1
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Alanazi M, Yong J, Wu M, Zhang Z, Tian D, Zhang R. Recent Advances in Detection of Hydroxyl Radical by Responsive Fluorescence Nanoprobes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400105. [PMID: 38447112 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH), a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), is assumed as one of the most aggressive free radicals. This radical has a detrimental impact on cells as it can react with different biological substrates leading to pathophysiological disorders, including inflammation, mitochondrion dysfunction, and cancer. Quantification of this free radical in-situ plays critical roles in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various disorders, like macrophage polarization and tumor cell development. Luminescence analysis using responsive probes has been an emerging and reliable technique for in-situ detection of various cellular ROS, and some recently developed •OH responsive nanoprobes have confirmed the association with cancer development. This paper aims to summarize the recent advances in the characterization of •OH in living organisms using responsive nanoprobes, covering the production, the sources of •OH, and biological function, especially in the development of related diseases followed by the discussion of luminescence nanoprobes for •OH detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alanazi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Yong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dihua Tian
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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2
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Sarvar M, Shafaei Tonkaboni Z, Noaparast M, Badiei AR, Amiri A. Application of amino acids for gold leaching: Effective parameters and the role of amino acid structure. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2023; 391:136123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
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3
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Kielb PJ, Teutloff C, Bittl R, Gray HB, Winkler JR. Does Tyrosine Protect S. coelicolor Laccase from Oxidative Degradation or Act as an Extended Catalytic Site? J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7943-7949. [PMID: 36191240 PMCID: PMC10231039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the roles of tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) residues in the four-electron reduction of oxygen catalyzed by Streptomyces coelicolor laccase (SLAC). During normal enzymatic turnover in laccases, reducing equivalents are delivered to a type 1 Cu center (CuT1) and then are transferred over 13 Å to a trinuclear Cu site (TNC: (CuT3)2CuT2) where O2 reduction occurs. The TNC in SLAC is surrounded by a large cluster of Tyr and Trp residues that can provide reducing equivalents when the normal flow of electrons is disrupted. Prior studies by Canters and co-workers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131 (33), 11680-11682] have shown that when O2 reacts with a reduced SLAC variant lacking the CuT1 center, a Tyr108• radical near the TNC forms rapidly. We have found that the Tyr108• radical is reduced 10 times faster than CuT12+ by excess ascorbate, possibly because of radical transfer along Tyr/Trp chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja J. Kielb
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, United States
| | | | - Robert Bittl
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, United States
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, United States
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4
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Doyon TJ, Buller AR. Site-Selective Deuteration of Amino Acids through Dual-Protein Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7327-7336. [PMID: 35416652 PMCID: PMC10634506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Deuterated amino acids have been recognized for their utility in drug development, for facilitating nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and as probes for enzyme mechanism. Small molecule-based methods for the site-selective synthesis of deuterated amino acids typically involve de novo synthesis of the compound from deuterated precursors. In comparison, enzymatic methods for introducing deuterium offer improved efficiency, operating directly on free amino acids to achieve hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange. However, site selectivity remains a significant challenge for enzyme-mediated deuteration, limiting access to desirable deuteration motifs. Here, we use enzyme-catalyzed deuteration, combined with steady-state kinetic analysis and ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy to probe the mechanism of a two-protein system responsible for the biosynthesis of l-allo-Ile. We show that an aminotransferase (DsaD) can pair with a small partner protein (DsaE) to catalyze Cα and Cβ H/D exchange of amino acids, while reactions without DsaE lead exclusively to Cα-deuteration. With conditions for improved catalysis, we evaluate the substrate scope for Cα/Cβ-deuteration and demonstrate the utility of this system for preparative-scale, selective labeling of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Doyon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew R Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Bertran O, Martí D, Torras J, Turon P, Alemán C. Computer simulations on oxidative stress-induced reactions in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: a multi-scale approach. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3143-3155. [PMID: 35179698 PMCID: PMC8854484 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which occurs when an organism is exposed to an adverse stimulus that results in a misbalance of antioxidant and pro-oxidants species, is the common denominator of diseases considered as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 lethality. Indeed, reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress have been related to many virus pathogenicity. In this work, simulations have been performed on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to study what residues are more susceptible to be attacked by ·OH, which is one of the most reactive radicals associated to oxidative stress. The results indicate that isoleucine (ILE) probably plays a crucial role in modification processes driven by radicals. Accordingly, QM/MM-MD simulations have been conducted to study both the ·OH-mediated hydrogen abstraction of ILE residues and the induced modification of the resulting ILE radical through hydroxylation or nitrosylation reactions. All in all, in silico studies show the importance of the chemical environment triggered by oxidative stress on the modifications of the virus, which is expected to help for foreseeing the identification or development of antioxidants as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bertran
- Departament de Física EETAC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Esteve Terrades, 7, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain.
