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Lin TJ. The Influence of Large Pendent Groups on Chain Anisotropy and Electrical Energy Loss of Polyimides at High Frequency through All-Atomic Molecular Simulation. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300479. [PMID: 37802978 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyimide is a potential material for high-performance printed circuit boards because of its chemical stability and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Flexible printed circuit boards must have a low static dielectric constant and dielectric loss to reduce signal loss in high-speed communication devices. Engineering the molecular structure of polyimides with large pendant groups is a strategy to reduce their dielectric constant. However, there is no systematic study on how the large pendant groups influence electrical energy loss. We integrated all-atomic molecular dynamics and semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations to examine the influence of pendant groups on polymer chain anisotropy and electrical energy loss at high frequencies. We analyzed the radius of gyration, relative shape anisotropy, dipole moment, and degree of polarization of the selected polyimides (TPAHF, TmBPHF, TpBPHF, MPDA, TriPMPDA, m-PDA, and m-TFPDA). The simulation results show that anisotropy perpendicular to chain direction and local chain rigidity correlate to electrical energy loss rather than dipole moment magnitudes. Polyimides with anisotropic pendant groups and significant local chain rigidity reduce electrical energy loss. The degree of polarization correlated well with the dielectric loss with a moderate computational cost, and difficulties in directly calculating the dielectric loss were circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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Das A, Fehse S, Polack M, Panneerselvam R, Belder D. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Probing in Digital Microfluidics through a Microspray Hole. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1262-1272. [PMID: 36577121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel approach for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in digital microfluidics (DMF). This is made possible by a microspray hole (μSH) that uses an electrostatic spray (ESTAS) for sample transfer from inside the chip to an external SERS substrate. To realize this, a new ESTAS-compatible stationary SERS substrate was developed and characterized for sensitive and reproducible SERS measurements. In a proof-of-concept study, we successfully applied the approach to detect various analyte molecules using the DMF chip and achieved micro-molar detection limits. Moreover, this technique was exemplarily employed to study an organic reaction occurring in the DMF device, providing vibrational spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Das
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fehse
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Polack
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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3
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Zhi X, Wang H, Jia J, Wang X, Gao Y, Chen S, Liu J. Preparation and characterization of photo‐decomposable ester‐containing semi‐alicyclic polyimide alignment layers for potential applications in in‐plane switching thin‐film transistor liquid crystal display devices. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Xin Zhi
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Hua‐Sen Wang
- Polyimide Research Center, POME Technology Co. Ltd. Liaocheng China
| | - Jie Jia
- Polyimide Research Center, POME Technology Co. Ltd. Liaocheng China
| | - Xiao‐Lei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Yan‐Shuang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Jing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Jin‐Gang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China
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4
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Zhi XX, Wang HS, Jia J, Gao YS, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Liu JG. Preparation and properties of laterally tert-butyl-substituted cyclohexyl-containing polyimide alignment layers with high pretilt angles for potential applications in twisted-nematic TFT-LCDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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A Facile Strategy for Intrinsic Low-Dk and Low-Df Polyimides Enabled by Spirobifluorene Groups. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Interfacially-confined polyetherimide tubular membranes for H2, CO2 and N2 separations. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Liu J, Li J, Wang T, Huang D, Li Z, Zhong A, Liu W, Sui Y, Liu Q, Niu F, Zhang G, Sun R. Organosoluble thermoplastic polyimide with improved thermal stability and UV absorption for temporary bonding and debonding in ultra-thin chip package. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Wei X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Fu S, Xia R. Detailed study on rubbed PFN‐Br as alignment layer for liquid crystalline conjugated polymer chain‐orientation. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Wei
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced materials 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing CHINA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced materials 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing CHINA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced materials 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing CHINA
| | - Shuai Fu
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced materials 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing CHINA
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced Materials 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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9
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Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Comb-Like Renewable Chavicol-Modified Polystyrene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050819. [PMID: 33800044 PMCID: PMC7962123 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates liquid crystal (LC) alignment behaviors on the surface of phytochemical-based and renewable chavicol-modified polystyrene (PCHA#, # = 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100, where # represent the molar content of chavicol moiety in the side group) via polymer modification reactions. Generally, a LC cell fabricated with a polymer film containing a high molar content of the chavicol side group exhibited a vertical LC alignment property. There is a correlation between the vertical alignment of LC molecules and the polar surface energy value of the polymer films. Therefore, vertical LC alignment was observed when the polar surface energy values of these polymer films were smaller than about 1.3 mJ/m2, induced by the nonpolar chavicol moiety having long and bulky carbon groups. Aligning stability under harsh conditions such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of about 5 J/cm2 was observed in the LC cells fabricated from PCHA100 film. Therefore, it was found that the plant-based chavicol-substituted polymer system can produce an eco-friendly and sustainable LC alignment layer for next-generation applications.
