1
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Quaiyum S, Sun J, Marchand V, Sun G, Reed CJ, Motorin Y, Dedon PC, Minnick MF, de Crécy-Lagard V. Mapping the tRNA modification landscape of Bartonella henselae Houston I and Bartonella quintana Toulouse. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369018. [PMID: 38544857 PMCID: PMC10965804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications play a crucial role in maintaining translational fidelity and efficiency, and they may function as regulatory elements in stress response and virulence. Despite their pivotal roles, a comprehensive mapping of tRNA modifications and their associated synthesis genes is still limited, with a predominant focus on free-living bacteria. In this study, we employed a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating comparative genomics, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing, to predict the set of tRNA modification genes responsible for tRNA maturation in two intracellular pathogens-Bartonella henselae Houston I and Bartonella quintana Toulouse, which are causative agents of cat-scratch disease and trench fever, respectively. This analysis presented challenges, particularly because of host RNA contamination, which served as a potential source of error. However, our approach predicted 26 genes responsible for synthesizing 23 distinct tRNA modifications in B. henselae and 22 genes associated with 23 modifications in B. quintana. Notably, akin to other intracellular and symbiotic bacteria, both Bartonella species have undergone substantial reductions in tRNA modification genes, mostly by simplifying the hypermodifications present at positions 34 and 37. Bartonella quintana exhibited the additional loss of four modifications and these were linked to examples of gene decay, providing snapshots of reductive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Quaiyum
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core Facility and UMR7365 IMoPA, CNRS-Inserm, Biopôle UL, Nancy, France
| | - Guangxin Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Colbie J. Reed
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core Facility and UMR7365 IMoPA, CNRS-Inserm, Biopôle UL, Nancy, France
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael F. Minnick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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2
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Heindel AJ, Brulet JW, Wang X, Founds MW, Libby AH, Bai DL, Lemke MC, Leace DM, Harris TE, Hafner M, Hsu KL. Chemoproteomic capture of RNA binding activity in living cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6282. [PMID: 37805600 PMCID: PMC10560261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic methods for RNA interactome capture (RIC) rely principally on crosslinking native or labeled cellular RNA to enrich and investigate RNA-binding protein (RBP) composition and function in cells. The ability to measure RBP activity at individual binding sites by RIC, however, has been more challenging due to the heterogenous nature of peptide adducts derived from the RNA-protein crosslinked site. Here, we present an orthogonal strategy that utilizes clickable electrophilic purines to directly quantify protein-RNA interactions on proteins through photoaffinity competition with 4-thiouridine (4SU)-labeled RNA in cells. Our photo-activatable-competition and chemoproteomic enrichment (PACCE) method facilitated detection of >5500 cysteine sites across ~3000 proteins displaying RNA-sensitive alterations in probe binding. Importantly, PACCE enabled functional profiling of canonical RNA-binding domains as well as discovery of moonlighting RNA binding activity in the human proteome. Collectively, we present a chemoproteomic platform for global quantification of protein-RNA binding activity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Heindel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brulet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Xiantao Wang
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Founds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Adam H Libby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Dina L Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Michael C Lemke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David M Leace
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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3
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Takada H, Takizawa N, Shibasaki S, Asaba H, Igarashi M, Shibasaki M, Takahashi Y. Synthesis and antiviral activity of formycin derivatives with anti-influenza virus activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 57:116613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Cīrule D, Novosjolova I, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. 1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups: S NAr reactions of 2,6-bistriazolylpurines with O- and C-nucleophiles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:410-419. [PMID: 33633809 PMCID: PMC7884883 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new approach was designed for the synthesis of C6-substituted 2-triazolylpurine derivatives. A series of substituted products was obtained in SNAr reactions between 2,6-bistriazolylpurine derivatives and O- and C-nucleophiles under mild conditions. The products were isolated in yields up to 87%. The developed C-O and C-C bond forming reactions clearly show the ability of the 1,2,3-triazolyl ring at the C6 position of purine to act as leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Cīrule
