1
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Odena C, Gómez-Bengoa E, Martin R. Ring Walking Mediated by Ni-Ni Species as a Vehicle for Enabling Distal C(sp 2)-H Functionalization of Aryl Pivalates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:112-117. [PMID: 38153272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the utilization of Ni-Ni species as a manifold for enabling a "ring-walking" event by dynamic translocation of the metal center over the arene backbone. Experimental and computational studies support a translocation occurring via a 1,2-hydride shift. The synthetic applicability of the method is illustrated in a series of C-C bond formations that occur at distal C(sp2)-H sites of simple aryl pivalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Odena
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Yu IF, Wilson JW, Hartwig JF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Silylation and Borylation of C-H Bonds for the Synthesis and Functionalization of Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11619-11663. [PMID: 37751601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds in organic molecules containing functional groups has been one of the holy grails of catalysis. One synthetically important approach to the diverse functionalization of C-H bonds is the catalytic silylation or borylation of C-H bonds, which enables a broad array of downstream transformations to afford diverse structures. Advances in both undirected and directed methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds have led to their rapid adoption in early-, mid-, and late-stage of the synthesis of complex molecules. In this Review, we review the application of the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds to the synthesis of bioactive molecules, organic materials, and ligands. Overall, we aim to provide a picture of the state of art of the silylation and borylation of C-H bonds as applied to the synthesis and modification of diverse architectures that will spur further application and development of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Miwa K, Aoyagi S, Amaya T, Sasamori T, Morisako S, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Multiply exo-Methylated Corannulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301557. [PMID: 37302982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The curved π-conjugated surface of bowl-shaped corannulene has been multiply methylated to form exo-di-, -tetra-, and -hexamethylated corannulenes. The multimethylations became possible through in-situ iterative reduction/methylation sequences that involve the reduction of corannulenes using sodium to form the anionic corannulene species, and the subsequent SN 2 reaction of the anionic species with reduction-resistant dimethyl sulfate. X-ray diffraction analyses, NMR, MS, UV-Vis measurements, and DFT calculations have revealed the molecular structures of the multimethylated corannulenes and the sequence of the multimethylation. This work has the potential to contribute to the controlled synthesis and characterizations of multifunctionalized fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Miwa
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shogo Morisako
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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4
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Ali HA, Ismail MA, Fouda AEAS, Ghaith EA. A fruitful century for the scalable synthesis and reactions of biphenyl derivatives: applications and biological aspects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18262-18305. [PMID: 37333795 PMCID: PMC10274569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides recent developments in the current status and latest synthetic methodologies of biphenyl derivatives. Furthermore, this review investigates detailed discussions of several metalated chemical reactions related to biphenyl scaffolds such as Wurtz-Fittig, Ullmann, Bennett-Turner, Negishi, Kumada, Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Friedel-Crafts, cyanation, amination, and various electrophilic substitution reactions supported by their mechanistic pathways. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed. Furthermore, atropisomerism as a type of axial chirality in biphenyl molecules is discussed. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of biological and medicinal applications of the synthesized compounds involving patented approaches in the last decade corresponding to investigating the crucial role of the biphenyl structures in APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar A Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aziz S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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5
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Yang N, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Crassous J, Qiu H. Helicity-modulated remote C-H functionalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6680. [PMID: 37115920 PMCID: PMC10146887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote C-H functionalization is highly important for the conversion and utilization of arenes, but the conventional routes are comprehensively developed with the assistance of transition metal catalysts or templates. We report a facile metal/template-free electrochemical strategy for remote C-H functionalization in a helical system, where aromatic or aliphatic hydrogen act as a directing group to promote the alkoxylation at the opposite site of the helical skeleton by generating a unique helical "back-biting" environment. Such helicity-modulated C-H functionalization is prevalent for carbo[n]helicenes (n = 6 to 9, primitive or substituted) and hetero[6]helicenes and also occurs when the aryl hydrogen on the first position is replaced by a methyl group or a phenyl group. Thus, the relatively inert helicene skeleton can be precisely furnished with a rich array of alkoxy pendants with tunable functional moieties. Notably, the selective decoration of a methoxy group on N-methylated aza[6]helicene close or distant to the nitrogen atom leads to distinct luminescence variation upon changing the solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
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6
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Synthesis of precisely functionalizable curved nanographenes via graphitization-induced regioselective chlorination in a mechanochemical Scholl Reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:803. [PMID: 36781875 PMCID: PMC9925806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While the synthesis of nanographenes has advanced greatly in the past few years, development of their atomically precise functionalization strategies remains rare. The ability to modify the carbon scaffold translates to controlling, adjusting, and adapting molecular properties. Towards this end, here, we show that mechanochemistry is capable of transforming graphitization precursors directly into chlorinated curved nanographenes through a Scholl reaction. The halogenation occurs in a regioselective, high-yielding, and general manner. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest that graphitization activates specific edge-positions for chlorination. The chlorine atoms allow for precise chemical modification of the nanographenes through a Suzuki or a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The edge modification enables modulation of material properties. Among the molecules prepared, corannulene-coronene hybrids and laterally fully π-extended helicenes, heptabenzo[5]superhelicenes, are particularly noteworthy.