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Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on 4- n-Alkyloxyphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrene Containing Liquid Crystal Precursor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050736. [PMID: 33673579 PMCID: PMC7956854 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives that were modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules, such as 4-ethyloxyphenol (homopolymer PEOP and copolymer PEOP#; # = 20, 40, 60, and 80, where # indicates the molar fraction of 4-ethyloxyphenoxymethyl in the side chain), 4-n-butyloxyphenol (PBOP), 4-n-hexyloxyphenol (PHOP), and 4-n-octyloxyphenol (POOP), via polymer modification reaction to investigate the orientation of LC molecules on polymer films, exhibiting part of the LC molecular structure. LC molecules showed a stable and uniform vertical orientation in LC cells fabricated with polymers that have 4-ethyloxyphenoxymethyl in the range of 40–100 mol%. In addition, similar results were obtained in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of PEOP, PBOP, PHOP, and POOP. The vertical orientation of LC molecules in LC cells fabricated with polymer films correlated to the surface energy of polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation was observed when the total surface energies of the polymer films were lower than approximately 43.2 mJ/m2. Good alignment stabilities were observed at 150 °C and 20 J/cm2 of ultraviolet irradiation for LC cells fabricated with PEOP film.
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11
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Xu W, Li X, Zheng Y, Yuan W, Zhou J, Yu C, Bao Y, Shan G, Pan P. Hierarchical ordering and multilayer structure of poly(ε-caprolactone) end-functionalized by a liquid crystalline unit: role of polymer crystallization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates the role of polymer crystallization in the structural organization of LC end-functionalized polymers and offers a potential method to tune the hierarchical structures of end-functionalized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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12
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Bi HS, Zhi XX, Wu PH, Zhang Y, Wu L, Tan YY, Jia YJ, Liu JG, Zhang XM. Preparation and Characterization of Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Resins and the Derived Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystal Display Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010217. [PMID: 31952358 PMCID: PMC7023591 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniform alignment of rigid-rod liquid crystal (LC) molecules under applied voltage is critical for achievement of high-quality display for thin-film transistor-driven liquid crystal display devices (TFT-LCDs). The polymeric components that can induce the alignment of randomly aligned LC molecules are called alignment layers (ALs). In the current work, a series of organo-soluble polyimide (SPI) ALs were designed and prepared from an alicyclic dianhydride, hydrogenated 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (HBPDA), and various aromatic diamines, including 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) for SPI-1, 4,4'-aminodianiline (NDA) for SPI-2, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TMMDA) for SPI-3, and 3,3'-diethyl-5,5'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DMDEDA) for SPI-4. The derived SPI resins were all soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Four SPI alignment agents with the solid content of 6 wt.% were prepared by dissolving the SPI resins in the mixed solvent of NMP and butyl cellulose (BC) (NMP/BC = 80:20, weight ratio). Liquid crystal minicells were successfully fabricated using the developed SPI varnishes as the LC molecule alignment components. The SPI ALs showed good alignment ability for the LC molecules with the pretilt angles in the range of 1.58°-1.97°. The LC minicells exhibited good optoelectronic characteristics with voltage holding ratio (VHR) values higher than 96%. The good alignment ability of the SPI ALs is mainly attributed to the good comprehensive properties of the SPI layers, including high volume resistivity, high degree of imidization at the processing temperature (230 °C), good rubbing resistance, good thermal stability with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) higher than 260 °C, and excellent optical transparency with the transmittance higher than 97% at the wavelength of 550 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-sheng Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Xin-xin Zhi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Peng-hui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Lin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Yao-yao Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Yan-Jiang Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Jin-gang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (H.-s.B.); (X.-x.Z.); (P.-h.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.-y.T.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.-g.L.); (X.-m.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8232-2972 (J.-g.L. & X.-m.Z.)
