1
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Tarai A, Mallick J, Singh P, Conradie J, Kar S, Ghosh A. Free-Base Corrole Anion. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13022-13029. [PMID: 37647416 PMCID: PMC10763984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Free-base corroles have long been known to be acidic, readily undergoing deprotonation by mild bases and in polar solvents. The conjugate base, however, has not been structurally characterized until now. Presented here is a first crystal structure of a free-base corrole anion, derived from tris(p-cyanophenyl)corrole, as the tetrabuylammonium salt. The low-temperature (100 K) structure reveals localized hydrogens on a pair of opposite pyrrole nitrogens. DFT calculations identify such a structure as the global minimum but also point to two cis tautomers only 4-7 kcal/mol above the ground state. In terms of free energy, however, the cis tautomers are above or essentially flush with the trans-to-cis barrier so the cis tautomers are unlikely to exist or be observed as true intermediates. Thus, the hydrogen bond within each dipyrrin unit on either side of the molecular pseudo-C2 axis through C10 (i.e., between pyrrole rings A and B or between C and D) qualifies as or closely approaches a low-barrier hydrogen bond. Proton migration across the pseudo-C2 axis entails much higher activation energies >20 kcal/mol, reflecting the relative rigidity of the molecule along the C1-C19 pyrrole-pyrrole linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Tarai
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jyotiprakash Mallick
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Pranjali Singh
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic
of South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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2
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Ishizuka T, Sakashita R, Iwanaga O, Morimoto T, Mori S, Ishida M, Toganoh M, Takegoshi K, Osuka A, Furuta H. NH Tautomerism of N-Confused Porphyrin: Solvent/Substituent Effects and Isomerization Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5756-5769. [PMID: 32559101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substituents and solvents on the NH tautomerism of N-confused porphyrin (2) were investigated. The structures, electronic states, and aromaticity of NH tautomers (2-2H and 2-3H) were studied by absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 15N) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations. The relative stability of the tautomers is highly affected by solvents, with the 3H-type tautomer being more stable in nonpolar solvents, while the 2H-type tautomer being highly stabilized in polar solvents with high donor numbers such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, and acetone. Electron-withdrawing groups on the meso-aryl substituents as well as the methyl group at the ortho position also stabilize the 2H-type tautomer. Kinetically, the tautomerism rate is significantly influenced by solvent and concentration, and a particularly large activation entropy (ΔS⧧) is obtained in pyridine. The first-order deuterium isotope effect on the reaction rates of NH tautomerism (kH/kD) is determined to be 2.4 at 298 K. On the basis of kinetic data, the mechanism of isomerization is identified as an intramolecular process, including the rotation of the confused pyrrole in pyridine/chloroform and DMF/chloroform mixed solvent systems, and as a pyridine-mediated process in pyridine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takegoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. NH Tautomerism of a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin: Rigid Fused Structure Delays the Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:316-327. [PMID: 29224345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein NH tautomerism of a freebase derivative of a quadruply fused porphyrin (H2QFP-Mes, 3), which has one mesityl group at one of the β-positions of the nonfused pyrroles to lower the structural symmetry, allowing us to observe the NH tautomerism with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3 was revealed to have the two inner NH protons on the two nonfused pyrroles, and the NH tautomerism of 3 was evidenced by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments in various deuterated solvents. The VT-NMR studies revealed that the activation barrier for the NH tautomerism of 3 was larger than that of tetraphenylporphyrin. The positive activation entropy (ΔS‡ = 89 J mol-1 K-1), determined for the NH tautomerism, can be explained by dissociation of the π-π stacked dimer structure of 3 in the ground state, as evidenced by the crystal structure and NMR measurements. On the basis of the kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations, the stability of intermediates in the NH tautomerism of 3 and the transition states have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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4
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Song C, Velazquez Escobar F, Xu XL, Narikawa R, Ikeuchi M, Siebert F, Gärtner W, Matysik J, Hildebrandt P. A Red/Green Cyanobacteriochrome Sustains Its Color Despite a Change in the Bilin Chromophore’s Protonation State. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5839-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Song
- Leids
