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Ling S, Wei X, Luo X, Li X, Li S, Xiong F, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Surfactant Micelle-Driven High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400303. [PMID: 38501842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High-efficiency extraction of long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent optoelectronic properties from SWCNT solution is critical for enabling their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a straightforward and high-efficiency method is reported for length separation of SWCNTs by modulating the concentrations of binary surfactants. The results demonstrate that long SWCNTs can spontaneously precipitate for binary-surfactant but not for single-surfactant systems. This effect is attributed to the formation of compound micelles by binary surfactants that squeeze the free space of long SWCNTs due to their large excluded volumes. With this technique, it can readily separate near-pure long (≥500 nm in length, 99% in content) and short (≤500 nm in length, 98% in content) SWCNTs with separation efficiencies of 26% and 64%, respectively, exhibiting markedly greater length resolution and separation efficiency than those of previously reported methods. Thin-film transistors fabricated from extracted semiconducting SWCNTs with lengths >500 nm exhibit significantly improved electrical properties, including a 10.5-fold on-state current and 14.7-fold mobility, compared with those with lengths <500 nm. The present length separation technique is perfectly compatible with various surfactant-based methods for structure separations of SWCNTs and is significant for fabrication of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ling
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feibing Xiong
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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2
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Zhao S, Gillen AJ, Li Y, Noy A. Sonochemical Synthesis and Ion Transport Properties of Surfactant-Stabilized Carbon Nanotube Porins. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9372-9376. [PMID: 37823530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), short segments of carbon nanotubes stabilized by a lipid coating, are a promising example of artificial membrane channels that mimic a number of key behaviors of biological ion channels. While the lipid-assisted synthesis of CNTPs may facilitate their subsequent incorporation into lipid bilayers, it limits the applicability of these pores in other self-assembled membrane materials and also precludes the use of large-scale purified CNT feedstocks. Here we demonstrate that CNTPs can be synthesized by sonochemical cutting of long CNT feedstocks in the presence of different surfactants, producing CNTS with transport properties identical with those obtained by the lipid-assisted procedure. Our results open up a wide variety of synthetic routes for CNTP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Zhao
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Alice J Gillen
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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3
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Wei X, Luo X, Li S, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Length-Dependent Enantioselectivity of Carbon Nanotubes by Gel Chromatography. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8393-8402. [PMID: 37092905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High-purity enantiomer separation of chiral single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remains a challenge compared with electrical type and chirality separations due to the limited selectivities for both chirality and handedness, which is important for an exploration of their properties and practical applications. Here, we performed length fractionation for enantiomer-purified SWCNTs and found a phenomenon in which the enantioselectivities were higher for longer nanotubes than for shorter nanotubes due to length-dependent interactions with the gel medium, which provided an effective strategy of controlling nanotube length for high-purity enantiomer separation. Furthermore, we employed a gentler pulsed ultrasonication instead of traditional vigorous ultrasonication for preparation of a low-defect long SWCNT dispersion and achieved the enantiomer separation of single-chirality (6,5) SWCNTs with an ultrahigh enantiomeric purity of up to 98%, which was determined by using the linear relationship between the normalized circular dichroism intensity and the enantiomeric purity. Compared with all results reported previously, the present enantiomeric purity was significantly higher and reached the highest level reported to date. Due to the ultrahigh selectivity in both chirality and handedness, the two obtained enantiomers exhibited perfect symmetry in their circular dichroism spectra, which offers standardization for characterizations and evaluations of SWCNT enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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4
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Wong CH, Yeung YM, Zhao X, Law WC, Tang CY, Mak CL, Leung CW, Shi L, Lortz R. A Simulation of the Effect of External and Internal Parameters on the Synthesis of a Carbyne with More than 6000 Atoms for Emerging Continuously Tunable Energy Barriers in CNT-Based Transistors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1048. [PMID: 36985943 PMCID: PMC10058369 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transistors made up of carbon nanotube CNT have demonstrated excellent current-voltage characteristics which outperform some high-grade silicon-based transistors. A continuously tunable energy barrier across semiconductor interfaces is desired to make the CNT-based transistors more robust. Despite that the direct band gap of the carbyne inside a CNT can be widely tuned by strain, the size of the carbyne cannot be controlled easily. The production of a monoatomic chain with more than 6000 carbon atoms is an enormous technological challenge. To predict the optimal chain length of a carbyne in different molecular environments, we have developed a Monte Carlo model in which a finite-length carbyne with a size of 4000-15,000 atoms is encapsulated by a CNT at finite temperatures. Our simulation shows that the stability of the carbyne@nanotube is strongly influenced by the nature and porosity of the CNT, the external pressure, the temperature, and the chain length. We have observed an initiation of the chain-breaking process in a compressed carbyne@nanotube. Our work provides much-needed input for optimizing the carbyne length to produce carbon chains much longer than 6000 atoms at ~300 K. Design rules are proposed for synthesizing ~1% strained carbyne@(6,5)CNT as a component in CNT-based transistors to tune the energy barriers continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Wong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yan Ming Yeung
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wing Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chak Yin Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chee Leung Mak
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rolf Lortz
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Drug-dendrimer complexes and conjugates: Detailed furtherance through theory and experiments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102639. [PMID: 35339862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic nanovectors-based drug delivery has gained significant attention in the past couple of decades. Dendrimers play a crucial role in deciding the solubility of sparingly soluble drug molecules and help in improving pharmacokinetics. A few important steps in drug delivery through dendrimers, such as drug encapsulation, formulation, and target-specific delivery, play an important role in deciding the fate of a drug molecule. It is also of prime importance to understand the interactions between a drug molecule and dendrimers at atomistic levels to decode the mechanism of action of drug-dendrimer complexes and their reliability in terms of drug delivery. Colossal progress in current experimental and computational approaches in the field has resulted in a vast amount of data that needs to be curated to be further implemented efficiently. Improved computational power has led to greater accuracy and prompt predictions of properties of drug-dendrimer complexes and their mechanism of action. The current review encapsulates the pioneering work in the field, experimental achievements in terms of drug delivery, and newer computational techniques employed in the advancement of the field.
