1
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Xu J, Guo J, Li S, Yang Y, Lai W, Keoingthong P, Wang S, Zhang L, Dong Q, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Dual Charge Transfer Generated from Stable Mixed-Valence Radical Crystals for Boosting Solar-to-Thermal Conversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300980. [PMID: 37144542 PMCID: PMC10375089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Realizing dual charge transfer (CT) based on stable organic radicals in one system is a long-sought goal, however, remains challenging. In this work, a stable mixed-valence radical crystal is designed via a surfactant-assisted method, namely TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC (where TTF = tetrathiafulvalene), containing dual CT interactions. The solubilization of surfactants enables successful co-crystallization of mixed-valence TTF molecules with different polarity in aqueous solutions. Short intermolecular distances between adjacent TTF moieties within TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC facilitate both inter-valence CT (IVCT) between neutral TTF and TTF+• , and inter-radical CT (IRCT) between two TTF+• in radical π-dimer, which are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state absorption, electron spin resonance measurements, and DFT calculations. Moreover, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC reveals an open-shell singlet diradical ground state with the antiferromagnetic coupling of 2J = -657 cm-1 and an unprecedented temperature-dependent magnetic property, manifesting the main monoradical characters of IVCT at 113-203 K while the spin-spin interactions in radical dimers of IRCT are predominant at 263-353 K. Notably, dual CT characters endow TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC with strong light absorption over the full solar spectrum and outstanding stability. As a result, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC exhibits significantly enhanced photothermal property, an increase of 46.6 °C within 180 s upon one-sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Phouphien Keoingthong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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2
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Xu J, Li S, Yang Y, Chen Z. Stable Organic Radicals Participation in Charge Transfer: A New Strategy toward Molecular Functional Materials. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203598. [PMID: 36527171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) engineering with inter-/intramolecular CT interactions by simple compositions has emerged as a universal and efficient way to construct organic functional materials. Stable organic radicals with unique physicochemical properties that cannot be realized in closed-shell molecules, have been widely demonstrated to be ideal building blocks to construct versatile organic CT materials. This concept article provides a brief overview of the advances in the design, structure and property of stable organic radicals-based CT molecular functional materials, and the strategy for the generation of these materials is also highlighted. First, radicals are introduced as open-shell donors or acceptors, with a focus on their importance and uniqueness in improving electrical, magnetic and optical properties of CT functional materials. Additionally, CT interactions in stable radical dimers and trimers are further discussed systematically. Finally, the challenges are summarized and perspectives for future development of stable organic radicals-based CT functional materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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3
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Kimura T, Nakahodo T, Suzuki E, Nakanishi Y, Misaki Y, Ogawa S. Preparation, Structure Determination, and Electrochemical Properties of 4,5‐Dialkylbenzo[1,2‐
d
:4,5‐
d’
]bis[1,2,3]triselenoles and Their Singlet and Triplet‐State Dications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nakahodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kindai University Higashi Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
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4
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Galmés B, Adrover J, Terraneo G, Frontera A, Resnati G. Radicalradical chalcogen bonds: CSD analysis and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12757-12765. [PMID: 32463046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports a combination of crystallographic analysis (Cambridge Structural Database) and theoretical DFT calculations in chalcogen bonding interactions involving radicals in both the Ch bond (ChB) donor and acceptor. As a radical ChB acceptor (nucleophile) we have used benzodithiazolyl radical (BDTA) and as Ch bond donors (electrophile) we have used dithiadiazolyl and diselenadiazolyl radicals of the general formula p-X-C6F4-CNChChN (Ch = S, and Se). We have evaluated how the para substituent (X) affects the interaction energy, spin density and charge/spin transfer from the electron rich BDTA radical to the electron poor dichalcogenadiazolyl ring. The ability of the latter rings to form ChBs in the solid state has been examined by a comprehensive search in the CSD; several cases are used to exemplify the preferred geometric features of the complexes and they are compared with the theory. The molecular surface electrostatic potentials calculated for these ChB donors allow for a very precise rationalization of the self-assembly motifs most frequently adopted in the crystalline state and of their relative robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Jaume Adrover
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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5