| | - Didac Martí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrasa 121, 08191, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Kristensen LG, Holton JM, Rad B, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Gupta S, Ralston CY. Hydroxyl radical mediated damage of proteins in low oxygen solution investigated using X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1333-1342. [PMID: 34475282 PMCID: PMC8415330 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521004744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the method of X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry (XFMS), proteins at micromolar concentration in solution are irradiated with a broadband X-ray source, and the resulting hydroxyl radical modifications are characterized using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine sites of solvent accessibility. These data are used to infer structural changes in proteins upon interaction with other proteins, folding, or ligand binding. XFMS is typically performed under aerobic conditions; dissolved molecular oxygen in solution is necessary in many, if not all, the hydroxyl radical modifications that are generally reported. In this study we investigated the result of X-ray induced modifications to three different proteins under aerobic versus low oxygen conditions, and correlated the extent of damage with dose calculations. We observed a concentration-dependent protecting effect at higher protein concentration for a given X-ray dose. For the typical doses used in XFMS experiments there was minimal X-ray induced aggregation and fragmentation, but for higher doses we observed formation of covalent higher molecular weight oligomers, as well as fragmentation, which was affected by the amount of dissolved oxygen in solution. The higher molecular weight products in the form of dimers, trimers, and tetramers were present in all sample preparations, and, upon X-ray irradiation, these oligomers became non-reducible as seen in SDS-PAGE. The results provide an important contribution to the large body of X-ray radiation damage literature in structural biology research, and will specifically help inform the future planning of XFMS, and well as X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line G Kristensen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James M Holton
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Behzad Rad
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Yuan Z, Liu X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Recent Advances in Rapid Synthesis of Non-proteinogenic Amino Acids from Proteinogenic Amino Acids Derivatives via Direct Photo-Mediated C-H Functionalization. Molecules 2020; 25:E5270. [PMID: 33198166 PMCID: PMC7696505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-proteinogenic amino acids have attracted tremendous interest for their essential applications in the realm of biology and chemistry. Recently, rising C-H functionalization has been considered an alternative powerful method for the direct synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids. Meanwhile, photochemistry has become popular for its predominant advantages of mild conditions and conservation of energy. Therefore, C-H functionalization and photochemistry have been merged to synthesize diverse non-proteinogenic amino acids in a mild and environmentally friendly way. In this review, the recent developments in the photo-mediated C-H functionalization of proteinogenic amino acids derivatives for the rapid synthesis of versatile non-proteinogenic amino acids are presented. Moreover, postulated mechanisms are also described wherever needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
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8
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Nathanael JG, White JM, Richter A, Nuske MR, Wille U. Oxidative damage of proline residues by nitrate radicals (NO 3˙): a kinetic and product study. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6949-6957. [PMID: 32936182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary amides, such as in N-acylated proline or N-methyl glycine residues, react rapidly with nitrate radicals (NO3˙) with absolute rate coefficients in the range of 4-7 × 108 M-1 s-1 in acetonitrile. The major pathway proceeds through oxidative electron transfer (ET) at nitrogen, whereas hydrogen abstraction is only a minor contributor under these conditions. However, steric hindrance at the amide, for example by alkyl side chains at the α-carbon, lowers the rate coefficient by up to 75%, indicating that NO3˙-induced oxidation of amide bonds proceeds through initial formation of a charge transfer complex. Furthermore, the rate of oxidative damage of proline and N-methyl glycine is significantly influenced by its position in a peptide. Thus, neighbouring peptide bonds, particularly in the N-direction, reduce the electron density at the tertiary amide, which slows down the rate of ET by up to one order of magnitude. The results from these model studies suggest that the susceptibility of proline residues in peptides to radical-induced oxidative damage should be considerably reduced, compared with the single amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joses G Nathanael
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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9
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Brands S, Schein P, Castro-Ochoa KF, Galinski EA. Hydroxyl radical scavenging of the compatible solute ectoine generates two N-acetimides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 674:108097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Liu XR, Zhang MM, Zhang B, Rempel DL, Gross ML. Hydroxyl-Radical Reaction Pathways for the Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins Platform As Revealed by 18O Isotopic Labeling. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9238-9245. [PMID: 31241913 PMCID: PMC6635036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fast photochemical oxidation of protein (FPOP) has become an important mass spectrometry-based protein footprinting approach. Although the hydroxyl radical (•OH) generated by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is most commonly used, the pathways for its reaction with amino-acid side chains remain unclear. Here, we report a systematic study of •OH oxidative modification of 13 amino acid residues by using 18O isotopic labeling. The results differentiate three classes of residues on the basis of their oxygen uptake preference toward different oxygen sources. Histidine, arginine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine residues preferentially take oxygen from H2O2. Methionine residues competitively take oxygen from H2O2 and dissolved oxygen (O2), whereas the remaining residues take oxygen exclusively from O2. Results reported in this work deepen the understanding of •OH labeling pathway on a FPOP platform, opening new possibilities for tailoring FPOP conditions in addressing many biological questions in a profound way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Roger Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United
States
| | - Mengru Mira Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United
States
| | - Bojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United
States
| | - Don L. Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United
States
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United
States
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11