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7
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Ohmura T. Development of Catalytic Reactions that Enable Efficient Conversions of sp<sup>3</sup> Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Boron Bonds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Ohmura
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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8
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Zhang X, Rauch F, Niedens J, da Silva RB, Friedrich A, Nowak-Król A, Garden SJ, Marder TB. Electrophilic C–H Borylation of Aza[5]helicenes Leading to Bowl-Shaped Quasi-[7]Circulenes with Switchable Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22316-22324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Niedens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ramon B. da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Segawa Y, Nagase M, Saito Y, Kato K, Itami K. C-H Borylation of Arenes: Steric-controlled <i>Para</i>-selectivity and Application to Molecular Nanocarbons. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai Nagase
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI
| | - Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University
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10
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Kang D, Yao Y, Su Z, Xu HL. Probing the Structure–Property Relationships of Na +···Cl –@C 50N 5H 5 under the External Electric Field. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17646-17652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Kang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, P. R. China
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11
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Kubo M, Inayama N, Ota E, Yamaguchi J. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Ester Dance/Decarbonylative Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:3855-3860. [PMID: 35604648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Dance reaction" on the aromatic ring is a powerful method in organic chemistry to translocate functional groups on arene scaffolds. Notably, dance reactions of halides and pseudohalides offer a unique platform for the divergent synthesis of substituted (hetero)aromatic compounds when combined with transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Herein, we report a tandem reaction of ester dance and decarbonylative coupling enabled by palladium catalysis. In this reaction, 1,2-translocation of the ester moiety on the aromatic ring is followed by decarbonylative coupling with nucleophiles to enable the installation of a variety of nucleophiles at the position adjacent to the ester in the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Naomi Inayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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12
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Pigulski B, Shoyama K, Sun MJ, Würthner F. Fluorescence Enhancement by Supramolecular Sequestration of a C 54-Nanographene Trisimide by Hexabenzocoronene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5718-5722. [PMID: 35319872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular trilayer nanographene complex consisting of a newly synthesized D3h-symmetric C54-nanographene trisimide (NTI 1) and two hexabenzocoronenes (HBC) has been obtained by self-assembly. This 1:2 complex is structurally well-defined according to UV/vis and single crystal X-ray studies and exhibits high thermodynamic stability even in polar halogenated solvents. Complexation of NTI 1 by two HBC molecules protects the NTI 1 π-surface efficiently from oxygen quenching, thereby leading to a sequestration-induced fluorescence enhancement under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meng-Jia Sun
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Li Y, Wang Z, Li M, Chen F, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Lu F, Liu Y, Ren X, Chen L. Columnar Liquid Crystalline Corannulenes: Synthesis, Assembly and
Charge‐Carrier
Transport Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Zunzhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Feiyi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Fanli Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Xiang‐Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Long Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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14
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15
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Kato K, Takaba K, Maki-Yonekura S, Mitoma N, Nakanishi Y, Nishihara T, Hatakeyama T, Kawada T, Hijikata Y, Pirillo J, Scott LT, Yonekura K, Segawa Y, Itami K. Double-Helix Supramolecular Nanofibers Assembled from Negatively Curved Nanographenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5465-5469. [PMID: 33759524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The layered structures of graphite and related nanographene molecules play key roles in their physical and electronic functions. However, the stacking modes of negatively curved nanographenes remain unclear, owing to the lack of suitable nanographene molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis and one-dimensional supramolecular self-assembly of negatively curved nanographenes without any assembly-assisting substituents. This curved nanographene self-assembles in various organic solvents and acts as an efficient gelator. The formation of nanofibers was confirmed by microscopic measurements, and an unprecedented double-helix assembly by continuous π-π stacking was uncovered by three-dimensional electron crystallography. This work not only reports the discovery of an all-sp2-carbon supramolecular π-organogelator with negative curvature but also demonstrates the power of three-dimensional electron crystallography for the structural determination of submicrometer-sized molecular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takaba
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Saori Maki-Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mitoma
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Taishi Nishihara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Taito Hatakeyama
- Central Research Laboratory Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Central Research Laboratory Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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16
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Kise K, Ooi S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐fold‐symmetric Pentabromo‐ and Pentaiodo‐corannulenes: Useful Precursors of Heteroatom‐substituted Corannulenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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17
