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Wu HT, Van Orman BL, Julian RR. Localizing Isomerized Residue Sites in Peptides with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2024; 35:705-713. [PMID: 38440975 PMCID: PMC10995990 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Isomerized amino acid residues have been identified in many peptides extracted from tissues or excretions of humans and animals. These isomerized residues can play key roles by affecting biological activity or by exerting an influence on the process of aging. Isomerization occurs spontaneously and does not result in a mass shift. Thus, identifying and localizing isomerized residues in biological samples is challenging. Herein, we introduce a fast and efficient method using tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to locate isomerized residues in peptides. Although MS2 spectra are useful for identifying peptides that contain an isomerized residue, they cannot reliably localize isomerization sites. We show that this limitation can be overcome by utilizing MS3 experiments to further evaluate each fragment ion from the MS2 stage. Comparison at the MS3 level, utilizing statistical analyses, reveals which MS2 fragments differ between samples and, therefore, must contain the isomerized sites. The approach is similar to previous work relying on ion mobility to discriminate MS2 product ions by collision cross-section. The MS3 approach can be implemented using either ion-trap or beam-type collisional activation and is compatible with the quantification of isomer mixtures when coupled to a calibration curve. The method can also be implemented in combination with liquid chromatography in a targeted approach. Enabling the identification and localization of isomerized residues in peptides with an MS-only methodology will expand accessibility to this important information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Brielle L. Van Orman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ryan R. Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Yu L, Zhu Q, Song P, Li Y, Man Q, Liu B, Jia S, Zhang J. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake and new-onset hypertension: a nationwide prospective cohort study in China. Amino Acids 2024; 56:19. [PMID: 38460031 PMCID: PMC10924742 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk of developing hypertension. METHODS A cohort study of 14,883 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline with were followed for an average of 8.9 years. Dietary intakes of BCAAs, including Ile, Leu, and Val, were collected using 3-day 24-h meal recall and household condiment weighing. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines, interaction analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the relationship between dietary BCAAs and risk of developing self-reported hypertension, adjusting for age, gender, region, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking status, physical activity, energy intake, salt intake. RESULTS Among 14,883 study subjects, 6386(42.9%) subjects aged ≥ 45 years at baseline, 2692 (18.1%) had new-onset hypertension during the study period, with a median age of 56 years. High levels of dietary BCAAs were associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension. Compared with the 41st-60th percentile, multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension was 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.32) for dietary BCAAs 61st-80th percentiles, 1.30 (1.13-1.50) for 81st-95th, 1.60 (1.32-1.95) for 96th-100th. The cut-off value of new-onset hypertension risk, total BCAAs, Ile, Leu, and Val were 15.7 g/day, 4.1 g/day, 6.9 g/day, 4.6 g/day, respectively, and the proportion of the population above these intake values were 13.9%, 13.1%, 15.4%, and 14.4%, respectively. Age, BMI, and salt intake had an interactive effect on this relationship (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was a significant positive association between total dietary BCAAs, Ile, Leu, Val intake and the risk of developing hypertension, after adjustment for confounders. This relationship was influenced by age, BMI, and salt intake. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and potential role of BCAAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Wang J, Liu S, Ma J, Dong X, Long S, Piao X. Growth performance, serum parameters, inflammatory responses, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18% crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine. Anim Nutr 2024; 16:313-325. [PMID: 38362516 PMCID: PMC10867559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18% crude protein (CP) diets. Two hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (8.37 ± 1.92 kg) were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments (10 piglets per replicate, 5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate) with 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile-to-Lys ratios, and the SID Lys was formulated to 1.19%. The experimental design consisted of two phases (d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28). Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased (P = 0.09), and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33% and 54.63% for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model, respectively. Different SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio. Dry matter (P < 0.01), CP (P = 0.01), ether extract (P = 0.04), gross energy (P < 0.01) and organic matter (P < 0.01) digestibility increased quadratically. Serum total cholesterol levels decreased linearly (P = 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01); aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01), interleukin-1β (P = 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) levels decreased quadratically; immunoglobulin G (P = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M (P = 0.01) concentrations increased quadratically. Serum Ser levels decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P = 0.01); Glu (P = 0.02), Arg (P = 0.05), and Thr (P = 0.03) levels decreased quadratically; Gly (P < 0.01) and Leu (P = 0.01) levels decreased linearly; Ile (P < 0.01) concentration increased linearly. Duodenal villus height (P < 0.01) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.01) increased quadratically. The deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria abundance. Overall, taking ADG as the effect index, the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18% CP diets were 48.33% and 54.63% based on two different statistical models, respectively, and the deficiency or excess of lle negatively affected piglet growth rates and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201107, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, 101206, China
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Wang MM, Huang YY, Liu WB, Xiao K, Wang X, Guo HX, Zhang YL, Fan JW, Li XF, Jiang GZ. Interactive effects of dietary leucine and isoleucine affect amino acid profile and metabolism through AKT/TOR signaling pathways in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:385-401. [PMID: 36525145 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore the interaction between dietary leucine and isoleucine levels on whole-body composition, plasma and liver biochemical indexes, amino acids deposition in the liver, and amino acid metabolism of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The test fish (average weight: 56.00 ± 0.55 g) were fed one of six diets at random containing two leucine levels (1.70% and 2.50%) and three isoleucine levels (1.00%, 1.20%, and 1.40%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the final weight and weight gain rate were the highest in the fish fed low-level leucine and high-level isoleucine diets (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the crude lipid content was significantly adjusted by diets with diverse levels of leucine and isoleucine (P < 0.05). In addition, interactive effects of these two branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were found on plasma total protein, blood ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen of test fish (P < 0.05). Additionally, the liver amino acid profiles were significantly influenced by the interactive effects of the two BCAAs (P < 0.05). Moreover, interactive effects of dietary leucine and isoleucine were significantly observed in the expressions of amino acid metabolism-related genes (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that dietary leucine and isoleucine had interaction. Meanwhile, the interaction between them was more conducive to the growth and quality improvement of blunt snout bream when the dietary leucine level was 1.70% and isoleucine level was 1.40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang-Mang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zuo Z, Tong Y, Li M, Wang Z, Wang X, Guo X, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Effect of genetically determined BCAA levels on cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2406-2412. [PMID: 37788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have demonstrated that serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the risk of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors. However, the causal effect is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetically determined BCAA levels on CVDs and their risk factors using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed univariable and multivariable MR analyses using summary-level data from multiple GWASs and the FinnGen consortium to investigate the association between BCAA levels and the risk of CVDs (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage) and their risk factors (atrial fibrillation, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). We used the random-effects IVW approach as the primary statistical method and incorporated MR estimates from different data sources using the fixed-effects model. We found genetically determined total and individual BCAA levels and a high risk of hypertension. However, there is no evidence of a causal relationship between BCAA levels and 3 cardiovascular diseases and other their risk factors. The odds of hypertension increased per 1-SD increase in BCAA levels (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; P = 0.005), valine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; P<0.0001), leucine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; P<0.01), and isoleucine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; P < 0.0001). This result was also significant in the multivariable MR. CONCLUSIONS This MR study suggests that total and individual BCAA levels could be associated with a high risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zuo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Wang C, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang J, Sun Z, Zhang H, Fu L. High intestinal isoleucine is a potential risk factor for food allergy by regulating the mTOR/AKT pathway in dendritic cells. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109818. [PMID: 37918466 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a global food safety problem with a growing prevalence. People in industrial regions are more susceptible to allergy, but the mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. In this study, the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZ) was administered to allergic individuals and the impact on allergy-related factors were determined. LcZ alleviated allergenic responses, and there was a significant correlation between the intestinal isoleucine content and IgE concentration. Metagenomics results suggest that the metabolism of the gut microbiota is a source of isoleucine. In a mouse model of food allergy, a high isoleucine diet exacerbated allergic responses and increased the activity of allergenic dendritic cell. In a dendritic cell model, a protein array revealed that the mTOR/AKT pathway mediated the function of isoleucine, and molecular docking suggested that Sestrin2 could be the potential receptor. Overall, this study revealed the role of isoleucine in promoting food allergy, elucidated the underlying mechanisms, and suggested that a high intake of isoleucine could be a potential risk factor for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fangting Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Linglin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Rivera CN, Watne RM, Wommack AJ, Vaughan RA. The effect of insulin resistance on extracellular BCAA accumulation and SLC25A44 expression in a myotube model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1701-1705. [PMID: 37740788 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is often accompanied by elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). We investigated the effects of insulin resistance on the mitochondrial BCAA transporter, SLC25A44, using a myotube model of insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity and SLC25A44 expression were assessed via Western blot. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate extracellular BCAA media content. Insulin resistance reduced pAkt activation following insulin stimulation but did not alter SLC25A44 expression. Under select conditions, insulin resistance led to the accumulation of extracellular BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27262-3598, USA
| | - Rachel M Watne
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27262-3598, USA.
