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Fujitani Y, Furuyama A, Hayashi M, Hagino H, Kajino M. Assessing oxidative stress induction ability and oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in cities in eastern and western Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138308. [PMID: 36889470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important cause of respiratory diseases associated with exposure to PM2.5. Accordingly, acellular methods for assessing the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 have been evaluated extensively for use as indicators of oxidative stress in living organisms. However, OP-based assessments only reflect the physicochemical properties of particles and do not consider particle-cell interactions. Therefore, to determine the potency of OP under various PM2.5 scenarios, oxidative stress induction ability (OSIA) assessments were performed using a cell-based method, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assay, and the findings were compared with OP measurements obtained using an acellular method, the dithiothreitol assay. For these assays, PM2.5 filter samples were collected in two cities in Japan. To quantitatively determine the relative contribution of the quantity of metals and subtypes of organic aerosols (OA) in PM2.5 to the OSIA and the OP, online measurements and offline chemical analysis were also performed. The findings showed a positive relationship between the OSIA and OP for water-extracted samples, confirming that the OP is generally well suited for use as an indicator of the OSIA. However, the correspondence between the two assays differed for samples with a high water-soluble (WS)-Pb content, which had a higher OSIA than would be expected from the OP of other samples. The results of reagent-solution experiments showed that the WS-Pb induced the OSIA, but not the OP, in 15-min reactions, suggesting a reason for the inconsistent relationship between the two assays across samples. Multiple linear regression analyses and reagent-solution experiments showed that WS transition metals and biomass burning OA accounted for approximately 30-40% and 50% of the total OSIA or the total OP of water-extracted PM2.5 samples, respectively. This is the first study to evaluate the association between cellular oxidative stress assessed by the HO-1 assay and the different subtypes of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujitani
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hagino
- Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0822, Japan
| | - Mizuo Kajino
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan
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Vannoy KJ, Tarolla NE, Kauffmann PJ, Clark RB, Dick JE. Detecting Methamphetamine in Aerosols by Electroanalysis in a Soap Bubble Wall. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6311-6317. [PMID: 35416032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a facile method to detect methamphetamine in aerosols by trapping aerosols in a soap bubble wall for electroanalysis. A microwire was placed through a soap bubble wall as a sensing electrode along with a 1 mm diameter platinum wire as the counter/reference electrode. The resulting electrochemical cell and electrode geometry are unique and allow for reproducible electrochemistry between bubble walls. We first provide a thorough investigation of the cell and electrode geometry and an electrochemical characterization of ferrocene methanol in a soap bubble wall composed of 0.1 M KCl and 0.1% Triton X-100 (v/v). To visualize the boundary where the bubble wets the microwire (the effective electrode area) with tens of nanometer resolution, we electrodeposited platinum on carbon microwire. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the bubble contact (i.e., cylindrical electrode height) is 157 ± 30 μm. Correlated digital microscopy suggests that the wetting reaches r ∼ 125 μm along the bubble wall laterally from the microwire. Beyond the wetting region, the bubble thickness is 18 ± 1 μm, as indicated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy experiments probing dissolved bis(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride. We illustrate that the voltammetric character in this system is highly dependent on the bubble wetting parameters, which are tuned by changing the microwire material. We then applied this system to the collection and electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in liquid aerosols, where the bubble wall acts as a low volume collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicole E Tarolla
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Philip J Kauffmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca B Clark
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Ezrre S, Reyna MA, Anguiano C, Avitia RL, Márquez H. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms for Airborne Particulate Matter Applications: A Review of Current Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:191. [PMID: 35448251 PMCID: PMC9024784 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices are described as versatile, fast, accurate, and low-cost platforms for the handling, detection, characterization, and analysis of a wide range of suspended particles in water-based environments. However, for gas-based applications, particularly in atmospheric aerosols science, LoC platforms are rarely developed. This review summarizes emerging LoC devices for the classification, measurement, and identification of airborne particles, especially those known as Particulate Matter (PM), which are linked to increased morbidity and mortality levels from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. For these devices, their operating principles and performance parameters are introduced and compared while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Discussing the current applications will allow us to identify challenges and determine future directions for developing more robust LoC devices to monitor and analyze airborne PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ezrre
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Reyna
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Citlalli Anguiano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Roberto L. Avitia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Heriberto Márquez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico;
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Romano MP, Lionetto MG, Mangone A, De Bartolomeo AR, Giordano ME, Contini D, Guascito MR. Development and characterization of a gold nanoparticles glassy carbon modified electrode for dithiotreitol (DTT) detection suitable to be applied for determination of atmospheric particulate oxidative potential. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Song P, Li Y, Yin S, Tang Y, Wang Z. Simulation-based evaluation of homogeneous electrocatalytic reaction within a thin layer modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Yu W, Zhao L. Chemiluminescence detection of reactive oxygen species generation and potential environmental applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Simões EF, Almeida AS, Duarte AC, Duarte RM. Assessing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in atmospheric and aquatic environments: Analytical challenges and opportunities. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou Y, Hu Q, Yu F, Ran GY, Wang HY, Shepherd ND, D'Alessandro DM, Kurmoo M, Zuo JL. A Metal-Organic Framework Based on a Nickel Bis(dithiolene) Connector: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Application as an Electrochemical Glucose Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20313-20317. [PMID: 33185447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing the redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) core with groups capable of coordination to metals provides new perspectives on the modulation of architectures and electronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. With a view to extending this concept, we have now synthesized nickel bis(dithiolene-dibenzoic acid), [Ni(C2S2(C6H4COOH)2)2], which can be considered as the inorganic analogue of the organic tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoic acid (H4TTFTB). Likewise, [Ni(C2S2(C6H4COOH)2)2] is a redox-active linker for new functional metal-organic frameworks, as demonstrated here with the synthesis of [Mn2{Ni(C2S2(C6H4COO)2)2}(H2O)2]·2DMF, (1, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). 