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Zhang Y, Tan L, Shi J, Ji L. Iridium-catalysed borylation of pyrene – a powerful route to novel optoelectronic materials. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We summarized the Ir-catalysed borylation of PAHs, especially pyrene, and the optoelectronic materials generated by following this chemistry. The optoelectronic properties of pyrene derivatives have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Leibo Tan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Junqing Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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18
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Báti G, Csókás D, Yong T, Tam SM, Shi RRS, Webster RD, Pápai I, García F, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene‐Based Curved Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Teoh Yong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Si Man Tam
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Raymond R. S. Shi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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19
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Báti G, Csókás D, Yong T, Tam SM, Shi RRS, Webster RD, Pápai I, García F, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene‐Based Curved Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21620-21626. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Teoh Yong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Si Man Tam
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Raymond R. S. Shi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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20
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Gao P, Szostak M. Highly Selective and Divergent Acyl and Aryl Cross-Couplings of Amides via Ir-Catalyzed C–H Borylation/N–C(O) Activation. Org Lett 2020; 22:6010-6015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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21
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Matsushita K, Takise R, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Ester dance reaction on the aromatic ring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7614. [PMID: 32832607 PMCID: PMC7439616 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic rearrangement reactions are useful tools in the organic chemist's toolbox when generating uncommon substitution patterns. However, it is difficult to precisely translocate a functional group in (hetero) arene systems, with the exception of halogen atoms in a halogen dance reaction. Here, we describe an unprecedented "ester dance" reaction: a predictable translocation of an ester group from one carbon atom to another on an aromatic ring. Specifically, a phenyl carboxylate substituent can be shifted from one carbon to an adjacent carbon on a (hetero) aromatic ring under palladium catalysis to often give a thermodynamically favored, regioisomeric product with modest to good conversions. The obtained ester moiety can be further converted to various aromatic derivatives through the use of classic and state-of-the-art transformations including amidation, acylations, and decarbonylative couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Matsushita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takise
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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22
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Lu Q, Kole GK, Friedrich A, Müller-Buschbaum K, Liu Z, Yu X, Marder TB. Comparison Study of the Site-Effect on Regioisomeric Pyridyl–Pyrene Conjugates: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4256-4266. [PMID: 32129624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Goutam Kumar Kole
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Oda S, Ueura K, Kawakami B, Hatakeyama T. Multiple Electrophilic C–H Borylation of Arenes Using Boron Triiodide. Org Lett 2020; 22:700-704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kenta Ueura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Bungo Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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24
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Tian X, Xu J, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Fluorous Corannulenes: Ab initio Predictions and the Synthesis of sym‐Pentafluorocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1460-1464. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Kim K. Baldridge
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
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25
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Tian X, Xu J, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Fluorous Corannulenes: Ab initio Predictions and the Synthesis of sym‐Pentafluorocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Kim K. Baldridge
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- School of Pharm. Sci. and Tech. Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin- 300072 China
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26
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Kato K, Lin HA, Kuwayama M, Nagase M, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. Two-step synthesis of a red-emissive warped nanographene derivative via a ten-fold C-H borylation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9038-9041. [PMID: 31762982 PMCID: PMC6857738 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective ten-fold borylation of warped nanographene (WNG: C80H30) was achieved by modifying the reaction conditions of a previously reported Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation, affording decaborylated WNG in high yield (75%) from pristine WNG. The solid-state structure of decaborylated WNG was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Corresponding decaarylated WNGs containing electron-withdrawing and -donating groups were synthesized from decaborylated WNG using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to afford the red-emissive warped nanographene derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Motonobu Kuwayama
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Mai Nagase
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada , Reno , NV 89557-0216 , USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ;
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
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27
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Abstract