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Mailman A, Robertson CM, Winter SM, Dube PA, Oakley RT. The Importance of Electronic Dimensionality in Multiorbital Radical Conductors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6495-6506. [PMID: 31021620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional performance of oxobenzene-bridged bis-1,2,3-dithiazolyls 6 as single-component neutral radical conductors arises from the presence of a low-lying π-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which reduces the potential barrier to charge transport and increases the kinetic stabilization energy of the metallic state. As part of ongoing efforts to modify the solid-state structures and transport properties of these so-called multiorbital materials, we report the preparation and characterization of the acetoxy, methoxy, and thiomethyl derivatives 6 (R = OAc, OMe, SMe). The crystal structures are based on ribbonlike arrays of radicals laced together by S···N' and S···O' secondary bonding interactions. The steric and electronic effects of the exocyclic ligands varies, affording one-dimensional (1D) π-stacked radicals for R = OAc, 1D cofacial dimer π-stacks for R = SMe, and a pseudo two-dimensional (2D) brick-wall arrangement for R = OMe. Variable-temperature magnetic and conductivity measurements reveal strong antiferromagnetic interactions and Mott insulating behavior for the two radical-based structures (R = OAc, OMe), with lower room-temperature conductivities (σRT ≈ 1 × 10-4 and ∼1 × 10-3 S cm-1, respectively) and higher thermal activation energies ( Eact = 0.24 and 0.21 eV, respectively) than found for the ideal 2D brick-wall structure of 6 (R = F), where σRT ≈ 1 × 10-2 S cm-1 and Eact = 0.10 eV. The performance of R = OMe, OAc relative to that of R = F, is consistent with the results of density functional theory band electronic structure calculations, which indicate a lower kinetic stabilization energy of the putative metallic state arising from their reduced electronic dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä , Finland.,Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Winter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Goethe-Universität , Frankfurt am Main 60438 , Germany
| | - Paul A Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
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6
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Taponen AI, Wong JWL, Lekin K, Assoud A, Robertson CM, Lahtinen M, Clérac R, Tuononen HM, Mailman A, Oakley RT. Non-Innocent Base Properties of 3- and 4-Pyridyl-dithia- and Diselenadiazolyl Radicals: The Effect of N-Methylation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13901-13911. [PMID: 30351085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anni I. Taponen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joanne W. L. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kristina Lekin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abdeljalil Assoud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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7
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Haynes DA, van Laeren LJ, Munro OQ. Cobalt Porphyrin–Thiazyl Radical Coordination Polymers: Toward Metal–Organic Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14620-14637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia A. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Laura J. van Laeren
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Orde Q. Munro
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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8
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Mailman A, Wong JWL, Winter SM, Claridge RCM, Robertson CM, Assoud A, Yong W, Steven E, Dube PA, Tse JS, Desgreniers S, Secco RA, Oakley RT. Fine Tuning the Performance of Multiorbital Radical Conductors by Substituent Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1625-1635. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mailman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joanne W. L. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stephen M. Winter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Abdeljalil Assoud
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wenjun Yong
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Eden Steven
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Paul A. Dube
- Brockhouse
Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - John S. Tse
- Department
of Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Serge Desgreniers
- Department
of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard A. Secco
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Zhang H, Dong H, Li Y, Jiang W, Zhen Y, Jiang L, Wang Z, Chen W, Wittmann A, Hu W. Novel Air Stable Organic Radical Semiconductor of Dimers of Dithienothiophene, Single Crystals, and Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7466-7471. [PMID: 27322939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Singly linked and vinyl-linked dimers of dithienothiophenes exhibit different electronic behaviors. Single crystals of the singly linked dimer show a high conductivity of 0.265 S cm(-1) , five orders of magnitude higher than that of the vinyl-linked dimer. The huge increase in the hole density of singly linked dimers results from the formation of radicals, which can be reversibly tuned by facile thermal de-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Angela Wittmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
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10