1 is isomorphic to the reported [Mn2(TTFTB)(H2O)2] (2) but is a better electrochemical glucose sensor due to the multiple oxidation-reduction states of the [NiS4] core, which allow glucose to be oxidized to glucolactone by the high oxidation state [NiS4] center. As a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, 1 on Cu foam (CF), 1-CF, was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The fabricated 1-CF electrode offers a high sensitivity of 27.9 A M-1 cm-2, with a wide linear detection range from 2.0 × 10-6 to 2.0 × 10-3 M, a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10-7 M (signal/noise = 3), and satisfactory stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ying Ran
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Nicholas D Shepherd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Sooriyaarachchi D, Maharubin S, Tan GZ. ZnO Nanowire-Anchored Microfluidic Device With Herringbone Structure Fabricated by Maskless Photolithography. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2020; 11:1179597220941431. [PMID: 32704232 PMCID: PMC7361484 DOI: 10.1177/1179597220941431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of nanomaterials in microfluidic devices has emerged as a new research paradigm. Microfluidic devices composed of ZnO nanowires have been developed for the collection of urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high efficiency and in situ extraction of various microRNAs (miRNAs). The devices can be used for diagnosing various diseases, including kidney diseases and cancers. A major research need for developing micro total analysis systems is to enhance extraction efficiency. This article presents a novel fabrication method for a herringbone-patterned microfluidic device anchored with ZnO nanowire arrays. The substrates with herringbone patterns were created by maskless photolithography. The ZnO nanowire arrays were grown on the substrates by chemical bathing. The patterned design was to introduce turbulent flows as opposed to laminar flow in traditional devices to increase the mixing and contact of the urine sample with ZnO nanowires. The device showed reduced flow rates compared with conventional planar microfluidic channels and successfully extracted urine EV-encapsulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan Sooriyaarachchi
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shahrima Maharubin
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - George Z Tan
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Jan R, Roy R, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Toxicological screening of airborne particulate matter in atmosphere of Pune: Reactive oxygen species and cellular toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:113724. [PMID: 32078875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Present study screened the toxicological assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM), mechanistic investigation, relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and its associated toxic response. The average concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In present study, PM bound metals; Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Sr and Co have been taken into account with total metal concentration of 0.83 and 0.44 μg m-3 of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. The contribution of redox active metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn) in PM was more as compared to non-redox metals (Pb, Cd and Co) indicating significant risk to the exposed population as these metals possess the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for various diseases. The cytotoxicity profiles of PM samples determined by MTT assay on two different cell lines (A549 and PBMC) exhibited dose-dependent effects after 24 h exposure, but the consequences differ with respect to particle size and sampling periods. A significant decrease in cell viability with varying PM concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml-1) with respect to control was found in both cell lines. Incubation of RBC suspension with PM samples caused pronounced disruption of RBC and thus exhibited substantial hemolytic behavior. PM samples showed a range of potency to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Almost all PM samples increased the level of pro-inflammatory mediator (Nitric oxide) when compared to corresponding unexposed controls suggesting the important role of reactive nitrogen species in induction of cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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Abstract
Breathing air is a fundamental human need, yet its safety, when challenged by various harmful or lethal substances, is often not properly guarded. For example, air toxicity is currently monitored only for a single or a limited number of known toxicants, thus failing to warn against possible hazardous air fully. Here, we discovered that, within minutes, living rats emitted distinctive profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via breath when exposed to various airborne toxicants such as endotoxin, O3, ricin, and CO2. Compared to background indoor air, when exposed to ricin or endotoxin aerosols, breath-borne VOC levels, especially that of carbon disulfide, were shown to decrease, while their elevated levels were observed for exposure to O3 and CO2. A clear contrast in breath-borne VOC profiles of rats exposed to different toxicants was observed with a statistical significance. Differences in microRNA regulations such as miR-33, miR-146a, and miR-155 from rats' blood samples revealed different mechanisms used by rats in combating different air toxicant challenges. Similar to dogs, rats were found here to be able to sniff off toxic air by releasing a specific breath-borne VOC profile. The discovered science opens a new arena for online monitoring of air toxicity and health effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An intensive sampling of PM2.5 was conducted at a rural site (Gucheng) in the North China Plain from 22 October to 23 November 2016. A total of 25 elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, and Sb) from PM2.5 filter samples collected daily were measured using a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Cl, S, and K were the most abundant elements, with average concentrations of 2077.66 ng m−3 (range 118.88–4638.96 ng m−3), 1748.78 ng m−3 (range 276.67–4335.59 ng m−3), and 1287.07 ng m−3 (range 254.90–2748.63 ng m−3), respectively. Among noncrustal trace metal elements, the concentration of Zn was the highest, with an average of 397.74 ng m−3 (range 36.45–1602.96 ng m−3), followed by Sb and Pb, on average, of 299.20 ng m−3 and 184.52 ng m−3, respectively. The morphologies of PM2.5 samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the particles was predominantly spherical, chain-like, and irregular. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that soil dust, following by industry, secondary formation, vehicle emissions, biomass and waste burning, and coal combustion, were the main sources of PM2.5. The results of cluster, potential source contribution function, and concentration weighted trajectory analyses suggested that local emissions from Hebei Province, as well as regional transport from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi Province, and long-range transport from Inner Mongolia, were the main contributors to PM2.5 pollution.