| | - Xiu-min Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (J.-g.L.); (X.-m.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8232-2972 (J.-g.L. & X.-m.Z.)
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13
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Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Tribology and Lubricant Detection—A Prospective. LUBRICANTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants7090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) are fast, convenient, and non-destructive molecular detection techniques, which provide a practical method for studying interfacial reactions with high resolution and accuracy. Both techniques are able to provide quantitative and qualitative information on the chemical properties, conformational changes, order state, and molecular orientation of various surfaces. This paper aims at summarizing the research efforts in the field of SERS and TERS related to tribological systems with a special emphasis on thin film and nanoparticles. This overview starts with a brief introduction for both techniques. Afterwards, it summarizes pros and cons of both techniques related to the advanced characterization of tribologically induced reactions layers. Moreover, the feasibility of both techniques to evaluate the friction and wear performance of new lubricant additives including solid lubricants is discussed. At the end of this review article, the main challenges and future directions in this field are prospected to emphasize the development direction of SERS and TERS in tribology and lubricants.
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Zeng X, Zhang S, Zheng N, Yu S, Li X, Ageishi M, Lotz B, Liu G, Cao Y. Diversified α-phase nanostructure of isotactic polypropylene under cylindrical confinement via cross diffraction analysis. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Qian C, Bei R, Zhu T, Zheng W, Liu S, Chi Z, Aldred MP, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu J. Facile Strategy for Intrinsic Low- k Dielectric Polymers: Molecular Design Based on Secondary Relaxation Behavior. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qian
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Runxin Bei
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiwen Zheng
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Matthew. P. Aldred
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Vertical Liquid Crystal Alignment of Comb-Like Alkyl Hydroxybenzoate-Substituted Polystyrene. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9060281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the liquid crystal (LC) alignment behaviors of butyl hydroxybenzoate-substituted polystyrene (PBHB#; # = 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100, where # indicates the molar fraction of butyl hydroxybenzoate in the side chain), methyl hydroxybenzoate-substituted polystyrene (PMHB100), and ethyl hydroxybenzoate-substituted polystyrene (PEHB100). Generally, LC cells made employing polymer films having longer alkyl groups in the side chain show vertical LC alignment. For instance, a LC cell fabricated with the PMHB100 film showed random planar LC alignment, while the LC cells made from the PEHB100 and PBHB100 films exhibited vertical LC alignment. Moreover, LC cells prepared from a polymer film having a higher molar content of butyl hydroxybenzoate in the side chain exhibited vertical LC alignment. The observed vertical LC alignment behaviors are closely related to the surface energy of these polymer films. For instance, vertical LC alignment was observed when the surface energy of the polymer film was less than ~43.86 mJ/m2, which could result from the nonpolar alkyl groups of the alkyl hydroxybenzoate moiety. The LC cell prepared from PBHB100 as the LC alignment layer showed good electro-optical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio, residual DC voltage, and alignment stability at 200 °C.
