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Efficient Ethane and Propane Separation from Natural Gas Using Heterometallic Metal-Organic Frameworks with Interpenetrated Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10468-10474. [PMID: 38359417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient technology for natural gas separation in industrial processes has become imperative. In this regard, the exploration of novel and effective adsorbents has gained significant attention. One promising approach is the metal regulation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), particularly heterometallic MOFs, which offer greater potential for gas separation due to their diverse composition. This study presents the synthesis of a series of iron- and vanadium-based heterometallic MOFs (MIL-126), featuring interpenetrated structures, and investigates their adsorption performance for methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8). Experimental results reveal that the choice of metal combinations within the MOF framework significantly influences the adsorption performance of MIL-126. Notably, heterometallic MIL-126(Fe/Ni) exhibits a stronger binding affinity for C3H8, with an impressive uptake of 177 cm3/g. The C3H8/CH4 ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity of MIL-126(Fe/Ni) surpasses that of MIL-126(Fe) by a factor of 7, reaching a value of 853, second only to the highest reported value. Furthermore, MIL-126(Fe/Ni) exhibits remarkable potential for the recovery of pure CH4 from the equimolar C3H8/CH4 mixture, with the amount of pure CH4 approaching the maximum reported value for MOFs. Insights from isosteric heat at zero loading and Henry's coefficients indicate that the transformation of metal types leads to a change in the interaction energy between C3H8 and the framework. Furthermore, breakthrough experiments validate the effective separation capability of MIL-126(Fe/Ni) for CH4/C2H6/C3H8 mixtures. These findings underscore the remarkable potential of heterometallic MOFs in constructing a wide range of new MOFs with tailorable properties, thereby enhancing their gas separation performance.
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Microporous Fluorinated MOF with Multiple Adsorption Sites for Efficient Recovery of C 2H 6 and C 3H 8 from Natural Gas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6579-6588. [PMID: 38275141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Purifying C2H6/C3H8 from a ternary natural gas mixture through adsorption separation is an important but challenging process in the petrochemical industry. To address this challenge, the industry is exploring effective strategies for designing high-performance adsorbents. In this study, we present two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), DMOF-TF and DMOF-(CF3)2, which have fluorinated pores obtained by substituting linker ligands in the host material. This pore engineering strategy not only provides suitable pore confinement but also enhances the adsorption capacities for C2H6/C3H8 by providing additional binding sites. Theoretical calculations and transient breakthrough experiments show that the introduction of F atoms not only improves the efficiency of natural gas separation but also provides multiple adsorption sites for C2H6/C3H8-framework interactions.
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Water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): rational construction and carbon dioxide capture. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1570-1610. [PMID: 38303941 PMCID: PMC10829030 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be a promising porous material due to their excellent porosity and chemical tailorability. However, due to the relatively weak strength of coordination bonds, the stability (e.g., water stability) of MOFs is usually poor, which severely inhibits their practical applications. To prepare water-stable MOFs, several important strategies such as increasing the bonding strength of building units and introducing hydrophobic units have been proposed, and many MOFs with excellent water stability have been prepared. Carbon dioxide not only causes a range of climate and health problems but also is a by-product of some important chemicals (e.g., natural gas). Due to their excellent adsorption performances, MOFs are considered as a promising adsorbent that can capture carbon dioxide efficiently and energetically, and many water-stable MOFs have been used to capture carbon dioxide in various scenarios, including flue gas decarbonization, direct air capture, and purified crude natural gas. In this review, we first introduce the design and synthesis of water-stable MOFs and then describe their applications in carbon dioxide capture, and finally provide some personal comments on the challenges facing these areas.