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Ticconi B, Mazzonna M, Lanzalunga O, Lapi A. Oxidation of α-amino acids promoted by the phthalimide N-oxyl radical: A kinetic and product study. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Nathanael JG, Wille U. Oxidative Damage in Aliphatic Amino Acids and Di- and Tripeptides by the Environmental Free Radical Oxidant NO 3•: The Role of the Amide Bond Revealed by Kinetic and Computational Studies. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3405-3418. [PMID: 30742433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic and computational data reveal a complex behavior of the important environmental free radical oxidant NO3• in its reactions with aliphatic amino acids and di- and tripeptides, suggesting that attack at the amide N-H bond in the peptide backbone is a highly viable pathway, which proceeds through a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism with a rate coefficient of about 1 × 106 M-1 s-1 in acetonitrile. Similar rate coefficients were determined for hydrogen abstraction from the α-carbon and from tertiary C-H bonds in the side chain. The obtained rate coefficients for the reaction of NO3• with aliphatic di- and tripeptides suggest that attack occurs at all of these sites in each individual amino acid residue, which makes aliphatic peptide sequences highly vulnerable to NO3•-induced oxidative damage. No evidence for amide neighboring group effects, which have previously been found to facilitate radical-induced side-chain damage in phenylalanine, was found for the reaction of NO3• with side chains in aliphatic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joses G Nathanael
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute , The University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Road , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Uta Wille
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute , The University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Road , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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13
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Keshavarz F, Mazarei E. From Kinetics of OH Reaction with Glutamic Acid to Oxidative Damage to Proteins. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:429-442. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mazarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Ramis R, Casasnovas R, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Álvarez-Idaboy JR, Mora-Diez N. Modelling the repair of carbon-centred protein radicals by the antioxidants glutathione and Trolox. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05544k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GSH can repair carbon-centred protein radicals with rate constants in the diffusion limit, but Trolox repairs are much slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ramis
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - R. Casasnovas
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - J. Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - J. Frau
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | | | - N. Mora-Diez
- Thompson Rivers University
- Department of Chemistry
- Kamloops
- Canada
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15
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C-H 18 F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12733-12736. [PMID: 30086209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are often ideal ligands for diagnostic molecular imaging due to their ease of synthesis and tuneable targeting properties. However, labelling unmodified peptides with 18 F for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging presents a number of challenges. Here we show the combination of photoactivated sodium decatungstate and [18 F]-N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide effects site-selective 18 F-fluorination at the branched position in leucine residues in unprotected and unaltered peptides. This streamlined process provides a means to directly convert native peptides into PET imaging agents under mild aqueous conditions, enabling rapid discovery and development of peptide-based molecular imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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16
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C−H 18
F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Matthew B. Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED); Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Grenzacherstrasse 124 CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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17
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Ticconi B, Colcerasa A, Di Stefano S, Lanzalunga O, Lapi A, Mazzonna M, Olivo G. Oxidative functionalization of aliphatic and aromatic amino acid derivatives with H 2O 2 catalyzed by a nonheme imine based iron complex. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19144-19151. [PMID: 35539690 PMCID: PMC9080596 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of a series of N-acetyl amino acid methyl esters with H2O2 catalyzed by a very simple iminopyridine iron(ii) complex 1 easily obtainable in situ by self-assembly of 2-picolylaldehyde, 2-picolylamine, and Fe(OTf)2 was investigated. Oxidation of protected aliphatic amino acids occurs at the α-C–H bond exclusively (N-AcAlaOMe) or in competition with the side-chain functionalization (N-AcValOMe and N-AcLeuOMe). N-AcProOMe is smoothly and cleanly oxidized with high regioselectivity affording exclusively C-5 oxidation products. Remarkably, complex 1 is also able to catalyze the oxidation of the aromatic N-AcPheOMe. A marked preference for the aromatic ring hydroxylation over Cα–H and benzylic C–H oxidation was observed, leading to the clean formation of tyrosine and its phenolic isomers. Amino acid derivatives are oxidized by the 1/H2O2 system. A marked preference for the aromatic over Cα–H and benzylic C–H oxidation is observed with phenylalanine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ticconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Colcerasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Lapi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
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Liu S, Zhao J, Zhang K, Yang L, Sun M, Yu H, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang S. Dual-emissive fluorescence measurements of hydroxyl radicals using a coumarin-activated silica nanohybrid probe. Analyst 2017; 141:2296-302. [PMID: 26958658 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a novel dual-emissive fluorescent probe based on dye hybrid silica nanoparticles for ratiometric measurement of the hydroxyl radical (˙OH). In the probe sensing system, the blue emission of coumarin dye (coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, CCA) immobilized on the nanoparticle surface is selectively enhanced by ˙OH due to the formation of a coumarin hydroxylation product with strong fluorescence, whereas the emission of red fluorescent dye encapsulated in the silica nanoparticle is insensitive to ˙OH as a self-referencing signal, and so the probe provides a good quantitative analysis based on ratiometric fluorescence measurement with a detection limit of 1.65 μM. Moreover, the probe also shows high selectivity for ˙OH determination against metal ions, other reactive oxygen species and biological species. More importantly, it exhibits low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility in living cells, and has been successfully used for cellular imaging of ˙OH, showing its promising application for monitoring of intracellular ˙OH signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mingtai Sun
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yehan Yan