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Tian D, Winter SM, Mailman A, Wong JWL, Yong W, Yamaguchi H, Jia Y, Tse JS, Desgreniers S, Secco RA, Julian SR, Jin C, Mito M, Ohishi Y, Oakley RT. The metallic state in neutral radical conductors: dimensionality, pressure and multiple orbital effects. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14136-48. [PMID: 26513125 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced changes in the solid-state structures and transport properties of three oxobenzene-bridged bisdithiazolyl radicals 2 (R = H, F, Ph) over the range 0-15 GPa are described. All three materials experience compression of their π-stacked architecture, be it (i) 1D ABABAB π-stack (R = Ph), (ii) quasi-1D slipped π-stack (R = H), or (iii) 2D brick-wall π-stack (R = F). While R = H undergoes two structural phase transitions, neither of R = F, Ph display any phase change. All three radicals order as spin-canted antiferromagnets, but spin-canted ordering is lost at pressures <1.5 GPa. At room temperature, their electrical conductivity increases rapidly with pressure, and the thermal activation energy for conduction Eact is eliminated at pressures ranging from ∼3 GPa for R = F to ∼12 GPa for R = Ph, heralding formation of a highly correlated (or bad) metallic state. For R = F, H the pressure-induced Mott insulator to metal conversion has been tracked by measurements of optical conductivity at ambient temperature and electrical resistivity at low temperature. For R = F compression to 6.2 GPa leads to a quasiquadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity over the range 5-300 K, consistent with formation of a 2D Fermi liquid state. DFT band structure calculations suggest that the ease of metallization of these radicals can be ascribed to their multiorbital character. Mixing and overlap of SOMO- and LUMO-based bands affords an increased kinetic energy stabilization of the metallic state relative to a single SOMO-based band system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - Stephen M Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joanne W L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wenjun Yong
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology , Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yating Jia
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, China
| | - John S Tse
- Department of Physics, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Serge Desgreniers
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard A Secco
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephen R Julian
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Changqing Jin
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Masaki Mito
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology , Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohishi
- Materials Science Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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11
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Awaga K, Nomura K, Kishida H, Fujita W, Yoshikawa H, Matsushita MM, Hu L, Shuku Y, Suizu R. Electron-Transfer Processes in Highly-Correlated Electron Systems of Thiazyl Radicals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Awaga
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- CREST, Nagoya University
| | - Kenji Nomura
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Hideo Kishida
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Michio M. Matsushita
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Laigui Hu
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Yoshiaki Shuku
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Rie Suizu
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
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12
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Wong JWL, Mailman A, Lekin K, Winter SM, Yong W, Zhao J, Garimella SV, Tse JS, Secco RA, Desgreniers S, Ohishi Y, Borondics F, Oakley RT. Pressure Induced Phase Transitions and Metallization of a Neutral Radical Conductor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1070-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne W. L. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kristina Lekin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stephen M. Winter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wenjun Yong
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jianbao Zhao
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Subrahmanyam V. Garimella
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - John S. Tse
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Richard A. Secco
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Serge Desgreniers
- Department
of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yasuo Ohishi
- Materials
Science Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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13
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Mailman A, Winter SM, Yu X, Robertson CM, Yong W, Tse JS, Secco RA, Liu Z, Dube PA, Howard JAK, Oakley RT. Crossing the Insulator-to-Metal Barrier with a Thiazyl Radical Conductor. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303169y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stephen M. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Wenjun Yong
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John S. Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Richard A. Secco
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhenxian Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch
Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Paul A. Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | | | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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Yu X, Mailman A, Lekin K, Assoud A, Robertson CM, Noll BC, Campana CF, Howard JAK, Dube PA, Oakley RT. Semiquinone-Bridged Bisdithiazolyl Radicals as Neutral Radical Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2264-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209841z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L