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Teymoori F, Ahmadirad H, Jahromi MK, Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Mohammadzadeh M, Babrpanjeh M, Shahrokhtabar T, Jamshidi S, Mirmiran P. Serum branched amino acids and the risk of all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1475-1486. [PMID: 37725184 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been considered as an indicator to evaluate health status and predict chronic diseases risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between Serum BCAAs and the risk of all-cause mortality. We carried out a comprehensive and systematic search in various important databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant studies published up to October 2022 with no language, design, or time limitation. We extracted the reported hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI in cohorts and case-control studies, respectively, and computed the log HR or OR and its standard error. Then, we used the random-effects model with inverse variance weighting method for the present meta-analysis, to calculate the pooled effect size. Ten observational studies, including nine cohort studies and one case-control study, were included in the present meta-analysis. The number of participants ranges from 53 to 26,711, with an age range of 18-99 years. During 6 months to 24 years of follow-up, 3599 deaths were ascertained. The pooled results indicated that there was no significant association between serum BCAAs (RR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.85-1.60), isoleucine (RR: 1.41; 95%CI 0.92-2.17), leucine (RR: 1.13; 95% CI 0.94-1.36), and valine (RR: 1.02; 95%CI 0.86-1.22) and all-cause mortality. Also, there was significant heterogeneity between studies for serum BCAAs (I2 = 74.1% and P-heterogeneity = 0.021), isoleucine (I2 = 89.4% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), leucine (I2 = 87.8% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), and valine (I2 = 86.6% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001). Our results suggested that the serum BCAAs and its components, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, were not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Babrpanjeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Shahrokhtabar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Imam Ali Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Irfandi R, Raya I, Ahmad A, Fudholi A, Riswandi, Santi S, Azalea WP, Putri SE, Alam MN, Supratman U, Olubode SO, Abdalrazaq EA, Kandeel M, Soekamto NH, Natsir H, Maming, Ramlawati. Design anticancer potential of Zn(II) isoleucinedithiocarbamate complex on MCF-7 cell lines: synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, molecular dynamic, ADMET, and in-vitro studies. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10747-y. [PMID: 37884781 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a cancer medication widely used today, but it still poses some problems due to its toxic properties in the body. To overcome this issue, a new complex has been developed as a potential anticancer drug prospect by minimizing its toxic consequences. A novel Zn(II)IleDTC complex containing isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligands has been produced and analyzed using a range of analytical and spectroscopic methods. The Zn(II) IleDTC complex were characterized using various methods, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, determination of melting point, conductivity, and HOMO-LUMO analysis. Furthermore, computational NMR spectrum analysis was conducted in this study. Molecular docking studies was conducted to evaluate the potential of Zn(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate as an HIF1 inhibitor. The results showed that the Zn complex exhibited a good docking score of -6.6 and formed hydrogen bonds with ARG 17, VAL264, and GLU15, alkyl bonds with TRP27 and LEU32, and Pi-Alkyl bonds with PRO41 and ARG44. This suggests that the Zn(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate complex could be a promising candidate for cancer treatment with potential HIF1 inhibition properties. To assess the dynamic stability and efficacy of protein-ligand interactions over time, molecular dynamics simulations was conducted for both individual proteins and protein complexes. The cytotoxicity evaluation of Zn(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate against MCF-7 cells obtained an IC50 value of 362.70 µg/mL indicating moderate cytotoxicity and morphological changes of cancer cells causing cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. The Zn(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate complex may have promising potential as an anticancer compound due to its significant inhibitory effect on the breast cancer cell line (MCF7). According to the ADMET study, the complex exhibits drug-like characteristics with low toxicity, further supporting its potential as a viable drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Irfandi
- Doctoral Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Puangrimaggalatung, Sengkang, 90915, Indonesia
| | - Indah Raya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Ahyar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Fudholi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Institute of Science (LIPI), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Riswandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Santi Santi
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Technology, Megarezky University, Makassar, 90234, Indonesia
| | - Wynda Puspa Azalea
- District Health Office, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, 12620, Indonesia
| | - Suriati Eka Putri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya, Makassar, 90244, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nur Alam
- Doctoral Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Olawale Olubode
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Eid A Abdalrazaq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nunuk Hariani Soekamto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hasnah Natsir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Maming
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ramlawati
- Department of Natural Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
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10
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Krishnamurthy HK, Reddy S, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Song Q, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Preliminary Study on the Association of Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acids With Lipid and Hepatic Markers. Cardiol Res 2023; 14:167-175. [PMID: 37304913 PMCID: PMC10257501 DOI: 10.14740/cr1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with various vital physiological functions and thus elevation in circulating levels results in several metabolic disturbances. Serum levels of BCAAs are strong predictors of various metabolic disorders. Their association with cardiovascular health is uncertain. The study aimed to investigate the association of BCAAs with circulating levels of vital cardiovascular and hepatic markers. Methods The study population of 714 individuals was included from the population tested for the vital cardio and hepatic biomarkers at the Vibrant America Clinical Laboratories. The subjects were stratified into four quartiles based on the serum levels of BCAAs, and their association with vital markers was studied using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pearson's correlation analyzed the univariant relationship of BCAAs with selected cardio and hepatic markers. Results BCAAs exhibited a strong negative correlation with serum HDL. Serum triglycerides were found to have a positive correlation with serum levels of leucine and valine. Univariant analysis exhibited a strong negative correlation between serum levels of BCAAs and HDL, and a positive correlation was observed between triglycerides and amino acids isoleucine and leucine. Among analyzed hepatic markers, alanine transaminase exhibited a considerable association with BCAAs. Conclusions The elevated levels of serum BCAAs are strongly associated with serum HDL and triglycerides. Consumption of these supplements must be in coordination with healthcare providers to avoid metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Song
- Vibrant America LLC., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
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11
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Bahrami M, Morris MB, Day ML. Glutamine, proline, and isoleucine support maturation and fertilisation of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2023; 201:59-67. [PMID: 36842262 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Successful in-vitro production of bovine embryos relies on meiotic maturation of oocytes in vitro (IVM) before they can be fertilised. High levels of IVM are currently achieved using a complex medium that contains all 20 common amino acids, namely TCM199, but can also be achieved using a simple inorganic salt solution containing non-essential amino acids, proline, and glutamine. Further simplification of the amino acid content of medium used for IVM could lead to a more defined medium that provides reproducible IVM. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the minimal amino acid requirements for bovine oocyte nuclear maturation, as measured by progression to metaphase II (MII) of meiosis. Supplementation of a simple medium composed of inorganic salts (M1 medium) with multiple amino-acid combinations showed that M1 containing glutamine, proline, and isoleucine resulted in nuclear maturation comparable to that of TCM199 (57.4 ± 3.4% vs 67% ± 1.7%, respectively) but was reduced when cystine (Cys2) to that seen with M1 alone (38.0 ± 2.2%). Viability of oocytes matured in this simplified medium was equal to those matured in TCM199 since the same proportion of zygotes with 2 pronuclei were observed following fertilisation in medium containing no amino acids (33.9 ± 6.5% vs 33.3 ± 3.6%, respectively). Addition of glutamine, proline and isoleucine to fertilisation medium also increased the proportion of zygotes but did not increase blastocyst development rates. Thus, a defined medium containing only glutamine, proline and isoleucine is sufficient for oocyte maturation and successful fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahrami
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael B Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margot L Day
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Wang H, Chen S, Kang W, Ding B, Cui S, Zhou L, Zhang N, Luo H, Wang M, Zhang F, Zhao Z, Guo Z, Wang C, Li L, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang Y. High dose isoleucine stabilizes nuclear PTEN to suppress the proliferation of lung cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 36820928 PMCID: PMC9950318 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells require a supply of amino acids, particularly essential amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, i.e., valine, leucine, and isoleucine), to meet the increased nutrient demands of malignant tumors. The cell-autonomous and non-autonomous roles of altered BCAA supply have been implicated in cancer progression. The critical proteins involved in BCAA uptake, transport, metabolism, etc. serve as potential therapeutic biomarkers in human cancers. Here, we summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanism of BCAA by exploring the chain reaction triggered by increased BCAA supply in the tumor. METHOD A system-wide strategy was employed to provide a generic solution to establish the links between BCAA and cancer based on comprehensive omics, molecular experimentation, and data analysis. RESULTS BCAA over-supplementation (900 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor burden, with isoleucine having the most pronounced effect. Surprisingly, isoleucine inhibited tumor growth independently of mTORC1 activation, a classical amino acid sensor. Exploratory transcriptome analysis revealed that Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is the critical factor in the anti-tumor effect of isoleucine. By inhibiting PTEN ubiquitination, isoleucine can promote PTEN nuclear import and maintain PTEN nuclear stability. Interestingly, this process was regulated by isoleucine-tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (IARS), a direct target of isoleucine. We demonstrated the enhanced interaction between IARS and PTEN in the presence of excess isoleucine. At the same time, IARS knockout leads to loss of isoleucine tumor suppressor ability. CONCLUSION Overall, our results provide insights into the regulation of the IARS-PTEN anti-tumor axis by isoleucine and reveal a unique therapeutic approach based on enhancing cellular isoleucine supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenhui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bojiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shulan Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji Vocational Technology College, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Qiyao in Mt. Qinling, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274015, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuetong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Rivera CN, Watne RM, Brown ZA, Mitchell SA, Wommack AJ, Vaughan RA. Effect of AMPK activation and glucose availability on myotube LAT1 expression and BCAA utilization. Amino Acids 2023; 55:275-286. [PMID: 36547760 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Those with insulin resistance often display increased circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which has been largely attributable to reduced BCAA catabolic capacity. Metabolic stimuli such as exercise activates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), which promotes the metabolism of BCAA and induction/activation of BCAA catabolic enzymes. Though much attention has been paid to BCAA catabolic machinery, few studies have assessed the effect of AMPK activation on the predominant BCAA transporter, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). This study assessed the effect of AMPK activation on LAT1 expression via common chemical AMPK activators in a cell model of skeletal muscle. C2C12 myotubes were treated with either 1 mM AICAR, 1 mM Metformin, or filter-sterilized water (control) for 24 h with either low- (5 mM) or high-glucose (25 mM) media. LAT1 and pAMPK protein content were measured via western blot. BCAA media content was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AICAR treatment significantly increased pAMPK and reduced LAT1 expression. Collectively, pAMPK and LAT1 displayed a significant inverse relationship independent of glucose levels. During low-glucose experiments, AICAR-treated cells had higher BCAA media content compared to other groups, and an inverse relationship between LAT1 and BCAA media content was observed, however, these effects were not consistently observed during high-glucose conditions. Further investigation with AICAR with and without concurrent LAT1 inhibition (via JPH203) also revealed reduced BCAA utilization in AICAR-treated cells regardless of LAT1 inhibition (which also independently reduced BCAA utilization). pAMPK activation via AICAR (but not Metformin) may reduce LAT1 expression and BCAA uptake in a glucose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Rachel M Watne
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Zoe A Brown
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Samantha A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA.