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Use of Dithiothreitol Assay to Evaluate the Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a useful descriptor for the ability of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently induce oxidative stress in biological systems, which has been recognized as one of the most important mechanisms responsible for PM toxicity. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is one of the most frequently used techniques to quantify OP because it is low-cost, easy-to-operate, and has high repeatability. With two thiol groups, DTT has been used as a surrogate of biological sulfurs that can be oxidized when exposed to ROS. Within the DTT measurement matrix, OP is defined as the DTT consumption rate. Often, the DTT consumption can be attributed to the presence of transition metals and quinones in PM as they can catalyze the oxidation of DTT through catalytic redox reactions. However, the DTT consumption by non-catalytic PM components has not been fully investigated. In addition, weak correlations between DTT consumption, ROS generation, and cellular responses have been observed in several studies, which also reveal the knowledge gaps between DTT-based OP measurements and their implication on health effects. In this review, we critically assessed the current challenges and limitations of DTT measurement, highlighted the understudied DTT consumption mechanisms, elaborated the necessity to understand both PM-bound and PM-induced ROS, and concluded with research needs to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
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Klunder KJ, Clark KM, McCord C, Berg KE, Minteer SD, Henry CS. Polycaprolactone-enabled sealing and carbon composite electrode integration into electrochemical microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2589-2597. [PMID: 31250868 PMCID: PMC6801002 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining electrochemistry with microfluidics is attractive for a wide array of applications including multiplexing, automation, and high-throughput screening. Electrochemical instrumentation also has the advantage of being low-cost and can enable high analyte sensitivity. For many electrochemical microfluidic applications, carbon electrodes are more desirable than noble metals because they are resistant to fouling, have high activity, and large electrochemical solvent windows. At present, fabrication of electrochemical microfluidic devices bearing integrated carbon electrodes remains a challenge. Here, a new system for integrating polycaprolactone (PCL) and carbon composite electrodes into microfluidics is presented. The PCL : carbon composites have excellent electrochemical activity towards a wide range of analytes as well as high electrical conductivity (∼1000 S m-1). The new system utilizes a laser cutter for fast, simple fabrication of microfluidics using PCL as a bonding layer. As a proof-of-concept application, oil-in-water and water-in-oil droplets are electrochemically analysed. Small-scale electrochemical organic synthesis for TEMPO mediated alcohol oxidation is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Klunder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylee M Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Cynthia McCord
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Sun M, Su Y, Yang W, Zhang L, Hu J, Lv Y. Organosiloxane and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Compounds as Chemiluminescent Molecular Probes for Direct Monitoring Hydroxyl Radicals. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8926-8932. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Su Y, Song H, Lv Y. Recent advances in chemiluminescence for reactive oxygen species sensing and imaging analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bates JT, Fang T, Verma V, Zeng L, Weber RJ, Tolbert PE, Abrams JY, Sarnat SE, Klein M, Mulholland JA, Russell AG. Review of Acellular Assays of Ambient Particulate Matter Oxidative Potential: Methods and Relationships with Composition, Sources, and Health Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4003-4019. [PMID: 30830764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a potential mechanism of action for particulate matter (PM) toxicity and can occur when the body's antioxidant capacity cannot counteract or detoxify harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to an excess presence of ROS. ROS are introduced to the body via inhalation of PM with these species present on and/or within the particles (particle-bound ROS) and/or through catalytic generation of ROS in vivo after inhaling redox-active PM species (oxidative potential, OP). The recent development of acellular OP measurement techniques has led to a surge in research across the globe. In this review, particle-bound ROS techniques are discussed briefly while OP measurements are the focus due to an increasing number of epidemiologic studies using OP measurements showing associations with adverse health effects in some studies. The most common OP measurement techniques, including the dithiothreitol assay, glutathione assay, and ascorbic acid assay, are discussed along with evidence for utility of OP measurements in epidemiologic studies and PM characteristics that drive different responses between assay types (such as species composition, emission source, and photochemistry). Overall, most OP assays respond to metals like copper than can be found in emission sources like vehicles. Some OP assays respond to organics, especially photochemically aged organics, from sources like biomass burning. Select OP measurements have significant associations with certain cardiorespiratory end points, such as asthma, congestive heart disease, and lung cancer. In fact, multiple studies have found that exposure to OP measured using the dithiothreitol and glutathione assays drives higher risk ratios for certain cardiorespiratory outcomes than PM mass, suggesting OP measurements may be integrating the health-relevant fraction of PM and will be useful tools for future health analyses. The compositional impacts, including species and emission sources, on OP could have serious implications for health-relevant PM exposure. Though more work is needed, OP assays show promise for health studies as they integrate the impacts of PM species and properties on catalytic redox reactions into one measurement, and current work highlights the importance of metals, organic carbon, vehicles, and biomass burning emissions to PM exposures that could impact health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Bates
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , Illinois 61820 , United States
| | - Linghan Zeng
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Rodney J Weber
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Paige E Tolbert
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Joseph Y Abrams
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta , Georgia 30329 , United States
| | - Stefanie E Sarnat
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Mitchel Klein
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - James A Mulholland
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Armistead G Russell
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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19