Instituut voor Chemisch Onderzoek, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisco Velazquez Escobar
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiu-Ling Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rei Narikawa
- Department
of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department
of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Department
of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Friedrich Siebert
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Schlabach M, Wehrle B, Rumpel H, Braun J, Scherer G, Limbach HH. NMR and NIR Studies of the Tautomerism of 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin including Kinetic HH/HD/DD Isotope and Solid State Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19920960616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Meschede L, Gerritzen D, Limbach HH. Dynamic NMR Study of the Interference between Cyclic Proton Exchange, Selfassociation and Hindered Rotation of Diphenylformamidine in Tetrahydrofuran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.198800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Wehrie B, Limbach HH, Zimmermann H. Variable Temperature15N CPMAS NMR Studies of Dye Tautomerism in Crystalline and Amorphous Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19870910923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Tomé AC, Silva AM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Atropisomerism and conformational aspects of meso-tetraarylporphyrins and related compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611002994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive description of the atropisomerism of meso-di- and tetraarylporphyrins with substituents in ortho-positions of the aryl ring, as well as in corroles and in conveniently substituted phthalocyanines. Different methods of study were examined: X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy (both static and dynamic aspects), classical kinetics, HPLC and theoretical calculations. Then the four atropisomers, the tautomerism of the inner protons, the 'picket fence' concept, conformationally restricted meso-tetraarylporphyrins and the influence of the metal on the conformation were discussed based on 250 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C. Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M.S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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9
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MAITY DILIPK, TRUONG THANHN. Status of theoretical modeling of tautomerization in free-base porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We provide a review on the status of theoretical modeling of tautomerization in free-base porphyrin. We focus our discussion on several aspects, namely: (1) potential surfaces for both the stepwise and concerted mechanisms calculated at different levels of theory, (2) solvent effects and (3) kinetics. The importance of quantum mechanical tunneling in this double hydrogen atoms transfer process is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- DILIP K. MAITY
- Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - THANH N. TRUONG
- Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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10
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Inukai M, Horike S, Umeyama D, Hijikata Y, Kitagawa S. Investigation of post-grafted groups of a porous coordination polymer and its proton conduction behavior. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13261-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Sarkar R, Concistrè M, Johannessen OG, Beckett P, Denning M, Carravetta M, Al-Mosawi M, Beduz C, Yang Y, Levitt MH. An NMR thermometer for cryogenic magic-angle spinning NMR: the spin-lattice relaxation of (127)I in cesium iodide. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 212:460-463. [PMID: 21906982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate temperature measurement of solid samples under magic-angle spinning (MAS) is difficult in the cryogenic regime. It has been demonstrated by Thurber et al. (J. Magn. Reson., 196 (2009) 84-87) [10] that the temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation time constant of (79)Br in KBr powder can be useful for measuring sample temperature under MAS over a wide temperature range (20-296 K). However the value of T(1) exceeds 3 min at temperatures below 20K, which is inconveniently long. In this communication, we show that the spin-lattice relaxation time constant of (127)I in CsI powder can be used to accurately measure sample temperature under MAS within a reasonable experimental time down to 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman Sarkar
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Machiguchi T, Hasegawa T, Saitoh H, Yamabe S, Yamazaki S. Solid-State Thiotropolone: An Extremely Rapid Intramolecular Proton Transfer. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5457-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2005796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hideki Saitoh
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamabe
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
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13