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Wang ZH, Yang HX, Yang SY. Quartz fiber cloth-reinforced semi-aromatic thermosetting polyimide composite with high-frequency low dielectric constant. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319853028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of semi-aromatic thermosetting polyimide (PI) resins that can be used as matrix for copper-clad laminates for high-frequency applications. The poly(amic ester) (PAE) resins derived from the diester of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, aromatic diamines (the mixture of 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine and 2,2′-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane), and the monoester of nadic anhydride were synthesized by Polymerization of Monomer Reactants (PMR) method. The structure conversion of PAE resins at different temperatures was investigated and the B-stage PI powders prepared by thermally baking the PAE resins at 220°C are nearly fully imidized. The viscosities of the B-stage PI powders and the mechanical and thermal properties of the cured PI resins were optimized by varying the molar ratio of the two diamines. The cured PI resins possess low and steady dielectric constants ( Dk) below 3.0 and dielectric dissipation factors ( Df) of less than 0.01 at high frequency of 1–12 GHz. Furthermore, the quartz fiber cloth-reinforced semi-aromatic thermosetting PI composites (QF/PI) exhibit excellent dielectric performance, good heat resistance, and mechanical properties. At a high frequency of 1–12 GHz, the Dk of QF/PI-4 is stable in the range of 3.16–3.2, and the Df is stable in the range of 0.0026–0.0046. These results suggest the potential of the semi-aromatic QF/PI for use in high-frequency IC boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-he Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-xia Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-yong Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
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Liu YW, Tang LS, Qu LJ, Liu SW, Chi ZG, Zhang Y, Xu JR. Synthesis and Properties of High Performance Functional Polyimides Containing Rigid Nonplanar Conjugated Fluorene Moieties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Ju C, Park C, Kim T, Kang H. Vertical alignment of liquid crystals on plant-based vanillin derivative-substituted polystyrene films. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14188-14193. [PMID: 35519337 PMCID: PMC9064025 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based and renewable vanillin substituted polystyrene series are synthesized in order to investigate their liquid crystal alignment properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
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Nemati H, Liu S, Moheghi A, Tondiglia VP, Lee KM, Bunning TJ, Yang DK. Enhanced reflection band broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Ju C, Kim T, Kang H. Renewable, Eugenol-Modified Polystyrene Layer for Liquid Crystal Orientation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020201. [PMID: 30966237 PMCID: PMC6415104 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of plant-based and renewable, eugenol-modified polystyrene (PEUG#) (# = 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100, in which # is the molar content of the eugenol moiety in the side group). Eugenol is extracted from clove oil. We used polymer modification reactions to determine the liquid crystal (LC) orientation properties of the polymer films. In general, the LC cells fabricated using the polymer films with a higher molar content of eugenol side groups exhibited vertical LC orientation behavior. The vertical orientation behavior was well correlated with the surface energy value of the polymer films. The vertical LC orientation could be formed due to the low polar surface energy value on the polymer film generated by the nonpolar carbon group. Electro-optical performances (e.g., voltage holding ratio (VHR), residual DC voltage (R-DC), and thermal orientation stabilities) were good enough to be observed for LC cells using PEUG100 polymer as an eco-friendly LC orientation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea.