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6
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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7
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Chalmpes N, Kouloumpis A, Zygouri P, Karouta N, Spyrou K, Stathi P, Tsoufis T, Georgakilas V, Gournis D, Rudolf P. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Clay-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Superstructures. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18100-18107. [PMID: 31720512 PMCID: PMC6843709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Much of the research effort concerning layered materials is directed toward their use as building blocks for the development of hybrid nanostructures with well-defined dimensions and behavior. Here, we report the fabrication through layer-by-layer deposition and intercalation chemistry of a new type of clay-based hybrid film, where functionalized carbon nanotubes are sandwiched between nanometer-sized smectite clay platelets. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently functionalized in a single step with phenol groups, via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, to allow for stable dispersion in polar solvents. For the production of hybrid thin films, a bottom-up approach combining self-assembly with Langmuir-Schaefer deposition was applied. Smectite clay nanoplatelets act as a structure-directing interface and reaction media for grafting functionalized carbon nanotubes in a bidimensional array, allowing for a controllable layer-by-layer growth at a nanoscale. Hybrid clay/SWCNT multilayer films deposited on various substrates were characterized by X-ray reflectivity, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, as well as atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Zygouri
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Niki Karouta
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Stathi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theodoros Tsoufis
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Li Y, Wu X, Kim M, Fortner J, Qu H, Wang Y. Fluorescent Ultrashort Nanotubes from Defect-Induced Chemical Cutting. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:4536-4544. [PMID: 32742079 PMCID: PMC7394297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that fluoresce brightly in the shortwave infrared could open exciting opportunities in high-resolution bioimaging and sensing. However, this material remains largely unexplored due to the synthetic challenge. Here, we describe a high-yield synthesis of fluorescent ultrashort nanotubes based on a fundamentally new understanding of defect-induced chemical etching of SWCNTs. We first implant fluorescent sp3 quantum defects along the nanotube sidewalls and then oxidatively cut the nanotubes into ultrashort pieces using hydrogen peroxide. This simple two-step process leads to the synthesis of fluorescent ultrashort nanotubes with a narrow length distribution (38 ± 18 nm) and a yield as high as 57%. Despite their ultrashort length, the cut SWCNTs fluoresce brightly in the shortwave infrared at wavelengths characteristic of the sp3 defects, which provides a spectral fingerprint allowing us to uncover new insights into this defect-induced cutting process. Quantum chemical computations suggest that this etching reaction occurs selectively at the defect sites where hydroxyl radicals (•OH) attack the surrounding electron-rich carbon atoms. This work reveals fundamental insights into defect chemistry and makes fluorescent ultrashort nanotubes synthetically accessible for both basic and applied studies of this largely unexplored but rich class of synthetic molecular nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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9
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Intrinsically ultrastrong plasmon-exciton interactions in crystallized films of carbon nanotubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12662-12667. [PMID: 30459274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816251115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical emitters that are strongly coupled to cavities give rise to polaritons with characteristics of both the emitters and the cavity excitations. We show that carbon nanotubes can be crystallized into chip-scale, two-dimensionally ordered films and that this material enables intrinsically ultrastrong emitter-cavity interactions: Rather than interacting with external cavities, nanotube excitons couple to the near-infrared plasmon resonances of the nanotubes themselves. Our polycrystalline nanotube films have a hexagonal crystal structure, ∼25-nm domains, and a 1.74-nm lattice constant. With this extremely high nanotube density and nearly ideal plasmon-exciton spatial overlap, plasmon-exciton coupling strengths reach 0.5 eV, which is 75% of the bare exciton energy and a near record for room-temperature ultrastrong coupling. Crystallized nanotube films represent a milestone in nanomaterials assembly and provide a compelling foundation for high-ampacity conductors, low-power optical switches, and tunable optical antennas.