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14
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Rivera CN, Kamer MM, Rivera ME, Watne RM, Macgowan TC, Wommack AJ, Vaughan RA. Insulin resistance promotes extracellular BCAA accumulation without altering LAT1 content, independent of prior BCAA treatment in a myotube model of skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111800. [PMID: 36270542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity which correlates with increased circulating BCAA. These experiments investigated the effects of insulin resistance with and without excess BCAA on myotube insulin sensitivity and L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1). METHODS C2C12 myotubes were treated with or without excess BCAA for 1 or 6 days, both with and without insulin resistance. Western blot was used to assess insulin sensitivity and LAT1 content. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate BCAA media content. RESULTS Insulin resistance was associated with significantly increased extracellular BCAA accumulation independent of LAT1 content. Conversely, prior BCAA treatment was not associated with extracellular BCAA accumulation regardless of level of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION These data suggest insulin resistance, but not BCAA treatment, promotes extracellular BCAA accumulation independent of changes in LAT1 content, implicating insulin resistance as a causal agent of extracellular BCAA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Madison M Kamer
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Madison E Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel M Watne
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Trent C Macgowan
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
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15
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Vidal E, Sánchez-Martín MA, Eraña H, Lázaro SP, Pérez-Castro MA, Otero A, Charco JM, Marín B, López-Moreno R, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Geijo M, Ordóñez M, Cantero G, di Bari M, Lorenzo NL, Pirisinu L, d’Agostino C, Torres JM, Béringue V, Telling G, Badiola JJ, Pumarola M, Bolea R, Nonno R, Requena JR, Castilla J. Bona fide atypical scrapie faithfully reproduced for the first time in a rodent model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:179. [PMID: 36514160 PMCID: PMC9749341 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Scrapie, which is not linked to epidemics, is assumed to be an idiopathic spontaneous prion disease in small ruminants. Therefore, its occurrence is unlikely to be controlled through selective breeding or other strategies as it is done for classical scrapie outbreaks. Its spontaneous nature and its sporadic incidence worldwide is reminiscent of the incidence of idiopathic spontaneous prion diseases in humans, which account for more than 85% of the cases in humans. Hence, developing animal models that consistently reproduce this phenomenon of spontaneous PrP misfolding, is of importance to study the pathobiology of idiopathic spontaneous prion disorders. Transgenic mice overexpressing sheep PrPC with I112 polymorphism (TgShI112, 1-2 × PrP levels compared to sheep brain) manifest clinical signs of a spongiform encephalopathy spontaneously as early as 380 days of age. The brains of these animals show the neuropathological hallmarks of prion disease and biochemical analyses of the misfolded prion protein show a ladder-like PrPres pattern with a predominant 7-10 kDa band. Brain homogenates from spontaneously diseased transgenic mice were inoculated in several models to assess their transmissibility and characterize the prion strain generated: TgShI112 (ovine I112 ARQ PrPC), Tg338 (ovine VRQ PrPC), Tg501 (ovine ARQ PrPC), Tg340 (human M129 PrPC), Tg361 (human V129 PrPC), TgVole (bank vole I109 PrPC), bank vole (I109I PrPC), and sheep (AHQ/ARR and AHQ/AHQ churra-tensina breeds). Our analysis of the results of these bioassays concludes that the strain generated in this model is indistinguishable to that causing atypical scrapie (Nor98). Thus, we present the first faithful model for a bona fide, transmissible, ovine, atypical scrapie prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Manuel A. Sánchez-Martín
- grid.11762.330000 0001 2180 1817Transgenic Facility. Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez Lázaro
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Castro
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Alicia Otero
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Charco
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Marín
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Moreno
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Carlos M. Díaz-Domínguez
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Mariví Geijo
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ordóñez
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Michele di Bari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nuria L. Lorenzo
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago, Spain
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia d’Agostino
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Juan María Torres
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Valdeolmos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Béringue
- grid.417961.cMolecular Virology and Immunology, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Glenn Telling
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Juan J. Badiola
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Romolo Nonno
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
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16
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Irfandi R, Riswandi R, Raya I, Ahmad A, Fudholi A, Jarre S, Tirto Sari DR, Santi S, Wijaya RI, Prihantono P. A New Complex Design of Fe (II) Isoleucine Dithiocarbamate as a Novel Anticancer and Antivirus against SARSCOV-2 (COVID-19). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3113-3123. [PMID: 36172674 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to synthesize a new complex of Fe(II) with isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligand and to determine its potential as an anticancer and antiviral agent for SARSCOV-2. METHODS The synthesized complexes were then characterized by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and their melting points. The value of the conductivity of the complex compound is also determined. Anti-cancer activity was tested in vitro and molecular docking. Its potential as an antiviral against SARSCOV-2 was also carried out by molecular docking. Pharmacokinetics/ADMET properties were also carried out on the complex. RESULT Spectral results showed the successful synthesis of Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate complex. The complex produced UV-vis spectra at 268 and 575 nm, and the IR data at 399-599 cm-1 showed the coordination between the Fe(II) atoms with sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen of the isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligand. Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate had a cytotoxicity effect on the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 =613 µg/mL). The complex significantly caused morphological changes in the breast cancer cell line, finally leading to cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Cytotoxic test of Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate showed moderate anticancer activity on MCF-7 cancer cells and showed antiviral activity against SARSCOV-2 by interfering with spike glycoprotein -ACE2 receptors, and inhibiting major proteases and 3Clpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Irfandi
- Doctoral Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia.,Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Puangrimaggalatung, Sengkang, Indonesia
| | - Riswandi Riswandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Indah Raya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ahyar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Fudholi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Institute of Science (LIPI), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sulistiani Jarre
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, Universitas Ibrahimy, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Santi Santi
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Technology, Megarezky University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ronald Ivan Wijaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Prihantono Prihantono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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17
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Thiele I, Fleming RMT. Whole-body metabolic modelling predicts isoleucine dependency of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4098-109. [PMID: 35874091 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at investigating host-virus co-metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we extended comprehensive sex-specific, whole-body organ resolved models of human metabolism with the necessary reactions to replicate SARS-CoV-2 in the lung as well as selected peripheral organs. Using this comprehensive host-virus model, we obtained the following key results: 1. The predicted maximal possible virus shedding rate was limited by isoleucine availability. 2. The supported initial viral load depended on the increase in CD4+ T-cells, consistent with the literature. 3. During viral infection, the whole-body metabolism changed including the blood metabolome, which agreed well with metabolomic studies from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. 4. The virus shedding rate could be reduced by either inhibition of the guanylate kinase 1 or availability of amino acids, e.g., in the diet. 5. The virus variants differed in their maximal possible virus shedding rates, which could be inversely linked to isoleucine occurrences in the sequences. Taken together, this study presents the metabolic crosstalk between host and virus and emphasises the role of amino acid metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular of isoleucine. As such, it provides an example of how computational modelling can complement more canonical approaches to gain insight into host-virus crosstalk and to identify potential therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Wang F, Baden MY, Guasch-Ferré M, Wittenbecher C, Li J, Li Y, Wan Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Tobias DK, Clish CB, Mucci LA, Eliassen AH, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Liang L, Hu FB. Plasma metabolite profiles related to plant-based diets and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1119-1132. [PMID: 35391539 PMCID: PMC9810389 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Plant-based diets, especially when rich in healthy plant foods, have been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether plasma metabolite profiles related to plant-based diets reflect this association was unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the plasma metabolite profiles related to plant-based diets, and to evaluate the associations between the identified metabolite profiles and the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Within three prospective cohorts (Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study), we measured plasma metabolites from 10,684 participants using high-throughput LC MS. Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed by three indices derived from the food frequency questionnaire: an overall Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), a Healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and an Unhealthy Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI). Multi-metabolite profiles related to plant-based diet were identified using elastic net regression with a training/testing approach. The prospective associations between metabolite profiles and incident type 2 diabetes were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Metabolites potentially mediating the association between plant-based diets and type 2 diabetes risk were further identified. RESULTS We identified multi-metabolite profiles comprising 55 metabolites for PDI, 93 metabolites for hPDI and 75 metabolites for uPDI. Metabolite profile scores based on the identified metabolite profiles were correlated with the corresponding diet index (Pearson r = 0.33-0.35 for PDI, 0.41-0.45 for hPDI, and 0.37-0.38 for uPDI, all p<0.001). Metabolite profile scores of PDI (HR per 1 SD higher = 0.81 [95% CI 0.75, 0.88]) and hPDI (HR per 1 SD higher = 0.77 [95% CI 0.71, 0.84]) showed an inverse association with incident type 2 diabetes, whereas the metabolite profile score for uPDI was not associated with the risk. Mutual adjustment for metabolites selected in the metabolite profiles, including trigonelline, hippurate, isoleucine and a subset of triacylglycerols, attenuated the associations of diet indices PDI and hPDI with lower type 2 diabetes risk. The explainable proportion of PDI/hPDI-related diabetes risk by these metabolites ranged between 8.5% and 37.2% (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Plasma metabolite profiles related to plant-based diets, especially a healthy plant-based diet, were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes among a generally healthy population. Our findings support the beneficial role of healthy plant-based diets in diabetes prevention and provide new insights for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megu Y Baden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Hao Q, Wang Z, Wang L, Han M, Zhang M, Gao X. Isoleucine stimulates mTOR and SREBP-1c gene expression for milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells through BRG1-mediated chromatin remodelling. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35593529 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several amino acids can stimulate milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MEC); however, the regulatory role of isoleucine (Ile) and underlying molecular mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regulatory effects of Ile on milk protein and fat synthesis in MEC and reveal the mediation mechanism of Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) on this regulation. Ile dose dependently affected milk protein and fat synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression and maturation, and BRG1 protein expression in bovine MEC. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibition by LY294002 treatment blocked the stimulation of Ile on BRG1 expression. BRG1 knockdown and gene activation experiments showed that it mediated the stimulation of Ile on milk protein and fat synthesis, mTOR phosphorylation, and SREBP-1c expression and maturation in MEC. ChIP-PCR analysis detected that BRG1 bound to the promoters of mTOR and SREBP-1c, and ChIP-qPCR further detected that these bindings were increased by Ile stimulation. In addition, BRG1 positively regulated the binding of H3K27ac to these two promoters, while it negatively affected the binding of H3K27me3 to these promoters. BRG1 knockdown blocked the stimulation of Ile on these two gene expressions. The expression of BRG1 was higher in mouse mammary gland in the lactating period, compared with that in the puberty or dry period. Taken together, these experimental data reveal that Ile stimulates milk protein and fat synthesis in MEC via the PI3K-BRG1-mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
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20
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Rivera ME, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Excess branched-chain amino acids alter myotube metabolism and substrate preference which is worsened by concurrent insulin resistance. Endocrine 2022; 76:18-28. [PMID: 34811646 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been shown to enhance several cellular signaling pathways including protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, yet population data demonstrate a correlation between circulating BCAA and severity of insulin resistance which has been hypothesized to be, in part, a byproduct of BCAA inhibition of mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a BCAA mixture on muscle metabolism and related gene expression in vitro. METHODS C2C12 myotubes were treated with a BCAA mixture containing leucine:isoleucine:valine at a ratio of 2:1:1 at 0.2, 2, or 20 mM (based on leucine content) for 6 days. qRT-PCR was used to measure metabolic gene expression. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification were used to assess mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism, respectively. Mitochondrial content was determined via mitochondrial-specific staining. RESULTS Despite significantly elevated mitochondrial staining, 6-day BCAA treatment reduced basal mitochondrial metabolism at a supraphysiological concentration (20 mM) in both insulin sensitive and resistant cells. Peak mitochondrial capacity was also reduced in insulin-resistant (but not insulin sensitive) cells. Conversely, basal glycolytic metabolism was elevated following 20 mM BCAA treatment, regardless of insulin resistance. In addition, insulin-resistant cells treated with 20 mM BCAA exhibited reduced gene expression of Ppargc1a, Cytc, Atp5b, Glut4, and several glycolytic enzymes versus insulin sensitive cells treated with 20 mM BCAA. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest BCAA at supraphysiologically high levels may negatively alter mitochondrial metabolism, and concurrent insulin resistance may also diminish peak mitochondrial capacity, as well as impede molecular adaptations that support a transition to a glycolytic preference/compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
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21
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Bertran O, Martí D, Torras J, Turon P, Alemán C. Computer simulations on oxidative stress-induced reactions in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: a multi-scale approach. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3143-3155. [PMID: 35179698 PMCID: PMC8854484 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which occurs when an organism is exposed to an adverse stimulus that results in a misbalance of antioxidant and pro-oxidants species, is the common denominator of diseases considered as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 lethality. Indeed, reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress have been related to many virus pathogenicity. In this work, simulations have been performed on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to study what residues are more susceptible to be attacked by ·OH, which is one of the most reactive radicals associated to oxidative stress. The results indicate that isoleucine (ILE) probably plays a crucial role in modification processes driven by radicals. Accordingly, QM/MM-MD simulations have been conducted to study both the ·OH-mediated hydrogen abstraction of ILE residues and the induced modification of the resulting ILE radical through hydroxylation or nitrosylation reactions. All in all, in silico studies show the importance of the chemical environment triggered by oxidative stress on the modifications of the virus, which is expected to help for foreseeing the identification or development of antioxidants as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bertran
- Departament de Física EETAC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Esteve Terrades, 7, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain.
| | - Didac Martí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrasa 121, 08191, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Solon-Biet SM, Griffiths L, Fosh S, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ, Senior AM. Meta-analysis links dietary branched-chain amino acids to metabolic health in rodents. BMC Biol 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 35031039 PMCID: PMC8760763 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of dietary branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their effect on metabolic health is complex. How dietary BCAA levels and their interaction with background nutrition affect health is unclear. Here, we used meta-analysis and meta-regression, together with the nutritional modelling, to analyse the results of rodent studies that increased the level of dietary BCAAs and measured circulating levels, outcomes related to metabolic health, body mass and food intake. Results Across all studies, increasing dietary BCAAs resulted in increased levels of circulating BCAAs. These effects, however, were heavily moderated by background dietary levels whereby on high BCAA diets, further increases were not reflected in the blood. Impaired glucose tolerance was associated with elevated dietary BCAAs, with the greatest effect occurring with a simultaneous increase in total protein intake. Effects of dietary BCAAs on plasma glucose, insulin, or HOMA emerged only when dietary macronutrient background was considered. We found that elevated dietary BCAAs increases % body fat, with largest increases in adiposity occurring when BCAAs are increased on a high protein, low carbohydrate dietary background. Finally, we found that increased dietary BCAAs were associated with increased food intake when the background diet was low in BCAAs. Conclusion Our data highlights the interaction between BCAAs and background nutrition. We show that the effects of BCAAs on metabolic health cannot be studied in isolation but must be considered as part of complex mixture of dietary components. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01201-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lucy Griffiths
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Fosh
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Jung MK, Okekunle AP, Lee JE, Sung MK, Lim YJ. Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:237-243. [PMID: 35047449 PMCID: PMC8749315 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), isoleucine, leucine and valine, are essential amino acids with vital roles in protein synthesis and energy production. We reviewed the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in advanced cancer patients. BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signalling molecules, which activate mechanisms ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. Recently, BCAA metabolism has been suggested to contribute to cancer progression. Of particular interest is the modulation of the mTOR activity by BCAAs. There are likely multiple pathways involved in BCAA metabolism implicated in carcinogenesis. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying altered BCAAs metabolism will significantly advance the current understanding of nutrient involvement in carcinogenesis and direct future studies to unravel the significance of BCCA metabolites in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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24
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Taherizadeh M, Khoshnia M, Shams S, Hesari Z, Joshaghani H. Plasma Changes of Branched-Chain Amino Acid in Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:49-53. [PMID: 34712438 PMCID: PMC8531933 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that branched amino acids play a crucial role in gene expression, protein metabolism, apoptosis, and restoration of hepatocytes and insulin resistance. This study aimed to compare the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in patients with esophageal cancer and normal individuals. METHODS Plasma levels of leucine and isoleucine of 37 patients with esophageal cancer and 37 healthy adults were investigated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 16) software, and t test was used to compare the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in the two groups. RESULTS In the patients group, the mean age ± SD was 63 ± 13.64 years, and 21 (56.8%) individuals were male. In the control group, the mean age ± SD was 64.24 ± 13.08 years, and 21 (54.1%) individuals were male. Plasma levels of leucine (37.68 ± 105) and isoleucine (22.43 ± 59.1) in patients with esophageal cancer were significantly reduced (p value of isoleucine:0.007, and leucine: 0.0001). CONCLUSION In the present study, the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in patients with esophageal cancer had changed. Evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acids are essential nutrients for cancer growth and are used by tumors in various biosynthetic pathways as energy sources. Thus, studies in this field can be useful in providing appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taherizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Shams
- Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Joshaghani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Beaumont M, Lencina C, Painteaux L, Viémon-Desplanque J, Phornlaphat O, Lambert W, Chalvon-Demersay T. A mix of functional amino acids and grape polyphenols promotes the growth of piglets, modulates the gut microbiota in vivo and regulates epithelial homeostasis in intestinal organoids. Amino Acids 2021; 54:1357-1369. [PMID: 34642825 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Weaning is a challenging period for gut health in piglets. Previous studies showed that dietary supplementations with either amino acids or polyphenols promote piglet growth and intestinal functions, when administered separately. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of amino acids and polyphenols could facilitate the weaning transition. Piglets received during the first two weeks after weaning a diet supplemented or not with a mix of a low dose (0.1%) of functional amino acids (L-arginine, L-leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-cystine) and 100 ppm of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape seeds and skins. The mix of amino acids and polyphenols improved growth and feed efficiency. These beneficial effects were associated with a lower microbiota diversity and a bloom of Lactobacillaceae in the jejunum content while the abundance of Proteobacteria was reduced in the caecum content. The mix of amino acids and polyphenols also increased the production by the caecum microbiota of short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate) and of metabolites derived from amino acids (branched-chain fatty acids, valerate, putrescine) and from polyphenols (3-phenylpropionate). Experiments in piglet jejunum organoids revealed that the mix of amino acids and polyphenols upregulated the gene expression of epithelial differentiation markers while it reduced the gene expression of proliferation and innate immunity markers. In conclusion, the supplementation of a mix of amino acids and polyphenols is a promising nutritional strategy to manage gut health in piglets through the modulation of the gut microbiota and of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Corinne Lencina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Louise Painteaux
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Orasin Phornlaphat
- BARC, Bangkok Animal Research Center Co., Ltd, 74/4 Mu 7 Tambon Naiklong Bangplakod, Phrasamutjedi,, Samut Prakan, 10290, Thailand
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Jiang Q, Yan M, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Yin L, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang W, Wu P, Wang Y, Chen D, Yang S, Huang X, Jiang J. Dietary isoleucine improved flesh quality, muscle antioxidant capacity, and muscle growth associated with AKT/TOR/S6K1 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling in hybrid bagrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:53. [PMID: 33866964 PMCID: PMC8054373 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue, which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals. Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine (Ile) exerts beneficial effects on growth in aquatic animals. However, there were limited studies regarding the benefits of Ile on fish muscle and their effects on flesh quality and muscle growth. Thus, this study was conducted to explore whether dietary Ile had affected flesh quality and muscle growth in hybrid bagrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). Methods A total of 630 hybrid fish, with an initial average body weight of 33.11 ± 0.09 g, were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups with three replicates each, and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile/kg diets for 8 weeks. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that Ile significantly: (1) increased muscle protein and lipid contents and the frequency distribution of myofibers with ≤ 20 μm and ≥ 50 μm of diameter; (2) improved pH value, shear force, cathepsin B and L activities, hydroxyproline content, resilience, cohesiveness, and decreased cooking loss, lactate content, hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness; (3) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, GCLC and Keap1 mRNA levels, and up-regulated CuZnSOD, CAT, GPX1a, GST, and Nrf2 mRNA levels; (4) up-regulated the insulin-like growth factor 1, 2 (IGF-1, IGF-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Myf5, Myod, Myog, Mrf4, and MyHC mRNA levels, and decreased MSTN mRNA level; (5) increased muscle protein deposition by activating AKT-TOR-S6K1 and AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathways. Conclusion These results revealed that dietary Ile improved flesh quality, which might be due to increasing nutritional content, physicochemical, texture parameters, and antioxidant ability; promoting muscle growth by affecting myocytes hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and muscle protein deposition associated with protein synthesis and degradation signaling pathways. Finally, the quadratic regression analysis of chewiness, ROS, and protein contents against dietary Ile levels suggested that the optimal dietary Ile levels for hybrid bagrid catfish was estimated to be 14.19, 12.36, and 12.78 g/kg diet, corresponding to 36.59, 31.87, and 32.96 g/kg dietary protein, respectively. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00572-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Zhao Y, Yan MY, Jiang Q, Yin L, Zhou XQ, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao J, Jiang J. Isoleucine improved growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 109:20-33. [PMID: 32991991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Six hundred and thirty fish (33.11 ± 0.09 g) were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with three replicates each, and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile kg-1 diets for 8 weeks. The results showed improvement of growth performance, feed intake, feed utilization, relative gut length (RGL), and intestinal fold height and width by dietary Ile (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary Ile (12.5 g kg-1 diet) improved the activities of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P < 0.05). The c-type-lectin, c-LZM, g-LZM, and hepcidin mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0-20.0 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05). Dietary Ile (10.0-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) increased intestinal β-defensin mRNA expression partially in association with Sirt1/ERK/90RSK signaling pathway. Dietary Ile (12.5-15.0 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased oxidative damage and improved antioxidant ability by increasing activities and expressions of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (P < 0.05). The occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin3, and claudin 7 mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0 and 12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05), whereas the myosin light chain kinase gene expression was decreased in fish fed diets with 7.5-17.5 g Ile kg-1 diet. Dietary Ile (10-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased apoptotic responses by reducing the expression of caspase3 and caspase 9 via the AKT/TOR signaling pathway. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, the dietary Ile requirement of hybrid catfish was estimated to be 12.43 g Ile kg-1 diet, corresponding to 32.05 g Ile kg-1 dietary protein. Collectively, dietary Ile improved growth performance and immunological and physical barrier function of intestine in hybrid catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming-Yao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Sun X, Li Q, Wang Y, Zhou W, Guo Y, Chen J, Zheng P, Sun J, Ma Y. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase mutant based whole-cell biosensor for high-throughput selection of isoleucine overproducers. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112783. [PMID: 33157411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell amino acid biosensors can sense the concentrations of certain amino acids and output easily detectable signals, which are important for construction of microbial producers. However, many reported biosensors have poor specificity because they also sense non-target amino acids. Besides, biosensors for many amino acids are still unavailable. In this study, we proposed a new strategy for constructing whole-cell biosensors based on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which take the advantage of their universality and intrinsically specific binding ability to corresponding amino acids. Taking isoleucine biosensor as an example, we first mutated the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in Escherichia coli to dramatically decrease its affinity to isoleucine. The engineered cells specifically sensed isoleucine and output isoleucine dose-dependent cell growth as an easily detectable signal. To further expand the sensing range, an isoleucine exporter was overexpressed to enhance excretion of intracellular isoleucine. Since cells equipped with the optimized whole-cell biosensor showed accelerated growth when cells produced higher concentrations of isoleucine, the biosensor was successfully applied in high-throughput selection of isoleucine overproducers from random mutation libraries. This work demonstrates the feasibility of engineering aaRSs to construct a new kind of whole-cell biosensors for amino acids. Considering all twenty proteinogenic and many non-canonical amino acids have their specific aaRSs, this strategy should be useful for developing biosensors for various amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiuzhou Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Jibin Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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Kidd MT, Poernama F, Wibowo T, Maynard CW, Liu SY. Dietary branched-chain amino acid assessment in broilers from 22 to 35 days of age. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33423698 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valine and isoleucine are similar in chemical structure and their limitation in broiler chicken diets. To evaluate their limitation and interactive effects, multivariate assessment nutrition studies for the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are needed. A three level (− 1, 0, + 1), three-factor Box-Behnken design study was conducted to assess dietary BCAA ratios to lysine of 65, 75, and 85 for valine, 58, 66, and 74 for isoleucine, and 110, 130, and 150 for leucine in male and female Lohman Indian River broilers from 22 to 35 d of age. Results Live performance of male broilers was not affected by BCAA level. However, male broilers fed increasing isoleucine had improved (P = 0.07) carcass yield as leucine and valine were reduced. Female broilers had improved body weight gain (P = 0.05) and feed conversion (P = 0.003) when leucine and isoleucine were at their lowest levels, independent of valine, but increasing leucine impaired live performance and warranted concomitant increases in isoleucine to restore responses. Increasing dietary isoleucine and valine in female broilers increased breast meat yield (P = 0.05), but increasing leucine tended to diminish the response. Conclusion The female Lohman Indian River broiler is more sensitive to BCAA diet manipulation than males. Specifically, as dietary leucine is increased in female broilers, dietary isoleucine increases were needed to offset the negative effects. Both increases in dietary valine and isoleucine improved breast meat yield in female broilers, but only when birds were fed the lowest dietary leucine.
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Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Ribeiro R, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Cooney GJ, Simpson SJ. Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101198. [PMID: 33132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, valine, isoleucine) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, food intake and aging. Many studies report apparently inconsistent conclusions about the relationships between blood levels of BCAAs or dietary manipulation of BCAAs with age-related changes in body composition, sarcopenia, obesity, insulin and glucose metabolism, and aging biology itself. These divergent results can be resolved by consideration of the role of BCAAs as signalling molecules and the bidirectional mechanistic relationship between BCAAs and some aging phenotypes. The effects of BCAAs are also influenced by the background nutritional composition such as macronutrient ratios and imbalance with other amino acids. Understanding the interaction between BCAAs and other components of the diet may provide new opportunities for influencing age-related outcomes through manipulation of dietary BCAAs together with titration of macronutrient ratios and other amino acids.
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Niu T, Wang P, Li C, Dou T, Piao H, Li J, Sun L. 5-Aryl-furan derivatives bearing a phenylalanine- or isoleucine-derived rhodanine moiety as potential PTP1B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 106:104483. [PMID: 33268007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 5-aryl-furan derivatives bearing a phenylalanine- or isoleucine-derived rhodanine moiety were identified as competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors. Among the compounds studied, 5g was found to have the best PTP1B inhibitory potency (IC50 = 2.66 ± 0.16 µM) and the best cell division cycle 25 homolog B (CDC25B) inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.02 µM). Enzymatic data together with molecular modeling results demonstrated that the introduction of a sec-butyl group at the 2-position of the carboxyl group remarkably improved the PTP1B inhibitory activity.