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22
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Kim T, Ju C, Kang H. Vertical liquid crystal orientation of phytochemical-based oryzanol modified polystyrene. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1569-1575. [PMID: 35540878 PMCID: PMC9077131 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid crystal (LC) orientation properties on phytochemical oryzanol modified polystyrene film were investigated. This can contribute to development of eco-friendly LC orientation layers based on bioavailable resources containing polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
| | - Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
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23
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Wei S, Yu Q, Fan Z, Liu S, Chi Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu J. Fabricating high thermal conductivity rGO/polyimide nanocomposite films via a freeze-drying approach. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22169-22176. [PMID: 35541724 PMCID: PMC9081100 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PI composite films with excellent thermal conductivity (as high as 2.78 W m−1 K−1) have been fabricated by a freeze drying approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wei
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Qiaoxi Yu
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Zhenguo Fan
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab
- GD HPPC Lab
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Materials Science Institute
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24
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Zhang K, Yu Q, Zhu L, Liu S, Chi Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu J. The Preparations and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Polyimide Films Containing Amide Moieties. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E677. [PMID: 30965976 PMCID: PMC6418874 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible displays are a systematic revolution in the field of display, in which high-performance and high-barrier polymer substrates are considered to be one of the most important key materials. In this work, high water vapor barrier polyimides containing amide moieties were synthesized via the ternary polymerization of 4,4'-diaminobenzailide (DABA), 4,4'-diaminodipheny ether (ODA), and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) followed by thermal imidization. The relationship between the content of amide moieties and the water vapor barrier property of the prepared polyimides was studied by means of density test, water absorbing test, water contact angle test, water vapor permeation test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WXRD), mechanical performance test, etc. The results show that the introduction of amide groups into polyimide (PI) main chains can improve the water vapor barrier properties of the polyimides effectively. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the polyimide films can be improved from 8.2365 g·(m²·24 h)-1 to 0.8670 g·(m²·24 h)-1 with the increasing content of amide moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Qiaoxi Yu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Longji Zhu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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25
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Control of Molecular Ordering, Alignment, and Charge Transport in Solution-Processed Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9060212. [PMID: 30970891 PMCID: PMC6432227 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology of conjugated polymers is a critical factor that significantly affects intrinsic charge transport characteristics and in turn performance of polymer-based devices. Morphological defects including misaligned crystalline grains and grain boundaries significantly impede efficient charge hopping between transport sites, resulting in degradation of device performance. Therefore, one important challenge is to control morphology of active polymer thin-films for achieving high performance flexible electronic devices. In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in morphology control of conjugated polymer thin-films using solution-based processing techniques. This review focuses on recent advances in processing strategies that can tune the morphologies and thus impact charge transport properties of conjugated polymer thin films. Of the available processing strategies, polymer solution treatments and film deposition techniques will be mainly highlighted. The correlation between processing conditions, active layer morphologies, and device performance will be also be discussed.
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26
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Rijeesh K, Higuchi H, Okumura Y, Yamamoto J, Kikuchi H. Liquid crystal anchoring transitions and weak anchoring interface formation at surfaces created by uniquely designed acrylate copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Ju C, Kim T, Kang H. Liquid crystal alignment behaviors on capsaicin substituted polystyrene films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid crystal (LC) alignment behavior on plant-based capsaicin substituted polystyrene film was investigated. This can give the basic idea for the design of eco-friendly LC alignment layer based on renewable resource containing polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
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28
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Ding SY, You EM, Yi J, Li JF, Tian ZQ. Further expanding versatility of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: from non-traditional SERS-active to SERS-inactive substrates and single shell-isolated nanoparticle. Faraday Discuss 2017; 205:457-468. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was initiated over four decades ago, its practical application seems to be far behind the fundamental research that has made tremendous progress. SERS as a highly sensitive technique has not been widely adopted by the materials science and surface science communities or in the market of analytical instruments. In this discussion, we first classify the previous approaches along this direction over the past four decades and divide them into three strategies. Based on our recent theoretical and experimental approaches, we discuss in more detail the third strategy related to shell-isolated nanostructures. It can significantly expand the SERS study on nontraditional SERS-active (i.e. weakly SERS-active) materials (e.g. Pt, Ni, Fe, etc.) and even SERS-inactive materials (e.g. Si and Al2O3). We then focus on a single shell-isolated nanoparticle and how to controllably locate the strong electromagnetic field just at the probe surface of various materials. The use of side illumination at a high incident angle and/or nanocubes can further enhance the Raman signal by one to two orders of magnitude, which could be helpful for quantitative studies for surface science, heterogeneous catalysis, and soft matter science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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29
