1
|
Qiao Z, Li X, Chen M, Cao F, Mo Z. Double 1,2-Carbon Migration at Mixed Heavier Sn=Ge Vinylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401570. [PMID: 38380578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
1,2-migration is one recurring isomerization reaction in organic chemistry. In contrast, double 1,2-migration remains rare and limited to transition-metal complexes. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of mixed heavier Sn=Ge vinylidenes. Double 1,2-carbon migration enables the isomerization of the stannagermenylidene (3) to the germastannenylidene (4). X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations revealed that 3 and 4 feature a Sn=Ge double bond. The reaction of 3 with IMe4 (1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazoline-2-ylidene) results in the electron redistribution in the Sn=Ge core to give the germylone-stannylene adduct (5). Moreover, treatment of 3 with 0.25 equiv. of (AlCp*)4 produces the heteronuclear aluminyl stannagermyne (6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kutin Y, Reitz J, Antoni PW, Savitsky A, Pantazis DA, Kasanmascheff M, Hansmann MM. Characterization of a Triplet Vinylidene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21410-21415. [PMID: 34898204 PMCID: PMC8704171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Singlet vinylidenes
(R2C=C:) are proposed as
intermediates in a series of organic reactions, and very few have
been studied by matrix isolation or gas-phase spectroscopy. Triplet
vinylidenes, however, featuring two unpaired electrons at a monosubstituted
carbon atom are thus far only predicted as electronically excited-state
species and represent an unexplored class of carbon-centered diradicals.
We report the photochemical generation and low-temperature EPR/ENDOR
characterization of the first ground-state high-spin (triplet) vinylidene.
The zero-field splitting parameters (D = 0.377 cm–1 and |E|/D = 0.028)
were determined, and the 13C hyperfine coupling tensor
was obtained by 13C-ENDOR measurements. Most strikingly,
the isotropic 13C hyperfine coupling constant (50 MHz)
is far smaller than the characteristic values of triplet carbenes,
demonstrating a unique electronic structure which is supported by
quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kutin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Müge Kasanmascheff
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shiri A, Khorramabadi-zad A, Siahpur Z. Substitution effects on 1,3-disubstituted imidazol-2-ylidenes and 1,3-diarylimidazol-2-ylidenes revisited: a theoretical study at DFT level. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
4
|
Cross sections for electron collision with fluoroacetylene: A comparative study with acetylene and difluoroacetylene along with fluorination. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Khiri D, Hochlaf M, Chambaud G. Energetic Diagrams and Structural Properties of Monohaloacetylenes HC≡CX (X = F, Cl, Br). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5985-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Khiri
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - G. Chambaud
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramalingam M. Theoretical Studies on the Mechanistic Insertions of Singlet Methylene and Halomethylene into Polar S‒H Bonds of Methanethiol, Ethanethiol, 1-Propanethiol and 2-Propanethiol. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.685668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramalingam
- a Centre for Research and Developmen , PRIST University , Thanjavur , 613 403 , India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
RAMASAMI K, RAMALINGAM M, VENUVANALINGAM P. SINGLET METHYLENE AND HALOCARBENES INSERTIONS INTO POLAR N–H BONDS OF AMINES. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633609005398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of singlet 1CH2 , 1CHF , and 1CF2 into polar N–H bonds of RNH2 ( R = –CH3, –C2H5, –C3H7 or –CH(CH3)2 ) has been investigated at HF, MP2, and DFT levels using 6-31g (d, p) basis set. The insertions proceed via a two-step mechanism. The potential energy surface exploration identifies an ylide formation followed by the 1,2-proton shift concertedly giving the secondary amine. The barrier height varies with the type of carbene and amine. HOMO of amines and LUMO of carbenes control the initial interactions and it is confirmed by NBO charge analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. RAMASAMI
- Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621007, India
| | - M. RAMALINGAM
- CRD, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, 613403, India
| | - P. VENUVANALINGAM
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620024, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vasiliou A, Piech KM, Zhang X, Nimlos MR, Ahmed M, Golan A, Kostko O, Osborn DL, Daily JW, Stanton JF, Barney Ellison G. The products of the thermal decomposition of CH3CHO. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:014306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3604005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Goebbert DJ, Khuseynov D, Sanov A. Photoelectron Imaging of Cyanovinylidene and Cyanoacetylene Anions. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2259-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Goebbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - Dmitry Khuseynov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lenington MJ, Wenthold PG. Topological Control of Spin States in Disjoint Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1334-7. [PMID: 19743864 DOI: 10.1021/jp905757p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Lenington
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Paul G. Wenthold
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Insertion of singlet chlorocarbenes across C-H bonds in alkanes: Evidence for two phase mechanism. J CHEM SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-007-0060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Seal P, Chakrabarti S. Explicit role of dynamical and nondynamical electron correlation on singlet–triplet splitting in carbenes. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Lee SH, Chen WK, Chaudhuri C, Huang WJ, Lee YT. Photodissociation dynamics of vinyl fluoride (CH2CHF) at 157 and 193nm: Distributions of kinetic energy and branching ratios. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:144315. [PMID: 17042598 DOI: 10.1063/1.2357946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using photofragment translational spectroscopy and tunable vacuum-ultraviolet ionization, we measured the time-of-flight spectra of fragments upon photodissociation of vinyl fluoride (CH2CHF) at 157 and 193 nm. Four primary dissociation pathways--elimination of atomic F, atomic H, molecular HF, and molecular H2--are identified at 157 nm. Dissociation to C2H3 + F is first observed in the present work. Decomposition of internally hot C2H3 and C2H2F occurs spontaneously. The barrier heights of CH2CH --> CHCH + H and cis-CHCHF --> CHCH + F are evaluated to be 40+/-2 and 44+/-2 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The photoionization yield spectra indicate that the C2H3 and C2H2F radicals have ionization energies of 8.4+/-0.1 and 8.8+/-0.1 eV, respectively. Universal detection of photoproducts allowed us to determine the total branching ratios, distributions of kinetic energy, average kinetic energies, and fractions of translational energy release for all dissociation pathways of vinyl fluoride. In contrast, on optical excitation at 193 nm the C2H2 + HF channel dominates whereas the C2H3 + F channel is inactive. This reaction C2H3F --> C2H2 + HF occurs on the ground surface of potential energy after excitation at both wavelengths of 193 and 157 nm, indicating that internal conversion from the photoexcited state to the electronic ground state of vinyl fluoride is efficient. We computed the electronic energies of products and the ionization energies of fluorovinyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Transition states and charge analyses along the IRC for the singlet chlorocarbenes insertions into C–H bond of alkanes. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