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Berg KE, Turner LR, Benka-Coker ML, Rajkumar S, Young BN, Peel JL, Clark ML, Volckens J, Henry CS. Electrochemical Dithiothreitol Assay for Large-Scale Particulate Matter Studies. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2019; 53:268-275. [PMID: 31588161 PMCID: PMC6777574 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1560391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with human morbidity and mortality. Measuring PM oxidative potential has been shown to provide a predictive measurement between PM exposure and adverse health impacts. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is commonly used to measure the oxidative potential of PM2.5 (PM less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter). In the common, kinetic form of this assay, the decay of DTT is quantified over time (indirectly) using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, Ellman's reagent) via UV/vis absorbance spectroscopy. The loss of DTT can also be quantified directly using electrochemical detection. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate the electrochemical assay, using commercially available equipment, relative to the UV/vis absorbance assay, and (2) to apply the electrochemical method to a large (>100) number of PM2.5 aerosol filter samples. Also presented here is the comparison an end-point assay to the kinetic assay, in an attempt to reduce the time, labor, and materials neccssary to quantify PM oxidative potential. The end-point, electrochemical assay gave comparable results to the UV/vis absorbance assay for PM filter sample analysis. Finally, high filter mass loadings (higher than about 0.5 μg PM per mm2 filter) lead to sub-optimal DTT assay performance, which suggests future studies should limit particle mass loadings on filters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan L. Benka-Coker
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Bonnie N. Young
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Maggie L. Clark
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - John Volckens
- Dept of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
- Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Dept of Chemistry, Colorado State University
- Dept of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University
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20
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Rezaei S, Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Nabizadeh R, Yunesian M, Ghanbarian M, Atafar Z, Faraji M, Nazmara S, Mahmoudi B, Ghozikali MG, ghanbarian M, Gholampour A. Physiochemical characteristics and oxidative potential of ambient air particulate matter (PM 10) during dust and non-dust storm events: a case study in Tehran, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2018; 16:147-158. [PMID: 30728987 PMCID: PMC6277329 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative potential (OP) in PM10 during dust and non-dust days in a rural and an urban area in Tehran. Water-soluble ions, metal(loid)s, PAHs, and OP were measured using ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and dithiothreitol (DTT) assay respectively. The results showed that the average concentrations of ambient PM10 were 284 ± 90.4 and 123 ± 31.4 μg m-3 on dusty and regular days in urban areas respectively, and were 258 ± 48.3 and 124 ± 41.4 μg m-3 on dusty and regular days in rural areas, respectively; these values were 95% above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline level. The crustal elements Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al, Si, Fe and Ti were the dominant for PM10 on dusty days, and NO- 3 and SO4 2- were dominant for PM10 on regular days. The average ± SD concentrations of total PAHs were 34.3 ± 22.5 and 55.1 ± 28.3 ng m-3 on dusty and regular days, respectively, with the maximum value occurring on inversion days. The average OP was 8.90 ± 7.15 and 1.41 ± 0.35 and was 11.4 ± 3.97 and 19.9 ± 8.67 (nmol min-1 μg PM10 -1) for water and methanol extracts on dusty and regular days, respectively, with the lowest value occurring on dusty days. The OP was highly associated with Cu and Mn. Briefly; the results of this study demonstrate that OP is mass independent and consequence a promising proxy for PM mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Methodology and Data Analysis Department, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Atafar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mahmoudi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Gholampour
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Tong H, Lakey PSJ, Arangio AM, Socorro J, Shen F, Lucas K, Brune WH, Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Reactive Oxygen Species Formed by Secondary Organic Aerosols in Water and Surrogate Lung Fluid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11642-11651. [PMID: 30234977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in adverse health effects of air pollutants. Respiratory deposition of fine air particulate matter can lead to the formation of ROS in epithelial lining fluid, potentially causing oxidative stress and inflammation. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) account for a large fraction of fine particulate matter, but their role in adverse health effects is unclear. Here, we quantify and compare the ROS yields and oxidative potential of isoprene, β-pinene, and naphthalene SOA in water and surrogate lung fluid (SLF). In pure water, isoprene and β-pinene SOA were found to produce mainly OH and organic radicals, whereas naphthalene SOA produced mainly H2O2 and O2•-. The total molar yields of ROS of isoprene and β-pinene SOA were 11.8% and 8.2% in water and decreased to 8.5% and 5.2% in SLF, which can be attributed to ROS removal by lung antioxidants. A positive correlation between the total peroxide concentration and ROS yield suggests that organic (hydro)peroxides may play an important role in ROS formation from biogenic SOA. The total molar ROS yields of naphthalene SOA was 1.7% in water and increased to 11.3% in SLF. This strong increase is likely due to redox reaction cycles involving environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) or semiquinones, antioxidants, and oxygen, which may promote the formation of H2O2 and the adverse health effects of anthropogenic SOA from aromatic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Andrea M Arangio
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Joanna Socorro
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Fangxia Shen
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - William H Brune
- Department of Meteorology , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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22
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Chen H, Li J, Zhang X, Li X, Yao M, Zheng G. Automated in Vivo Nanosensing of Breath-Borne Protein Biomarkers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4716-4726. [PMID: 29995423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology and bedside medical condition monitoring is often desired to be both ultrasensitive and noninvasive. However, current biomarker analyses for these purposes are mostly offline and fail to detect low marker quantities. Here, we report a system called dLABer (detection of living animal's exhaled breath biomarker) that integrates living rats, breath sampling, microfluidics, and biosensors for the automated tracking of breath-borne biomarkers. Our data show that dLABer could selectively detect (online) and report differences (of up to 103-fold) in the levels of inflammation agent interleukin-6 (IL-6) exhaled by rats injected with different ambient particulate matter (PM). The dLABer system was further shown to have an up to 104 higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when analyzing the same breath samples. In addition, both blood-borne IL-6 levels analyzed via ELISA in rats injected with different PM extracts and PM toxicity determined by a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay agreed well with those determined by the dLABer system. Video recordings further verified that rats exposed to PM with higher toxicity (according to a DTT assay and as revealed by dLABer) appeared to be less physically active. All the data presented here suggest that the dLABer system is capable of real-time, noninvasive monitoring of breath-borne biomarkers with ultrasensitivity. The dLABer system is expected to revolutionize pollutant health effect studies and bedside disease diagnosis as well as physiological condition monitoring at the single-protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
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23