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10
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Atsumi H, Belcher AM. DNA Origami and G-Quadruplex Hybrid Complexes Induce Size Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Biological Activation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7986-7995. [PMID: 30011182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA self-assembly has enabled the programmable fabrication of nanoarchitectures, and these nanoarchitectures combined with nanomaterials have provided several applications. Here, we develop an approach for cutting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) of predetermined lengths, using DNA origami and G-quadruplex hybrid complexes. This approach is based on features of DNA: (1) wrapping SWNTs with DNA to improve the dispersibility of SWNTs in water; (2) using G-quadruplex DNA to confine hemin in close proximity to SWNTs and enhance the biological activation of hydrogen peroxide by hemin; and (3) forming DNA origami platforms to allow for the precise placement of G-quadruplexes, enabling size control. These integrated features of DNA allow for temporally efficient cutting of SWNTs into desired lengths, thus expanding the availability of SWNTs for applications in the fields of nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, nanomaterials, and quantum physics, as well as in fundamental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Atsumi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Angela M Belcher
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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11
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Kavyani S, Dadvar M, Modarress H, Amjad-Iranagh S. Molecular Perspective Mechanism for Drug Loading on Carbon Nanotube–Dendrimer: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7956-7969. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Kavyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 158754413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Dadvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 158754413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 158754413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 158754413 Tehran, Iran
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12
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Borzooeian Z, Taslim ME, Ghasemi O, Rezvani S, Borzooeian G, Nourbakhsh A. A high precision method for length-based separation of carbon nanotubes using bio-conjugation, SDS-PAGE and silver staining. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197972. [PMID: 29939999 PMCID: PMC6016930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric separation of carbon nanotubes, especially based on their length is a challenge for a number of nano-tech researchers. We demonstrate a method to combine bio-conjugation, SDS-PAGE, and silver staining in order to separate carbon nanotubes on the basis of length. Egg-white lysozyme, conjugated covalently onto the single-walled carbon nanotubes surfaces using carbodiimide method. The proposed conjugation of a biomolecule onto the carbon nanotubes surfaces is a novel idea and a significant step forward for creating an indicator for length-based carbon nanotubes separation. The conjugation step was followed by SDS-PAGE and the nanotube fragments were precisely visualized using silver staining. This high precision, inexpensive, rapid and simple separation method obviates the need for centrifugation, additional chemical analyses, and expensive spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy to visualize carbon nanotube bands. In this method, we measured the length of nanotubes using different image analysis techniques which is based on a simplified hydrodynamic model. The method has high precision and resolution and is effective in separating the nanotubes by length which would be a valuable quality control tool for the manufacture of carbon nanotubes of specific lengths in bulk quantities. To this end, we were also able to measure the carbon nanotubes of different length, produced from different sonication time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Borzooeian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mohammad E. Taslim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Omid Ghasemi
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Saina Rezvani
- Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Giti Borzooeian
- Department of Biology, Payamnoor, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhasan Nourbakhsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States of America
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13
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Li P, Kumar A, Ma J, Kuang Y, Luo L, Sun X. Density gradient ultracentrifugation for colloidal nanostructures separation and investigation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:645-662. [PMID: 36658885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the advancement in nanoseparation and concomitant purification of nanoparticles (NPs) by using density gradient ultracentrifugation technique (DGUC) and demonstrated by taking several typical examples. Study emphasizes the conceptual advances in classification, mechanism of DGUC and synthesis-structure-property relationships of NPs to provide the significant clue for the further synthesis optimization. Separation, concentration, and purification of NPs by DGUC can be achieved at the same time by introducing the water/oil interfaces into the separation chamber. We can develop an efficient method "lab in a tube" by introducing a reaction zone or an assembly zone in the gradient to find the surface reaction and assembly mechanism of NPs since the reaction time can be precisely controlled and the chemical environment change can be extremely fast. Finally, to achieve the best separation parameters for the colloidal systems, we gave the mathematical descriptions and computational optimized models as a new direction for making practicable and predictable DGUC separation method. Thus, it can be helpful for an efficient separation as well as for the synthesis optimization, assembly and surface reactions as a potential cornerstone for the future development in the nanotechnology and this review can be served as a plethora of advanced notes on the DGUC separation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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14
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Kavyani S, Dadvar M, Modarress H, Amjad-Iranagh S. A coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation study on the structural properties of carbon nanotube-dendrimer composites. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3151-3163. [PMID: 29632929 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By employing coarse grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the effect of the size and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the interior/exterior structures of the dendrimers in carbon nanotube (CNT)-dendrimer composites has been studied, to find a stable composite with high solubility in water and the capability to be used in drug delivery applications. For this purpose, composites consisting of core-shell dendrimer complexes including: [PPI{core}-PAMAM{shell}], [PAMAM{core}-polyethyleneglycol (PEG){shell}] and [PAMAM{core}-fattyacid (FTA){shell}] were constructed. A new CG model for the fatty acid (FTA) molecules as functionalized to the dendrimer was developed, which, unlike the previous models, could generate the structural conformations of the FTA properly. The obtained results indicated that the dendrimer complexes with short FTA chains can form stable composites with the CNT. Also, it was found that the pristine PAMAM and PPI-PAMAM with small PPI, and PAMAM-PEG dendrimers with short PEG chains, can distribute their chains into the water medium and interact with the CNT efficiently, to form a stable water-soluble CNT-dendrimer composite. The results demonstrated that the structural difference between the interior and exterior of a core-shell dendrimer complex can prevent the core and the interior layers of the dendrimer complex from interacting with the CNT. An overall analysis of the results manifested that the CNT-PAMAM:4-PEG:4 is the most stable composite, due to strong binding of the dendrimer with the CNT while also having high solubility in water, and its core retains its structure properly and unchanged, suitable for encapsulating drugs in the targeted delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Kavyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave., P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Amori AR, Hou Z, Krauss TD. Excitons in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2018; 69:81-99. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-050317-014241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Amori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Zhentao Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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16