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Optimizing Sieving Effect for CO 2 Capture from Humid Air Using an Adaptive Ultramicroporous Framework. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302677. [PMID: 37357172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Excessive CO2 in the air can not only lead to serious climate problems but also cause serious damage to humans in confined spaces. Here, a novel metal-organic framework (FJI-H38) with adaptive ultramicropores and multiple active sites is prepared. It can sieve CO2 from air with the very high adsorption capacity/selectivity but the lowest adsorption enthalpy among the reported physical adsorbents. Such excellent adsorption performances can be retained even at high humidity. Mechanistic studies show that the polar ultramicropore is very suitable for molecular sieving of CO2 from N2 , and the distinguishable adsorption sites for H2 O and CO2 enable them to be co-adsorbed. Notably, the adsorbed-CO2 -driven pore shrinkage can further promote CO2 capture while the adsorbed-H2 O-induced phase transitions in turn inhibit H2 O adsorption. Moreover, FJI-H38 has excellent stability and recyclability and can be synthesized on a large scale, making it a practical trace CO2 adsorbent. This will provide a new strategy for developing practical adsorbents for CO2 capture from the air.
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Accelerating the prediction of CO 2 capture at low partial pressures in metal-organic frameworks using new machine learning descriptors. Commun Chem 2023; 6:214. [PMID: 37789142 PMCID: PMC10547688 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered for various gas storage and separation applications. Theoretically, there are an infinite number of MOFs that can be created; however, a finite amount of resources are available to evaluate each one. Computational methods can be adapted to expedite the process of evaluation. In the context of CO2 capture, this paper investigates the method of screening MOFs using machine learning trained on molecular simulation data. New descriptors are introduced to aid this process. Using all descriptors, it is shown that machine learning can predict the CO2 adsorption, with an R2 of above 0.9. The introduced Effective Point Charge (EPoCh) descriptors, which assign values to frameworks' partial charges based on the expected CO2 uptake of an equivalent point charge in isolation, are shown to be the second most important group of descriptors, behind the Henry coefficient. Furthermore, the EPoCh descriptors are hundreds of thousands of times faster to obtain compared with the Henry coefficient, and they achieve similar results when identifying top candidates for CO2 capture using pseudo-classification predictions.
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Construction of Fluorinated Propane-Trap in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Record Polymer-Grade Propylene Production under High Humidity Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207955. [PMID: 36659826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propane/propene (C3 H8 /C3 H6 ) separation is essential in the petrochemical industry but challenging because of their similar physical and chemical properties. Adsorptive separation with C3 H8 -selective porous materials can energy-efficiently produce high-purity C3 H6 , which is highly promising for replacing conventional cryogenic distillation but suffers from unsatisfactory performance. Herein, through the precise incorporation of fluorinated functional groups into the confined pore space, a new fluorinated metal-organic framework (FDMOF-2) featuring the unique and strong C3 H8 -trap is successfully constructed. FDMOF-2 exhibits an unprecedented C3 H8 capture capacity of 140 cm3 cm-3 and excellent C3 H8 /C3 H6 (1:1, v/v) selectivity up to 2.18 (298 K and 1 bar), thus setting new benchmarks for all reported porous materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the tailored pore confinement in FDMOF-2 provides stronger and multiple attractive interactions with C3 H8 , enabling excellent binding affinities. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C3 H8 can be directly extracted from various C3 H8 /C3 H6 mixtures with FDMOF-2, affording an outstanding C3 H6 production (501 mmol L-1 ) with over 99.99% purity. Benefiting from the robust framework and hydrophobic ligands, the separation performance of FDMOF-2 can be well maintained even under 70% relative humidity conditions.
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Exploring the Potential of a Highly Scalable Metal-Organic Framework CALF-20 for Selective Gas Adsorption at Low Pressure. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030760. [PMID: 36772061 PMCID: PMC9921038 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability of the highly scalable metal-organic framework (MOF) CALF-20 to adsorb polar and non-polar gases at low pressure was investigated using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results from the simulated adsorption isotherms revealed that the highest loading was achieved for SO2 and Cl2, while the lowest loading was found for F2 molecules. The analysis of interaction energies indicated that SO2 molecules were able to form the strongest adsorbent-adsorbate interactions and had a tight molecular packing due to their polarity and angular structure. Additionally, Cl2 gas was found to be highly adsorbed due to its large van der Waals surface and strong chemical affinity in CALF-20 pores. MD simulations showed that SO2 and Cl2 had the lowest mobility inside CALF-20 pores. The values of the Henry coefficient and isosteric heat of adsorption confirmed that CALF-20 could selectively adsorb SO2 and Cl2. Based on the results, it was concluded that CALF-20 is a suitable adsorbent for SO2 and Cl2 but not for F2. This research emphasizes the importance of molecular size, geometry, and polarity in determining the suitability of a porous material as an adsorbent for specific adsorbates.