More than 50 years have passed since the first observation of graphitic cones in the pyrolysis of carbon. However, to date there has been no report in the literature on the synthesis of such carbon allotropes. Here we present the first synthesis of a carbon nanocone, which comprises a pentagon encircled by 30 hexagons, by means of a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. In this synthetic approach, 15 C-C bonds were constructed from a cone-shaped aromatic scaffold, corannulene, and five naphthalene dicarboximide moieties through a cascade of [3 + 3] and [4 + 2] annulations. The conical geometry of the first synthetic carbon nanocone was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The optical and electronic properties of this graphitic cone were elucidated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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28
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Cui S, Huang Q, Wang J, Jia H, Huang P, Wang S, Du P. From Planar Macrocycle to Cylindrical Molecule: Synthesis and Properties of a Phenanthrene-Based Coronal Nanohoop as a Segment of [6,6]Carbon Nanotube. Org Lett 2019; 21:5917-5921. [PMID: 31329458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we explore phenanthrene as the building block to synthesize a hoop-shaped [6,6]carbon nanotube segment from a planar macocycle via a Diels-Alder reaction. The phenanthrene-based coronal nanohoop 7 was fully characterized by HR-MS, NMR, and other spectroscopies. In addition, its photophysical properties and the supramolecular interactions between 7 and fullerene C60 were investigated. This present work suggests an easily accessible Diels-Alder reaction strategy to synthesize cylindrical nanohoops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, iChEM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230026 , China
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29
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Zhu ZZ, Chen ZC, Yao YR, Cui CH, Li SH, Zhao XJ, Zhang Q, Tian HR, Xu PY, Xie FF, Xie XM, Tan YZ, Deng SL, Quimby JM, Scott LT, Xie SY, Huang RB, Zheng LS. Rational synthesis of an atomically precise carboncone under mild conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0982. [PMID: 31467971 PMCID: PMC6707775 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carboncones, a special family of all-carbon allotropes, are predicted to have unique properties that distinguish them from fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphenes. Owing to the absence of methods to synthesize atomically well-defined carboncones, however, experimental insight into the nature of pure carboncones has been inaccessible. Herein, we describe a facile synthesis of an atomically well-defined carboncone[1,2] (C70H20) and its soluble penta-mesityl derivative. Identified by x-ray crystallography, the carbon skeleton is a carboncone with the largest possible apex angle. Much of the structural strain is overcome in the final step of converting the bowl-shaped precursor into the rigid carboncone under mild reaction conditions. This work provides a research opportunity for investigations of atomically precise single-layered carboncones having even higher cone walls and/or smaller apex angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhong Zhu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cun-Hao Cui
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.Z.); (S.-Y.X.)
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Piao-Yang Xu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jennifer M. Quimby
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
- Department of Chemistry (0216), University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.Z.); (S.-Y.X.)
| | - Rong-Bin Huang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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30
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Liu J, Mishra S, Pignedoli CA, Passerone D, Urgel JI, Fabrizio A, Lohr TG, Ma J, Komber H, Baumgarten M, Corminboeuf C, Berger R, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Fasel R, Feng X. Open-Shell Nonbenzenoid Nanographenes Containing Two Pairs of Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12011-12020. [PMID: 31299150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonbenzenoid carbocyclic rings are postulated to serve as important structural elements toward tuning the chemical and electronic properties of extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, or namely nanographenes), necessitating a rational and atomically precise synthetic approach toward their fabrication. Here, using a combined bottom-up in-solution and on-surface synthetic approach, we report the synthesis of nonbenzenoid open-shell nanographenes containing two pairs of embedded pentagonal and heptagonal rings. Extensive characterization of the resultant nanographene in solution shows a low optical gap, and an open-shell singlet ground state with a low singlet-triplet gap. Employing ultra-high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we conduct atomic-scale structural and electronic studies on a cyclopenta-fused derivative on a Au(111) surface. The resultant five to seven rings embedded nanographene displays an extremely narrow energy gap of 0.27 eV and exhibits a pronounced open-shell biradical character close to 1 (y0 = 0.92). Our experimental results are supported by mean-field and multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations. Access to large nanographenes with a combination of nonbenzenoid topologies and open-shell character should have wide implications in harnessing new functionalities toward the realization of future organic electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Daniele Passerone
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Avenue F.-A. Forel 2 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Thorsten G Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohestraße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Avenue F.-A. Forel 2 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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31
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32
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Murai M, Nishinaka N, Kimura M, Takai K. Regioselective Functionalization of 9,9-Dimethyl-9-silafluorenes by Borylation, Bromination, and Nitration. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5667-5676. [PMID: 30938531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the utility of 9-silafluorenes as functional materials and as building blocks, methods for efficient functionalization of their backbone are rare, probably because of the presence of easily cleavable C-Si bonds. Although controlling the regioselectivity of iridium-catalyzed direct borylation of C-H bonds is difficult, we found that bromination and nitration of 2-methoxy-9-silafluorene under mild conditions occurred predominantly at the electron-rich position. The resulting product having methoxy and bromo groups can be utilized as a building block for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 9-silafluorene-containing π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Naoki Nishinaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Mizuki Kimura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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33