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ērika Bizdēna
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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5
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Synthesis and evaluation of a collection of purine-like C-nucleosides as antikinetoplastid agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113101. [PMID: 33385837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetoplastid parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of neglected tropical diseases with a serious burden in several parts of the world. These parasites are incapable of synthesizing purines de novo, and therefore rely on ingenious purine salvage pathways to acquire and process purines from their host. Purine nucleoside analogs that may interfere with these pathways therefore constitute a privileged source of new antikinetoplastid agents. In this study, we synthetized a collection of C-nucleosides employing five different heterocyclic nucleobase surrogates. C-nucleosides are chemically and enzymatically stable and allow for extensive structural modification. Inspired by earlier 7-deazaadenosine nucleosides and known antileishmanial C-nucleosides, we introduced different modifications tailored towards antikinetoplastid activity. Both adenosine and inosine analogs were synthesized with the aim of discovering new antikinetoplastid hits and expanding knowledge of structure-activity relationships. Several promising hits with potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum were discovered, and the nature of the nucleobase surrogate was found to have a profound influence on the selectivity profile of the compounds.
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6
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Atdjian C, Coelho D, Iannazzo L, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Braud E. Synthesis of Triazole-Linked SAM-Adenosine Conjugates: Functionalization of Adenosine at N-1 or N-6 Position without Protecting Groups. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143241. [PMID: 32708658 PMCID: PMC7397255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 150 RNA chemical modifications have been identified to date. Among them, methylation of adenosine at the N-6 position (m6A) is crucial for RNA metabolism, stability and other important biological events. In particular, this is the most abundant mark found in mRNA in mammalian cells. The presence of a methyl group at the N-1 position of adenosine (m1A) is mostly found in ncRNA and mRNA and is mainly responsible for stability and translation fidelity. These modifications are installed by m6A and m1A RNA methyltransferases (RNA MTases), respectively. In human, deregulation of m6A RNA MTases activity is associated with many diseases including cancer. To date, the molecular mechanism involved in the methyl transfer, in particular substrate recognition, remains unclear. We report the synthesis of new SAM-adenosine conjugates containing a triazole linker branched at the N-1 or N-6 position of adenosine. Our methodology does not require protecting groups for the functionalization of adenosine at these two positions. The molecules described here were designed as potential bisubstrate analogues for m6A and m1A RNA MTases that could be further employed for structural studies. This is the first report of compounds mimicking the transition state of the methylation reaction catalyzed by m1A RNA MTases.
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7
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Hulpia F, Bouton J, Campagnaro GD, Alfayez IA, Mabille D, Maes L, de Koning HP, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. C6-O-alkylated 7-deazainosine nucleoside analogues: Discovery of potent and selective anti-sleeping sickness agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112018. [PMID: 31931339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis, a deadly infectious disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei spp., is spread to new hosts by bites of infected tsetse flies. Currently approved therapies all have their specific drawbacks, prompting a search for novel therapeutic agents. T. brucei lacks the enzymes necessary to forge the purine ring from amino acid precursors, rendering them dependent on the uptake and interconversion of host purines. This dependency renders analogues of purines and corresponding nucleosides an interesting source of potential anti-T. brucei agents. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of 7-substituted 7-deazainosine derivatives and found that 6-O-alkylated analogues in particular showed highly promising in vitro activity with EC50 values in the mid-nanomolar range. SAR investigation of the O-alkyl chain showed that antitrypanosomal activity increased, and also cytotoxicity, with alkyl chain length, at least in the linear alkyl chain series. However, this could be attenuated by introducing a terminal branch point, resulting in the highly potent and selective analogues, 36, 37 and 38. No resistance related to transporter-mediated uptake could be identified, earmarking several of these analogues for further in vivo follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo D Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim A Alfayez
