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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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Brunhofer-Bolzer G, Gabriel M, Studenik CR, Erker T. Discovery of small molecules with vasodilating characteristics and adjustable hydrolytic behavior. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4710-4718. [PMID: 26072172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution the development of a new class of vasodilating compounds obtained by lead structure optimization is described. Three groups of compounds were synthesized and tested for their activity on various smooth muscle preparations of the guinea pig. Beside the lead compound 3a, the most interesting derivative was 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioic acid O-cyclohexyl ester hydrochloride (5b) with a good selective vasodilating potential on aorta and pulmonary artery rings (EC50 14 μM and 24 μM, respectively). Due to the properties of small molecules the hydrolysis behavior of the compounds can be easily adapted hence opening a new route in terms of duration of the agent's effect. With the aid of structure-activity relationship studies, structural motifs influencing the biological activity on isolated smooth muscle cell preparations of the synthesized compounds were proposed. The presented compounds offer good tools in identifying promising molecules as emergency therapy in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Brunhofer-Bolzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Studenik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kavala M, Brezová V, Švorc L, Vihonská Z, Olejníková P, Moncol J, Kožíšek J, Herich P, Szolcsányi P. Synthesis, physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of mono-/dinitroxyl amides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4491-502. [PMID: 24849262 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two comparative sets of mono-/dinitroxyl amides were designed and prepared. The novel TEMPO and/or PROXYL derivatives were fully characterised and their spin, redox and antimicrobial properties were determined. Cyclic voltammetry revealed (quasi)reversible redox behavior for most of the studied radicals. Moreover, the electron-withdrawing substituents increased the oxidation potential of nitroxides in comparison to electron-donating groups. While EPR spectra of monoradicals featured the typical three-line signal, the spectra of biradicals showed more complex splitting patterns. The in vitro biological assay revealed that unlike pyrrolidinyl derivatives, the piperidinyl nitroxides significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kancharla PK, Kato T, Crich D. Probing the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in sialic acid glycosides with the persistent radical effect. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5472-80. [PMID: 24606062 PMCID: PMC4004215 DOI: 10.1021/ja501276r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the investigation of the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in the sialic acid glycosides has been developed on the basis of the equilibration of O-sialyl hydroxylamines by reversible homolytic scission of the glycosidic bond following the dictates of the Fischer-Ingold persistent radical effect. It is found that a trans-fused 4O,5N-oxazolidinone group stabilizes the equatorial glycoside, i.e., reduces the anomeric effect, when compared to the 4O,5N-diacetyl protected systems. This effect is discussed in terms of the powerful electron-withdrawing nature of the oxazolidinone system, which in turn is a function of its strong dipole moment in the mean plane of the pyranose ring system. The new equilibration method displays a small solvent effect and is most pronounced in less polar media consistent with the anomeric effect in general. The unusual (for anomeric radicals) poor kinetic selectivity of anomeric sialyl radicals is discussed in terms of the planar π-type structure of these radicals and of competing 1,3-diaxial interactions in the diastereomeric transition states for trapping on the α- and β-faces of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Magee C, Earla A, Petraitis J, Higa C, Braslau R, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. Synthesis of fluorinated alkoxyamines and alkoxyamine-initiated nitroxide-mediated precipitation polymerizations of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first controlled/living precipitation NMP in supercritical carbon dioxide in the absence of nitroxide and comparisons with fluorinated alkoxyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Magee
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway, Ireland
| | - Aruna Earla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Jennifer Petraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Chad Higa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Rebecca Braslau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway, Ireland
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Knight SF, Kundu K, Joseph G, Dikalov S, Weiss D, Murthy N, Taylor WR. Folate receptor-targeted antioxidant therapy ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:793-800. [PMID: 22282594 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant therapy can protect against ischemic injury, but the inability to selectively target the kidney would require extremely high doses to achieve effective local concentrations of drug. Here, we developed a directed therapeutic that specifically targets an antioxidant to renal proximal tubule cells via the folate receptor. Because a local increase in superoxide contributes to renal ischemic injury, we created the folate-antioxidant conjugate 4-hydroxy-Tempo (tempol)-folate to target folate receptors, which are highly expressed in the proximal tubule. Dihydroethidium high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that conjugated tempol retained its efficacy to scavenge superoxide in proximal tubule cells. In a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, tempol-folate reduced renal superoxide levels more effectively than tempol alone. Furthermore, electron spin resonance revealed the successful targeting of the tempol-folate conjugate to the kidney and other tissues expressing folate receptors. Administration of tempol-folate protected the renal function of mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury and inhibited infiltration of macrophages. In conclusion, kidney-specific targeting of an antioxidant has therapeutic potential to prevent renal ischemic injury. Conjugation of other pharmaceuticals to folate may also facilitate the development of treatments for other kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Knight
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Tebben L, Studer A. Nitroxides: applications in synthesis and in polymer chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5034-68. [PMID: 21538729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes the application of nitroxides to synthesis and polymer chemistry. The synthesis and physical properties of nitroxides are discussed first. The largest section focuses on their application as stoichiometric and catalytic oxidants in organic synthesis. The oxidation of alcohols and carbanions, as well as oxidative C-C bond-forming reactions are presented along with other typical oxidative transformations. A section is also dedicated to the extensive use of nitroxides as trapping reagents for C-centered radicals in radical chemistry. Alkoxyamines derived from nitroxides are shown to be highly useful precursors of C-centered radicals in synthesis and also in polymer chemistry. The last section discusses the basics of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and also highlights new developments in the synthesis of complex polymer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Tebben
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Harrisson S, Couvreur P, Nicolas J. Simple and efficient copper metal-mediated synthesis of alkoxyamine initiators. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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