C–H functionalisation through carbene and fluorocarbene insertion—ab initio and DFT investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kirmse
- Fakultät für Chemie, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knorr R. Alkylidenecarbenes, Alkylidenecarbenoids, and Competing Species: Which Is Responsible for Vinylic Nucleophilic Substitution, [1 + 2] Cycloadditions, 1,5-CH Insertions, and the Fritsch−Buttenberg−Wiechell Rearrangement? Chem Rev 2004; 104:3795-850. [PMID: 15352780 DOI: 10.1021/cr030616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Knorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loh ZH, Field RW. Contrasting origins of the isomerization barriers for vinylidene, fluorovinylidene, and difluorovinylidene. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1540625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
19
|
Wang Y, Hadad CM, Toscano JP. Solvent dependence of the 2-naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene singlet-triplet energy gap. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:1761-7. [PMID: 11853454 DOI: 10.1021/ja012139v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solvent dependence of the 2-naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene (2) singlet-triplet energy gap has been examined by time-resolved infrared (TRIR) and computational methods. The ground state of 2 changes from the triplet state in hexane to the singlet state in acetonitrile. Preferential stabilization of the singlet carbene is the result of its increased dipole moment in polar solvents. Variable-temperature TRIR experiments provide measurements of the enthalpic and entropic differences between (1)2 and (3)2 and suggest that solvent and geometry effects on the entropy of singlet and triplet carbenes can offset differences arising from spin multiplicity. B3LYP calculations using the polarizable continuum solvation model (PCM) reproduce the general trends in enthalpic differences seen experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rienstra-Kiracofe JC, Tschumper GS, Schaefer HF, Nandi S, Ellison GB. Atomic and molecular electron affinities: photoelectron experiments and theoretical computations. Chem Rev 2002; 102:231-82. [PMID: 11782134 DOI: 10.1021/cr990044u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Breidung J, Thiel W. Equilibrium Structure and Spectroscopic Constants of Difluorovinylidene: An ab Initio Study. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 205:28-37. [PMID: 11148104 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly correlated ab initio calculations with large basis sets are reported for difluorovinylidene, F(2)CC. Based on CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ results and taking core correlation effects properly into account, a reliable theoretical equilibrium geometry is derived: r(e)(CC) = 134.74(10) pm, r(e)(CF) = 131.00(10) pm, and angle(e)(FCC) = 123.23(10) degrees. The error bars are estimated from analogous comparative calculations on the equilibrium structures of the CF(2), C(2), and C(3) species. Correlated harmonic [CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ] and anharmonic [CCSD(T)/TZ2Pf] force fields provide theoretical values for the fundamental vibrational wavenumbers which are in excellent agreement with those measured previously in an argon matrix. Many spectroscopic constants of F(2)CC are predicted. In addition, the energy of F(2)CC relative to difluoroethyne (FCCF) and the barrier to isomerization from F(2)CC to FCCF have been reinvestigated by means of the present high-level ab initio calculations. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Breidung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Kötting
- Contribution from the Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Contribution from the Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wenthold PG, Lineberger WC. Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Organic Reactive Intermediates. Acc Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ar960121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Wenthold
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - W. Carl Lineberger
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Yuzawa T, Hamaguchi HO, Toscano JP. Time-Resolved IR Studies of 2-Naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene: Reactivity and Direct Experimental Estimate of the Singlet/Triplet Energy Gap. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983278o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East, 301, 3-2-1 Sakato, Kawasaki 213, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yuzawa
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East, 301, 3-2-1 Sakato, Kawasaki 213, Japan
| | - Hiro-o Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East, 301, 3-2-1 Sakato, Kawasaki 213, Japan
| | - John P. Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East, 301, 3-2-1 Sakato, Kawasaki 213, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
King RA, Pettigrew ND, Schaefer HF. The electron affinities of the perfluorocarbons C2Fn, n=1–6. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
27
|
Worthington SE, Cramer CJ. Density functional calculations of the influence of substitution on singlet–triplet gaps in carbenes and vinylidenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199710)10:10<755::aid-poc935>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
28
|
Breidung J, Bürger H, Kötting C, Kopitzky R, Sander W, Senzlober M, Thiel W, Willner H. Difluorvinyliden, F2CC:. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lyn S. Brahms
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gunion RF, Lineberger WC. Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the tert-Butylvinylidene Anion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Gunion
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - W. C. Lineberger
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gunion RF, Köppel H, Leach GW, Lineberger WC. Photoelectron spectroscopy of C4H4−: Ab initio calculations and dynamics of the 1,2‐hydrogen shift in vinylvinylidene. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Boesl U, Weinkauf R, Weickhardt C, Schlag E. Laser ion sources for time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(93)03890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|