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Bulmer JS, Gspann TS, Orozco F, Sparkes M, Koerner H, Di Bernardo A, Niemiec A, Robinson JWA, Koziol KK, Elliott JA, O'Neill W. Photonic Sorting of Aligned, Crystalline Carbon Nanotube Textiles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12977. [PMID: 29021547 PMCID: PMC5636898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition uniquely generates aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles with individual CNT lengths magnitudes longer than competing processes, though hindered by impurities and intrinsic/extrinsic defects. We present a photonic-based post-process, particularly suited for these textiles, that selectively removes defective CNTs and other carbons not forming a threshold thermal pathway. In this method, a large diameter laser beam rasters across the surface of a partly aligned CNT textile in air, suspended from its ends. This results in brilliant, localized oxidation, where remaining material is an optically transparent film comprised of few-walled CNTs with profound and unique improvement in microstructure alignment and crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy shows substantial D peak suppression while preserving radial breathing modes. This increases the undoped, specific electrical conductivity at least an order of magnitude to beyond that of single-crystal graphite. Cryogenic conductivity measurements indicate intrinsic transport enhancement, opposed to simply removing nonconductive carbons/residual catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thurid S Gspann
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francisco Orozco
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Sparkes
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - A Di Bernardo
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arkadiusz Niemiec
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing,Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - James A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William O'Neill
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Clancy AJ, Anthony DB, Fisher SJ, Leese HS, Roberts CS, Shaffer MSP. Reductive dissolution of supergrowth carbon nanotubes for tougher nanocomposites by reactive coagulation spinning. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8764-8773. [PMID: 28620663 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Long single-walled carbon nanotubes, with lengths >10 μm, can be spontaneously dissolved by stirring in a sodium naphthalide N,N-dimethylacetamide solution, yielding solutions of individualised nanotubide ions at concentrations up to 0.74 mg mL-1. This process was directly compared to ultrasonication and found to be less damaging while maintaining greater intrinsic length, with increased individualisation, yield, and concentration. Nanotubide solutions were spun into fibres using a new reactive coagulation process, which covalently grafts a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix to the nanotubes directly at the point of fibre formation. The grafting process insulated the nanotubes electrically, significantly enhancing the dielectric constant to 340% of the bulk polymer. For comparison, samples were prepared using both Supergrowth nanotubes and conventional shorter commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes. The resulting nanocomposites showed similar, high loadings (ca. 20 wt%), but the fibres formed with Supergrowth nanotubes showed significantly greater failure strain (up to ∼25%), and hence more than double the toughness (30.8 MJ m-3), compared to composites containing typical ∼1 μm SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Clancy
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - D B Anthony
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - S J Fisher
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - H S Leese
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - C S Roberts
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - M S P Shaffer
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Frankland Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Brédas JL, Sargent EH, Scholes GD. Photovoltaic concepts inspired by coherence effects in photosynthetic systems. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 16:35-44. [PMID: 27994245 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen rapid advances in our understanding of how coherent and vibronic phenomena in biological photosynthetic systems aid in the efficient transport of energy from light-harvesting antennas to photosynthetic reaction centres. Such coherence effects suggest strategies to increase transport lengths even in the presence of structural disorder. Here we explore how these principles could be exploited in making improved solar cells. We investigate in depth the case of organic materials, systems in which energy and charge transport stand to be improved by overcoming challenges that arise from the effects of static and dynamic disorder - structural and energetic - and from inherently strong electron-vibration couplings. We discuss how solar-cell device architectures can evolve to use coherence-exploiting materials, and we speculate as to the prospects for a coherent energy conversion system. We conclude with a survey of the impacts of coherence and bioinspiration on diverse solar-energy harvesting solutions, including artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Brédas
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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19
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Böttger S, Hermann S, Schulz SE, Gessner T. Length separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and its impact on structural and electrical properties of wafer-level fabricated carbon nanotube-field-effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:435203. [PMID: 27659173 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/43/435203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For an industrial realization of devices based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) such as field-effect transistors (FETs) it becomes increasingly important to consider technological aspects such as intrinsic device structure, integration process controllability as well as yield. From the perspective of a wafer-level integration technology, the influence of SWCNT length on the performance of short-channel CNT-FETs is demonstrated by means of a statistical and comparative study. Therefore, a methodological development of a length separation process based on size-exclusion chromatography was conducted in order to extract well-separated SWCNT dispersions with narrowed length distribution. It could be shown that short SWCNTs adversely affect integrability and reproducibility, underlined by a 25% decline of the integration yield with respect to long SWCNTs. Furthermore, it turns out that the significant changes in electrical performance are directly linked to a SWCNT chain formation in the transistor channel. In particular, CNT-FETs with long SWCNTs outperform reference and short SWCNTs with respect to hole mobility and subthreshold controllability by up to 300% and up to 140%, respectively. As a whole, this study provides a statistical and comparative analysis towards chain-less CNT-FETs fabricated with a wafer-level technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Böttger
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz D-09111, Germany
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20
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Tsutsumi Y, Fujigaya T, Nakashima N. Size reduction of 3D-polymer-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes by ultracentrifugation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19534-9. [PMID: 26538202 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) cutting method without introducing any structural defects on the tubes; namely, the finding that simple ultracentrifugation at 600 000g for the SWNTs coated with a cross-linked polymer formed by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) or the polyethylene glycol-carrying PNIPAM copolymer provides shortened (<200 nm) SWNTs, which was revealed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The Raman and absorption measurements of the obtained SWNTs indicated that the graphitic structure and optical properties, such as characteristic absorption and photoluminescence in the near-IR region of the SWNTs, were almost unchanged even after the cutting. The obtained shortened SWNTs were individually solubilized in water and buffer solution due to the remaining cross-linked polymer structures on the SWNTs. The present method is very simple (only ultracentrifugation) and the yield is very high, which are the advantages in the preparation of many shortened isolated SWNTs with specific properties and functions that are applicable in many fields including bioapplications in vivo, such as imaging, NIR-hyperthermic treatment, photodynamic therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan.