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
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8
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Undheim K. cAMPS derivatives. A minireview over synthetic medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103152. [PMID: 31419644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleosides belonging to the cAMPS system can exert antagonistic or agonistic effects on the cAMP/PKA type 1 inhibitory pathway affecting T-lymphocyte replications. The stereochemistry at the phosphorus atom in the phosphate group is important for the expressed selectivity. The two stereoisomers at the phosphorus atom in the phosphate arise by selective replacements of one of the oxygens pendant from the phosphorus atom by a sulfur atom. Methods for the preparation of cAMPS derivatives as stereochemical mixtures at the phosphorus atom and separation of stereoisomers have been developed into highly stereoselective syntheses. Methods for halogenation in the purine 8-position afford corresponding halides. Heteronucleophilic substitution of the halides afford corresponding amines, ethers or sulfides. Transition metal catalysis for carbylation of the 8-halides affords simple and efficient routes for the preparation of 8-aryl, 8-hetaryl or 8-alkyl cAMPS derivatives. Preparations of prodrugs for improved cell membrane penetration are described. The prodrugs are S-alkylated derivatives which are constructed for selective cleavage of the SP bond by an esterase to regenerate the bioactive cAMPS species at the site of the desired action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Undheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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9
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Sviripa VM, Kril LM, Zhang W, Xie Y, Wyrebek P, Ponomareva L, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhan CG, Watt DS, Liu C. Phenylethynyl-substituted Heterocycles Inhibit Cyclin D1 and Induce the Expression of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 Wif1/Cip1 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018. [PMID: 29527286 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated, phenylethynyl-substituted heterocycles that possessed either an N-methylamino or N,N-dimethylamino group attached to heterocycles including pyridines, indoles, 1H-indazoles, quinolines, and isoquinolines inhibited the proliferation of LS174T colon cancer cells in which the inhibition of cyclin D1 and induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1 (i.e., p21Wif1/Cip1) served as a readout for antineoplastic activity at a cellular level. On a molecular level, these agents, particularly 4-((2,6-difluorophenyl)ethynyl)-N-methylisoquinolin-1-amine and 4-((2,6-difluorophenyl)ethynyl)-N,N-dimethylisoquinolin-1-amine, bound and inhibited the catalytic subunit of methionine S-adenosyltransferase-2 (MAT2A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596
| | - Liliia M Kril
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093
| | - Przemyslaw Wyrebek
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509
| | - Larissa Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596
| | - Xifu Liu
- Epionc, Inc., P.O. Box 23436, Lexington, KY 40523
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 40536-0596
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 40536-0596
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596.,Epionc, Inc., P.O. Box 23436, Lexington, KY 40523.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093
| | - Chunming Liu
- Epionc, Inc., P.O. Box 23436, Lexington, KY 40523.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093
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10