3G1
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L
3G1
| | - Kristina Lekin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L
3G1
| | - Abdeljalil Assoud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L
3G1
| | | | - Bruce C. Noll
- Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | | | - Paul A. Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials
Research, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L
3G1
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Bag P, Itkis ME, Pal SK, Donnadieu B, Tham FS, Park H, Schlueter JA, Siegrist T, Haddon RC. Resonating Valence Bond and σ-Charge Density Wave Phases in a Benzannulated Phenalenyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2684-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Bag
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Mikhail E. Itkis
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Sushanta K. Pal
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Fook S. Tham
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Hyunsoo Park
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - John A. Schlueter
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Theo Siegrist
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Robert C. Haddon
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Materials Science Division, Building 200, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
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Decken A, Cameron TS, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM, Reed RW, Shuvaev KV, Thompson LK. Characterization of the Diradical •NSNSC−CNSSN• and [NSNSC−CNSSN][MF6]n (n = 1, 2). The First Observation of an Excited Triplet State in Dimers of 7π −CNSSN• Radicals. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7436-57. [PMID: 17665904 DOI: 10.1021/ic700638n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preparation and full characterization of the main-group diradical *NSNSC-CNSSN*, 8, the MF6- salt (As, Sb) of radical cation +NSNSC-CNSSN*, 8*+, and the AsF6- salt of the dication +NSNSC-CNSSN+, 82+, are presented. 8, a=6.717 (4), b=11.701(2), c=8.269(3) A, alpha=gamma=90, beta=106.69(3) degrees, monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z=4, T=203 K; 8SbF6, a=6.523(2), b=7.780(2), c=12.012(4) A, alpha=91.994(4), beta=96.716(4), gamma=09.177(4) degrees, triclinic, space group P, Z=2, T=198 K; 8[AsF6]2, a=12.7919(14), b=9.5760(11), c=18.532(2) A, alpha=gamma=90, beta=104.034(2) degrees, monoclinic, space group Pn, Z=6, T=198 K. Preparation of 8MF6 was carried out via a reduction of [CNSNS]2[MF6]2 (M=As, Sb) with either ferrocene or a SbPh3-NBu4Cl mixture. In the solid state, diamagnetic 8SbF6 contains centrosymmetric dimers [8*+]2 linked via two-electron four-centered pi*-pi* interactions with a thermally excited triplet state as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). This is the first observation of a triplet excited state for a 7pi 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radical dimer. The singlet-triplet gap of the [-CNSSN*]2 radical pair was -1800+/-100 cm(-1) (-22+/-1 kJ/mol) with the ZFS components |D|=0.0267(6) cm(-1) and |E|=0.0012(1) cm(-1), corresponding to an in situ dimerization energy of ca. -11 kJ/mol. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of 8[AsF6]2 showed two reversible waves associated with a stepwise reduction of the two isomeric rings [E1/2 (+2/+1)=1.03 V; E1/2 (+1/0)=0.47 V, respectively]. 8MF6 (M=As, Sb) was further reduced to afford the mixed main-group diradical 8, containing two isomeric radical rings. In solution, 8 is thermodynamically unstable with respect to *NSSNC-CNSSN*, but is isolable in the solid state because of its low solubility in SO2. Likewise, 8SbF6, 8 is dimeric, with pi*-pi* interactions between different isomeric rings, and consequently diamagnetic; however, a slight increase in paramagnetism was observed upon grinding [from C=6.5(3)x10(-4) emu.K/mol and temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP)=1.3(1)x10(-4) emu/mol to C=3.2(1)x10(-3) emu.K/mol and TIP=9.0(1)x10(-4) emu/mol], accompanied by an increase in the lattice-defect S=1/2 sites [from 0.087(1) to 0.43(1)%]. Computational analysis using the multiconfigurational approach [CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G*] indicated that the two-electron multicentered pi*-pi* bonds in [8*+]2 and [8]2 have substantial diradical characters, implying that their ground states are diradicaloid in nature. Our results suggest that the electronic structure of organic-radical ion pairs, for example, [TTF*+]2, [TCNE*-]2, [TCNQ*-]2, [DDQ*-]2, and related pi dimers, can be described in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 6E2, Canada
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17
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Alberola A, Collis RJ, Less RJ, Rawson JM. New synthetic pathways into dithiazolyl radicals: Preparation and characterisation of 3′-methyl-benzo-1,3,2-dithiazolyl, M’BDTA. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Nakatsuji S, Mizumoto M, Takai A, Akutsu H, Yamada JI, Kawamura H, Schmitt S, Hafner K. Novel CT Complexes Derived from 4-Alkylamino-TEMPO and 2,4,6,8-Tetracyanoazulene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008024790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin'Ichi Nakatsuji
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Masako Mizumoto
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akutsu
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Haruki Kawamura
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678–1297, Japan
| | - Stefan Schmitt
- Institute für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 22, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus Hafner