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Liu W, Pan S, Zhang H, Tang Z, Liang J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Hu X, Pang W, Duan X. A Universal Biomolecular Concentrator To Enhance Biomolecular Surface Binding Based on Acoustic NEMS Resonator. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:899-908. [PMID: 30062119 PMCID: PMC6062835 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In designing bioassay systems for low-abundance biomolecule detection, most research focuses on improving transduction mechanisms while ignoring the intrinsically fundamental limitations in solution: mass transfer and binding affinity. We demonstrate enhanced biomolecular surface binding using an acoustic nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) resonator, as an on-chip biomolecular concentrator which breaks both mass transfer and binding affinity limitations. As a result, a concentration factor of 105 has been obtained for various biomolecules. The resultantly enhanced surface binding between probes on the absorption surface and analytes in solution enables us to lower the limit of detection for representative proteins. We also integrated the biomolecular concentrator into an optoelectronic bioassay platform to demonstrate delivery of proteins from buffer/serum to the absorption surface. Since the manufacture of the resonator is CMOS-compatible, we expect it to be readily applied to further analysis of biomolecular interactions in molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zifan Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ji Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College
of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Menglun Zhang
- College
of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- College
of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- College
of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Carneiro EA, Agustini D, Figueiredo-Filho LCS, Banks CE, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF. 3D-printed Microfluidic Device Based on Cotton Threads for Amperometric Estimation of Antioxidants in Wine Samples. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle A. Carneiro
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba-PR Brazil
| | - Deonir Agustini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba-PR Brazil
| | | | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba-PR Brazil
| | - Márcio F. Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba-PR Brazil
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25
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Kreisberg N, Hering S. An online monitor of the oxidative capacity of aerosols (o-MOCA). ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2017; 10:633-644. [PMID: 29187913 PMCID: PMC5703220 DOI: 10.5194/amt-10-633-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of airborne particulate matter to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been correlated with the generation of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular damage from oxidative stress, and by implication with ROS, is associated with several common diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and some neurological diseases. Yet currently available chemical and in vitro assays to determine the oxidative capacity of ambient particles require large samples, analyses are typically done offline, and the results are not immediate. Here we report the development of an online monitor of the oxidative capacity of aerosols (o-MOCA) to provide online, time-resolved assessment of the capacity of airborne particles to generate ROS. Our approach combines the Liquid Spot Sampler (LSS), which collects particles directly into small volumes of liquid, and a chemical module optimized for online measurement of the oxidative capacity of aerosol using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The LSS uses a three-stage, laminar-flow water condensation approach to enable the collection of particles as small as 5 nm into liquid. The DTT assay has been improved to allow the online, time-resolved analysis of samples collected with the LSS but could be adapted to other collection methods or offline analysis of liquid extracts. The o-MOCA was optimized and its performance evaluated using the 9,10-phenanthraquinone (PQ) as a standard redox-active compound. Laboratory testing shows minimum interferences or carryover between consecutive samples, low blanks, and a reproducible, linear response between the DTT consumption rate (nmol min-1) and PQ concentration (μM). The calculated limit of detection for o-MOCA was 0.15 nmol min-1. The system was validated with a diesel exhaust particle (DEP) extract, previously characterized and used for the development, improvement, and validation of the standard DTT analysis. The DTT consumption rates (nmol min-1) obtained with the o-MOCA were within experimental uncertainties of those previously reported for these DEP samples. In ambient air testing, the fully automated o-MOCA was run unattended for 3 days with 3 h time resolution and showed a diurnal and daily variability in the measured consumption rates (nmol min-1 m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Hering
- Aerosol Dynamics Inc., 935 Grayson St., Berkeley, CA, USA
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26
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Charrier JG, McFall AS, Vu KKT, Baroi J, Olea C, Hasson A, Anastasio C. A bias in the "mass-normalized" DTT response - an effect of non-linear concentration-response curves for copper and manganese. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2016; 144:325-334. [PMID: 27667959 PMCID: PMC5031483 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is widely used to measure the oxidative potential of particulate matter. Results are typically presented in mass-normalized units (e.g., pmols DTT lost per minute per microgram PM) to allow for comparison among samples. Use of this unit assumes that the mass-normalized DTT response is constant and independent of the mass concentration of PM added to the DTT assay. However, based on previous work that identified non-linear DTT responses for copper and manganese, this basic assumption (that the mass-normalized DTT response is independent of the concentration of PM added to the assay) should not be true for samples where Cu and Mn contribute significantly to the DTT signal. To test this we measured the DTT response at multiple PM concentrations for eight ambient particulate samples collected at two locations in California. The results confirm that for samples with significant contributions from Cu and Mn, the mass-normalized DTT response can strongly depend on the concentration of PM added to the assay, varying by up to an order of magnitude for PM concentrations between 2 and 34 μg mL-1. This mass dependence confounds useful interpretation of DTT assay data in samples with significant contributions from Cu and Mn, requiring additional quality control steps to check for this bias. To minimize this problem, we discuss two methods to correct the mass-normalized DTT result and we apply those methods to our samples. We find that it is possible to correct the mass-normalized DTT result, although the correction methods have some drawbacks and add uncertainty to DTT analyses. More broadly, other DTT-active species might also have non-linear concentration-responses in the assay and cause a bias. In addition, the same problem of Cu- and Mn-mediated bias in mass-normalized DTT results might affect other measures of acellular redox activity in PM and needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Charrier
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis
| | - Alexander S. McFall
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis
| | - Kennedy K-T Vu
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno
| | - James Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno
| | - Catalina Olea
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno
| | - Alam Hasson
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis
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27
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Oh JM, Chow KF. Naked-Eye Coulometric Sensor Using a Longitudinally Oriented Ag Band Electrode in a Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kwok-Fan Chow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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28