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Margutti AVB, Silva WA, Garcia DF, de Molfetta GA, Marques AA, Amorim T, Prazeres VMG, Boy da Silva RT, Miura IK, Seda Neto J, Santos EDS, Santos MLSF, Lourenço CM, Tonon T, Sperb-Ludwig F, de Souza CFM, Schwartz IVD, Camelo JS. Maple syrup urine disease in Brazilian patients: variants and clinical phenotype heterogeneity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:309. [PMID: 33131499 PMCID: PMC7603684 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by deficient activity of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzymatic complex. BCKD is a mitochondrial complex encoded by BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD genes. MSUD is predominantly caused by Variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes encoding the E1α, E1β, and E2 subunits of BCKD complex, respectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of MSUD by identifying the point variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes in a cohort of Brazilian MSUD patients and to describe their phenotypic heterogeneity. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 21 MSUD patients involving molecular genotyping by Sanger sequencing. Results Eight new variants predicted as pathogenic were found between 30 variants (damaging and non-damaging) identified in the 21 patients analyzed: one in the BCKDHA gene (p.Tyr120Ter); five in the BCKDHB gene (p.Gly131Val, p.Glu146Glnfs * 13, p.Phe149Cysfs * 9, p.Cys207Phe, and p.Lys211Asn); and two in the DBT gene (p.Glu148Ter and p.Glu417Val). Seventeen pathogenic variants were previously described and five variants showed no pathogenicity according to in silico analysis.
Conclusion Given that most of the patients received late diagnoses, the study results do not allow us to state that the molecular features of MSUD variant phenotypes are predictive of clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitoria Barban Margutti
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3900 - HC Criança - off D506, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell, and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Medical Genomics at Clinics Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fantozzi Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell, and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Greice Andreotti de Molfetta
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell, and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Medical Genomics at Clinics Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Marques
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell, and Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Amorim
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais of Salvador, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Department of Life Sciences, Bahia State University, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Tavares Boy da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Sciences School, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tássia Tonon
- Posgraduate Programme in Medicine - Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences), Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Döederlein Schwartz
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Simon Camelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3900 - HC Criança - off D506, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Douglas TD, Newby LK, Eckstrand J, Wixted D, Singh RH. Lipid changes in the metabolome of a single case study with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) after five days of improved diet adherence of controlled branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100651. [PMID: 33088714 PMCID: PMC7567947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distinguishing systemic metabolic disruptions in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) beyond amino acid pathways is under-investigated, yet important to understanding disease pathology and treatment options. Methods An adolescent female (15 years) with MSUD without liver transplant, attended 2 study visits, 5 days apart. Medical diet adherence was determined based on her 3-day diet records and plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations at both study visits. Plasma from a single age- and sex-matched control (MURDOCK Study, Duke University) and the case patient were analyzed with UPLC/MS/MS for intensity (m/z), annotated, and normalized against a median of 1 (Metabolon, Morrisville NC). Differences between case/control and 5-day comparisons were defined as ≥ ǀ 0.5 ǀ. Results 434 lipid metabolites were identified across samples; 90 (20.7%) were higher and 120 (27.6%) lower in the MSUD case at baseline compared with control. By study visit 2, plasma BCAA had declined, while 48 (53%) of elevated lipids and 14 (11.7%) of lower lipid values had moved to within ǀ 0.5 ǀ of control. Most shifts towards control by day 5 were seen in long-chain fatty acid intermediates (42%) and acylcarnitines (32%). Although androgenic (28%) and bile acid (23%) metabolites increased towards control, neither reached control level by day 5. Discussion This comparative metabolomics study in a single MSUD case and healthy control suggests intrinsic differences in MSUD lipid metabolism potentially influenced by therapeutic diet. Findings suggest influences on hormone regulation, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis, but further studies are needed to confirm an association between MSUD and lipid dysregulation. Synopsis Within 5 days of improved dietary adherence, a single MSUD case experienced substantial changes in lipid markers potentially related to changes in plasma branched-chain amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa D. Douglas
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - L. Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Eckstrand
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Wixted
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rani H. Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yin L, Zhao Y, Zhou XQ, Yang C, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhou J, Zhao J, Jiang J. Effect of dietary isoleucine on skin mucus barrier and epithelial physical barrier functions of hybrid bagrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1759-1774. [PMID: 32654084 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on skin mucus barrier and epithelial physical barrier functions of hybrid bagrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. A total of 630 fish (33.11 ± 0.09 g) were fed semi-purified isonitrogenous diets containing 5.0 (control), 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile kg -1 diet for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary Ile increased (P < 0.05) in skin (1) mucus protein content and antimicrobial activity against three gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia ruckeri) and two gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus), (2) mucus lysofew information is available about the influencezyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities, and complement 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents, (3) intelectin 1 (intl1), intelectin 2 (intl2), c-type-lysozyme (c-LZM), g-type-lysozyme (g-LZM), and β-defensin mRNA levels. Dietary Ile decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, and up-regulated (P < 0.05) CuZnSOD, GST, GPX1a, muc5ac, muc5b, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), occludin, and claudin 3 mRNA levels in skin. These results indicated that Ile improved skin mucus barrier function via increasing mucus protein, C3 and C4, and IgM contents and antibacterial factors activities, and promoted epithelial physical barrier function via decreasing skin antioxidant damage and improving tight junction structure in hybrid bagrid catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Kumari S, Kumaran SS, Goyal V, Sharma RK, Sinha N, Dwivedi SN, Srivastava AK, Jagannathan NR. Identification of potential urine biomarkers in idiopathic parkinson's disease using NMR. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:442-449. [PMID: 32791135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopamine chemicals resulting in urinary incontinence, gastrointestinal dysfunction, gait impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. Study investigated urinary metabolic profiles of patients with idiopathic PD as compared to healthy controls (HC) to identify the potential biomarkers. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 100 PD subjects and 50 HC using standard protocol. Metabolomic analyses were performed using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The integral values of 17 significant metabolites were estimated and concentration values were calculated, which were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS We found significantly increased levels of ornithine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, β-hydroxybutyrate, tyrosine and succinate in the urine of patients with PD in comparison with HC. These metabolites exhibited area under the curve greater than 0.60 on ROC curve analysis. We also observed a significant association between succinate concentration and UPDRS motor scores of PD. DISCUSSION Metabolic pathway alterations were observed in aromatic amino acid metabolism, ketone bodies synthesis, branched chain amino acid metabolism and ornithine metabolism. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling revealed variations in urinary signatures associated with severity of idiopathic PD. This profiling relies on non-invasive sampling and is complementary to existing clinical modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Kumari
- NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Senthil Kumaran
- NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; Director Neurology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - S N Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - N R Jagannathan
- NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; Professor of Eminence of Radiology, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, TN 603103, India
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Ikeda H. Cross-correlation of plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids: A comparison between healthy participants and patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:201-210. [PMID: 32690159 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are known to exhibit strong intercorrelations; however, the associated regulatory mechanism is not sufficiently understood. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the intercorrelation changes in metabolic disorders with the disease are unclear. Therefore, plasma BCAAs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined. METHODS This study included a healthy group of older participants (Group C; n = 87, 46 males, 41 females) who had undergone health examinations at Sanyudo Hospital and a group of CKD patients (Group CKD; n = 71, 49 males, 22 females) receiving maintenance hemodialysis at the same hospital. Samples from Group C were collected 12 h after fasting. CKD samples were collected before and after hemodialysis (pre-HD and post-HD, respectively), without 12 h fasting. The samples were analyzed for 38 amino acids by SRL Inc., using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Differences between the plasma BCAA concentrations of Group C and pre-HD were determined. Dialysis-induced BCAA losses were different for each BCAA. However, strong intercorrelations between the plasma concentrations of each BCAA were maintained. In addition, the regression lines did not converge at the origin and were in different positions for groups C, pre-HD, and post-HD. A different distribution of the constant (b) for each group was observed for each BCAA correlation when a in the regression line (Y = aX + b) was fixed at the value for Group C, and b was calculated. CONCLUSION Strong intercorrelations among plasma concentrations of BCAAs were maintained in CKD patients both pre- and post-dialysis, whereas the changes in the plasma concentrations of each BCAA were different. We speculate that there is a novel mechanism that selectively regulates each BCAA and suggest that changes in the constant of the regression formula for correlation may have a novel function as an index for renal contribution to BCAA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanyudo Hospital, Chuo 6-1-219, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-0045, Japan.
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Grünert SC, Sass JO. 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:106. [PMID: 32345314 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1. Methods We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. Two hundred forty-four patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed. Results For 89.6% of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first 2 years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.