- Institute für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 22, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and magnetic ordering in the alternating stacking structure of (BDTA)[Ni(mnt)2]: Possible supramolecular superexchange mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Oakley RT, Reed RW, Robertson CM, Richardson JF. Naphthalene-1,2,3-Dithiazolyl and Its Selenium-Containing Variants. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:1837-45. [PMID: 15762710 DOI: 10.1021/ic048534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to salts of the 3H-naphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]dithiazolylium cation and its three selenium-containing variants (SSeN, SeSN, and SeSeN) are described. The most efficient and general method involves the intermediacy of bis-acetylated aminothiolates and aminoselenolates. These reagents react smoothly with sulfur and selenium halides to afford the desired ring closure products. Electrochemical reduction of the four cations indicates that corresponding radicals (SSN, SSeN, SeSN, and SeSeN) are stable in solution. The EPR spectra of all four have been recorded, and experimental spin distributions have been cross-matched with those obtained from DFT calculations. The selenium-containing radicals are thermally unstable at or slightly above room temperature, but the all-sulfur species has been isolated and characterized crystallographically. In the solid state, the radicals are associated into cofacial dimers which are closely linked to other dimers by intermolecular S---S, S---N, and C-H---aromatic ring interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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21
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Xie JQ, Cheng SQ, Jiang BY, Du J, Hu CW, Zeng XC. Metallomicelles made of dinuclear copper(II) complexes of oxamido-bridge as symmetric two-center catalysts of the cleavage of carboxylic acid esters. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Bond AD, Haynes DA, Pask CM, Rawson JM. Concomitant polymorphs: structural studies on the trimorphic dithiadiazolyl radical, ClCNSSN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b110922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Kaszynski P. Theoretical Analysis of Heteroaromatic Thioaminyl Radicals. Part 1: A Comparison of Ab Initio and Density Functional Methods in Calculations of Molecular Geometry and Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constants. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003459o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszynski
- Organic Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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24
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Kaszynski P. Theoretical Analysis of Heteroaromatic Thioaminyl Radicals. Part 2: A Comparison of Ab Initio and Density Functional Methods in the Description of Redox Processes. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszynski
- Organic Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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25
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Room-Temperature Magnetic Bistability in Organic Crystals: A Comparison with Spin Crossover Transitions. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.2001.9176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Fujita W, Awaga K. Ferromagnetic coordination polymer composed of heterocyclic thiazyl radical, 1,3,5-trithia-2,4,6-triazapentalenyl (TTTA), and Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II) (Cu(hfac)(2)). J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3601-2. [PMID: 11472135 DOI: 10.1021/ja002873z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barclay TM, Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Itkis ME, Oakley RT, Reed RW, Zhang H. Preparation and Characterization of a Neutral π-Radical Molecular Conductor. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983490s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Barclay
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M. E. Itkis
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - R. W. Reed
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - H. Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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30
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Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, Oakley RT, Vajda KE. Article. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v98-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroreduction of the 2,5-thiophene-bridged bis(1,2,3,5-diselenadiazolylium) salt [T-2,5-Se][SbF6]2 in acetonitrile, at a Pt wire and in the presence of iodine, affords a highly conductive ( sigma = 102 S cm-1 at 293 K) 1:1 charge-transfer (CT) salt [T-2,5-Se][I], the crystal structure of which has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Fm2m, a = 3.544(2), b = 10.9808(16), c = 31.464(5) Å , V = 1224.5(7) Å 3. The structure consists of perfectly superimposed pi -stacks of molecular units bridged by columns of disordered iodines. This packing motif is similar to that of the related 1,3-benzene-bridged derivative [1,3-Se][I], but the lateral intermolecular Se···Se interactions linking adjacent pi -stacks are considerably shorter, indicative of a more isotropic electronic structure for [T-2,5-Se][I]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on [T-2,5-Se][I] nonetheless indicate a phase transition to a diamagnetic state near 200 K, behaviour similar to that observed for [1,3-Se][I]. The electronic structures and transport properties of the two compounds are discussed in the light of extended Hückel band-structure calculations.Key words: diselenadiazolyl, diradical, charge-transfer salt, magnetic susceptibility, crystal structure.