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Novosjolova I, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. Synthesis and Applications of Azolylpurine and Azolylpurine Nucleoside Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Rayala R, Theard P, Ortiz H, Yao S, Young JD, Balzarini J, Robins MJ, Wnuk SF. Synthesis of purine and 7-deazapurine nucleoside analogues of 6-N-(4-Nitrobenzyl)adenosine; inhibition of nucleoside transport and proliferation of cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2186-92. [PMID: 24788480 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is a prototypical nucleoside transporter protein ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface of almost all human tissue. Given the role of hENT1 in the transport of nucleoside drugs, an important class of therapeutics in the treatment of various cancers and viral infections, efforts have been made to better understand the mechanisms by which hENT1 modulates nucleoside transport. To that end, we report here the design and synthesis of novel tool compounds for the further study of hENT1. The 7-deazapurine nucleoside antibiotic tubercidin was converted into its 4-N-benzyl and 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives by alkylation at N3 followed by a Dimroth rearrangement to the 4-N-isomer or by fluoro-diazotization followed by SN Ar displacement of the 4-fluoro group by a benzylamine. The 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives of sangivamycin and toyocamycin antibiotics were prepared by the alkylation approach. Cross-membrane transport of labeled uridine by hENT1 was inhibited to a weaker extent by the 4-nitrobenzylated tubercidin and sangivamycin analogues than was observed with 6-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)adenosine. Type-specific inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was observed at micromolar concentrations with the 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives of sangivamycin and toyocamycin, and also with 4-N-benzyltubercidin. Treatment of 2',3',5'-O-acetyladenosine with aryl isocyanates gave the 6-ureido derivatives but none of them exhibited inhibitory activity against cancer cell proliferation or hENT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjaneyulu Rayala
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199 (USA)
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12
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Adamska E, Barciszewski J, Markiewicz WT. Convenient and efficient syntheses of N(6)- and N(4)- substituted adenines and cytosines and their 2'-deoxyribosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 31:861-71. [PMID: 23215549 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.742198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Convenient and efficient methods of the synthesis of N(6)- and N(4)-substituted derivatives of adenine and cytosine and their 2'-deoxyribosides were developed. The reactions of either unprotected nucleobases (adenine, cytosine) or unprotected 2'-deoxyribosides with aryl or alkyl aldehydes give corresponding Schiff bases that can be reduced to the target title compounds with high overall yields. In the case of aryl aldehydes the imine derivatives are obtained in the presence of methoxides in methanol and reduced with sodium borohydride. The corresponding reactions with alkyl aldehydes require the use of acetic acid and borane dimethyl sulfide complex instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Adamska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Kitchen JA, Olguín J, Kulmaczewski R, White NG, Milway VA, Jameson GNL, Tallon JL, Brooker S. Effect of N4-Substituent Choice on Spin Crossover in Dinuclear Iron(II) Complexes of Bis-Terdentate 1,2,4-Triazole-Based Ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11185-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4014416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Juan Olguín
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rafal Kulmaczewski
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Victoria A. Milway
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Guy N. L. Jameson
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeffery L. Tallon
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Callaghan Innovation, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department
of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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14
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Zhang Q, Cheng G, Huang YZ, Qu GR, Niu HY, Guo HM. Regioselective N9 alkylation of purine rings assisted by β-cyclodextrin. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Kokatla HP, Lakshman MK. Two-step, one-pot synthesis of inosine, guanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine O6-ethers via intermediate O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl) derivatives. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY 2012; Chapter 1:Unit1.26. [PMID: 22700333 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0126s49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the etherification at the O(6)-position of silyl-protected inosine, guanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine is described. Typically, a THF solution of the silylated nucleoside is treated with 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and Cs(2)CO(3) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Conversion to the O(6)-(benzotriazol-1-yl) ethers occurs within about 10 min for inosine, and within about 60 min for guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. Then, for reaction with alcohols, the reaction mixture is evaporated and the O(6)-(benzotriazol-1-yl) ether is treated with Cs(2)CO(3) and an appropriate alcohol, at room temperature. On the other hand, for reaction with phenols, Cs(2)CO(3) and the appropriate phenol are added to the reaction mixture without evaporation, and the reaction is carried out at 70°C. Subsequently, workup, isolation, and purification lead to the requisite O(6)-alkyl or O(6)-aryl ethers in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad Kokatla