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Xu D, Wang Y, Jiao N, Qiu K, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang L, Yin J. The coordination of dietary valine and isoleucine on water holding capacity, pH value and protein solubility of fresh meat in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2020; 163:108074. [PMID: 32036285 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate coordination of dietary levels of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) on carcass traits and meat quality in pigs, 72 of 73.8 ± 1.6 kg crossbred barrows were randomly divided into a 2 (0.31% vs. 0.65% standard ileum digestible (SID) Val) × 2 (0.25% vs. 0.53% SID Ile) factorial arrangement. As a result, high dietary valine decreased myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I mRNA expression, pH24 h value, bound water amount (T21 peak area ratio), sarcoplasmic protein solubility and water holding capacity (WHC) of meat (P < .05). Meanwhile, high dietary isoleucine increased pH24 h value, sarcomere length (P < .05) and tend to decrease drip loss (P = .07). The significant interactions between valine and isoleucine were observed on backfat thickness, water distribution forms and myofibrillar protein solubility (P < .05) of pork. High valine diets undermined WHC of meat probably through decreasing pH24 h value and sarcoplasmic protein solubility considering their significant correlations with drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Gu C, Mao X, Chen D, Yu B, Yang Q. Isoleucine Plays an Important Role for Maintaining Immune Function. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:644-651. [PMID: 30843485 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190305163135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including immune functions. Isoleucine, as one of the branched chain amino acids, is also critical in physiological functions of the whole body, such as growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose transportation. Isoleucine can improve the immune system, including immune organs, cells and reactive substances. Recent studies have also shown that isoleucine may induce the expression of host defense peptides (i.e., β-defensins) that can regulate host innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, isoleucine administration can restore the effect of some pathogens on the health of humans and animals via increasing the expression of β-defensins. Therefore, the present review will emphatically discuss the effect of isoleucine on immunity while summarizing the relationship between branched chain amino acids and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Gu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease- Resistance Nutrition, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, KS, United States
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Ahola-Olli AV, Mustelin L, Kalimeri M, Kettunen J, Jokelainen J, Auvinen J, Puukka K, Havulinna AS, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Juonala M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Salomaa V, Perola M, Järvelin MR, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari O, Würtz P. Circulating metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 11,896 young adults from four Finnish cohorts. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2298-2309. [PMID: 31584131 PMCID: PMC6861432 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metabolomics technologies have identified numerous blood biomarkers for type 2 diabetes risk in case-control studies of middle-aged and older individuals. We aimed to validate existing and identify novel metabolic biomarkers predictive of future diabetes in large cohorts of young adults. METHODS NMR metabolomics was used to quantify 229 circulating metabolic measures in 11,896 individuals from four Finnish observational cohorts (baseline age 24-45 years). Associations between baseline metabolites and risk of developing diabetes during 8-15 years of follow-up (392 incident cases) were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and fasting glucose. Prospective metabolite associations were also tested with fasting glucose, 2 h glucose and HOMA-IR at follow-up. RESULTS Out of 229 metabolic measures, 113 were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in meta-analysis of the four cohorts (ORs per 1 SD: 0.59-1.50; p< 0.0009). Among the strongest biomarkers of diabetes risk were branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (OR 1.31-1.33) and triacylglycerol within VLDL particles (OR 1.33-1.50), as well as linoleic n-6 fatty acid (OR 0.75) and non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL particles (OR 0.59). The metabolic biomarkers were more strongly associated with deterioration in post-load glucose and insulin resistance than with future fasting hyperglycaemia. A multi-metabolite score comprised of phenylalanine, non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL and the ratio of cholesteryl ester to total lipid in large VLDL was associated with future diabetes risk (OR 10.1 comparing individuals in upper vs lower fifth of the multi-metabolite score) in one of the cohorts (mean age 31 years). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metabolic biomarkers across multiple molecular pathways are already predictive of the long-term risk of diabetes in young adults. Comprehensive metabolic profiling may help to target preventive interventions for young asymptomatic individuals at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari V Ahola-Olli
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, 28500, Pori, Finland.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Nightingale Health Ltd, Mannerheimintie 164a, 00300, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kalimeri
- Nightingale Health Ltd, Mannerheimintie 164a, 00300, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Oulunkaari Primary Health Care Unit, Ii, Finland
| | - Katri Puukka
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Nordlab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Healthcare and Social Services of Selanne, Pyhasalmi, Finland
- Diabetes Unit, Healthcare Services of City of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Würtz
- Nightingale Health Ltd, Mannerheimintie 164a, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhao Y, Tian G, Chen D, Zheng P, Yu J, He J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Yu B. Effect of different dietary protein levels and amino acids supplementation patterns on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 31534715 PMCID: PMC6745769 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels and amino acids supplementation patterns in low protein diets on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in growing-finishing pigs. Forty-two barrows (25.00 ± 0.39 kg) were randomly assigned to 7 diets. Diet 1: the high crude protein diet with balanced for 10 essential amino acids (EAAs). Diet 2: the medium crude protein diet with 2% (approx) decreased protein level of Diet 1 and balanced 10 EAAs. Diet 3: the low crude protein diet with 4% decreased protein level of Diet 1 and balanced 10 EAAs. The protein levels of Diet 4, 5, 6 and 7 were the same as that of Diet 3. Diet 4 was only balanced for lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr) and tryptophan (Trp); Diet 5 and 6 were further supplemented with extra isoleucine (Ile) or valine (Val), respectively; Diet 7 was further supplemented with extra Ile + Val. Results Over the 112 days trial, the reduction of dietary protein by 2% or 4% with balanced10 EAAs significantly decreased nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05), but had no effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). In low protein diet, Val supplementation significantly increased body weight gain at 25–50 kg phase (P < 0.05), while Ile supplementation at 75–100 kg phase and 100–125 kg phase significantly reduced the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). No effect of different dietary protein levels and amino acids supplementation patterns in low protein diets on carcass characteristics was observed (P > 0.05). The total N excretion of pigs supplemented with only Lys, Met, Thr and Trp was numerically higher than that of pigs fed with extra Ile, or Val, or Ile + Val diets. Conclusion In low protein diet, Val is more required than Ile in the early growing phage (25–50 kg), while Ile becomes more required in the late growing and finishing phage (75–125 kg). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0381-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
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Scully SM, Orlygsson J. Branched-chain amino acid catabolism of Thermoanaerobacter strain AK85 and the influence of culture conditions on branched-chain alcohol formation. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1039-54. [PMID: 31134352 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioprocessing of amino acids to branched-chain fatty acids and alcohols is described using Thermoanaerobacter strain AK85. The amino acid utilization profile was evaluated without an electron scavenger, with thiosulfate, and in a co-culture with a methanogen. There was an emphasis on the production of branched-chain alcohols and fatty acids from the branched-chain amino acids, particularly the influence of culture conditions which was investigated using isoleucine, which revealed that the concentration of thiosulfate was of great importance for the branched-chain alcohols/fatty acid ratio produced. Kinetic studies show that branched-chain amino acid fermentation is relatively slow as compared to glucose metabolism with the concentrations of the branched-chain alcohol increasing over time. To understand the flow of electrons and to investigate if the branched-chain fatty acid was being converted to branched-chain alcohol, enzyme assays and fermentation studies using 13C-labeled leucine and 3-methyl-1-butyrate were performed which indeed suggest that carboxylic acid reduction is a source of branched-chain alcohols when Thermoanaerobacter strain AK85 was cultivated with thiosulfate as an electron scavenger.
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Mirmiran P, Teymoori F, Asghari G, Azizi F. Dietary Intakes of Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Incidence of Hypertension: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Iran Med 2019; 22:182-188. [PMID: 31126176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary amino acids have been associated with blood pressure (BP) in previous studies; we conducted this study to examine the association between dietary branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the incidence of hypertension among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). METHODS Analyses were conducted on 4,288 participants aged 20-70 years, who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008- 2011) and were followed for 3 years (2011-2014) to ascertain incident hypertension. Dietary intakes of BCAAs including, valine, leucine, and isoleucine were collected at baseline using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratio (OR) of hypertension were determined by logistic regression across quartiles of BCAAs, adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and some dietary factors. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation for age and BMI of participants (41.9% men) were 39.7 ± 12.8 years and 26.9 ± 4.6 kg/ m2 , respectively. The median intakes of total BCAAs, valine, leucine, and isoleucine was 17.9, 5.5, 7.8, and 4.5 percentage of total amino acids intake, respectively. We documented 429 (10%) hypertension incident cases. The multivariable adjusted OR for the highest vs lowest quartiles of BCAAs was 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.03-2.32; P for trend = 0.05); furthermore, the OR (95% CI) of hypertension for the highest vs the lowest quartile of valine was 1.61 (1.10-2.36; P for trend = 0.009) in the fully adjusted model. However, we found no significant association between leucine and isoleucine with incidence of hypertension. CONCLUSION Findings indicated that higher BCAA intake, in particular valine, is associated with higher risk of incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Andersen JV, Skotte NH, Aldana BI, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS. Enhanced cerebral branched-chain amino acid metabolism in R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2449-61. [PMID: 30830240 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and fatal disease causing profound neurodegeneration. Deficits in cerebral energy and neurotransmitter metabolism have been suggested to play a central role in the neuronal dysfunction and death associated with HD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are important for cerebral nitrogen homeostasis, neurotransmitter recycling and can be utilized as energy substrates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Reduced levels of BCAAs in HD have been validated by several reports. However, it is still unknown how cerebral BCAA metabolism is regulated in HD. Here we investigate the metabolism of leucine and isoleucine in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Acutely isolated cerebral cortical and striatal slices of control and R6/2 mice were incubated in media containing 15N- or 13C-labeled leucine or isoleucine and slice extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine isotopic enrichment of derived metabolites. Elevated BCAA transamination was found from incubations with [15N]leucine and [15N]isoleucine, in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice compared to controls. Metabolism of [U-13C]leucine and [U-13C]isoleucine, entering oxidative metabolism as acetyl CoA, was maintained in R6/2 mice. However, metabolism of [U-13C]isoleucine, entering the TCA cycle as succinyl CoA, was elevated in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice, suggesting enhanced metabolic flux via this anaplerotic pathway. To support the metabolic studies, expression of enzymes in the BCAA metabolic pathway was assessed from a proteomic resource. Several enzymes related to BCAA metabolism were found to exhibit augmented expression in the R6/2 brain, particularly related to isoleucine metabolism, suggesting an increase in the BCAA metabolic machinery. Our results show that the capacity for cerebral BCAA metabolism, predominantly of isoleucine, is amplified in the R6/2 brain and indicates that perturbations in cerebral BCAA homeostasis could have functional consequences for HD pathology.