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Aguilar-Parrilla F, Limbach HH, Klein O, Elguero J. A dynamic 15N NMR study of kinetic hydrogen/deuterium isotope and tunnel effects on the triple proton transfer in crystalline 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Otting G, Rumpel H, Meschede L, Scherer G, Limbach HH. Dynamic Liquid State NMR and IR Study of Tautomerism and Conformations of Tetraphenyloxalamidine, a Novel Small Intramolecular Double Hydrogen Transfer System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19860901204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Mukano Y, Momochi M, Takanashi Y, Suzuki M, Wakabayashi H, Teramae H, Kobayashi K. Imino–enamine tautomerism and dynamic prototropy in 1-imino-3-amino-1H-indens. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Ermilov EA, Büge B, Jasinski S, Jux N, Röder B. Spectroscopic study of NH-tautomerism in novel cycloketo-tetraphenylporphyrins. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:134509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3098316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Rocha J, Kolodziejski W, Cavaleiro JAS, Klinowski J. A High-Resolution 13C Solid-State NMR Study of meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin and its Zinc(II) Complex. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979209409192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Rocha
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Waclaw Kolodziejski
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
| | | | - Jacek Klinowski
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
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18
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Thurber KR, Tycko R. Measurement of sample temperatures under magic-angle spinning from the chemical shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate of 79Br in KBr powder. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 196:84-7. [PMID: 18930418 PMCID: PMC2632797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of sample temperatures in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with magic-angle spinning (MAS) can be problematic, particularly because frictional heating and heating by radio-frequency irradiation can make the internal sample temperature significantly different from the temperature outside the MAS rotor. This paper demonstrates the use of (79)Br chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation rates in KBr powder as temperature-dependent parameters for the determination of internal sample temperatures. Advantages of this method include high signal-to-noise, proximity of the (79)Br NMR frequency to that of (13)C, applicability from 20 K to 320 K or higher, and simultaneity with adjustment of the MAS axis direction. We show that spin-lattice relaxation in KBr is driven by a quadrupolar mechanism. We demonstrate a simple approach to including KBr powder in hydrated samples, such as biological membrane samples, hydrated amyloid fibrils, and hydrated microcrystalline proteins, that allows direct assessment of the effects of frictional and radio-frequency heating under experimentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Tycko
- corresponding author: Dr. Robert Tycko, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room 112, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520. phone: 301-402-8272. fax: 301-496-0825. e-mail:
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19
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Lopez del Amo JM, Langer U, Torres V, Buntkowsky G, Vieth HM, Pérez-Torralba M, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Elguero J, Limbach HH. NMR studies of ultrafast intramolecular proton tautomerism in crystalline and amorphous n,n'-diphenyl-6-aminofulvene-1-aldimine: solid-state, kinetic isotope, and tunneling effects. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8620-32. [PMID: 18597427 DOI: 10.1021/ja801506n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we have detected and characterized ultrafast intramolecular proton tautomerism in the N-H-N hydrogen bonds of solid N, N'-diphenyl-6-aminofulvene-1-aldimine ( I) on the microsecond-to-picosecond time scale. (15)N cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR experiments using (1)H decoupling performed on polycrystalline I- (15)N 2 and the related compound N-phenyl- N'-(1,3,4-triazole)-6-aminofulvene-1-aldimine ( II) provided information about the thermodynamics of the tautomeric processes. We found that II forms only a single tautomer but that the gas-phase degeneracy of the two tautomers of I is lifted by solid-state interactions. Rate constants, including H/D kinetic isotope effects (KIEs), on the microsecond-to-picosecond time scale were obtained by measuring and analyzing the longitudinal (15)N and (2)H relaxation times of I- (15)N 2, I- (15)N 2- d 10, and I- (15)N 2- d 1 over a wide temperature range. In addition to the microcrystalline modification, a novel amorphous modification of I was found and studied. In this modification, proton transfer is much faster than in the crystalline form. For both modifications, we observed large H/D KIEs that were temperature-dependent at high temperatures and temperature-independent at low temperatures. These findings are interpreted in terms of a simple quasiclassical tunneling model proposed by Bell and modified by Limbach. We obtained evidence that a reorganization energy is necessary in order to compress the N-H-N hydrogen bond and achieve a molecular configuration in which the barrier for H transfer is reduced and tunneling or an over-barrier reaction can occur.
