excited singlet states, whereas the corresponding complex at the ring amino nitrogen is stable in the ground state only. The CN--HO configuration is therefore a prime candidate for a mechanistic explanation of the observed quenching by the first mechanism. These findings may have useful applications for the design of fluorescence probes for water in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Pál
- Vidóczy, Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
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Creed D. THE PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NEAR-UV ABSORBING AMINO ACIDS-II. TYROSINE AND ITS SIMPLE DERIVATIVES. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagano Y, Liu JG, Naruta Y, Ikoma T, Tero-Kubota S, Kitagawa T. Characterization of the phenoxyl radical in model complexes for the Cu(B) site of cytochrome c oxidase: steady-state and transient absorption measurements, UV resonance raman spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations for M-BIAIP. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:14560-70. [PMID: 17090040 DOI: 10.1021/ja061507y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of the covalently cross-linked tyrosine-histidine-Cu(B) (Tyr-His-Cu(B)) unit, which is a minimal model complex [M(II)-BIAIPBr]Br (M = Cu(II), Zn(II)) for the Cu(B) site of cytochrome c oxidase, were investigated with steady-state and transient absorption measurements, UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, X-band continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The pH dependency of the absorption spectra reveals that the pK(a) of the phenolic hydroxyl is ca. 10 for the Cu(II) model complex (Cu(II)-BIAIP) in the ground state, which is similar to that of p-cresol (tyrosine), contrary to expectations. The bond between Cu(II) and nitrogen of cross-linked imidazole cleaves at pH 4.9. We have successfully obtained UVRR spectra of the phenoxyl radical form of BIAIPs and have assigned bands based on the previously reported isotope shifts of Im-Ph (2-(1-imidazoyl)-4-methylphenol) (Aki, M.; Ogura, T.; Naruta, Y.; Le, T. H.; Sato, T.; Kitagawa, T. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 3436-3444) in combination with DFT calculations. The upshifts of the phenoxyl vibrational frequencies for 8a (C-C stretching), 7a' (C-O stretching), and 19a, and the Raman-intensity enhancements of 19b, 8b, and 14 modes indicate that UVRR spectra are highly sensitive to imidazole-phenol covalent linkage. Both transient absorption measurements and EPR spectra suggest that the Tyr-His-Cu(B) unit has only a minor effect on the electronic structure of the phenoxyl radical form, although our experimental results appear to indicate that the cross-linked Tyr radical exhibits no EPR. The role of the Tyr-His-Cu(B) unit in the enzyme is discussed in terms of the obtained spectroscopic parameters of the model complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Nagano
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Matykiewiczová N, Kurková R, Klánová J, Klán P. Photochemically induced nitration and hydroxylation of organic aromatic compounds in the presence of nitrate or nitrite in ice. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Lan Z, Domcke W, Vallet V, Sobolewski AL, Mahapatra S. Time-dependent quantum wave-packet description of the π1σ* photochemistry of phenol. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:224315. [PMID: 15974676 DOI: 10.1063/1.1906218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced hydrogen elimination reaction in phenol via the conical intersections of the dissociative 1pi sigma* state with the 1pi pi* state and the electronic ground state has been investigated by time-dependent quantum wave-packet calculations. A model including three intersecting electronic potential-energy surfaces (S0, 1pi sigma*, and 1pi pi*) and two nuclear degrees of freedom (OH stretching and OH torsion) has been constructed on the basis of accurate ab initio multireference electronic-structure data. The electronic population transfer processes at the conical intersections, the branching ratio between the two dissociation channels, and their dependence on the initial vibrational levels have been investigated by photoexciting phenol from different vibrational levels of its ground electronic state. The nonadiabatic transitions between the excited states and the ground state occur on a time scale of a few tens of femtoseconds if the 1pi pi*-1pi sigma* conical intersection is directly accessible, which requires the excitation of at least one quantum of the OH stretching mode in the 1pi pi* state. It is shown that the node structure, which is imposed on the nuclear wave packet by the initial preparation as well as by the transition through the first conical intersection (1pi pi*-1pi sigma*), has a profound effect on the nonadiabatic dynamics at the second conical intersection (1pi sigma*-S0). These findings suggest that laser control of the photodissociation of phenol via IR mode-specific excitation of vibrational levels in the electronic ground state should be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching D-85747, Germany.
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Ichino T, Fessenden RW. Energy Requirements for Inverted CIDEP in Reactions between eaq- or Radical Anions and Phenoxyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030153j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Ichino
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Richard W. Fessenden
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Hermann R, Mahalaxmi GR, Jochum T, Naumov S, Brede O. Balance of the Deactivation Channels of the First Excited Singlet State of Phenols: Effect of Alkyl Substitution, Sterical Hindrance, and Solvent Polarity. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013976m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hermann
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G. R. Mahalaxmi
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. Jochum
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Naumov
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
| | - O. Brede
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
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Bussandri A, van Willigen H. Photoionization of Phenolates and Scavenging of Hydrated Electrons by No3-: A Study of the Reaction Mechanism by FT-EPR. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0036590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bussandri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Hans van Willigen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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Schick CP, Carpenter SD, Weber PM. Femtosecond Multiphoton Ionization Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the S2 State of Phenol. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992065y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn P. Schick
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Scott D. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Solntsev KM, Huppert D, Agmon N. Photochemistry of “Super”-Photoacids. Solvent Effects. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9902295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyril M. Solntsev
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Agmon
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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The aqueous photochemistry of 2,6-dimethylphenol. Evidence for the fragmentation of the α C-C bond. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Electron paramagnetic spin trapping detection of free radicals generated in direct photolysis of 4-bromophenol in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(93)80029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping detection of short-lived radical intermediates in the direct photolysis of 4-chlorophenol in aerated aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(91)87022-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Köhler G, Solar S, Getoff N, Holzwarth A, Schaffner K. Relationship between the quantum yields of electron photoejection and fluorescence of aromatic carboxylate anions in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(85)85040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Vonach W, Getoff N. Formation of eaq− from excited thionine and methylene blue in aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(83)80063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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