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Chen Q, Wang D, Baumgarten M, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A. Regioselective Bromination and Functionalization of Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene with Zigzag Edges. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1703-1707. [PMID: 30775845 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV) is a nanographene with a combination of zigzag and armchair edges, consisting of 38 sp2 carbons. Excellent optical properties with strong red emission have been demonstrated. Here we report the regioselective bromination of DBOV bearing two mesityl groups (DBOV-Mes) by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild conditions. The dibrominated DBOV was further subjected to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, that is, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling, demonstrating the edge-decoration of DBOV with different functional groups. Notably, DBOVs arylated at the bay regions showed intense red emission and enhanced fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.97. Amphoteric reduction and oxidation behavior were observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Chemical oxidation to stable radical cation species was also demonstrated, followed by reduction back to their neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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34
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Meng D, Liu G, Xiao C, Shi Y, Zhang L, Jiang L, Baldridge KK, Li Y, Siegel JS, Wang Z. Corannurylene Pentapetalae. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5402-5408. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kim K. Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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35
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Lin HA, Kato K, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. Synthesis and structural features of thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene and quintuple helicene. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2326-2330. [PMID: 30881659 PMCID: PMC6385676 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene (WNG) and quintuple helicene (QH) were synthesized via a three-step π-extension of corannulene.
Thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene (WNG) and quintuple helicene (QH) were synthesized via a three-step π-extension of corannulene. Similar to the synthetic route to WNG, five hexagons and five heptagons were generated by a Scholl reaction of pentakis(thienylphenyl)corannulene to form pentathiaWNG. In contrast, decathiaWNG could not be obtained from pentakis(thienylthienyl)corannulene, and instead decathiaQH was generated from the photocyclization of the precursor. X-ray crystallography of the products revealed their conformations and packing modes in the solid state. The configurational features of decathiaQH were further examined by DFT calculations. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the sulfur-containing WNG and QH were shifted relative to those of the corresponding sulfur-free analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-An Lin
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467-3860 , USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITBM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
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36
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Saha M, Bao YH, Zhou C. A Diindole-fused Corannulene Imide Derivative: Synthesis and Properties. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithu Saha
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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37
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Amide Effects in C−H Activation: Noncovalent Interactions with L-Shaped Ligand for meta
Borylation of Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15762-15766. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Bisht R, Hoque ME, Chattopadhyay B. Amide Effects in C−H Activation: Noncovalent Interactions with L-Shaped Ligand for meta
Borylation of Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR); SGPGIMS Campus; Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Md Emdadul Hoque
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR); SGPGIMS Campus; Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR); SGPGIMS Campus; Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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39
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Georghiou PE, Rahman S, Alodhayb A, Nishimura H, Lee J, Wakamiya A, Scott LT. Calixazulenes: azulene-based calixarene analogues - an overview and recent supramolecular complexation studies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2488-2494. [PMID: 30344772 PMCID: PMC6178307 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the least studied calixarenes are those that consist of azulene rings bridged by -CH2- groups. Since Lash and Colby’s discovery of a simple and convenient method for producing the parent all-hydrocarbon calix[4]azulene, there have been two other all-hydrocarbon calix[4]azulenes which have been synthesized in good yields by their method. This allowed studying their supramolecular properties. This report is of our latest work on the solution-state supramolecular complexation of one of these calix[4]azulenes, namely tetrakis(5,7-diphenyl)calix[4]azulene or “OPC4A”, with several electron-deficient tetraalkyammonium salts. As a result of more recent methods developed by us and others employing Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to produce additional functionalized azulenes, the promise of further greater functionalized calixazulenes lies in store to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris E Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada.,Aramco Laboratory for Applied Sensing Research, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Aramco Laboratory for Applied Sensing Research, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jaehyun Lee
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | | | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 USA
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40