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21
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Nogaj LJ, Smyder JA, Leach KE, Tu X, Zheng M, Krauss TD. Bright Fraction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Correlated Fluorescence and Topography Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2816-2821. [PMID: 26266867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correlated measurements of fluorescence and topography were performed for individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on quartz using epifluorescence confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surprisingly, only ~11% of all SWNTs in DNA-wrapped samples were found to be highly emissive on quartz, suggesting that the ensemble fluorescence quantum yield is low because only a small population of SWNTs fluoresces strongly. Qualitatively similar conclusions were obtained from control studies using a sodium cholate surfactant system. To accommodate AFM measurements, excess surfactant was removed from the substrate. Though individual SWNTs on nonrinsed and rinsed surfaces displayed differences in fluorescence intensities and line widths, arising from the influence of the local environment on individual SWNT optical measurements, photoluminescence data from both samples displayed consistent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaomin Tu
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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22
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Rohringer P, Shi L, Liu X, Yanagi K, Pichler T. Purification, separation and extraction of inner tubes from double-walled carbon nanotubes by tailoring density gradient ultracentrifugation using optical probes. CARBON 2014; 74:282-290. [PMID: 25843961 PMCID: PMC4375560 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of varying sonication and centrifugation parameters on double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) by measuring optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of the samples. We found that by using a low sonication intensity before applying density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU), only inner tube species with a diameter [Formula: see text]0.8 nm can be identified in absorption measurements. This is in stark contrast to the result after sonicating at higher intensities, where also bigger inner tubes can be found. Furthermore, by comparing PL properties of samples centrifugated either with or without a gradient medium, we found that applying DGU greatly enhances the PL intensity, whereas centrifugation at even higher speeds but without a gradient medium results in lower intensities. This can be explained by extraction of inner tubes from their host outer tubes in a two-stage process: the different shearing forces from the sonication treatments result in some DWCNT to be opened, whereas others stay uncut. A subsequent application of DGU leads to the extraction of the inner tubes or not if the host nanotube stayed uncut or no gradient medium was used. This work shows a pathway to avoid this phenomenon to unravel the intrinsic PL from inner tubes of DWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rohringer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Lei Shi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58333 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Corresponding author: Fax: +43 14277 51404/51475.
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23
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Miller JB, Harris JM, Hobbie EK. Purifying colloidal nanoparticles through ultracentrifugation with implications for interfaces and materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7936-7946. [PMID: 24417357 DOI: 10.1021/la404675v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase processing and colloidal self-assembly will be critical to the successful implementation of nanotechnology in the next generation of materials and devices. A key hurdle to realizing this will be the development of efficient methods to purify nanomaterials composed of a variety of shapes, including nanocrystals, nanotubes, and nanoplates. Although density-gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) has long been appreciated as a valuable tool for separating biological macromolecules and components, the method has recently emerged as an effective way to purify colloidal nanoparticles by size and optical and electronic properties. In this feature article, we review our recent contributions to this growing field, with an emphasis on some of the implications that our results have for interfaces and materials. Through transient or isopycnic DGU performed in both aqueous and organic environments, we demonstrate some explicit examples of how the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of thin films assembled from two specific colloidal nanomaterials--single-walled carbon nanotubes and silicon nanocrystals--can be modified in response to fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Miller
- Department of Physics and Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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24
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Rice NA, Adronov A. Selective interactions of a high-molecular-weight polycarbazole with different commercial nanotube samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Rice
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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25
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Park J, Deria P, Olivier JH, Therien MJ. Fluence-dependent singlet exciton dynamics in length-sorted chirality-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:504-511. [PMID: 24329134 DOI: 10.1021/nl403511s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We utilize individualized, length-sorted (6,5)-chirality enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) having dimensions of 200 and 800 nm, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and variable excitation fluences that modulate the exciton density per nanotube unit length, to interrogate nanotube exciton/biexciton dynamics. For pump fluences below 30 μJ/cm(2), transient absorption (TA) spectra of (6,5) SWNTs reveal the instantaneous emergence of the exciton to biexciton transition (E11 → E11,BX) at 1100 nm; in contrast, under excitation fluences exceeding 100 μJ/cm(2), this TA signal manifests a rise time (τ rise ∼ 250 fs), indicating that E11 state repopulation is required to produce this signal. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic data acquired over the 900-1400 nm spectral region of the near-infrared (NIR) region for (6,5) SWNTs, as a function of nanotube length and exciton density, reveal that over time delays that exceed 200 fs exciton-exciton interactions do not occur over spatial domains larger than 200 nm. Furthermore, the excitation fluence dependence of the E11 → E11,BX transient absorption signal demonstrates that relaxation of the E11 biexciton state (E11,BX) gives rise to a substantial E11 state population, as increasing delay times result in a concomitant increase of E11 → E11,BX transition oscillator strength. Numerical simulations based on a three-state model are consistent with a mechanism whereby biexcitons are generated at high excitation fluences via sequential SWNT ground- and E11-state excitation that occurs within the 980 nm excitation pulse duration. These studies that investigate fluence-dependent TA spectral evolution show that SWNT ground → E11 and E11 → E11,BX excitations are coresonant and provide evidence that E11,BX → E11 relaxation constitutes a significant decay channel for the SWNT biexciton state over delay times that exceed 200 fs, a finding that runs counter to assumptions made in previous analyses of SWNT biexciton dynamical data where exciton-exciton annihilation has been assumed to play a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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26
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Obitayo W, Luo S, Xiao Z, Liu T, Guan J. Gel electrophoresis and Raman mapping for determining the length distribution of SWCNTs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method (GEP-SRSPL) combines gel electrophoresis and simultaneous Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy for length distribution measurements of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waris Obitayo