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Beekman RA, Boeré RT, Moock KH, Parvez M. Synthesis, electrochemistry, structure, and magnetic susceptibility of 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis- (1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl)benzene. Structural effect of the bulky substituent. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v97-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound was determined at 250 K in space group I 4 bar 2m, a = 20.661(5) Å , c = 6.764(7) Å , Z = 8. The individual dithiadiazole rings form two sets of contrarotatory 4-member pinwheels clustered around a 4-fold rotation-inversion axis located halfway along the unit cell edges, describing an infinite channel lined with sulfur atoms but in which there are short intra-stack contacts through only one S atom of each CN2S2 group. The double-layer stacking occurs in order to accommodate the bulk of the tBu group, and the spacing between layers is very regular, with short and long S cdot cdot cdot S contacts of 3.48(2) and 3.61(2) Å and considerable thermal motion in the c direction. The title compound and its SbF6- salt are oxidized at + 0.81 V (in CH2Cl2) and at + 0.61 V (in CH3CN), while a reduction process is observed only in CH2Cl2 at -0.73 V vs. SCE. Magnetic susceptibility data between 5 and 400 K demonstrate at very low temperature that the sample follows the Curie-Weiss law, θ = 0 K, and χ 0= -156 ppm emu mol-1. The free-spin concentration at T = 0 K is approx 1.3%, due to paramagnetic defects in an essentially diamagnetic structure. The diamagnetism starts to lift above 210 K; above 260 K, a strong antiferromagnetic exchange is operative. These results are consistent with the lifting of the Peierls distortion in this structure, starting above approx 200 K. The crystal structure of the parent diamidine 5-tert-butyl-1,3-[(Me3Si)2NCNSiMe3]2C6H3 was determined in C2/c with a = 10.0788(3), b = 21.328(5), c = 20.876(5) Å , β = 99.41(2)°, Z = 4. The two amidine functional groups are equivalent by crystal symmetry.Key words: dithiadiazole, diradical, magnetic susceptibility, crystal structure, bulky substituent.
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32
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Barclay TM, Cordes AW, George NA, Haddon RC, Itkis ME, Mashuta MS, Oakley RT, Patenaude GW, Reed RW, Richardson JF, Zhang H. Redox, Magnetic, and Structural Properties of 1,3,2-Dithiazolyl Radicals. A Case Study on the Ternary Heterocycle S3N5C4. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Barclay
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - N. A. George
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - M. E. Itkis
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - M. S. Mashuta
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - G. W. Patenaude
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - R. W. Reed
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - J. F. Richardson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - H. Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
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Barclay TM, Cordes AW, de Laat RH, Goddard JD, Haddon RC, Jeter DY, Mawhinney RC, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Patenaude GW, Reed RW, Westwood NPC. The Heterocyclic Diradical Benzo-1,2:4,5-bis(1,3,2-dithiazolyl). Electronic, Molecular and Solid State Structure. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9636294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Barclay
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. H. de Laat
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - J. D. Goddard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - D. Y. Jeter
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. C. Mawhinney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - G. W. Patenaude
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. W. Reed
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - N. P. C. Westwood
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
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Dolbecq A, Fourmigué M, Krebs FC, Batail P, Canadell E, Clérac R, Coulon C. Me3TTF–PO3H2, a Redox Phosphonic Acid and Its Monoanilinium Salt [PhNH+3][Me3TTF–PO(OH)O-], the Electrocrystallized Neutral (Zwitterionic) π Radical [Me3TTF–PO(OH)O-]·+, and Their Associated Lamellar Constructions in the Solid State. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960021015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Campbell J, Klapstein D, Bernath PF, Davis WM, Oakley RT, Goddard JD. Electronic Excitation of the 1,2,3,5-Dithiadiazolyl Radical. A Spectroscopic and Theoretical Analysis. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:4264-4266. [PMID: 11666638 DOI: 10.1021/ic951512v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Campbell
- The Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Waterloo Campus, Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, and Guelph Campus, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bryan CD, Cordes AW, Goddard JD, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, MacKinnon CD, Mawhinney RC, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Perel AS. Preparation and Characterization of the Disjoint Diradical 4,4‘-Bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl) [S2N2C−CN2S2] and Its Iodine Charge Transfer Salt [S2N2C−CN2S2][I]. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952144x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Bryan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - J. D. Goddard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. G. Hicks
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - C. D. MacKinnon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. C. Mawhinney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - A. S. Perel
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
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