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Meredith NA, Quinn C, Cate DM, Reilly TH, Volckens J, Henry CS. Paper-based analytical devices for environmental analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:1874-1887. [PMID: 26901771 PMCID: PMC9423764 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The field of paper-based microfluidics has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), originally developed for point-of-care medical diagnostics in resource-limited settings, are now being applied in new areas, such as environmental analyses. Low-cost paper sensors show great promise for on-site environmental analysis; the theme of ongoing research complements existing instrumental techniques by providing high spatial and temporal resolution for environmental monitoring. This review highlights recent applications of μPADs for environmental analysis along with technical advances that may enable μPADs to be more widely implemented in field testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Meredith
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - David M Cate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA and Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - Thomas H Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. and Access Sensor Technologies, LLC, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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29
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Liu W, Lin JM. Online Monitoring of Lactate Efflux by Multi-Channel Microfluidic Chip-Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Drug Evaluation. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
Airborne particles have been associated with a range of adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes, which has driven its monitoring at stationary central sites throughout the world. Individual exposures, however, can differ substantially from concentrations measured at central sites due to spatial variability across a region and sources unique to the individual, such as cooking or cleaning in homes, traffic emissions during commutes, and widely varying sources encountered at work. Personal monitoring with small, battery-powered instruments enables the measurement of an individual's exposure as they go about their daily activities. Personal monitoring can substantially reduce exposure misclassification and improve the power to detect relationships between particulate pollution and adverse health outcomes. By partitioning exposures to known locations and sources, it may be possible to account for variable toxicity of different sources. This review outlines recent advances in the field of personal exposure assessment for particulate pollution. Advances in battery technology have improved the feasibility of 24-h monitoring, providing the ability to more completely attribute exposures to microenvironment (e.g., work, home, commute). New metrics to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter and health are also being considered, including particle number concentration, particle composition measures, and particle oxidative load. Such metrics provide opportunities to develop more precise associations between airborne particles and health and may provide opportunities for more effective regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Thomas M Peters
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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31
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Ciriello F, Gualtieri M, Longhin E, Ruffo R, Camatini M, Parenti P. A new method and tool for detection and quantification of PM oxidative potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12469-12478. [PMID: 25903194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) contains several quinones, which are able to generate reactive oxygen species impacting on cell viability. A method able to detect and quantify PM oxidative potential, based on the cytochrome c (cyt-c) reduction by means of superoxide anion produced through quinones redox cycling in the presence of reducing agents, is here described. Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine resulted to be the most efficient reducing agent among the ones tested. The procedure included rapid particles extraction, followed by two alternative analytical methods, a spectrophotometric assay based on the initial rate of cyt-c reduction at 550 nm, and an amperometric assay, based on self-assembled monolayers modified gold electrodes. The smallest amount of PM needed to obtain an evaluable signal is 2 μg. The described procedure may represent a starting point to develop devices for PM measurements in polluted atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciriello
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dellaScienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy,
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Wang HS, Bao WJ, Ren SB, Chen M, Wang K, Xia XH. Fluorescent Sulfur-Tagged Europium(III) Coordination Polymers for Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6828-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Jing Bao
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shi-Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Liu W, Chen Q, Lin X, Lin JM. Online multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry and its application for quantifying noncovalent protein-protein interactions. Analyst 2015; 140:1551-4. [PMID: 25597452 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To establish an automatic and online microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry (chip-MS) system, a device was designed and fabricated for microsampling by a hybrid capillary. The movement of the capillary was programmed by a computer to aspirate samples from different microfluidic channels in the form of microdroplets (typically tens of nanoliters in volume), which were separated by air plugs. The droplets were then directly analyzed by MS via paper spray ionization without any pretreatment. The feasibility and performance were demonstrated by a concentration gradient experiment. Furthermore, after eliminating the effect of nonuniform response factors by an internal standard method, determination of the association constant within a noncovalent protein-protein complex was successfully accomplished with the MS-based titration indicating the versatility and the potential of this novel platform for widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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Pluangklang T, Wydallis JB, Cate DM, Nacapricha D, Henry CS. A Simple Microfluidic Electrochemical HPLC Detector for Quantifying Fenton Reactivity from Welding Fumes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 6:8180-8186. [PMID: 25267929 PMCID: PMC4175734 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay01534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Development and characterization of a simple microfluidic electrochemical flow cell that can be coupled with HPLC to enable dual absorbance/electrochemical detection is described. Coupling absorbance and electrochemical detection increases the information that can be gathered from a single injection, but a second (typically expensive) detection system is required. Here, an inexpensive, customizable microfluidic electrochemical detector is coupled in series with a commercial HPLC/UV system. The microfluidic device is made from poly(dimethylsiloxane) and contains carbon paste electrodes. To demonstrate the utility of this dual-detection system, the reaction products of the radical scavenging agent salicylic acid and hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton chemistry were analyzed. The dual-detection system was used to quantify 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechol produced by the addition of H2O2 to filter samples of welding fumes. Measurement recovery was high, with percent recoveries between 97-102%, 92-103%, and 95-103% for 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechol, respectively, for control samples. The methods described in this work are simple, reliable, and can inexpensively couple electrochemical detection to HPLC-UV systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakorn Pluangklang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - John B. Wydallis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David M. Cate