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Lin F, Yu JL, Shen Y, Zhang SQ, Spingler B, Liu J, Hong X, Duttwyler S. Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Five-Fold Cascade Arylation of the 12-Vertex Monocarborane Anion by B–H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13798-13807. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Lu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Nagano T, Nakamura K, Tokimaru Y, Ito S, Miyajima D, Aida T, Nozaki K. Functionalization of Azapentabenzocorannulenes by Fivefold C−H Borylation and Cross‐Coupling Arylation: Application to Columnar Liquid‐Crystalline Materials. Chemistry 2018; 24:14075-14078. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Daigo Miyajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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42
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Wang Z, Yang X, Yang T, Zhao Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Zeng JH, Yan C, Huang F, Jiang JX. Dibenzothiophene Dioxide Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tongjia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jia-Xing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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43
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C
3
/C
1
Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C
3
Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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44
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C 3 /C 1 Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C 3 Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11321-11324. [PMID: 29938890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) is a bowl-shaped molecule that has been widely used as a molecular building block in supramolecular and materials chemistry. Especially C3 -symmetric threefold-substituted TBTQs are interesting for these purposes. Until now a general and selective synthetic approach to those C3 -symmetric products was lacking, mainly because the typically used electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of the parent TBTQ hydrocarbons produce predominantly the C1 isomer over the C3 isomer (3:1 statistical ratio). Herein we introduce a threefold borylation of TBTQ with the C3 isomer as the main product (2.6:1 C3 /C1 ratio). The borylated TBTQ can be converted in good yields into other C3 -symmetric TBTQs, thus allowing straightforward synthetic access to new building blocks for supramolecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Haupt A, Keller LM, Kutter M, Lentz D. Selective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Corannulenes and Investigation of their Structural, Dynamic and Electrochemical Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 24:10756-10765. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Haupt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 34-36 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Keller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 34-36 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Maximilian Kutter
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 34-36 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Fabeckstraße 34-36 D-14195 Berlin Germany
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46
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Mahl M, Shoyama K, Rühe J, Grande V, Würthner F. Tetrachlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Dicarboximides: New Electron-Poor π-Scaffolds and NIR Emitters by Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 24:9409-9416. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Mahl
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jessica Rühe
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vincenzo Grande
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC); Theodori-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC); Theodori-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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47
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Ji L, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Lorbach A, Haehnel M, Edkins K, Braunschweig H, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of Pyrenes Substituted with Donors or Acceptors at the 4- or 4,9-Positions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3599-3606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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48
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Lin HA, Sato Y, Segawa Y, Nishihara T, Sugimoto N, Scott LT, Higashiyama T, Itami K. A Water-Soluble Warped Nanographene: Synthesis and Applications for Photoinduced Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2874-2878. [PMID: 29380493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanographene, a small piece of graphene, has attracted unprecedented interest across diverse scientific disciplines particularly in organic electronics. The biological applications of nanographenes, such as bioimaging, cancer therapies and drug delivery, provide significant opportunities for breakthroughs in the field. However, the intrinsic aggregation behavior and low solubility of nanographenes, which stem from their flat structures, hamper their development for bioapplications. Herein, we report a water-soluble warped nanographene (WNG) that can be easily synthesized by sequential regioselective C-H borylation and cross-coupling reactions of the saddle-shaped WNG core structure. The saddle-shaped structure and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol chains impart high water solubility to the WNG. The water-soluble WNG possesses a range of promising properties including good photostability and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the water-soluble WNG was successfully internalized into HeLa cells and promoted photoinduced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-An Lin
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Taishi Nishihara
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugimoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestunt Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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49
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Lin HA, Sato Y, Segawa Y, Nishihara T, Sugimoto N, Scott LT, Higashiyama T, Itami K. A Water-Soluble Warped Nanographene: Synthesis and Applications for Photoinduced Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-An Lin
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Taishi Nishihara
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugimoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; Chestunt Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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50
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Kato K, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. A Quintuple [6]Helicene with a Corannulene Core as a
C
5
‐Symmetric Propeller‐Shaped π‐System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1337-1341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestunt Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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