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Tuning the Pore Environment of MOFs toward Efficient CH 4/N 2 Separation under Humid Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15830-15839. [PMID: 35319192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption separation technology using adsorbents is promising as an alternative to the energy-demanding cryogenic distillation of natural gas (CH4/N2) separation. Although a few adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with high performance for CH4/N2 separation, have been reported, it is still challenging to target the desired adsorbents for the actual CH4/N2 separation under humid conditions because the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the adsorbents might be mainly dampened by water vapor. Except for the high CH4 uptake and CH4/N2 selectivity, the adsorption material should simultaneously have excellent stability against moisture and relatively low-water absorption affinity. Here, we tuned the ligands and metal sites of reticular MOFs, Zn-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Zn-BDC-DABCO) (DMOF), affording a series of isostructural MOFs (DMOF-N, DMOF-A1, DMOF-A2, and DMOF-A3). Because of the finely engineered pore size and introduced aromatic rings in the functional DMOF, gas sorption results reveal that the materials show improved performance with a benchmark CH4 uptake of 37 cm3/g and a high CH4/N2 adsorption selectivity of 7.2 for DMOF-A2 at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Moisture stability experiments show that DMOF-A2 is a robust MOF with low water vapor capacity even at ∼40% relative humidity (RH) because of the presence of more hydrophobic aromatic rings. Breakthrough experiments verify the excellent CH4/N2 separation performances of DMOF-A2 under high humidity.
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Control of Functionalized Pore Environment in Robust Ionic Ultramicroporous Polymers for Efficient Removal of Trace Propyne from Propylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42706-42714. [PMID: 34478261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Separating trace propyne from propylene is of great importance in the petrochemical industry but difficult because of very close molecular sizes and physicochemical properties, which promotes the development of high-performance porous materials with great stability in practical adsorptive separation; however, a limited number of efficient adsorbents have been reported. Here, a class of robust functionalized ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with different branched structures that feature high-density preferential anionic binding sites and outstanding thermal and water stability is systematically studied for the separation of propyne and propylene for the first time. The functionalized pore environment of IUPs achieves the highest selectivity of propyne and propylene (126.5) for the 1/99 (v/v) mixture among porous organic polymers, as well as excellent and recyclable dynamic separation performance. Modeling studies reveal that strong basic sites of IUPs with abundant ultramicroporosity facilitate the efficient removal of propyne from propylene. This study provides important clues for the design of robust functionalized adsorbents and thus expands the currently limited dictionary of adsorbents for the separation of important gas mixtures.
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10
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Nano-encapsulated solvent via pickering emulsion in NaOH aqueous solution for indoor CO2 capture. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Capture and Separation of SO 2 Traces in Metal-Organic Frameworks via Pre-Synthetic Pore Environment Tailoring by Methyl Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17998-18005. [PMID: 34129750 PMCID: PMC8457122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a pre-synthetic pore environment design strategy to achieve stable methyl-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for preferential SO2 binding and thus enhanced low (partial) pressure SO2 adsorption and SO2 /CO2 separation. The enhanced sorption performance is for the first time attributed to an optimal pore size by increasing methyl group densities at the benzenedicarboxylate linker in [Ni2 (BDC-X)2 DABCO] (BDC-X=mono-, di-, and tetramethyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate/terephthalate; DABCO=1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane). Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the key role of methyl groups within the pore surface on the preferential SO2 affinity over the parent MOF. The SO2 separation potential by methyl-functionalized MOFs has been validated by gas sorption isotherms, ideal adsorbed solution theory calculations, simulated and experimental breakthrough curves, and DFT calculations.