- The City College and The City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
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16
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Cho JH, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Efficient synthesis of exo-N-carbamoyl nucleosides: application to the synthesis of phosphoramidate prodrugs. Org Lett 2012; 14:2488-91. [PMID: 22554490 DOI: 10.1021/ol300777p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protection protocol for the 6-exo-amino group of purine nucleosides with various chloroformates was developed utilizing N-methylimidazole (NMI). The reaction of an exo-N(6)-group of adenosine analogue 1 with alkyl/and aryl chloroformates under optimized conditions provided the N(6)-carbamoyl adenosines (2a-j) in good to excellent yields. The reaction of N(6)-Cbz-protected nucleosides (5a-c) with phenyl phosphoryl chloride (7) using t-BuMgCl followed by catalytic hydrogenation afforded the corresponding phosphoramidate pronucleotides (8a-c) in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, United States, and RFS Pharma, LLC , 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, Georgia 30084, United States
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17
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Abstract
Stille Coupling is a versatile C-C bond forming reaction with high functional group tolerance under mild conditions. Our on column synthesis concept for RNA modification is based on the incorporation of iodo substituted nucleotide precursors to RNA during automated standard solid phase synthesis via TBDMS-, TC-, and ACE- protecting group strategies. Subsequently, the RNA, still bound on solid support, is ready for orthogonal postsynthetic functionalization via Stille cross-couplings utilizing the advantages of solid phase synthesis. Several monomer test reactions were employed with 2-iodo adenosine and 5-iodo uridine and organostannanes as coupling partners under different conditions, changing the catalyst/ligand system, temperature, and reaction time as well as conventional heating and microwave irradiation. Finally, Stille cross-couplings under optimized conditions were transferred to fully protected 5-mer and 12-mer RNA oligonucleotides on-column. Deprotection and cleavage from solid support resulted in site-specifically labeled oligonucleotides. Derivatizations via Stille cross-couplings were performed initially with vinyltributylstannane as well as later with 2-furanyl-, 2-thiophene-, and benzothiophene-2-tributylstannanes yielding fluorescently functionalized RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wicke
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Sun Y, Fukamachi T, Saito H, Kobayashi H. Adenosine deamination increases the survival under acidic conditions in Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:775-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Andrei M, Bakkebø T, Klaveness J, Taskén K, Undheim K. Stereoselective synthesis of (RP)-8-substituted-N⁶-acylated and N⁶-alkylated adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioic acids as cAMP antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5935-40. [PMID: 22041460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
N(6)-Monoalkylated, N(6)-dialkylated and N(6)-acylated (R(P))-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioic acids have been prepared by stereoselective syntheses from cAMP for a study of protein kinase A antagonist activity. The antagonist activity of the parent primary 6-amino cAMP derivative was reduced after N-monoalkylation. No significant activity was detected in the N,N-dialkylated derivative. Mono N-acylation had little effect on the activity. Hydrogen bonding involving the 6-amino group in cAMPS seems necessary for activity.
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20
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Čechová L, Jansa P, Šála M, Dračínský M, Holý A, Janeba Z. The optimized microwave-assisted decomposition of formamides and its synthetic utility in the amination reactions of purines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Zhong M, Robins MJ. Regiospecific N9 Alkylation of 6-(Heteroaryl)purines: Shielding of N7 by a Proximal Heteroaryl C−H1. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8901-6. [PMID: 17081021 DOI: 10.1021/jo061759h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purine alkylations have been plagued with formation of mixtures of N9 (usually desired), N7, and other regioisomers. We have developed methods for synthesis of 6-(azolyl)purine derivatives whose X-ray crystal structures show essentially coplanar conformations of the linked azole-purine rings. Such ring orientations position the C-H of the azole above N7 of the purine, which results in protection of N7 from alkylating agents. Treatment of 6-(2-butylimidazol-1-yl)-2-chloropurine (9) with sodium hydride in DMF followed by addition of ethyl iodide resulted in exclusive formation of 6-(2-butylimidazol-1-yl)-2-chloro-9-ethylpurine (10), whereas identical treatment of 2-chloro-6-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)purine (11) produced a regioisomeric mixture 12/13 (N9/N7, approximately 5:1). The linked imidazole and purine rings are coplanar in 9 (the butyl side chain is extended away from the purine ring and C-H is over N7) but are rotated approximately 57 degrees in 11, and the more bulky azole substituent in 11 did not prevent formation of the minor N7 regioisomer 13. Access to various regioisomerically pure 9-alkylpurines is now readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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22
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Godzina P, Adrych-Rozek K, Markiewicz WT. Synthetic Oligonucleotide Combinatorial Libraries. 3. Synthesis of Polyamevonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Godzina
- a Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12, PL-61704 , Poznah , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Adrych-Rozek
- a Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12, PL-61704 , Poznah , Poland
| | - Wojciech T. Markiewicz
- a Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12, PL-61704 , Poznah , Poland
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23
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Markiewicz WT, Godzina P, Markiewicz M. Synthesis of Polyaminooligonucleotides and Their Combinatorial Libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Zhong M, Nowak I, Cannon JF, Robins MJ. Structure and Synthesis of 6-(Substituted-imidazol-1-yl)purines: Versatile Substrates for Regiospecific Alkylation and Glycosylation at N91. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4216-21. [PMID: 16709063 DOI: 10.1021/jo060340o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
X-ray crystal structures of several 6-(azolyl)purine base and nucleoside derivatives show essentially coplanar conformations of the purine and appended 6-(azolyl) rings. However, the planes of the purine and imidazole rings are twisted approximately 57 degrees in a 2-chloro-6-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)purine nucleoside, and a twist angle of approximately 61 degrees was measured between the planes of the purine and pyrrole rings in the structure of a 6-(2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl)purine nucleoside derivative. Shielding "above" N7 of the purine ring by a proximal C-H on the 6-azolyl moiety is apparent with the coplanar compounds, but this effect is diminished in those without coplanarity. Syntheses of 6-(azolyl)purines from both base and nucleoside starting materials are described. Treatment of 2,6-dichloropurine with imidazole gave 2-chloro-6-(imidazol-1-yl)purine. Modified Appel reactions at C6 of trityl-protected hypoxanthine and guanine derivatives followed by detritylation gave 6-(imidazol-1-yl)- and 2-amino-6-(imidazol-1-yl)purines. Imidazole was introduced at C6 of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetylinosine by a modified Appel reaction, and solvolysis of the glycosyl linkage gave 6-(imidazol-1-yl)purine. Guanosine triacetate was transformed into the protected 2,6-dichloropurine nucleoside, which was subjected to S(N)Ar displacement with imidazoles at C6 followed by glycosyl solvolysis to provide 2-chloro-6-(substituted-imidazol-1-yl)purines. Potential applications of these purine derivatives are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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25
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Nowak I, Jones CT, Robins MJ. Selective removal of the 2'- and 3'-O-acyl groups from 2',3',5'-tri-O-acylribonucleoside derivatives with lithium trifluoroethoxide. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3077-81. [PMID: 16599602 DOI: 10.1021/jo0600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of O2' and O3' ester groups from ribonucleoside derivatives has been accomplished with Dowex 1 x 2 (CF3CH2O-) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or lithium trifluoroethoxide/TFE. Deacylations with Li+ -OCH2CF3/TFE proceed at ambient temperature (or with mild heating) to give the 5'-O-acyl derivatives in superior yields and higher purity than prior approaches for selective O2' and O3' ester deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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27
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Zhong M, Nowak I, Robins MJ. 6-(2-Alkylimidazol-1-yl)purines Undergo Regiospecific Glycosylation at N9. Org Lett 2005; 7:4601-3. [PMID: 16209489 DOI: 10.1021/ol051573p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Regioselective control of glycosylation of purines at N9 (versus N7) has been a continuing challenge. We now report Lewis acid catalyzed regiospecific glycosylations of 6-(2-alkylimidazol-1-yl)purines at N9. The 6-(2-alkyl)imidazole moiety also functions as a versatile leaving group that can be replaced by nucleophiles (S(N)Ar) and aryl groups (Suzuki cross-coupling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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28