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20
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Ulijasz AT, Cornilescu G, von Stetten D, Kaminski S, Mroginski MA, Zhang J, Bhaya D, Hildebrandt P, Vierstra RD. Characterization of two thermostable cyanobacterial phytochromes reveals global movements in the chromophore-binding domain during photoconversion. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21251-66. [PMID: 18480055 PMCID: PMC3258942 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801592200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photointerconversion between the red light-absorbing (Pr) form and the far-red light-absorbing (Pfr) form is the central feature that allows members of the phytochrome (Phy) superfamily to act as reversible switches in light perception. Whereas the chromophore structure and surrounding binding pocket of Pr have been described, those for Pfr have remained enigmatic for various technical reasons. Here we describe a novel pair of Phys from two thermophilic cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. OS-A and OS-B', that overcome several of these limitations. Like other cyanobacterial Phys, SyA-Cph1 and SyB-Cph1 covalently bind the bilin phycocyanobilin via their cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenyl cyclase/FhlA (GAF) domains and then assume the photointerconvertible Pr and Pfr states with absorption maxima at 630 and 704 nm, respectively. However, they are naturally missing the N-terminal Per/Arndt/Sim domain common to others in the Phy superfamily. Importantly, truncations containing only the GAF domain are monomeric, photochromic, and remarkably thermostable. Resonance Raman and NMR spectroscopy show that all four pyrrole ring nitrogens of phycocyanobilin are protonated both as Pr and following red light irradiation, indicating that the GAF domain by itself can complete the Pr to Pfr photocycle. (1)H-(15)N two-dimensional NMR spectra of isotopically labeled preparations of the SyB-Cph1 GAF domain revealed that a number of amino acids change their environment during photoconversion of Pr to Pfr, which can be reversed by subsequent photoconversion back to Pr. Through three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy before and after light photoexcitation, it should now be possible to define the movements of the chromophore and binding pocket during photoconversion. We also generated a series of strongly red fluorescent derivatives of SyB-Cph1, which based on their small size and thermostability may be useful as cell biological reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Ulijasz
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - David von Stetten
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Steve Kaminski
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Devaki Bhaya
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Genetics and
National Magnetic Resonance Facility,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the
Technische Universität, D-10623
Berlin, Germany, and the Department of
Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California
94305
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21
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Wacker P, Dahms K, Senge MO, Kleinpeter E. Influence of the Core Conformation on the NH-Tautomerism in Porphyrins: A Study of meso-(1,3-Dithian-2-yl)porphyrins. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2182-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702443x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wacker
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany, and School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katja Dahms
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany, and School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany, and School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erich Kleinpeter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany, and School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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22
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Rohmer T, Strauss H, Hughes J, de Groot H, Gärtner W, Schmieder P, Matysik J. 15N MAS NMR studies of cph1 phytochrome: Chromophore dynamics and intramolecular signal transduction. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:20580-5. [PMID: 17034247 DOI: 10.1021/jp062454+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied for the first time to the photoreceptor phytochrome. The two stable states, Pr and Pfr, of the 59-kDa N-terminal module of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 containing a uniformly 15N-labeled phycocyanobilin cofactor are explored by 15N cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. As recently shown by 15N solution-state NMR using chemical shifts [Strauss, H. M.; Hughes, J.; Schmieder, P. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 8244], all four nitrogens are protonated in both states. CP/MAS NMR provides two additional independent lines of evidence for the protonation of the nitrogens. Apparent loss of mobility during photoactivation, indicated by the decrease of line width, demonstrates strong tension of the entire chromophore in the Pfr state, which is in clear contrast to a more relaxed Pr state. The outer rings (A and D) of the chromophore are significantly affected by the phototransformation, as indicated by both change of chemical shift and line width. On the other hand, on the inner rings (B and C) only minor changes of chemical shifts are detected, providing evidence for a conserved environment during phototransformation. In a mechanical model, the phototransformation is understood in terms of rotations between the A-B and C-D methine bridges, allowing for intramolecular signal transduction to the protein surface by a unit composed of the central rings B and C and its tightly linked protein surroundings during the highly energetic Pfr state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Rohmer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratoria, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Lopez JM, Männle F, Wawer I, Buntkowsky G, Limbach HH. NMR studies of double proton transfer in hydrogen bonded cyclic N,N'-diarylformamidine dimers: conformational