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. and State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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19
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Moore DR, Kotake Y, Huycke MM. Effects of Iron and Phytic Acid on Production of Extracellular Radicals by Enterococcus faecalis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:1186-95. [PMID: 15564446 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422901114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a human intestinal commensal that produces extracellular superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical while colonizing the intestinal tract. To determine whether dietary factors implicated in colorectal cancer affect oxidant production by E. faecalis, radicals were measured in rats colonized with this microorganism while on diets supplemented with iron or phytic acid. Hydroxyl radical activity was measured by assaying for aromatic hydroxylation products of D-phenylalanine using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. In vitro, as expected, iron enhanced, and phytic acid decreased, hydroxyl radical formation by E. faecalis. For rats colonized with E. faecalis given supplemental dietary iron (740 mg elemental iron as ferric phosphate per kg diet) or phytic acid (1.2% w/w), no differences were found in concentrations of urinary ortho- or meta- isomers of D-phenylalanine compared to rats on a basal diet. Aqueous radicals in colonic contents were further assessed ex vivo by electron spin resonance using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin trap. Mixtures of thiyl (sulfur-centered) and oxygen-centered radicals were detected across all diets. In vitro, similar spectra were observed when E. faecalis was incubated with hydrogen sulfide, air-oxidized cysteine, or an alkylsulfide, as typical sulfur-containing compounds that might occur in colonic contents. In conclusion, intestinal colonization with E. faecalis in a rat model generates both thiyl and oxygen-centered radicals in colonic contents. Radical formation, however, was not significantly altered by short-term dietary supplementation with iron or phytic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Moore
- The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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20
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Souici M, Khalil TT, Boulanouar O, Belafrites A, Mavon C, Fromm M. DNA strand break dependence on Tris and arginine scavenger concentrations under ultra-soft X-ray irradiation: the contribution of secondary arginine radicals. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:215-228. [PMID: 26994994 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a bench-top cold-cathode ultra-soft X-ray (USX) generator to expose aqueous DNA plasmid solutions to low-LET radiation under various scavenging conditions. Single- and double-strand breaks were assessed using classic gel electrophoresis quantification of linear, circular and supercoiled plasmid DNA topologies. With their very low penetration range in water, USX can only interact with matter up to short distances, of the order of 50 μm. We validated a stirring procedure which makes it possible to expose 100 µL of aqueous samples (2 mm thick). The scavenging of OH radicals by Tris buffer was studied at ambient temperature under aerobic conditions and compared to data gathered in the literature. A very good agreement was found with the rare data dealing with DNA plasmid exposed to Al Kα photons at low temperature (T ≤ 277 K), which therefore validated the experimental procedure. The yields for DNA single-strand breaks determined during this study enabled the ratio of indirect to direct effects to be determined at 96.2%, in good agreement with the value of 97.7% stemming from a study based on γ-ray irradiation of frozen solutions of plasmid DNA. Then, arginine was used both to create a "biological-like" chemical environment around the DNA plasmids and as an OH radical scavenger, in vitro. Although arginine has a greater scavenging (protecting) power than Tris, surprisingly, it led to higher rates of strand breakage. Based on the specific binding modes of arginine to DNA, we suggest that the side effects observed are due to the presence of arginine near to, but also inside, the DNA double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Souici
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Rayonnements et Applications, Université de Jijel, B.P. 98, 18000, Ouled Aissa, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Talat Tariq Khalil
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Omar Boulanouar
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Abdelfettah Belafrites
- Laboratoire de Physique des Rayonnements et Applications, Université de Jijel, B.P. 98, 18000, Ouled Aissa, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Christophe Mavon
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Michel Fromm
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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21
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Peng M, Yang X. Controlling diabetes by chromium complexes: The role of the ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 146:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Salamone M, Basili F, Bietti M. Reactivity and selectivity patterns in hydrogen atom transfer from amino acid C-H bonds to the cumyloxyl radical: polar effects as a rationale for the preferential reaction at proline residues. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3643-50. [PMID: 25774567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Absolute rate constants for hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the C-H bonds of N-Boc-protected amino acids to the cumyloxyl radical (CumO(•)) were measured by laser flash photolysis. With glycine, alanine, valine, norvaline, and tert-leucine, HAT occurs from the α-C-H bonds, and the stability of the α-carbon radical product plays a negligible role. With leucine, HAT from the α- and γ-C-H bonds was observed. The higher kH value measured for proline was explained in terms of polar effects, with HAT that predominantly occurs from the δ-C-H bonds, providing a rationale for the previous observation that proline residues represent favored HAT sites in the reactions of peptides and proteins with (•)OH. Preferential HAT from proline was also observed in the reactions of CumO(•) with the dipeptides N-BocProGlyOH and N-BocGlyGlyOH. The rate constants measured for CumO(•) were compared with the relative rates obtained previously for the corresponding reactions of different hydrogen-abstracting species. The behavior of CumO(•) falls between those observed for the highly reactive radicals Cl(•) and (•)OH and the significantly more stable Br(•). Taken together, these results provide a general framework for the description of the factors that govern reactivity and selectivity patterns in HAT reactions from amino acid C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Basili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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23
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Medina ME, Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Site reactivity in the free radicals induced damage to leucine residues: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4970-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05688d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of leucine with free radicals are kinetically controlled and are faster in hydrophilic than in hydrophobic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Medina
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D. F. 04510
- Mexico