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Einlagerung und Abtrennung von SO
2
‐Spuren in Metall‐organischen Gerüstverbindungen durch präsynthetische Anpassung der Porenumgebung mit Methylgruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs): study of activation process and high-pressure adsorption of greenhouse gases. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20137-20150. [PMID: 35479897 PMCID: PMC9033798 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02938j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs) with chemical composition {[Zn2(MTA)]·4H2O·3DMF} n (UPJS-13) and {[Cd2(MTA)]·5H2O·4DMF} n (UPJS-14) built from Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) ions and extended tetrahedral tetraazo-tetracarboxylic acid (H4MTA) as a linker were prepared and characterised. Nitrogen adsorption measurements were performed on as-synthesized (AS), ethanol exchanged (EX) and freeze-dried (FD) materials at different activation temperatures of 60, 80, 100, 120, 150 and 200 °C to obtain the best textural properties. The largest surface areas of 830 m2 g-1 for UPJS-13 (FD) and 1057 m2 g-1 for UPJS-14 (FD) were calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms for freeze-dried materials activated at mild activation temperature (80 °C). Subsequently, the prepared compounds were tested as adsorbents of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, measured at high pressures. The maximal adsorption capacities were 30.01 wt% CO2 and 4.84 wt% CH4 for UPJS-13 (FD) and 24.56 wt% CO2 and 6.38 wt% CH4 for UPJS-14 (FD) at 20 bar and 30 °C.
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Centimeter-Scale Pillared-Layer Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Mediated by Hydroxy Double Salt Intermediates for CO 2 Sensor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2062-2071. [PMID: 33351592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films over macroscopic surface areas is a subject of great interest for gas sensor application platforms such as optics and microelectronics. However, a direct synthesis of MOF films at ambient conditions, in particular pillared-layer MOF films due to their anisotropic structures, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time a facile construction of dense and continuous pillared-layer MOF thin films on a centimeter scale via an aluminum-doped zinc oxide template and hydroxy double salt (HDS) intermediates at room temperature. A series of Cu(II)-based pillared MOFs with different 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdc) ligands were explored for optimizing MOF film formation for CO2 sensor applications. Nonpolar ligands with lower water solubility preferentially formed crystalline pillared MOF structures from HDS intermediates. A Cu2(ndc)2(dabco) (ndc = 1,4-naphthalene-bdc; dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) MOF demonstrated the most dense and uniform film growth with micrometer thickness over one square centimeter area. This synthetic approach for growing Cu2(ndc)2(dabco) MOF thin films was successfully translated toward two sensing platforms: a quartz crystal microbalance and an optical fiber sensor. These Cu2(ndc)2(dabco) MOF-coated sensors displayed sensitivity toward CO2 and response/recovery time on the scale of seconds, even at moderate humidity levels. This work provides a road map for producing continuous and anisotropic crystalline MOF thin films over a centimeter scale area on various substrates, which will greatly facilitate their utilization in MOF-based sensor devices, among other applications.
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Novel Systems and Membrane Technologies for Carbon Capture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global menace caused by carbon emissions from environmental, anthropogenic, and industrial processes, it has become expedient to consider the use of systems, with high trapping potentials for these carbon-based compounds. Several prior studies have considered the use of amines, activated carbon, and other solid adsorbents. Advances in carbon capture research have led to the use of ionic liquids, enzyme-based systems, microbial filters, membranes, and metal-organic frameworks in capturing CO2. Therefore, it is common knowledge that some of these systems have their lapses, which then informs the need to prioritize and optimize their synthetic routes for optimum efficiency. Some authors have also argued about the need to consider the use of hybrid systems, which offer several characteristics that in turn give synergistic effects/properties that are better compared to those of the individual components that make up the composites. For instance, some membranes are hydrophobic in nature, which makes them unsuitable for carbon capture operations; hence, it is necessary to consider modifying properties such as thermal stability, chemical stability, permeability, nature of the raw/starting material, thickness, durability, and surface area which can enhance the performance of these systems. In this review, previous and recent advances in carbon capture systems and sequestration technologies are discussed, while some recommendations and future prospects in innovative technologies are also highlighted.