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Yi L, Huang W, Yan D. Polyimides with side groups: Synthesis and effects of side groups on their properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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30
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Hahm SG, Lee SW, Suh J, Chae B, Kim SB, Lee SJ, Lee KH, Jung JC, Ree M. Rubbed Thin Films of Well-defined Brush Polyimides for Flat-Panel Liquid Crystal Displays: Surface Morphology, Molecular Orientation, and Liquid Crystal Alignability. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008306068117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined brush polyimide (PI) composed of two 4- n-alkyloxyphenyloxy bristles per repeat unit on a semi-rigid poly(4,4′-methylenyldiphenylene pyromellitimide), Cm-PMDA-MDA PIs, were synthesized and their nanoscale thin films prepared by conventional spin-coating of their soluble poly(amic acid) precursor solutions and subsequent drying and thermal imidization in a nitrogen atmosphere. All the PIs were determined to be a positively birefringent polymer. The surface morphology and molecular orientation of each PI in films before and after rubbing were investigated in detail by atomic force microscopy, optical retardation analysis, and linearly polarized infrared spectroscopy. The sequence of the rubbing-induced polymer segmental orientations was further investigated in detail. In addition, the liquid crystal alignment and pretilt ability of the rubbed PI films were examined, and their thermal stability investigated. The present study provides important information on the sequence of the polymer segmental orientations induced by rubbing and additionally the mechanisms of the alignment and pretilt of liquid crystal molecules in contact with the rubbed PI film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Gyu Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Boknam Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Joon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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31
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Jeong HC, Park HG, Jung YH, Lee JH, Oh BY, Seo DS. Tailoring the Orientation and Periodicity of Wrinkles Using Ion-Beam Bombardment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7138-43. [PMID: 27322365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that surface reformation in polydimethylsiloxane can be controlled using ion-beam (IB) irradiation. This can be done by simply varying the IB incidence angle and requires no change in the energy source. By controlling the incidence angle of IB irradiation, we were able to continuously control the pattern of the wrinkle structure, that is, a randomly formed pattern or an anisotropic one. Moreover, the directional characteristics of the wrinkle pattern control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. This control is a function of the incidence angle of the IB. These simple methods can provide considerable flexibility in the fabrication of wrinkle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Chang Jeong
- Information Display Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Changwon National University , 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Jung
- Information Display Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Lee
- Information Display Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Yun Oh
- ZeSHTech Company, Ltd., Business Incubator, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Dae-Shik Seo
- Information Display Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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32
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Che X, Gong S, Shao L, Lan T, Wang F, Wang Y. The impact of flexibility of polyimides backbones on the stability of liquid crystal vertical alignment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two side-chain-type polyimides (RPI and SPI) containing different backbones induced vertical alignments of liquid crystals, after rubbing, one maintained stable vertical, while the other transformed from vertical into parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shiming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Leishan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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33
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34
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Molecular reorientation of polyimide film induced by thermal nanoimprint lithography and liquid crystals alignment on it. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Homogeneous self-aligned liquid crystals on wrinkled-wall poly(dimethylsiloxane) via localised ion-beam irradiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8641. [PMID: 25728372 DOI: 10.1038/srep08641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate self-aligned liquid crystals (LCs) using a wrinkled-wall polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkle structure, which is a key factor to obtain a stable homogeneous alignment state with positive LCs. We constructed the wrinkled walls via localised surface exposure to IB radiation, which passed through a long length localised pattern mask. The creation of the wrinkled wall helped to align the LC molecules homogeneously because the wrinkled wall acted as a guide for the arrangement of positive LC molecules. In addition, we confirmed the stability of the alignment state as the width of the wrinkled wall was changed. Although this wrinkled-wall method is a non-contact method, LC alignment is achieved via an anisotropic topographical guide, which provides the LC molecules with stable homogeneous alignment.