| | - A. Galano
- Departamento de Química
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- México D. F. 09340
- Mexico
| | - J. R. Alvarez-Idaboy
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D. F. 04510
- Mexico
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24
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Castañeda-Arriaga R, Mora-Diez N, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Modelling the chemical repair of protein carbon-centered radicals formed via oxidative damage with dihydrolipoic acid. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoic acid repairs carbon-centred radicals at diffusion-controlled rates via HAT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México DF 04510
- México
| | | | - J. Raul Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México DF 04510
- México
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25
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Salamone M, Basili F, Mele R, Cianfanelli M, Bietti M. Reactions of the cumyloxyl radical with secondary amides. The influence of steric and stereoelectronic effects on the hydrogen atom transfer reactivity and selectivity. Org Lett 2014; 16:6444-7. [PMID: 25474754 DOI: 10.1021/ol503277r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A time-resolved kinetic study of the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions from secondary alkanamides to the cumyloxyl radical was carried out in acetonitrile. HAT predominantly occurs from the N-alkyl α-C-H bonds, and a >60-fold decrease in kH was observed by increasing the steric hindrance of the acyl and N-alkyl groups. The role of steric and stereoelectronic effects on the reactivity and selectivity is discussed in the framework of HAT reactions from peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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26
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He X, Zhang G, de la Cruz AA, O'Shea KE, Dionysiou DD. Degradation mechanism of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by hydroxyl radicals in homogeneous UV/H₂O₂ process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4495-4504. [PMID: 24625255 DOI: 10.1021/es403732s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a widely distributed and highly toxic cyanobacterial toxin (cyanotoxin), remains poorly elucidated. In this study, the mechanism of CYN destruction by UV-254 nm/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was investigated by mass spectrometry. Various byproducts identified indicated three common reaction pathways: hydroxyl addition (+16 Da), alcoholic oxidation or dehydrogenation (-2 Da), and elimination of sulfate (-80 Da). The initiation of the degradation was observed at the hydroxymethyl uracil and tricyclic guanidine groups; uracil moiety cleavage/fragmentation and further ring-opening of the alkaloid were also noted at an extended reaction time or higher UV fluence. The degradation rates of CYN decreased and less byproducts (species) were detected using natural water matrices; however, CYN was effectively eliminated under extended UV irradiation. This study demonstrates the efficiency of CYN degradation and provides a better understanding of the mechanism of CYN degradation by hydroxyl radical, a reactive oxygen species that can be generated by most AOPs and is present in natural water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012, United States
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27
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Signorelli S, Coitiño EL, Borsani O, Monza J. Molecular mechanisms for the reaction between (˙)OH radicals and proline: insights on the role as reactive oxygen species scavenger in plant stress. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:37-47. [PMID: 24328335 DOI: 10.1021/jp407773u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of proline (Pro) and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by plants exposed to stress is well-documented. In vitro assays show that enzyme inactivation by hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH) can be avoided in the presence of Pro, suggesting this amino acid might act as a (•)OH scavenger. Although production of hydroxyproline (Hyp) has been hypothesized in connection with such antioxidant activity, no evidence on the detailed mechanism of scavenging has been reported. To elucidate whether and how Hyp might be produced, we used density functional theory calculations coupled to a polarizable continuum model to explore 27 reaction channels including H-abstraction by (•)OH and (•)OH/H2O addition. The structure and energetics of stable species and transition states for each reaction channel were characterized at the PCM-(U)M06/6-31G(d,p) level in aqueous solution. Evidence is found for a main pathway in which Pro scavenges (•)OH by successive H-abstractions (ΔG(‡,298) = 4.1 and 7.5 kcal mol(-1)) to yield 3,4-Δ-Pro. A companion pathway with low barriers yielding Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is also supported, linking with 5-Hyp through hydration. However, this connection remains unlikely in stressed plants because P5C would be efficiently recycled to Pro (contributing to its accumulation) by P5C reductase, hypothesis coined here as the "Pro-Pro cycle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República , Av. E. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
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28
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Sakai H, Autin O, Parsons S. Change in haloacetic acid formation potential during UV and UV/H2O2 treatment of model organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:647-651. [PMID: 23415308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection by-products produced by the chlorination of organic matter, including amino acids. Advanced oxidation processes are expected to be effective for the destruction of HAA precursors; however, recent studies have reported the possible failure of these processes to reduce HAA formation potential. This study examined HAA formation potential during the course of UV or UV/H2O2 treatment of three organic compounds: leucine, serine, and resorcinol. HAA formation potential decreased in the treatment of resorcinol, while the potential increased slightly in the treatment of serine and greatly increased for leucine. The chemical structure required for HAA formation was assumed to be produced during the course of UV/H2O2 treatment of leucine and serine. Also, H abstraction from the δ carbon was assumed to result from the initial degradation of leucine by the hydroxyl radical during the UV/H2O2 treatment. The hydroxyl radical may have further reacted with leucine moiety to shorten its carbon chain. This would have produced a chemical structure capable of forming HAA, thus increasing HAA formation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Silva CJ, Dynin I, Erickson ML, Requena JR, Balachandran A, Hui C, Onisko BC, Carter JM. Oxidation of methionine 216 in sheep and elk prion protein is highly dependent upon the amino acid at position 218 but is not important for prion propagation. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2139-47. [PMID: 23458153 DOI: 10.1021/bi3016795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We employed a sensitive mass spectrometry-based method to deconstruct, confirm, and quantitate the prions present in elk naturally infected with chronic wasting disease and sheep naturally infected with scrapie. We used this approach to study the oxidation of a methionine at position 216 (Met216), because this oxidation (MetSO216) has been implicated in prion formation. Three polymorphisms (Ile218, Val218, and Thr218) of sheep recombinant prion protein were prepared. Our analysis showed the novel result that the proportion of MetSO216 was highly dependent upon the amino acid residue at position 218 (I > V > T), indicating that Ile218 in sheep and elk prion protein (PrP) renders the Met216 intrinsically more susceptible to oxidation than the Val218 or Thr218 analogue. We were able to quantitate the prions in the attomole range. The presence of prions was verified by the detection of two confirmatory peptides: GENFTETDIK (sheep and elk) and ESQAYYQR (sheep) or ESEAYYQR (elk). This approach required much smaller amounts of tissue (600 μg) than traditional methods of detection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis) (60 mg). In sheep and elk, a normal cellular prion protein containing MetSO216 is not actively recruited and converted to prions, although we observed that this Met216 is intrinsically more susceptible to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Silva