control, kinetic HH/HD/DD isotope effects and tunneling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4498-513. [PMID: 17690775 DOI: 10.1039/b704384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using dynamic NMR spectroscopy, the kinetics of the degenerate double proton transfer in cyclic dimers of polycrystalline (15)N,(15)N'-di-(4-bromophenyl)-formamidine (DBrFA) have been studied including the kinetic HH/HD/DD isotope effects in a wide temperature range. This transfer is controlled by intermolecular interactions, which in turn are controlled by the molecular conformation and hence the molecular structure. At low temperatures, rate constants were determined by line shape analysis of (15)N NMR spectra obtained using cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS). At higher temperatures, in the microsecond time scale, rate constants and kinetic isotope effects were obtained by a combination of longitudinal (15)N and (2)H relaxation measurements. (15)N CPMAS line shape analysis was also employed to study the non-degenerate double proton transfer of polycrystalline (15)N,(15)N'-diphenyl-formamidine (DPFA). The kinetic results are in excellent agreement with the kinetics of DPFA and (15)N,(15)N'-di-(4-fluorophenyl)-formamidine (DFFA) studied previously for solutions in tetrahydrofuran. Two large HH/HD and HD/DD isotope effects are observed in the whole temperature range which indicates a concerted double proton transfer mechanism in the domain of the reaction energy surface. The Arrhenius curves are non-linear indicating a tunneling mechanism. Arrhenius curve simulations were performed using the Bell-Limbach tunneling model. The role of the phenyl group conformation and hydrogen bond compression on the barrier of the proton transfer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Lopez
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195, Berlin
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24
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Kuwahara D, Koyano H, Manaka T, Nakamura H, Mochida T, Sugawara T. Dynamics of 9-hydroxyphenalenone studied by one-dimensional solid-state spin exchange NMR. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:13731-5. [PMID: 17181328 DOI: 10.1021/jp065374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a new NMR method to clarify the dynamics of proton tautomerism in solid 9-hydroxyphenalenone. Two 13C resonance lines influenced by the proton tautomerism have a chemical-shift difference between them, which increases with decreasing temperature. To depict the precise potential curve of the proton tautomerism, the chemical-shift difference when the proton tautomerism is completely frozen is necessary. For solid 9-hydroxyphenalenone and its derivatives, the freezing temperatures are often under -100 degrees C. When the freezing temperatures are below the temperature range in which standard magic angle spinning NMR probes can perform a sample spinning, it is very difficult to obtain the shift difference. The NMR experiments based on this new method are performed at a temperature significantly higher than -100 degrees C at which the proton tautomerism is still active. The new method yields the 13C spin relaxation rates, the rates for the proton tautomerism, and the populations of the two tautomers. Using the populations and the 13C chemical-shift difference at that temperature, we determined the chemical-shift difference at the freezing temperature. We also obtained several parameters characterizing the potential profile for the proton dynamics in solid 9-hydroxyphenalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kuwahara
- The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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25
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Saini GSS. Resonance Raman study of free-base tetraphenylporphine and its dication. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 64:981-6. [PMID: 16458581 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectra of free-base tetraphenylporphine and its dication obtained with 441.6, 476.5, 488.0 and 514.5 nm excitation lines in the frequency region 100-1625 cm(-1) are reported. Some bands due to in-plane and out-of-plane vibrational modes, which are symmetry forbidden under ideal D(2h), are also seen in the Raman spectra of these molecules. These bands arise due to dynamic and/or static coupling of out-of-plane modes with the allowed in-plane modes. Dynamic coupling may be facilitated by the proton tunneling, while static coupling is due to out-of-plane distortion in the geometrical structure of the molecule. Shift in the positions for certain bands in the Raman spectra of dication are interpreted on the basis of electronic changes due to sharing of electrons of the B(1u) orbital by the two added protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S S Saini
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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26
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Verdal N, Kozlowski PM, Hudson BS. Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectra of Free Base and Zinc Porphines: A Comparison with DFT-Based Vibrational Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5724-33. [PMID: 16833905 DOI: 10.1021/jp0507795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of free base (FBP) and zinc (ZnP) porphines are presented and compared with the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP functional with 6-31G(d) or 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. To obtain quantitative agreement between experiment and theory, two different scaling techniques have been applied: a scaled quantum mechanical (DFT-SQM) force field was developed for B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations and the uniform frequency scaling technique (DFT-UFS) was applied to B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) results. The DFT-SQM calculations have been previously compared with IR and Raman spectra with good agreement, which allows for a nearly complete vibrational assignment. The results of the present study extend previous vibrational analysis to a higher level of reliability and complexity. The previous results are augmented by the comparison of calculated and observed INS intensities and the comparison of calculated modes with those observed in INS spectra but previously unobserved in optical spectra. Excellent agreement is acquired between the INS spectra and the results of both calculations, permitting a more detailed and reliable description of the vibrational properties of porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Verdal