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36
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Xie HL, Ni B, Liu Q, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang HL, Chen EQ. Self organization of main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymer based on “jacketing” effect with different lengths of spacer: from smectic to hierarchically ordered structure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21257j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of combined main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymers based on the “jacketing” effect, with different alkyl spacer lengths (n = 2–10), have been successfully synthesized and their self-organization behavior has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-lou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Bin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Hai-liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Er-qiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
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37
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38
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Jeong HS, Youn SC, Kim YH, Jung HT. Orientation control of liquid crystals using carbon-nanotube–magnetic particle hybrid materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9493-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lan Q, Qin Z, Liu S, Zhao C, Chi Z, Xu J. Synthesis and properties of high-performance functional polyimides containing rigid nonplanar conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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An insight on the effect of rubbing textile fiber on morphology of some semi-alicyclic polyimides for liquid crystal orientation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Kumar Sen S, Banerjee S. High Tg, processable fluorinated polyimides containing benzoisoindoledione unit and evaluation of their gas transport properties. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Ho CY, Lin FH, Tao YT, Lee JY. Improvement in device performance from a mixture of a liquid crystal and photosensitive acrylic prepolymer with the photoinduced vertical alignment method. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2011; 12:065002. [PMID: 27877462 PMCID: PMC5090677 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/12/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a multicomponent nematic liquid crystal (NLC) mixture of a liquid crystal (negative-type NLC) and a photosensitive acrylic prepolymer, photopolymerization upon UV irradiation induces the separation of the LC and photosensitive acrylic prepolymer layers, thereby leading to a vertical arrangement of LC molecules. In this study, we propose a simple vertical alignment method for LC molecules, by adding a chiral smectic A (SmA∗) liquid crystal having homeotropic texture characteristics to an NLC mixture solution. Measurements of electro-optical properties revealed that the addition of the SmA∗ LC not only strengthened the anchoring force of the copolymer alignment film surface, but also significantly enhanced the contrast ratio (∼73%), response time and grayscale switching performance of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Czung-Yu Ho
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Hsin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Yih Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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43
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Wang X, Zhang P, Chen Y, Luo L, Pang Y, Liu X. Characterization of Alignment Correlation between LC Molecules and Chemical Groups on/in the Surface of Polyimide Films with Biphenyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201781s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Longbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
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44
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Cui L, Liu B, Vonlanthen D, Mayor M, Fu Y, Li JF, Wandlowski T. In Situ Gap-Mode Raman Spectroscopy on Single-Crystal Au(100) Electrodes: Tuning the Torsion Angle of 4,4′-Biphenyldithiols by an Electrochemical Gate Field. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7332-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - David Vonlanthen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St.-Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St.-Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsuhe Institute of Technlogy (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yongchun Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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Ho CY, Tsai PS, Lin HG, Li FC, Lin FH, Lee JY. Electro-optical characteristics in phase separated liquid crystal/photo-curable acrylic monomer mixture system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Zhang Y, Xiao S, Wang Q, Liu S, Qiao Z, Chi Z, Xu J, Economy J. Thermally conductive, insulated polyimide nanocomposites by AlO(OH)-coated MWCNTs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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What are the differences of polymer surface relaxation from the bulk? CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-010-1022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Shultz MJ, Bisson P, Groenzin H, Li I. Multiplexed polarization spectroscopy: Measuring surface hyperpolarizability orientation. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:054702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3463449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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49
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Xie HL, Jie CK, Yu ZQ, Liu XB, Zhang HL, Shen Z, Chen EQ, Zhou QF. Hierarchical Supramolecular Ordering with Biaxial Orientation of a Combined Main-Chain/Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Obtained from Radical Polymerization of 2-Vinylterephthalate. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8071-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101184u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Lou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Chang-Kai Jie
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Xuan-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
| | - Qi-Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
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50
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Kang H, Lee JC, Kang D. Liquid crystal alignment properties of polystyrene derivatives containing fluorinated side groups. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-009-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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