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
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Salamone M, DiLabio GA, Bietti M. Reactions of the cumyloxyl and benzyloxyl radicals with strong hydrogen bond acceptors. Large enhancements in hydrogen abstraction reactivity determined by substrate/radical hydrogen bonding. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10479-87. [PMID: 23153316 DOI: 10.1021/jo3019889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic study on hydrogen abstraction from strong hydrogen bond acceptors such as DMSO, HMPA, and tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO) by the cumyloxyl (CumO(•)) and benzyloxyl (BnO(•)) radicals was carried out in acetonitrile. The reactions with CumO(•) were described in terms of a direct hydrogen abstraction mechanism, in line with the kinetic deuterium isotope effects, k(H)/k(D), of 2.0 and 3.1 measured for reaction of this radical with DMSO/DMSO-d(6) and HMPA/HMPA-d(18). Very large increases in reactivity were observed on going from CumO(•) to BnO(•), as evidenced by k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios of 86, 4.8 × 10(3), and 1.6 × 10(4) for the reactions with HMPA, TBPO, and DMSO, respectively. The k(H)/k(D) of 0.91 and 1.0 measured for the reactions of BnO(•) with DMSO/DMSO-d(6) and HMPA/HMPA-d(18), together with the k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios, were explained on the basis of the formation of a hydrogen-bonded prereaction complex between the benzyloxyl α-C-H and the oxygen atom of the substrates followed by hydrogen abstraction. This is supported by theoretical calculations that show the formation of relatively strong prereaction complexes. These observations confirm that in alkoxyl radical reactions specific hydrogen bond interactions can dramatically influence the hydrogen abstraction reactivity, pointing toward the important role played by structural and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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Utrera M, Estévez M. Analysis of tryptophan oxidation by fluorescence spectroscopy: Effect of metal-catalyzed oxidation and selected phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Bekdeşer B, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel spectroscopic sensor for the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity measurement of biological samples. Talanta 2012; 99:689-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Raffy Q, Buisson DA, Cintrat JC, Rousseau B, Pin S, Renault JP. Carbon-centered radicals can transfer hydrogen atoms between amino acid side chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2960-3. [PMID: 22311744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Raffy
- Laboratoire de Radiolyse, IRAMIS et UMR3299 CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Raffy Q, Buisson DA, Cintrat JC, Rousseau B, Pin S, Renault JP. Carbon-Centered Radicals Can Transfer Hydrogen Atoms between Amino Acid Side Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Gómez GE, Mundo MR, Craig PO, Delfino JM. Probing protein surface with a solvent mimetic carbene coupled to detection by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:30-42. [PMID: 22006407 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Much knowledge into protein folding, ligand binding, and complex formation can be derived from the examination of the nature and size of the accessible surface area (SASA) of the polypeptide chain, a key parameter in protein science not directly measurable in an experimental fashion. To this end, an ideal chemical approach should aim at exerting solvent mimicry and achieving minimal selectivity to probe the protein surface regardless of its chemical nature. The choice of the photoreagent diazirine to fulfill these goals arises from its size comparable to water and from being a convenient source of the extremely reactive methylene carbene (:CH(2)). The ensuing methylation depends primarily on the solvent accessibility of the polypeptide chain, turning it into a valuable signal to address experimentally the measurement of SASA in proteins. The superb sensitivity and high resolution of modern mass spectrometry techniques allows us to derive a quantitative signal proportional to the extent of modification (EM) of the sample. Thus, diazirine labeling coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection can shed light on conformational features of the native as well as non-native states, not easily addressable by other methods. Enzymatic fragmentation of the polypeptide chain at the level of small peptides allows us to locate the covalent tag along the amino acid sequence, therefore enabling the construction of a map of solvent accessibility. Moreover, by subsequent MS/MS analysis of peptides, we demonstrate here the feasibility of attaining amino acid resolution in defining the target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Gómez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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O'Reilly RJ, Chan B, Taylor MS, Ivanic S, Bacskay GB, Easton CJ, Radom L. Hydrogen abstraction by chlorine atom from amino acids: remarkable influence of polar effects on regioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16553-9. [PMID: 21942745 DOI: 10.1021/ja205962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry computations have been used to investigate hydrogen-atom abstraction by chlorine atom from protonated and N-acetylated amino acids. The results are consistent with the decreased reactivity at the backbone α-carbon and adjacent side-chain positions that is observed experimentally. The individual effects of NH(3)(+), COOH, and NHAc substituents have been examined and reveal important insights. The NH(3)(+) group in isolation is found to be deactivating at the α-position, while the acetamido group is activating. For the COOH group, polar effects lead to a contrathermodynamic deactivation of the thermodynamically most favorable α-abstraction. In the N-acetylamino acid, the α-position is deactivated by the combined inductive effect of the substituents and the presence of an early transition structure, again overriding the greater thermodynamic stability of the α-centered radical product. Deactivation of the α-, β-, and γ-positions results in a peculiar stability for amino acids and peptides and their derivatives with respect to radical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J O'Reilly