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Sida Luo
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
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27
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Kamalasanan K, Gottardi R, Tan S, Chen Y, Godugu B, Rothstein S, Balazs AC, Star A, Little SR. "Zero-dimensional" single-walled carbon nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11308-12. [PMID: 24038731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The shorter, the more dispersible: An iterative, emulsion-based shortening technique has been used to reduce the length of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to the same order of magnitude as their diameter (ca. 1 nm), thus achieving an effectively "zero-dimensional" structure with improved dispersibility and, after hydroxylation, long-term water solubility. Finally, zero-dimensional SWNTs were positively identified using mass spectrometry for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaladhar Kamalasanan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA) http://littlelab.pitt.edu
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Kamalasanan K, Gottardi R, Tan S, Chen Y, Godugu B, Rothstein S, Balazs AC, Star A, Little SR. “Zero-Dimensional” Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Naumov AV, Tsyboulski DA, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Length-dependent optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube samples. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Rice NA, Adronov A. Supramolecular Interactions of High Molecular Weight Poly(2,7-carbazole)s with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Rice
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Khripin CY, Tu X, Heddleston JM, Silvera-Batista C, Hight Walker AR, Fagan J, Zheng M. High-Resolution Length Fractionation of Surfactant-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1382-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303349q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Y. Khripin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Xiaomin Tu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - John M. Heddleston
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Carlos Silvera-Batista
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Angela R. Hight Walker
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Jeffrey Fagan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100
Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
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32
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Yan H. DNA origami templated self-assembly of discrete length single wall carbon nanotubes. Org Biomol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26942b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Schierz A, Parks AN, Washburn KM, Chandler GT, Ferguson PL. Characterization and quantitative analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the aquatic environment using near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12262-12271. [PMID: 22970987 DOI: 10.1021/es301856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) spectroscopy is capable of sensitive and selective detection of semiconductive, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using the unique electronic bandgap properties of these carbon allotropes. We reported here the first detection and quantitation of SWNT in sediment and biota at environmentally relevant concentrations using NIRF spectroscopy. In addition, we utilized this technique to qualitatively characterize SWNT samples before and after ecotoxicity, bioavailability and fate studies in the aquatic environment. Sample preparation prior to NIRF analysis consisted of surfactant-assisted high power ultrasonication. The bile salt sodium deoxycholate (SDC) enabled efficient extraction and disaggregation of SWNT prior to NIRF analysis. The method was validated using standard-addition experiments in two types of estuarine sediments, yielding recoveries between 66 ± 7% and 103 ± 10% depending on SWNT type and coating used, demonstrating the ability to isolate SWNT from complex sediment matrices. Instrument detection limits were determined to be 15 ng mL(-1) SWNT in 2% SDC solution and method detection limits (including a concentration step) were 62 ng g(-1) for estuarine sediment, and 1.0 μg L(-1) for water. Our work has shown that NIRF spectroscopy is highly sensitive and selective for SWNT and that this technique can be applied to track the environmental and biological fate of this important class of carbon nanomaterial in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariette Schierz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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34
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Park YR, Kim WJ, Ko MJ, Min NK, Lee CJ. Investigation of ultraviolet optical properties of semiconducting-enriched and metal-enriched single-walled carbon nanotube networks using spectroscopic ellipsometry. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6532-6536. [PMID: 22964891 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet optical properties of semiconducting-enriched and metallic-enriched single-walled carbon nanotube (semi-enriched and m-enriched SWCNT) networks were studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry. According to calculated energy loss function, the energy loss peak assigned to the maximum intensity of π-plasmon energy was found to increase from 4.5 eV to 5.0 eV as SWCNT network composition was changed from m-SWCNT enriched to semi-SWCNT enriched. These results clearly demonstrate that the dielectric response in the 4-6 eV range is sensitive to changes in the surrounding dielectric environment depending on the semi-/m-SWCNT content. Therefore, the spectral shift of this energy loss is attributed to the enhanced electron confinement by the presence of the surface plasmon due to a small amount of m-SWCNT, which is an important phenomenon at the SWCNT network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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35
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Khripin CY, Tu X, Howarter J, Fagan J, Zheng M. Concentration Measurement of Length-Fractionated Colloidal Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8733-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302023n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Y. Khripin
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Xiaomin Tu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - John Howarter
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Jeffrey Fagan
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
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Cherukuri TK, Tsyboulski DA, Weisman RB. Length- and defect-dependent fluorescence efficiencies of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:843-850. [PMID: 22128755 DOI: 10.1021/nn2043516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using near-infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with spectrally selective excitation and imaging, more than 400 individual (10,2) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied in unsorted liquid dispersions. For each nanotube, the spatially integrated emission intensity was measured under controlled excitation conditions while its length was found either from direct imaging or from the diffusion coefficient computed by analyzing its Brownian motion trajectory. The studied nanotubes ranged in length from 170 to 5300 nm. For any length, a wide variation in emission intensities was observed. These variations are attributed to differing densities of nanotube imperfections that cause fluorescence quenching. The brightest nanotubes at each length (presumed near-pristine) show total emission nearly proportional to length. This implies a nearly constant fluorescence quantum yield and a constant absorption cross section per carbon atom, validating conventional Beer-Lambert analysis for finding concentrations of SWCNT species. Ensemble-averaged emission is also proportional to length, but at only ca. 40% of the near-pristine values. Further research is needed to investigate the extrinsic effects causing wide variation in quantum yields and assess their implications for SWCNT fluorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya K Cherukuri