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Luo Y, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Jiao N, Qiu K, Yin J. Surplus dietary isoleucine intake enhanced monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 30598820 PMCID: PMC6302484 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isoleucine (Ile) has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. However, the impact of surplus dietary Ile intake on muscle lipogenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of extra-Ile on lipogenesis, fatty acid profile and lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle in finishing pigs. Methods Forty-eight barrows with initial body weight of 77.0 ± 0.1 kg were allotted to one of two groups and fed diets containing 0.39%, 0.53% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile with six replicates per treatment and four pigs per replicate for 30 d. Results Dietary Ile intake significantly improved the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), and decreased the drip loss and shear force (P < 0.05) without influencing the growth performance of pigs (P > 0.05). Moreover, the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) proteins that monitor lipid metabolism were decreased in skeletal muscle of pigs offered extra-Ile diet (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of adipose-specific genes adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were upregulated and the activity of SCD was increased as well (P < 0.05). Conclusions Surplus dietary Ile intake could increase IMF accumulation and MUFA synthesis in skeletal muscle through depressing the phosphorylation of AMPKα-ACC and stimulating the expression and activity of SCD, and increasing the capability of lipogenesis in skeletal muscle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0306-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Luo
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhengpeng Zhu
- Technology Research and Development Department, New Hope Liuhe Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Kai Qiu
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Le TT, Shafaei A, Genoni A, Christophersen C, Devine A, Lo J, Wall PL, Boyce MC. Development and validation of a simple LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of trimethylamine-N-oxide and branched chain amino acids in human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1019-28. [PMID: 30552494 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum branched chain amino acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide are monitored as potential indicators of diabetes and cardiovascular health respectively. A rapid method for their simultaneous determination using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is described here. Branched chain amino acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide were quantified based on their specific MS/MS fragments using a selected reaction monitoring approach. A number of columns were tested for their ability to separate the analytes. A C18-PFP column separated the analytes in just 4 minutes, and resulted in excellent peak shape and retention time repeatability, and was therefore chosen as the optimal column. A second column, the Intrada Amino Acid column, was chosen for comparison and validation experiments as it provided an orthogonal separation mechanism. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 12% for trimethylamine-N-oxide and less than 6% for the branched chain amino acids. Recoveries, where serum was spiked with three different concentrations of the analytes, ranged from 97 to 113%. The LODs and LOQs for trimethylamine-N-oxide were 1 and 6 ng/mL, for leucine and isoleucine were 4 and 8 ng/mL, and for valine were 5 and 15 ng/mL, respectively. The C18-PFP column method was validated using the Intrada Amino Acid column method and percentage agreement for all four analytes was within 10%. Sample preparation was minimal, and use of labelled internal standards accounted for matrix effects. The method was successfully applied to human plasma samples. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Reddy P, Leong J, Jialal I. Amino acid levels in nascent metabolic syndrome: A contributor to the pro-inflammatory burden. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:465-469. [PMID: 29559272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardio-metabolic risk factors characterized by low-grade inflammation which confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prior studies have linked elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) with T2DM and CVD. Due to the paucity of data in MetS, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of amino acids as early biomarkers of nascent MetS patients without T2DM and CVD or smoking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy controls (n = 20) and MetS (n = 29) patients were recruited for the study. MetS was defined by criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III of having at least 3 risk factors. Urinary amino acids were quantified by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry at the Western NIH Metabolomics Center as expressed to urinary creatinine. RESULTS Tyrosine and Isoleucine levels were significantly elevated in MetS patients. Isoleucine positively correlated with salient cardio-metabolic features and inflammatory biomarkers. Lysine and Methionine levels were decreased in MetS patients. Lysine correlated negatively with cardio-metabolic features and inflammatory bimarkers. Methionine also correlated negatively with blood pressure and certain inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our novel results suggest that with regards to the cardio-metabolic risk factors and pro-inflammatory features of MetS, isoleucine (BCAA) demonstrated a positive correlation while lysine demonstrated a negative correlation. Thus, increased levels of isoleucine and decreased levels of lysine could be potential early biomarkers of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Reddy
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Leong
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States.
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Wang L, Han Y, Jiang Z, Sun M, Si B, Chen F, Bao N. Interactive effects of dietary leucine and isoleucine on growth, blood parameters, and amino acid profile of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1265-1278. [PMID: 28401329 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the interactions of dietary leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) on Japanese flounder. Fish of 2.69 ± 0.04 g were fed experimental diets containing two levels of Leu (2.58 and 5.08% of diet) combined with three levels of Ile (1.44, 2.21, and 4.44% of diet), respectively. After the feeding trial, growth, proximate composition, muscle total amino acid profile, blood parameters, mucus lysozyme activity, and stress tolerance to freshwater were measured. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) interactive effects of Leu and Ile were found on growth parameters (final body weight, body weight gain, and special growth rate) of Japanese flounder. Antagonism was discovered in high dietary Leu groups, while stimulatory effects were obtained for increased dietary Ile in low Leu groups. Interactive effects of these two branched-chain amino acids were also found on hepatosomatic index of test fish. In addition, crude lipid content of fish whole body was significantly altered by various diets, with antagonism observed in low dietary Leu groups. Interactive effects also existed in muscle amino acid profiles for low fish meal diets, but no interactive impacts were observed on blood parameters. Furthermore, lysozyme activities and freshwater stress were significantly affected by different diets. And antagonism was found on lysozyme activities in low Leu groups. Moreover, high Leu and high Ile levels of diet significantly altered freshwater stress tolerance of Japanese flounder. These findings suggested that dietary Leu and Ile can effect interactively, and fish fed with diets containing 2.58% Leu with 4.44% Ile and 5.08% Leu with 1.44% Ile showed better growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Menglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bin Si
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Bao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
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Huang T, Jander G. Abscisic acid-regulated protein degradation causes osmotic stress-induced accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 2017; 246:737-747. [PMID: 28668976 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Whereas proline accumulates through de novo biosynthesis in plants subjected to osmotic stress, leucine, isoleucine, and valine accumulation in drought-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana is caused by abscisic acid-regulated protein degradation. In response to several kinds of abiotic stress, plants greatly increase their accumulation of free amino acids. Although stress-induced proline increases have been studied the most extensively, the fold-increase of other amino acids, in particular branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine), is often higher than that of proline. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), BCAAs accumulate in response to drought, salt, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, herbicide treatment, and nitrogen starvation. Plants that are deficient in abscisic acid signaling accumulate lower amounts of BCAAs, but not proline and most other amino acids. Previous bioinformatic studies had suggested that amino acid synthesis, rather than protein degradation, is responsible for the observed BCAA increase in osmotically stressed Arabidopsis. However, whereas treatment with the protease inhibitor MG132 decreased drought-induced BCAA accumulation, inhibition of BCAA biosynthesis with the acetolactate synthase inhibitors chlorsulfuron and imazapyr did not. Additionally, overexpression of BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID TRANSFERASE2 (BCAT2), which is upregulated in response to osmotic stress and functions in BCAA degradation, decreased drought-induced BCAA accumulation. Together, these results demonstrate that BCAA accumulation in osmotically stressed Arabidopsis is primarily the result of protein degradation. After relief of the osmotic stress, BCAA homeostasis is restored over time by amino acid degradation involving BCAT2. Thus, drought-induced BCAA accumulation is different from that of proline, which is accumulated due to de novo synthesis in an abscisic acid-independent manner and remains elevated for a more prolonged period of time after removal of the osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Huang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Keygene Inc, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Wolfe RR. Branched-chain amino acids and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth or reality? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14:30. [PMID: 28852372 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are leucine, valine and isoleucine. A multi-million dollar industry of nutritional supplements has grown around the concept that dietary supplements of BCAAs alone produce an anabolic response in humans driven by a stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. In this brief review the theoretical and empirical bases for that claim are discussed. Theoretically, the maximal stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the post-absorptive state in response to BCAAs alone is the difference between muscle protein breakdown and muscle protein synthesis (about 30% greater than synthesis), because the other EAAs required for synthesis of new protein can only be derived from muscle protein breakdown. Realistically, a maximal increase in muscle protein synthesis of 30% is an over-estimate because the obligatory oxidation of EAAs can never be completely suppressed. An extensive search of the literature has revealed no studies in human subjects in which the response of muscle protein synthesis to orally-ingested BCAAs alone was quantified, and only two studies in which the effect of intravenously infused BCAAs alone was assessed. Both of these intravenous infusion studies found that BCAAs decreased muscle protein synthesis as well as protein breakdown, meaning a decrease in muscle protein turnover. The catabolic state in which the rate of muscle protein breakdown exceeded the rate of muscle protein synthesis persisted during BCAA infusion. We conclude that the claim that consumption of dietary BCAAs stimulates muscle protein synthesis or produces an anabolic response in human subjects is unwarranted.
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