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Liu J, Robins MJ. Fluoro, Alkylsulfanyl, and Alkylsulfonyl Leaving Groups in Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions of Purine 2‘-Deoxynucleosides and Nucleosides. Org Lett 2005; 7:1149-51. [PMID: 15760161 DOI: 10.1021/ol050063s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Protected 2'-deoxynucleoside and nucleoside derivatives of 6-fluoropurine, 6-(3-methylbutyl)sulfanylpurine, and 6-(3-methylbutyl)ylsulfonylpurine undergo nickel- or palladium-mediated C-C cross-coupling with arylboronic acids to give good yields of 6-arylpurine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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29
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Janeba Z, Lin X, Robins MJ. Functionalization of guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine at C6: a modified Appel process and S(N)Ar displacement of imidazole. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:137-47. [PMID: 15043142 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120027823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of sugar-protected 2-N-trityl derivatives of guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine with imidazole/triphenylphosphine/iodine/ethyldiisopropylamine gives the corresponding 6-(imidazol-1-yl)-2-(tritylamino)purine nucleosides. S(N)Ar displacement of the imidazole moiety with nucleophiles provides 2-amino-6-substituted-purine nucleosides and 2'-deoxynucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Janeba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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30
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Liu J, Robins MJ. Azoles as Suzuki Cross-Coupling Leaving Groups: Syntheses of 6-Arylpurine 2‘-Deoxynucleosides and Nucleosides from 6-(Imidazol-1-yl)- and 6-(1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)purine Derivatives1. Org Lett 2004; 6:3421-3. [PMID: 15355067 DOI: 10.1021/ol048490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 6-(Imidazol-1-yl)-, 6-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-, and 6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)purine nucleosides undergo a nickel-mediated C-C cross-coupling of azole-substituted purine derivatives with arylboronic acids to give good yields of 6-arylpurine nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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Shallop AJ, Gaffney BL, Jones RA. Use of 13C as an indirect tag in 15N specifically labeled nucleosides. Syntheses of [8-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]adenosine, -guanosine, and their deoxy analogues. J Org Chem 2004; 68:8657-61. [PMID: 14575499 DOI: 10.1021/jo0345446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the use of a 13C tag at the C2 of 15N-multilabeled purine nucleosides to distinguish the adjacent-labeled 15N atoms from those in an untagged nucleoside. We now introduce the use of an indirect tag at the C8 of 15N7-labeled purine nucleosides. This tag allows unambiguous differentiation between a pair of 15N7-labeled purines in which only one is 13C8 labeled. Although the very small C8-N7 coupling (<1 Hz) precludes its direct detection in 1D 15N spectra, 2D 1H-15N NMR experiments display the large C8-H8 coupling (>200 Hz) because H8 is coupled to both N7 and C8. The 13C8 atom is introduced by means of a ring closure of the exocyclic amino groups of a pyrimidinone using [13C]sodium ethyl xanthate. Here, we present methods for the syntheses of [8-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]adenosine, -guanosine, and their deoxy analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Shallop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Nowak I, Robins MJ. Protection of the amino group of adenosine and guanosine derivatives by elaboration into a 2,5-dimethylpyrrole moiety. Org Lett 2003; 5:3345-8. [PMID: 12943423 DOI: 10.1021/ol035264f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Protection of the amino group of adenine and guanine nucleosides was effected by heating the substrates in 2,5-hexanedione. The resulting 2,5-dimethylpyrrole adducts were stable toward bases but were hydrolyzed with TFA/H(2)O to regenerate the amino function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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33