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A porous anionic Co(II)-based MOF for selective gas sorption and treatment effect in acute glomerulonephritis via reducing inflammatory response. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1708939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Uncommon thioether-modified metal–organic frameworks with unique selective CO 2 sorption and efficient catalytic conversion. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel 3D MOFs were synthesized successfully. In particular, MOF 1 was found to selectively adsorb CO2 from the mixture of CH4/CO2 and perform as an excellent recyclable catalyst to fix CO2 into cyclic carbonate.
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A new 2D cadmium coordination polymer based on hydroxyl‐substituted benzenedicarboxylic acid as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Two Cu(II)-based coordination polymers constructed from the pyridyl-carboxylate ligands: structural diversity and treatment activity on neonatal sepsis by reducing the over inflammatory response. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1726956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Acid-Modulated Synthesis of High Surface Area Amine-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr) Nanoparticles for CO 2 Separations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Zeolitic Metal Cluster Carboxylic Framework for Selective Carbon Dioxide Chemical Fixation through the Superlarge Cage. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3912-3918. [PMID: 32133845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with zeolitic structure process fantastic structural metrics and display excellent applications in many aspects; however, they are difficult to assemble. Herein, on the basis of a tetrahedral Zn4O cluster and a 3,5-bis(2,4-dicarboxylphenyl)nitrobenzene (H4L) ligand, a novel sodalite (SOD) zeolitic cluster framework (ZCF), {[Zn4(O)(L)2]·4DMF·6H2O}n (ZCF-1; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), has been hydrothermally synthesized. Compared with the traditional SOD zeolitic framework of ZIF-8, the cage size of ZCF-1 is dramatically improved from 16.9 to 29.2 Å by the introduction of longer tetradentate carboxylic ligands. Moreover, because of the functional nitryl group in the ligand, ZCF-1 exhibits a high CO2/CH4 selectivity. Hence, further research on the chemical fixation of CO2 is implemented, which reveals excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity and durability. Especially, a unique selective catalytic performance with a high yield of 88.3% on a larger molecular size reactant (glycidyl phenyl ether) is observed, which is attributed to the stereoselection effect of the superlarge cage and abundant Zn4O catalytic clusters in ZCF-1.
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A review on production of metal organic frameworks (MOF) for CO 2 adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135090. [PMID: 31863992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment sustenance and preservation of global climate are known as the crucial issues of the world today. Currently, the crisis of global warming due to CO2 emission has turned into a paramount concern. To address such a concern, diverse CO2 capture and sequestration techniques (CCS) have been introduced so far. In line with this, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as the newest and most promising material for CO2 adsorption and separation. Due to their outstanding properties, this new class of porous materials a have exhibited a conspicuous potential for gas separation technologies especially for CO2 storage and separation. Thus, the present review paper is aimed to discuss the adsorption properties of CO2 on the MOFs based on the adsorption mechanisms and the design of the MOF structures. In addition, the main challenge associated with using this prominent porous material has been mentioned.
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A New Zn(II)-Diisophthalate MOF for Solvent-Free Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes and Anti-colon Cancer Activity Study. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Room-Temperature Synthesis of Metal–Organic Framework Isomers in the Tetragonal and Kagome Crystal Structure. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7690-7697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acidity and Cd2+ fluorescent sensing and selective CO2 adsorption by a water-stable Eu-MOF. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4489-4494. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new luminescent Eu-MOF from an amino-group modified tetracarboxylic acid ligand was designed, which could perform as an efficient pH acidity and Cd2+ PL sensor and CO2 selector.