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Salamone M, DiLabio GA, Bietti M. Hydrogen atom abstraction selectivity in the reactions of alkylamines with the benzyloxyl and cumyloxyl radicals. The importance of structure and of substrate radical hydrogen bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16625-34. [PMID: 21895002 DOI: 10.1021/ja206890y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A time-resolved kinetic study on the hydrogen abstraction reactions from a series of primary and secondary amines by the cumyloxyl (CumO(•)) and benzyloxyl (BnO(•)) radicals was carried out. The results were compared with those obtained previously for the corresponding reactions with tertiary amines. Very different hydrogen abstraction rate constants (k(H)) and intermolecular selectivities were observed for the reactions of the two radicals. With CumO(•), k(H) was observed to decrease on going from the tertiary to the secondary and primary amines. The lowest k(H) values were measured for the reactions with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) and tert-octylamine (TOA), substrates that can only undergo N-H abstraction. The opposite behavior was observed for the reactions of BnO(•), where the k(H) values increased in the order tertiary < secondary < primary. The k(H) values for the reactions of BnO(•) were in all cases significantly higher than those measured for the corresponding reactions of CumO(•), and no significant difference in reactivity was observed between structurally related substrates that could undergo exclusive α-C-H and N-H abstraction. This different behavior is evidenced by the k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios that range from 55-85 and 267-673 for secondary and primary alkylamines up to 1182 and 3388 for TMP and TOA. The reactions of CumO(•) were described in all cases as direct hydrogen atom abstractions. With BnO(•) the results were interpreted in terms of the rate-determining formation of a hydrogen-bonded prereaction complex between the radical α-C-H and the amine lone pair wherein hydrogen abstraction occurs. Steric effects and amine HBA ability play a major role, whereas the strength of the substrate α-C-H and N-H bonds involved appears to be relatively unimportant. The implications of these different mechanistic pictures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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Spasojević I, Bogdanović Pristov J, Vujisić L, Spasić M. The reaction of methionine with hydroxyl radical: reactive intermediates and methanethiol production. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2439-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pates GO, Guler L, Nash JJ, Kenttämaa HI. Reactivity and selectivity of charged phenyl radicals toward amino acids in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9331-42. [PMID: 21612203 PMCID: PMC3131205 DOI: 10.1021/ja111280t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of 10 charged phenyl radicals toward several amino acids was examined in the gas phase in a dual-cell Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. All radicals abstract a hydrogen atom from the amino acids, as expected. The most electrophilic radicals (with the greatest calculated vertical electron affinities (EA) at the radical site) also react with these amino acids via NH(2) abstraction (a nonradical nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction). Both the radical (hydrogen atom abstraction) and nonradical (NH(2) abstraction) reaction efficiencies were found to increase with the electrophilicity (EA) of the radical. However, NH(2) abstraction is more strongly influenced by EA. In contrast to an earlier report, the ionization energies of the amino acids do not appear to play a general reactivity-controlling role. Studies using several partially deuterium-labeled amino acids revealed that abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the α-carbon is only preferred for glycine; for the other amino acids, a hydrogen atom is preferentially abstracted from the side chain. The electrophilicity of the radicals does not appear to have a major influence on the site from which the hydrogen atom is abstracted. Hence, the regioselectivity of hydrogen atom abstraction appears to be independent of the structure of the radical but dependent on the structure of the amino acid. Surprisingly, abstraction of two hydrogen atoms was observed for the N-(3-nitro-5-dehydrophenyl)pyridinium radical, indicating that substituents on the radical not only influence the EA of the radical but also can be involved in the reaction. In disagreement with an earlier report, proline was found to display several unprecedented reaction pathways that likely do not proceed via a radical mechanism but rather by a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism. Both NH(2) and (15)NH(2) groups were abstracted from lysine labeled with (15)N on the side chain, indicating that NH(2) abstraction occurs both from the amino terminus and from the side chain. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to obtain insights into some of the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- George O. Pates
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Leonard Guler
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - John J. Nash
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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40
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Domingues P, Fonseca C, Reis A, Domingues MRM. Identification of isomeric spin adducts of Leu-Tyr and Tyr-Leu free radicals using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Conceição Fonseca
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - M. Rosário M. Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
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41
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Influence of amino acid relative position on the oxidative modification of histidine and glycine peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2779-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Scheiner S, Kar T. Analysis of the Reactivities of Protein C−H Bonds to H Atom Abstraction by OH Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16450-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105204v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tapas Kar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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43
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Fu M, Li S, Archibold E, Yurkovich MJ, Nash JJ, Kenttämaa HI. Reactions of an aromatic σ,σ-biradical with amino acids and dipeptides in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1737-1752. [PMID: 20705478 PMCID: PMC3014259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactivity of a positively charged aromatic σ,σ-biradical (N-methyl-6,8-didehydroquinolinium) was examined toward six aliphatic amino acids and 15 dipeptides by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR) and laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD). While previous studies have revealed that H-atom and NH(2) abstractions dominate the reactions of related monoradicals with aliphatic amino acids and small peptides, several additional, unprecedented reaction pathways were observed for the reactions of the biradical. For amino acids, these are 2H-atom abstraction, H(2)O abstraction, addition - CO(2), addition - HCOOH, and formation of a stable adduct. The biradical reacts with aliphatic dipeptides similarly as with aliphatic amino acids, but undergoes also one additional reaction pathway, addition/C-terminal amino acid elimination (addition - CO - NHCHR(C)). These reactions are initiated by H-atom abstraction by the biradical from the amino acid or peptide, or nucleophilic addition of an NH(2) or a HO group of the amino acid or peptide at the radical site at C-6 in the biradical. Reactions of the unquenched C-8 radical site then yield the products not observed for related