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Umanzor A, Garcia NA, Roberts CC. Ligand-Controlled Regioinduction in a PHOX-Ni Aryne Complex. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:97-101. [PMID: 38344017 PMCID: PMC10853916 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands have been used to control the regio- and enantioselectivity in a wide variety of metal-catalyzed reactions. Despite their widespread use, PHOX ligands have never been studied in metal-aryne complexes. Herein we report the first example of a PHOX-Ni aryne complex. As demonstrated in other systems, the differentiated P versus N donors and different steric environments of the unsymmetric ligand are able to induce regiocontrol. A 81:19 mixture of o-methoxy substituted aryne complexes is observed. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to gain further insight into the molecular and electronic structure of these complexes. Lastly, a methylation/deuteration sequence shows retention of the PHOX ligand-induced regiocontrol in the difunctionalized products and that the regiospecificity of these difunctionalizations is due to the trans influence of the P donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Umanzor
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Hatakeyama M, Sakamoto Y, Ogata K, Sumida Y, Sumida T, Hosoya T, Nakamura S. A study on an unusual S N2 mechanism in the methylation of benzyne through nickel-complexation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26926-26933. [PMID: 28956039 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three reaction mechanisms of a benzyne-nickel (Ni) complex ([Ni(C6H4)(dcpe)]) with iodomethane during the methylation process were investigated, namely (a) SN2 reaction of the benzyne-Ni complex with iodomethane, (b) concerted σ-bond metathesis during the bond breaking/forming processes, and (c) oxidative addition of iodomethane to the Ni-center and the subsequent reductive elimination process. DFT calculations revealed that the reaction barrier of the SN2 reaction is slightly lower than those of the other mechanisms. The results of orbital analyses suggest that [Ni(C6H4)(dcpe)] forms a metallacycle structure between benzyne and the NiII (3d8) center instead of the η2-structure with the Ni0 (3d10) center. The metallacycle structures became inappropriate as the intermediates of oxidative addition in the formation of the NiII-Me bond, avoiding further oxidation to the high-valent NiIV. The high free energy along σ-bond metathesis was generated from the steric hindrance, thus invoking methylation and Ni-I bond formation concertedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hatakeyama
- Nakamura Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Karadakov PB, Gerratt J, Raos G, Cooper DL, Raimondi M. The Lowest Singlet and Triplet States ofo-Benzyne: Spin-Coupled Interpretation of the Electronic Structure at CAS SCF Equilibrium Geometries. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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FEREYDUNI EHSAN, KAMAEE MAHDI, SOLEYMANI REZA, AHMADI ROYA. THE SUBSTITUTION EFFECT ON THE AROMATICITY OF SOME N-PHENYLACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES: A DFT STUDY. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612500903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relative aromaticity of some N-phenylacetamide (NPA) derivatives were investigated in which the NPA was substituted by NO2, CN, CF3, Br, Cl, F, H, CH3 , and NH2 groups at two meta and para positions. For this purpose, density functional theory calculations were applied at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level to calculate the aromaticity indices including nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and harmonic oscillator model of electron delocalization (HOMED). The obtained results indicated that the aromaticity of derivatives decreased in the order of NO 2 > CN > CF 3 > Br > Cl > F > H > CH 3 > NH 2 for both meta and para positions. Furthermore, the resulting order was directly related to the electron withdrawing and electron releasing strengths of the substituents. Finally, it was found that all the aromaticity indices of have a good correlation with the Hammett constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- EHSAN FEREYDUNI
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - MAHDI KAMAEE
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - REZA SOLEYMANI
- Young Researchers Club, Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - ROYA AHMADI
- Department of Chemistry, Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Li WQ, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Liu ZZ, Ren AM, Sun CC, Aoki Y. Electronic properties of tricoordinated phosphorus in hexagonal phosphininium compounds and molecular aromaticity. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:1467-1475. [PMID: 17330883 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calculations with B3LYP within quantum chemical density functional theory have been carried out for 1-H-phosphininium cation and a series of 1-R-phosphininium molecules (R=cyclopentadiene, alpha and beta pyrroles, alpha and beta phosphole, C5BH5-- and CH2--). The negative nuclear-independent chemical shift values and the positive aromatic stabilization energies confirm that they are aromatic compounds. In particular, the 1-H-phosphininium cation even exhibits stronger aromatic character than the well-known aromatic phosphinine. The aromatic substituents have strong capability to attract electrons. It is the conjugation and aromaticity that keeps the stability and conformations of the molecules investigated. Owing to the perturbation of the aromatic substituted groups, the predicted large T values and the enlarged HOMO-LUMO gap of the phosphininium cation indicate that these compounds are expected in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Wei-Quan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Ji-Kang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zi-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Chemistry and Environment Science College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhehaote 010022, China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Chia-Chung Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Cyrański MK. Energetic aspects of cyclic pi-electron delocalization: evaluation of the methods of estimating aromatic stabilization energies. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3773-811. [PMID: 16218567 DOI: 10.1021/cr0300845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boughdiri S, Hussein K, Tangour B, Dahrouch M, Rivière-Baudet M, Barthelat JC. Aromaticity or non aromaticity in germanazenes? Theoretical studies on germanazenes, the N-cyano analogs and their carbodiimide isomers. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bock CW, Trachtman M, George P. The effect of including polarization functions on the geometrical parameters calculated for pyridine. J Comput Chem 2004; 7:153-157. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.540070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1985] [Accepted: 10/29/1985] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kukolich SG, Tanjaroon C, McCarthy MC, Thaddeus P. Microwave spectrum of o-benzyne produced in a discharge nozzle. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1593015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Winkler K, McKnight N, Fawcett WR. Electron Transfer Kinetics of Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) Electrooxidation in Aprotic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15443 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Novelette McKnight
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15443 Bialystok, Poland
| | - W. Ronald Fawcett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15443 Bialystok, Poland
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Krygowski T, Cyrañski M, Czarnocki Z, Häfelinger G, Katritzky AR. Aromaticity: a Theoretical Concept of Immense Practical Importance. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bettinger HF, Schleyer PVR, Schaefer HF. Tetradehydrobenzenes: Singlet−Triplet Energy Separations and Vibrational Frequencies. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981681p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger F. Bettinger
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, and Computerchemie Center, Institut für Organische Chemie, Henkestrasse 42, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul v. R. Schleyer
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, and Computerchemie Center, Institut für Organische Chemie, Henkestrasse 42, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, and Computerchemie Center, Institut für Organische Chemie, Henkestrasse 42, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Morris VR, Pollack SK. Singlet−Triplet Gap in 1,2,3-Butatriene and Its Consequences on the Mechanism of Its Spontaneous Polymerization. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973024+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Transition-Metal Complexes of Arynes, Strained Cyclic Alkynes, and Strained Cyclic Cumulenes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Jiao H, Schleyer PVR, Houk KN, Warmuth R, Beno BR. Theoretische Studien zu Struktur, Aromatizität und magnetischen Eigenschaften von 1,2-Didehydrobenzol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blokhin AP, Gelin MF. Rotation of Nonspherical Molecules in Dense Fluids: A Simple Model Description. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9616730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Blokhin
- Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, F. Skarina Avenue 70, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - M. F. Gelin
- Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, F. Skarina Avenue 70, Minsk 220072, Belarus
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Bludsky´ O, Sˇpirko V, Kobayashi R, Jørgensen P. An ab initio quartic force field and the fundamental frequencies ofo-benzyne. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ulrich Suter H, Ha TK. Ab initio quantum-chemical study of the lower-lying electronic states of o-benzyne. Chem Phys Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)85048-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bock CW, Trachtman M, George P. A molecular orbital study comparing the effects of heteroatom substitution in trans-1,3-butadiene, all-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene, and benzene. Struct Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01374481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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George P, Bock CW. A test of the AM1 model for calculating energies and structural properties of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, 1-methyl and 2-methylnaphthalene. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(89)80088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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George P, Bock CW, Trachtman M. The matching of structural elements in reactions for evaluating stabilization energies for benzene and monosilabenzene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00529100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hillier I, Vincent M, Guest M, Von Niessen W. On the structure and valence ionization energies of o-benzyne. Chem Phys Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(87)87162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bock CW, Trachtman M, George P. A molecular orbital study of pyridine and the rotation about the CC bond in 4-vinylpyridine. Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(86)80061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Bock CW, Trachtman M, George P. The effect of including polarization functions on the geometrical parameters calculated for benzene, fluorobenzene and cyanobenzene. J Comput Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.540060612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Bock CW, Trachtman M, George P. A Molecular orbital study of the rotation about the CC bond in styrene. Chem Phys 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(85)87008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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