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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He M, Crow J, Roth M, Zeng Y, Godwin AK. Integrated immunoisolation and protein analysis of circulating exosomes using microfluidic technology. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3773-80. [PMID: 25099143 PMCID: PMC4161194 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing blood-based tests is appealing for non-invasive disease diagnosis, especially when biopsy is difficult, costly, and sometimes not even an option. Tumor-derived exosomes have attracted increasing interest in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. However, the biology and clinical value of exosomes remains largely unknown due in part to current technical challenges in rapid isolation, molecular classification and comprehensive analysis of exosomes. Here we developed a new microfluidic approach to streamline and expedite the exosome analysis pipeline by integrating specific immunoisolation and targeted protein analysis of circulating exosomes. Compared to the conventional methods, our approach enables selective subpopulation isolation and quantitative detection of surface and intravesicular biomarkers directly from a minimally invasive amount of plasma samples (30 μL) within ~100 min with markedly improved detection sensitivity. Using this device, we demonstrated phenotyping of exosome subpopulations by targeting a panel of common exosomal and tumor-specific markers and multiparameter analyses of intravesicular biomarkers in the selected subpopulation. We were able to assess the total expression and phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R in non-small-cell lung cancer patients by probing plasma exosomes as a non-invasive alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. We foresee that the microfluidic exosome analysis platform will form the basis for critically needed infrastructures for advancing the biology and clinical utilization of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA . ; Fax: +1 (913) 945 6373 ; Tel: +1 (913) 945 6327
| | - Jennifer Crow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA . ; Fax: +1 (913) 945 6373 ; Tel: +1 (913) 945 6327
| | - Marc Roth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA . ; Fax: +1 (913) 945 6373 ; Tel: +1 (913) 945 6327
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Ralph N Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry , and Bioengineering Graduate Program , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA . ; Fax: +1 (785) 864 5396 ; Tel: +1 (785) 864 8105
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA . ; Fax: +1 (913) 945 6373 ; Tel: +1 (913) 945 6327
- University of Kansas Cancer Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA
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Dungchai W, Sameenoi Y, Chailapakul O, Volckens J, Henry CS. Determination of aerosol oxidative activity using silver nanoparticle aggregation on paper-based analytical devices. Analyst 2014; 138:6766-73. [PMID: 24067623 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution significantly impacts human health, but the cellular mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity remain poorly understood. A leading hypothesis on the effects of inhaled PM involves the generation of cellular oxidative stress. To investigate PM-induced oxidative stress, analytical methods have been developed to study the chemical oxidation of dithiothreitol (DTT) in the presence of PM. Although DTT readily reacts with several forms of reactive oxygen species, this molecule is not endogenously produced in biological systems. Glutathione (GSH), on the other hand, is an endogenous antioxidant that is produced throughout the body and is directly involved in combating oxidative stress in the lungs and other tissues. We report here a new method for measuring aerosol oxidative activity that uses silver nanoparticle (AgNP) aggregation coupled to glutathione (GSH) oxidation in a paper-based analytical device. In this assay, the residual reduced GSH from the oxidation of reduced GSH to its disulfide induces the aggregation of AgNPs on a paper-based analytical device, which produces a reddish-brown product. Two methods for aerosol oxidative reactivity are presented: one based on change in color intensity using a traditional paper-based techniques and one based on the length of the color product formed using a distance-based device. These methods were validated against traditional spectroscopic assays for DTT and GSH that employ Elman's reagent. No significant difference was found between the levels measured by all three GSH methods (our two paper-based devices and the traditional method) at the 95% confidence level. PM reactivity towards GSH was less than towards DTT most likely due to the difference in the oxidation potential between the two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijitar Dungchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
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Yang F, Zuo X, Li Z, Deng W, Shi J, Zhang G, Huang Q, Song S, Fan C. A bubble-mediated intelligent microscale electrochemical device for single-step quantitative bioassays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4671-6. [PMID: 24729272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An intelligent microscale electrochemical device (iMED) for one-step, quantitative and multiplexed electrochemical detection of biomarkers for infectious diseases and tumors is developed. A "plug-in-cartridge" technology is introduced and adapted for use in screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) in electrochemical devices. Using this iMED, biomarkers for two types of tumors and one infectious disease are detected at sub-ng/mL levels in less than 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Division of Physical, Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, China
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Koehler K, Shapiro J, Sameenoi Y, Henry C, Volckens J. LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A MICROFLUIDIC ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR AEROSOL OXIDATIVE LOAD. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2014; 48:489-497. [PMID: 24711675 PMCID: PMC3975820 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2014.891722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with human morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms by which PM impacts human health are unresolved, but evidence suggests that PM intake leads to cellular oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, reliable tools are needed for estimating the oxidant generating capacity, or oxidative load, of PM at high temporal resolution (minutes to hours). One of the most widely reported methods for assessing PM oxidative load is the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The traditional DTT assay utilizes filter-based PM collection in conjunction with chemical analysis to determine the oxidation rate of reduced DTT in solution with PM. However, the traditional DTT assay suffers from poor time resolution, loss of reactive species during sampling, and high limit of detection. Recently, a new DTT assay was developed that couples a Particle-Into-Liquid-Sampler with microfluidic-electrochemical detection. This 'on-line' system allows high temporal resolution monitoring of PM reactivity with improved detection limits. This study reports on a laboratory comparison of the traditional and on-line DTT approaches. An urban dust sample was aerosolized in a laboratory test chamber at three atmospherically-relevant concentrations. The on-line system gave a stronger correlation between DTT consumption rate and PM mass (R2 = 0.69) than the traditional method (R2 = 0.40) and increased precision at high temporal resolution, compared to the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shapiro