- Department of Chemistry and Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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37
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Haertelt M, Fielicke A, Meijer G, Kwapien K, Sierka M, Sauer J. Structure determination of neutral MgO clusters--hexagonal nanotubes and cages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2849-56. [PMID: 22252227 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural information for neutral magnesium oxide clusters has been obtained by a comparison of their experimental vibrational spectra with predictions from theory. (MgO)(n) clusters with n = 3-16 have been studied in the gas phase with a tunable IR-UV two-color ionization scheme and size-selective infrared spectra have been measured. These IR spectra are compared to the calculated spectra of the global minimum structures predicted by a hybrid ab initio genetic algorithm. The comparison shows clear evidence that clusters of the composition (MgO)(3k) (k = 1-5) form hexagonal tubes, which confirm previous theoretical predictions. For the intermediate sizes (n≠ 3k) cage-like structures containing hexagonal (MgO)(3) rings are identified. Except for the cubic (MgO)(4) no evidence for bulk like structures is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Haertelt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Vlasova II, Sokolov AV, Chekanov AV, Kostevich VA, Vasil'ev VB. [Myeloperoxidase-induced biodegradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes is mediated by hypochlorite]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 37:510-21. [PMID: 22096994 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162011040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Broad prospects for the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in medicine and biotechnology raise the concerns about both their toxicity, and the mechanisms of biodegradation and excretion from the body. SWNTs biodegradation as a result of catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was shown in the isolated MPO system as well as in the suspension of neutrophils [Kagan V.E., et al., 2010]. In the present study we analyzed the ability of different MPO-produced oxidants to participate in the modification and degradation of SWNTs. The comparison of the ability of various peroxidases to degrade SWNTs in vitro revealed that myeloperoxidase, due to its ability to produce hypochlorite, and lactoperoxidase, due to its ability to produce hypobromite, are extremely efficient in the degradation of carbon nanotubes. The biodegradation of SWNTs in the model system can also be caused by free radicals generated as a result of heme degradation and, to a lesser extent, by active oxoferryl intermediates of peroxidases. Our experiments showed that in the presence of blood plasma, peroxidase intermediates or free radical products of heme degradation were unable to initiate biodegradation of carbon nanotubes, only the generation of hypochlorite by MPO can cause the biodegradation of carbon nanotubes in vivo. Titration of SWNTs suspension containing plasma with hypochlorite at high concentrations resulted in the decrease in the optical absorbance of the suspension indicating the degradation of nanotubes. Our results clearly indicate that hypochlorite can serve as a main oxidizing agent which is able to modify and degrade nanotubes in the sites of inflammation and in the phagosomes.
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39
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Si R, Wang K, Chen T, Chen Y. Chemometric determination of the length distribution of single walled carbon nanotubes through optical spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 708:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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40
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Kadam P, Tarwal N, Mali S, Deshmukh H, Patil P. Enhanced electrochromic performance of f-MWCNT-WO3 composite. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Khripin CY, Arnold-Medabalimi N, Zheng M. Molecular-crowding-induced clustering of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes for facile length fractionation. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8258-8266. [PMID: 21894943 DOI: 10.1021/nn2029549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging applications require single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of well-defined length. Yet the use of length-defined SWCNTs is limited, in part due to the lack of an easily accessible materials preparation method. Here, we present a new strategy for SWCNT length fractionation based on molecular crowding induced cluster formation. We show that the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a crowding agent into DNA-wrapped SWCNT dispersion leads to the formation of reversible, nematic, and rodlike microclusters, which can be collected by gentle centrifugation. Since shorter SWCNTs form clusters at higher polyethylene glycol concentration, gradual increase in PEG concentration results in length fractionated SWCNTs. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we show that fractions with average lengths of 60-500 nm and standard deviations of 30-40% can be obtained. The concept of molecular-crowding-based fractionation should be applicable to other nanoparticle dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Y Khripin
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards in Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
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42
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Fagan JA, Bauer BJ, Hobbie EK, Becker ML, Hight Walker AR, Simpson JR, Chun J, Obrzut J, Bajpai V, Phelan FR, Simien D, Huh JY, Migler KB. Carbon nanotubes: measuring dispersion and length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:338-348. [PMID: 20799292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced technological uses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) rely on the production of single length and chirality populations that are currently only available through liquid-phase post processing. The foundation of all of these processing steps is the attainment of individualized nanotube dispersions in solution. An understanding of the colloidal properties of the dispersed SWCNTs can then be used to design appropriate conditions for separations. In many instances nanotube size, particularly length, is especially active in determining the properties achievable in a given population, and, thus, there is a critical need for measurement technologies for both length distribution and effective separation techniques. In this Progress Report, the current state of the art for measuring dispersion and length populations, including separations, is documented, and examples are used to demonstrate the desirability of addressing these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fagan
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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43
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Cruz FJAL, Müller EA, Mota JPB. The role of the intermolecular potential on the dynamics of ethylene confined in cylindrical nanopores. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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44
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Qian Z, Wang C, Feng H, Chen C, Zhou J, Chen J. Well dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes with strong visible fluorescence in water for metal ions sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7167-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Hertel T, Himmelein S, Ackermann T, Stich D, Crochet J. Diffusion limited photoluminescence quantum yields in 1-D semiconductors: single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:7161-8. [PMID: 21105744 DOI: 10.1021/nn101612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence quantum yields and nonradiative decay of the excitonic S(1) state in length fractionated (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are studied by continuous wave and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental data are modeled by diffusion limited contact quenching of excitons at stationary quenching sites including tube ends. A combined analysis of the time-resolved photoluminescence decay and the length dependence of photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) from SWNTs in sodium cholate suspensions allows to determine the exciton diffusion coefficient D = 10.7 ± 0.4 cm(2)s(-1) and lifetime τ(PL) for long tubes of 20 ± 1 ps. PL quantum yields Φ(PL) are found to scale with the inverse diffusion coefficient and the square of the mean quenching site distance, here l(d) = 120 ± 25 nm. The results suggest that low PL QYs of SWNTs are due to the combination of high-diffusive exciton mobility with the presence of only a few quenching sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hertel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry & Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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46