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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27
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Sheth AR, Lubach JW, Munson EJ, Muller FX, Grant DJW. Mechanochromism of Piroxicam Accompanied by Intermolecular Proton Transfer Probed by Spectroscopic Methods and Solid-Phase Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:6641-51. [PMID: 15869285 DOI: 10.1021/ja045823t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural and solid-state changes of piroxicam in its crystalline form under mechanical stress were investigated using cryogenic grinding, powder X-ray diffractometry, diffuse-reflectance solid-state ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, variable-temperature solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and solid-state diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Crystalline piroxicam anhydrate exists as colorless single crystals irrespective of the polymorphic form and contains neutral piroxicam molecules. Under mechanical stress, these crystals become yellow amorphous piroxicam, which has a strong propensity to recrystallize to a colorless crystalline phase. The yellow color of amorphous piroxicam is attributed to charged piroxicam molecules. Variable-temperature solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy indicates that most of the amorphous piroxicam consists of neutral piroxicam molecules; the charged species comprise only about 8% of the amorphous phase. This ability to quantify the fractions of charged and neutral molecules of piroxicam in the amorphous phase highlights the unique capability of solid-state NMR to quantify mixtures in the absence of standards. Other compounds of piroxicam, which are yellow, are known to contain zwitterionic piroxicam molecules. The present work describes a system in which proton transfer accompanies both solid-state disorder and a change in color induced by mechanical stress, a phenomenon which may be termed mechanochromism of piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agam R Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0343, USA
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Claramunt R, Sanz D, Pérez-Torralba M, Pinilla E, Torres M, Elguero J. Solid-State Structure and Tautomerism of 2-Aminotroponimines Studied by X-ray Crystallography and Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Huang Y, Ma S. Mechanism of the inner hydrogen atom transfer in free base porphyrazine: a direct ab initio dynamics study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Casarini D, Lunazzi L, Mazzanti A, Mercandelli P, Sironi A. Conformational Studies by Dynamic NMR. 99.1 Experimental and Computed Determination of Rotation Barriers in the Crystalline State: The Case of Naphthylphenylsulfoxide. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3574-7. [PMID: 15132576 DOI: 10.1021/jo049843p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The (13)C NMR CP-MAS spectrum of 2-naphthylphenylsulfoxide in the solid state displays line broadening effects due to the restricted rotation about the Ph-S bond. Line shape simulation of the temperature-dependent traces allowed the corresponding barrier to be determined in the solids (14.7 kcal mol(-1)). By making use of the information obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction, this barrier could be satisfactorily reproduced by theoretical calculations (14.5 kcal mol(-1)) that take into account the correlated phenyl motion involving a large set of molecules in the crystalline state
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31
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Wang L, Chambron JC. Synthesis of a Macrobicycle Incorporating the Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligand. Org Lett 2004; 6:747-50. [PMID: 14986965 DOI: 10.1021/ol036408t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steric crowding of the 3-position of tris(pyrazolyl)borate and -methane ligands has produced tetrahedral metal complexes with controlled reactivity. As an alternative, we propose to incorporate the tris(pyrazolyl)methane chelate in a macrobicyclic structure in order to create a cavity with well-defined dimensions and shape. Acid-catalyzed equilibration of excess of the new pyrazole 3-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzenemethanethiol acetate with HC(3,5-Me(2)pz)(3) followed by hydrolysis affords a functionalized tris(pyrazolyl)methane, which reacts with 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene in K(2)CO(3)/DMF to give the title compound. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyong Wang
- Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Séparation et les Applications des Gaz (CNRS, UMR 5633), 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21100 Dijon, France
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Kidambi SS, Lee DK, Ramamoorthy A. Interaction of Cd and Zn with biologically important ligands characterized using solid-state NMR and ab initio calculations. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3142-51. [PMID: 12716214 DOI: 10.1021/ic026287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, coordination geometry and structure of metal binding sites in biologically relevant systems are studied using chemical shift parameters obtained from solid-state NMR experiments and quantum chemical calculations. It is also the first extensive report looking at metal-imidazole interaction in the solid state. The principal values of the (113)Cd chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor in crystalline cadmium histidinate and two different cadmium formates (hydrate and anhydrate) were experimentally measured to understand the effect of coordination number and geometry on (113)Cd CSA. Further, (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts have also been experimentally determined to examine the influence of cadmium on the chemical shifts of (15)N and (13)C nuclei present near the metal site in the cadmium-histidine complex. These values were then compared with the chemical shift values obtained from the isostructural bis(histidinato)zinc(II) complex as well as from the unbound histidine. The results show that the isotropic chemical shift values of the carboxyl carbons shift downfield and those of amino and imidazolic nitrogens shift upfield in the metal (Zn,Cd)-histidine complexes relative to the values of the unbound histidine sample. These shifts are in correspondence with the anticipated values based on the crystal structure. Ab initio calculations on the cadmium histidinate molecule show good agreement with the (113)Cd CSA tensors determined from solid-state NMR experiments on powder samples. (15)N chemical shifts for other model complexes, namely, zinc glycinate and zinc hexaimidazole chloride, are also considered to comprehend the effect of zinc binding on (15)N chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth S Kidambi
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Research Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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33
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Maity DK, Bell RL, Truong TN. Mechanism and Quantum Mechanical Tunneling Effects on Inner Hydrogen Atom Transfer in Free Base Porphyrin: A Direct ab Initio Dynamics Study. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9925094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Maity
- Contribution from the Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Robert L. Bell
- Contribution from the Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Thanh N. Truong
- Contribution from the Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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34
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Langer U, Hoelger C, Wehrle B, Latanowicz L, Vogel E, Limbach HH. 15N NMR study of proton localization and proton transfer thermodynamics and kinetics in polycrystalline porphycene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(200001)13:1<23::aid-poc211>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Friedrichsen W, Traulsen T, Elguero J, Katritzky AR. Tautomerism of Heterocycles: Five-Membered Rings with One Heteroatom. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(00)76004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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36
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Tautomerism involving other than five-and six-membered rings. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(00)77003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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37
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Conry RR, Ji G, Tipton AA. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(I) Complexes with a Fairly Bulky Tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate Ligand. Probing the Flexibility of the Metal-Containing Pocket Formed by the Ligand. Inorg Chem 1999; 38:906-913. [PMID: 11670862 DOI: 10.1021/ic980851w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four copper(I) tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate complexes are reported with the fairly bulky tris[3-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]hydroborate ligand (Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)). Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)Cu(CH(3)CN) (1) was synthesized from CuCl and Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)Li(CH(3)CN). The acetonitrile ligand in 1 was easily replaced by CO, PPh(3), and P(t)()Bu(3), forming Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)Cu(CO) (2), Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)Cu(PPh(3)) (3), and Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me)Cu(P(t)()Bu(3)) (4), respectively. Complexes 1-4 have been crystallographically characterized. 1.4CH(3)CN, 173 K: C(52)H(67)BCuN(11), triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 13.4201(10) Å, b= 15.132(2) Å, c = 15.2125(13) Å, alpha = 60.743(6) degrees, beta = 73.211(4) degrees, gamma = 74.839(5) degrees, Z = 2, R1 = 6.81% (wR2 = 18.91%). 2, 296 K: C(43)H(52)BCuN(6)O, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 25.592(4) Å, b = 12.434(2) Å, c = 28.044(3) Å, beta = 104.073(9) degrees, Z = 8, R1 = 7.47% (wR2 = 22.08%). 3.CH(2)Cl(2), 173 K: C(61)H(69)BCl(2)CuN(6)P, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a= 12.5080(13) Å, b = 15.159(3) Å, c = 17.151(2) Å, alpha = 64.271(10) degrees, beta = 79.073(7) degrees, gamma = 86.572(8) degrees, Z = 2, R1 = 5.13% (wR2 = 13.28%). 4.0.5 hexane, 298 K: C(57)H(86)BCuN(6)P, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 13.337(2) Å, b = 13.435(2) Å, c = 17.386(2) Å, alpha = 88.371(7) degrees, beta = 71.863(8) degrees, gamma = 80.223(9) degrees, Z = 2, R1 = 6.96% (wR2 = 18.62%). The Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me) ligands in 1, 2, and 3 bind in a tridentate fashion; the CH(3)CN and CO ligands fit comfortably within the pocket formed by the tert-butylphenyl substituents and the PPh(3) ligand interleaves between the pyrazole arms. The flexibility of the pocket was probed by calculating the area of the triangle created by connecting the midpoints of the 3-phenyl groups; this parameter increases by 15% for 3 (the largest) over 1 (the smallest). Thus, the pocket exhibits some flexibility, found to be due to both steric and electronic factors. Complex 4 features a bidentate Tp()t(Bu-)(Ph,Me) ligand as the P(t)()Bu(3) apparently exceeds the pocket's flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Conry
- Department of Chemistry/216, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557
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38
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Kozlowski PM, Wolinski K, Pulay P, Ye BH, Li XY. GIAO Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Tensors in Free Base Porphyrin and in Magnesium and Zinc Metalloporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9829288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Sugawara T, Takasu I. Tautomerism in the Solid State. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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40