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Varaprasad CV, Habib Q, Li DY, Huang J, Abt JW, Rong F, Hong Z, An H. Synthesis of novel exocyclic amino nucleosides by parallel solid-phase combinatorial strategy. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Milecki J. Specific labelling of nucleosides and nucleotides with13C and15N. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robins MJ, Miles RW, Samano MC, Kaspar RL. Syntheses of puromycin from adenosine and 7-deazapuromycin from tubercidin, and biological comparisons of the 7-aza/deaza pair. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8204-10. [PMID: 11722226 DOI: 10.1021/jo010935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protection (O5') of 2',3'-anhydroadenosine with tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride and epoxide opening with dimethylboron bromide gave the 3'-bromo-3'-deoxy xylo isomer which was treated with benzylisocyanate to give the 2'-O-(N-benzylcarbamoyl) derivative. Ring closure gave the oxazolidinone, and successive deprotection concluded an efficient route to 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine. Analogous treatment of the antibiotic tubercidin [7-deazaadenosine; 4-amino-7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine] gave 3'-amino-3'-deoxytubercidin. Trifluoroacetylation of the 3'-amino function, elaboration of the heterocyclic amino group into a (1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) ring with N,N'-bis[(dimethylamino)methylene]hydrazine, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution with dimethylamine gave puromycin aminonucleoside [9-(3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-(dimethylamino)purine] and its 7-deaza analogue. Aminoacylation [BOC-(4-methoxy-L-phenylalanine)] and deprotection gave puromycin and 7-deazapuromycin. Most reactions gave high yields at or below ambient temperature. Equivalent inhibition of protein biosynthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte system and parallel growth inhibition of several bacteria were observed with the 7-aza/deaza pair. Replacement of N7 in the purine ring of puromycin by "CH" has no apparent effect on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA.
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Wamhoff H, Bamberg A, Sohár P. Efficient synthesis of fused isothiazolo C-nucleosides. III. Synthesis of substituted isothiazol. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:229-41. [PMID: 11393399 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Divakar-Reese procedure has been successfully applied for transforming 7-oxo-isothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides (4a,b, 5a,b, 6a) via 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl intermediates (7a,b, 8a,b) into various 7-substituted C-nucleosides 15a,b, 16a,b, 17a, 18a, 19a,b, 20a,b; their subsequent deprotection provides novel types of unusual C-glycosides 22b, 23a, 24a,b, 25b, 26b. C-Nucleosides, possessing on its heterocyclic base other than naturally occuring oxo- or amino substituents, are important model compounds for biological or medicinal studies (2,3). We want to report on the synthesis of novel 7-substituted isothiazolo = [4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides. As we could show in previous papers (1,4), there exists a simple approach to the protected C-glycosides 4-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wamhoff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Germany
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37
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Lin X, Robins MJ. Mild and efficient functionalization at C6 of purine 2'-deoxynucleosides and ribonucleosides. Org Lett 2000; 2:3497-9. [PMID: 11082018 DOI: 10.1021/ol000255h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Treatment of sugar-protected inosine and 2'-deoxyinosine derivatives with a cyclic secondary amine or imidazole and I(2)/Ph(3)P/EtN(i-Pr)(2)/(CH(2)Cl(2) or toluene) gave quantitative conversions into 6-N-(substituted)purine nucleosides. S(N)Ar reactions with 6-(imidazol-1-yl) derivatives gave 6-(N, O, or S)-substituted products. The 6-(benzylsulfonyl) group underwent S(N)Ar displacement with an arylamine at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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38
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2-Amino-6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-purine: a useful intermediate in the synthesis of 9-alkylguanines. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Trévisiol E, Defrancq E, Lhomme J, Laayoun A, Cros P. Synthesis of Nucleoside Triphosphates that Contain an Aminooxy Function for “Post-Amplification Labelling”. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200001)2000:1<211::aid-ejoc211>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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40
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Pagano AR, Zhao H, Shallop A, Jones RA. Syntheses of [1,7-15N2]- and [1,7,NH2-15N3]Adenosine and 2‘-Deoxyadenosine via an N1-Alkoxy-Mediated Dimroth Rearrangement. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9718152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
| | - Anthony Shallop
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
| | - Roger A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
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Shaban MA. The Chemistry of C-Nucleosides and Their Analogs II: C-Nucleosides of Condensed Heterocyclic Bases. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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