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Cambré S, Wenseleers W, Goovaerts E, Resasco DE. Determination of the metallic/semiconducting ratio in bulk single-wall carbon nanotube samples by cobalt porphyrin probe electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6717-6724. [PMID: 20958073 DOI: 10.1021/nn102222w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and quantitative, self-calibrating spectroscopic technique for the determination of the ratio of metallic to semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a bulk sample is presented. The technique is based on the measurement of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the SWCNT sample to which cobalt(II)octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) probe molecules have been added. This yields signals from both CoOEP molecules on metallic and on semiconducting tubes, which are easily distinguished and accurately characterized in this work. By applying this technique to a variety of SWCNT samples produced by different synthesis methods, it is shown that these signals for metallic and semiconducting tubes are independent of other factors such as tube length, defect density, and diameter, allowing the intensities of both signals for arbitrary samples to be retrieved by a straightforward least-squares regression. The technique is self-calibrating in that the EPR intensity can be directly related to the number of spins (number of CoOEP probe molecules), and as the adsorption of the CoOEP molecules is itself found to be unbiased toward metallic or semiconducting tubes, the measured intensities can be directly related to the mass percentage of metallic and semiconducting tubes in the bulk SWCNT sample. With the use of this method it was found that for some samples the metallic/semiconducting ratios strongly differed from the usual 1:2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Cambré
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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47
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Tabakman SM, Welsher K, Hong G, Dai H. Optical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Separated in a Density Gradient; Length, Bundling, and Aromatic Stacking Effects. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2010; 114:19569-19575. [PMID: 21258607 PMCID: PMC3023917 DOI: 10.1021/jp106453v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are promising materials for in vitro and in vivo biological applications due to their high surface area and inherent near infrared photoluminescence and Raman scattering properties. Here, we use density gradient centrifugation to separate SWNTs by length and degree of bundling. Following separation, we observe a peak in photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) and Raman scattering intensity where SWNT length is maximized and bundling is minimized. Individualized SWNTs are found to exhibit high PL QY and high resonance-enhanced Raman scattering intensity. Fractions containing long, individual SWNTs exhibit the highest PL QY and Raman scattering intensities, compared to fractions containing single, short SWNTs or SWNT bundles. Intensity gains of approximately ~1.7 and 4-fold, respectively, are obtained compared with the starting material. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that SWNT fractions at higher displacement contain increasing proportions of SWNT bundles, which causes reduced optical transition energies and broadening of absorption features in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra, and reduced PL QY and Raman scattering intensity. Finally, we adsorb small aromatic species on "bright," individualized SWNT sidewalls and compare the resulting absorption, PL and Raman scattering effects to that of SWNT bundles. We observe similar effects in both cases, suggesting aromatic stacking affects the optical properties of SWNTs in an analogous way to SWNT bundles, likely due to electronic structure perturbations, charge transfer, and dielectric screening effects, resulting in reduction of the excitonic optical transition energies and exciton lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306
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48
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Santiago-Rodríguez L, Sánchez-Pomales G, Cabrera CR. DNA-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Yamamoto Y, Fujigaya T, Niidome Y, Nakashima N. Fundamental properties of oligo double-stranded DNA/single-walled carbon nanotube nanobiohybrids. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1767-1772. [PMID: 20820708 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are individually dissolved using twenty base paired-double-stranded (ds) DNA, (dA)(20)/(dT)(20), as well as single-stranded (ss) twenty-mers of oligo DNAs, adenine (dA)(20) and thymine (dT)(20), for comparison are described. In this study, unbound oligo DNAs are fully removed from the hybrid aqueous solutions using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC. Each SEC chromatogram of the solutions shows two separated peaks; one is the free oligo DNAs and the others are the oligo DNA/SWNT hybrids. The earlier eluent fractions (the hybrids) are separated into four size-separated fractions, and then their stability is evaluated by the re-injection of the fractions. The chromatograms of the earlier eluent fractions are almost identical to those of the original ones even after storage for one month, indicating the high stability of the dsDNA/SWNTs and ssDNA/SWNTs hybrids in water. The results free us from considering the desorption of the bound-oligo dsDNA or oligo ssDNA from their nanohybrids with the SWNTs, which is of significant advantage to the utilization of oligo DNA/SWNT nanobiohybrids in wide areas of science. We also investigated the near-IR absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectral behaviors of the fractionated oligo DNA/SWNTs hybrids not containing corresponding free oligo DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
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50
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Ohmori S, Saito T, Shukla B, Yumura M, Iijima S. Fractionation of single wall carbon nanotubes by length using cross flow filtration method. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3606-3610. [PMID: 20527801 DOI: 10.1021/nn100124v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel system for fractionating single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by length via a three-step cross-flow filtration has been developed in which three membrane filters of different pore sizes, 1.0, 0.45, and 0.2 microm, were used. SWCNTs dispersed in water with the help of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) detergents were successfully sorted into four samples, and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation of those samples confirmed that their length distribution peaks are within the expected ranges from pore sizes of used filters. However, the result of the similar filtration process using a different detergent, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), showed no pronounced correlation between the length distribution of SWCNTs and the pore size. The observed difference in the sorting phenomena caused by the detergent type suggests that the permeation property depends on the complex structure resulting from the dispersed SWCNTs and detergent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ohmori
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, 305-8565 Japan
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