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Frydman B, Fernandez CO, Vogel E. Variable-Temperature Solid-State 13C- and 15N-CPMAS NMR Analyses of Alkyl-Substituted Porphycenes. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9813437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frydman
- SLIL Biomedical Corporation, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and University of Cologne, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudio O. Fernandez
- SLIL Biomedical Corporation, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and University of Cologne, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emanuel Vogel
- SLIL Biomedical Corporation, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and University of Cologne, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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Fernandez CO, Kogan M, Valasinas A, Frydman B. Variable-Temperature Solid-State 15N Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Octamethylporphyrin. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio O. Fernandez
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Kogan
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldonia Valasinas
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Frydman
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Babushkina TA, Ponomarev GV. 1H NMR spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonds and mobile NH protons in aqueous solutions of porphyrin ions. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02290889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Valasinas A, Hurst J, Frydman B. Concerning the Synthesis of 3,7,13,17-Tetramethyl-5,15-diphenylporphyrin, a Sterically Hindered Porphyrin. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971807l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldonia Valasinas
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Hurst
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Frydman
- S'LIL Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 535 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-1066, and Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wu YD, Chan KWK, Yip CP, Vogel E, Plattner DA, Houk KN. Porphyrin Isomers: Geometry, Tautomerism, Geometrical Isomerism, and Stability. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971566h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kyle W. K. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Cong-Ping Yip
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Emanuel Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, D-50939, Köln, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Anulewicz R, Wawer I, Krygowski TM, Männle F, Limbach HH. Combined X-ray Diffraction and 15N CPMAS NMR Study of Molecular Structure and Proton Order/Disorder Phenomena in Cyclic N,N‘-Bisarylformamidine Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja970699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Anulewicz
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul.Pasteura 1, Pl-02093 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Pl-02097 Warsaw, Poland, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Wawer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul.Pasteura 1, Pl-02093 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Pl-02097 Warsaw, Poland, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Marek Krygowski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul.Pasteura 1, Pl-02093 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Pl-02097 Warsaw, Poland, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Männle
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul.Pasteura 1, Pl-02093 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Pl-02097 Warsaw, Poland, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul.Pasteura 1, Pl-02093 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Pl-02097 Warsaw, Poland, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Strohmeier M, Orendt AM, Facelli JC, Solum MS, Pugmire RJ, Parry RW, Grant DM. Solid State 15N and 13C NMR Study of Several Metal 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja970447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Strohmeier
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - Anita M. Orendt
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - Julio C. Facelli
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - Mark S. Solum
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - Ronald J. Pugmire
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - Robert W. Parry
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
| | - David M. Grant
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, and the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-1102
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Braun J, Schwesinger R, Williams PG, Morimoto H, Wemmer DE, Limbach HH. Kinetic H/D/T Isotope and Solid State Effects on the Tautomerism of the Conjugate Porphyrin Monoanion. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961313q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Braun
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Reinhard Schwesinger
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Philip G. Williams
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hiromi Morimoto
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David E. Wemmer
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Freien Universität, Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, the Institut für Organische Chemie, der Universität Freiburg i. Br., Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, F.R.G., and the National Tritium Labelling Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
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Porphyrins with four azole substituents in meso positions: X-ray crystal structure of Meso-tetrakis-(1-benzylpyrazol-4-yl)-porphyrin at 200 K. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Braun J, Hasenfratz C, Schwesinger R, Limbach HH. Die freie Porphyrinsäure und ihr konjugiertes Monoanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941062125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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