monoradicals. The biradical reacts with aromatic dipeptides with an aromatic ring in N-terminus (i.e., Tyr-Leu, Phe-Val, and Phe-Pro) similarly as with aliphatic dipeptides. However, for those aromatic dipeptides that contain an aromatic ring in the C-terminus (i.e., Leu-Tyr and Ala-Phe), one additional pathway, addition/N-terminal amino acid elimination (addition - CO - NHCHR(N)), was observed. This reaction is likely initiated by radical addition of the biradical at the aromatic ring in the C-terminus. Related monoradicals add to aromatic amino acids and small peptides, which is followed by Cα-Cβ bond cleavage, resulting in side-chain abstraction by the radical. For biradicals, with one unquenched radical site after the initial addition, the reaction ultimately results in the loss of the N-terminal amino acid. Similar to monoradicals, the C-S bond in amino acids and dipeptides was found to be especially susceptible to biradical attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Corresponding Author at: Department of Chemistry, BRWN Building, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Phone number: (765)494-0882, Fax number: (765)494-0239, (H.I. Kenttämaa)
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44
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Altun O, Bilcen S. Spectroscopic characterization of Cu(II) complex of L-phenylalanine and D,L-tryptophan. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:789-793. [PMID: 20034847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the reactions involving L-phenylalanine and D,L-tryptophan in the presence of Cu(II) ion were studied. Optimum conditions for the reactions were established as pH 7 and lambda=641 nm. When the reaction was kinetic, it was observed that the following rate formula was found as dA/A(n)=k dt and k=3.2 x 10(-4)s(-1), according to absorbance measurements. Using a perpetual change curve, the ratio of [Cu]/[Cu]+L-phenylalanine+[D,L-tryptophan] was found 1:1:1. According to this result, one molecule of L-phenylalanine and one molecule of D,L-tryptophan react with one molecule Cu(II) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlen Altun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
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45
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Li S, Fu M, Habicht SC, Pates GO, Nash JJ, Kenttämaa HI. Phenyl radical-induced damage to dipeptides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7724-32. [PMID: 19772324 PMCID: PMC2790419 DOI: 10.1021/jo901470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) incorporated with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR) has been utilized to investigate phenyl radical-induced damage to dipeptides in the gas phase. On the basis of the product branching ratios measured for the reactions of two different positively charged phenyl radicals with 17 different dipeptides, the overall order of susceptibility to attack of the different sites in the dipeptides was determined to be heteroaromatic side chain approximately = S atom in SCH(3) group > H atom in SH group > H atom in CH group > aromatic side chain > S atom in SH group > NH(2) in side chain > N-terminal NH(2) > COOH in side chain approximately = C-terminal COOH. The amino acid sequence also influences the selectivity of these reactions. As expected, the ability of a phenyl radical to damage dipeptides increases as the electrophilicity of the phenyl radical increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingkun Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Steven C. Habicht
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - George O. Pates
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - John J. Nash
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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46
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Watts ZI, Easton CJ. Peculiar Stability of Amino Acids and Peptides from a Radical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11323-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9027583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I. Watts
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Easton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Liessmann M, Hansmann B, Blachly PG, Francisco JS, Abel B. Primary Steps in the Reaction of OH Radicals with Amino Acids at Low Temperatures in Laval Nozzle Expansions: Perspectives from Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7570-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liessmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and W.-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Linné-Strasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Hansmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and W.-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Linné-Strasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick G. Blachly
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and W.-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Linné-Strasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and W.-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Linné-Strasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and W.-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Linné-Strasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Heli H, Hajjizadeh M, Jabbari A, Moosavi-Movahedi A. Fine steps of electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive detection of some amino acids on copper nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2009; 388:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Ito T, Morimoto S, Fujita SI, Nishimoto SI. Radical intermediates generated in the reactions of l-arginine with hydroxyl radical and sulfate radical anion: A pulse radiolysis study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Dong F, Kandadi MR, Ren J, Sreejayan N. Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3 supplementation alters glucose disposal, insulin signaling, and glucose transporter-4 membrane translocation in insulin-resistant mice. J Nutr 2008; 138:1846-51. [PMID: 18806091 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement for diabetic and insulin-resistant subjects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of a novel chromium complex of d-phenylalanine [Cr(D-phe)(3)] in insulin-resistant, sucrose-fed mice. Whole-body insulin resistance was generated in FVB mice by 9 wk of sucrose feeding, following which they were randomly assigned to be unsupplemented (S group) or to receive oral Cr(D-phe)(3) in drinking water (SCr group) at a dose of 45 mug.kg(-1).d(-1) ( approximately 3.8 mug of elemental chromium.kg(-1).d(-1)). A control group (C) did not consume sucrose and was not supplemented. Sucrose-fed mice had an elevated serum insulin concentration compared with controls and this was significantly lower in sucrose-fed mice that received Cr(D-phe)(3), which did not differ from controls. Impaired glucose tolerance in sucrose-fed mice, evidenced by the poor glucose disposal rate following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, was significantly improved in mice receiving Cr(D-phe)(3). Chromium supplementation significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and membrane-associated glucose transporter-4 in skeletal muscles of sucrose-fed mice. In cultured adipocytes rendered insulin resistant by chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucose and insulin, Cr(D-phe)(3) augmented Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with Cr(D-phe)(3) may have potential beneficial effects in insulin-resistant, prediabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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