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Charles Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Zhang J, Jaquins-Gerstl A, Nesbitt KM, Rutan SC, Michael AC, Weber SG. In vivo monitoring of serotonin in the striatum of freely moving rats with one minute temporal resolution by online microdialysis-capillary high-performance liquid chromatography at elevated temperature and pressure. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9889-97. [PMID: 24020786 DOI: 10.1021/ac4023605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Online monitoring of serotonin in striatal dialysate from freely moving rats was carried out for more than 16 h at 1 min time resolution using microdialysis coupled online to a capillary HPLC system operating at about 500 bar and 50 °C. Several aspects of the system were optimized toward robust, in vivo online measurements. A two-loop, eight-port rotary injection valve demonstrated better consistency of continuous injections than the more commonly used two-loop, 10-port valve. A six-port loop injector for introducing stimulating solutions (stimulus injector) was placed in-line between the syringe pump and microdialysis probe. We minimized solute dispersion by using capillary tubing (75 μm inside diameter, 70 cm long) for the probe inlet and outlet. In vitro assessment of concentration dispersion during transport with a 30 s time resolution showed that the dispersion standard deviation for serotonin was well within the desired system temporal resolution. Each 30 or 60 s measurement reflects the integral of the true time response over the measurement time. We have accounted for this mathematically in determining the concentration dispersion during transport. The delay time between a concentration change at the probe and its detection is 7 min. The timing of injections from the stimulus injector and the cycle time for the HPLC monitoring of the flow stream were controlled. The electrochemical detector contained a 13 μm spacer to minimize detector dead volume. During in vivo experiments, retention time and separation efficiency were stable and reproducible. There was no statistically significant change over 5.5 h in the electrochemical detector sensitivity factor for serotonin. Dialysate serotonin concentrations change significantly in response to a 120 mM K(+) stimulus. Release of serotonin evoked by a 10 min, 120 mM K(+) stimulation, but not for other K(+) stimuli, exhibited a reproducible, oscillating profile of dialysate serotonin concentration versus time. Infusion of fluoxetine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, increased dialysate serotonin concentrations and stimulated release magnitude. Transient serotonin increases were observed in response to the stress associated with unexpected handling. This system is simple, efficient, reliable, and suitable for the study of serotonin neurochemistry associated with emotion and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Pang X, Lewis AC, Ródenas-García M. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip derivatization for gaseous carbonyl analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:93-103. [PMID: 23726351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip derivatization technique for the analysis of gaseous carbonyl compounds using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) as the derivatizing reagent. The novel microfluidic lab-on-a-chip derivatization technique has been developed to measure nmol per mole (ppbv) mixing ratios of gaseous carbonyl compounds, which are of particular importance to atmospheric chemistry. The technique utilised a planar glass microreactor comprising three inlets and one outlet, gas and fluid splitting and combining channels, mixing junctions, and a 2.0m long, 620μm internal diameter reaction microchannel. The microreactor integrated three functions, providing: (1) a gas and liquid mixer and reactor, (2) reagent heating, and (3) sample pre-concentration. The concentration of derivatization solution, the volumetric flow rates of the incoming gas sample and PFBHA solution, and the temperature of the microreactor were optimised to achieve a near real-time measurement. The enhanced phase contact area-to-volume ratio and the high heat transfer rate in the microreactor resulted in a fast and high efficiency derivatization reaction, generating an effluent stream which was ready for direct introduction to GC-MS. Good linearity was observed for eight carbonyl compounds over the measurement ranges of 1-500ppbv when they were derivatized under optimal reaction conditions. The method detection limits (MDLs) were below 0.10nmolmol(-1) for most carbonyls in this study, which is below or close to their typical concentrations in clean ambient air. The performance of the technique was assessed by applying the methodology to the quantification of glyoxal (GLY) and methylglyoxal (MGLY) formed during isoprene photo-oxidation in an outdoor photoreactor chamber (EUPHORE). Good agreements between GLY and MGLY measurements were obtained comparing this new technique with Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), which provides support for the potential effectiveness of the microfluidic technique for gaseous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Sameenoi Y, Panymeesamer P, Supalakorn N, Koehler K, Chailapakul O, Henry CS, Volckens J. Microfluidic paper-based analytical device for aerosol oxidative activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:932-40. [PMID: 23227907 PMCID: PMC3556395 DOI: 10.1021/es304662w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been linked with respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to various cancers. Consistent among all of these associations is the hypothesis that PM induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected tissue. Consequently, a variety of assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative activity of PM as a means to characterize its ability to induced oxidative stress. The vast majority of these assays rely on high-volume, fixed-location sampling methods due to limitations in assay sensitivity and detection limit. As a result, our understanding of how personal exposure contributes to the intake of oxidative air pollution is limited. To further this understanding, we present a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for measuring PM oxidative activity on filters collected by personal sampling. The μPAD is inexpensive to fabricate and provides fast and sensitive analysis of aerosol oxidative activity. The oxidative activity measurement is based on the dithiothreitol assay (DTT assay), uses colorimetric detection, and can be completed in the field within 30 min following sample collection. The μPAD assay was validated against the traditional DTT assay using 13 extracted aerosol samples including urban aerosols, biomass burning PM, cigarette smoke, and incense smoke. The results showed no significant differences in DTT consumption rate measured by the two methods. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, personal samples were collected to estimate human exposures to PM from indoor air, outdoor air on a clean day, and outdoor air on a wildfire-impacted day in Fort Collins, CO. Filter samples collected on the wildfire day gave the highest oxidative activity on a mass normalized basis, whereas typical ambient background air showed the lowest oxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupaporn Sameenoi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - Natcha Supalakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Charles S. Henry, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; , Fax: 1-970-491-1801; Tel: 1-970-491-2852; Dr. John Volckens, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; ; Tel: 1-970-491-6341
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Charles S. Henry, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; , Fax: 1-970-491-1801; Tel: 1-970-491-2852; Dr. John Volckens, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; ; Tel: 1-970-491-6341
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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43
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Campos CDM, da Silva JAF. Applications of autonomous microfluidic systems in environmental monitoring. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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45
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Wongkaew N, Kirschbaum SEK, Surareungchai W, Durst RA, Baeumner AJ. A Novel Three-Electrode System Fabricated on Polymethyl Methacrylate for On-Chip Electrochemical Detection. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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