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New Azo-DMOF-1 MOF as a Photoresponsive Low-Energy CO 2 Adsorbent and Its Exceptional CO 2/N 2 Separation Performance in Mixed Matrix Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34291-34301. [PMID: 30203961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A new generation-2 light-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF) has been successfully synthesized using Zn as the metal source and both 2-phenyldiazenyl terephthalic acid and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as the ligands. It was found that Zn-azo-dabco MOF (Azo-DMOF-1) exhibited a photoresponsive CO2 adsorption both in static and dynamic condition because of the presence of azobenzene functionalities from the ligand. Further application of this MOF was evaluated by incorporating it as a filler in a mixed matrix membrane for CO2/N2 gas separation. Matrimid and polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 (PIM-1) were used as the polymer matrix. It was found that Azo-DMOF-1 could enhance both the CO2 permeability and selectivity of the pristine polymer. In particular, the Azo-DMOF-1-PIM-1 composite membranes have shown a promising performance that surpassed the 2008 Robeson Upper Bound.
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Solid-State NMR Investigations of Carbon Dioxide Gas in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Insights into Molecular Motion and Adsorptive Behavior. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10033-10048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Preparation and evaluation of open-tubular capillary columns modified with metal-organic framework incorporated polymeric porous layer for liquid chromatography. Talanta 2018; 184:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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On flexible force fields for metal-organic frameworks: Recent developments and future prospects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018; 8:e1363. [PMID: 30008812 PMCID: PMC6032946 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Classical force field simulations can be used to study structural, diffusion, and adsorption properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To account for the dynamic behavior of the material, parameterization schemes have been developed to derive force constants and the associated reference values by fitting on ab initio energies, vibrational frequencies, and elastic constants. Here, we review recent developments in flexible force field models for MOFs. Existing flexible force field models are generally able to reproduce the majority of experimentally observed structural and dynamic properties of MOFs. The lack of efficient sampling schemes for capturing stimuli-driven phase transitions, however, currently limits the full predictive potential of existing flexible force fields from being realized. This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics.
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Enhancement of CO 2 Uptake and Selectivity in a Metal-Organic Framework by the Incorporation of Thiophene Functionality. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5074-5082. [PMID: 29683657 PMCID: PMC5951605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The complex [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] (H2tdc = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic
acid; dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclooctane) shows a remarkable increase
in carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and CO2/dinitrogen
(N2) selectivity compared to the nonthiophene analogue
[Zn2(bdc)2dabco] (H2bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic
acid; terephthalic acid). CO2 adsorption at 1 bar for [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] is 67.4 cm3·g–1 (13.2 wt %) at 298 K and 153 cm3·g–1 (30.0 wt %) at 273 K. For [Zn2(bdc)2dabco], the equivalent values are 46 cm3·g–1 (9.0 wt %) and 122 cm3·g–1 (23.9 wt %), respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption for
CO2 in [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] at zero coverage
is low (23.65 kJ·mol–1), ensuring facile regeneration
of the porous material. Enhancement by the thiophene group on the
separation of CO2/N2 gas mixtures has been confirmed
by both ideal adsorbate solution theory calculations and dynamic breakthrough
experiments. The preferred binding sites of adsorbed CO2 in [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] have been unambiguously
determined by in situ single-crystal diffraction studies on CO2-loaded [Zn2(tdc)2dabco], coupled with
quantum-chemical calculations. These studies unveil the role of the
thiophene moieties in the specific CO2 binding via an induced
dipole interaction between CO2 and the sulfur center, confirming
that an enhanced CO2 capacity in [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] is achieved without the presence of open metal sites.
The experimental data and theoretical insight suggest a viable strategy
for improvement of the adsorption properties of already known materials
through the incorporation of sulfur-based heterocycles within their
porous structures. Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption is enhanced via dipolar interactions of CO2 with the sulfur center of thiophene. In situ X-ray diffraction experiments,
theoretical studies, and breakthrough separation data support the
superior CO2 adsorption properties of [Zn2(tdc)2dabco] compared with the analogue [Zn2(bdc)2dabco] (H2tdc = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;
H2bdc = terephthalic acid; dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclooctane).
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Influence of Functional Groups and Modification Sites of Metal-Organic Frameworks on CO 2/CH 4 Separation: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1705108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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32
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Five transition metal coordination polymers driven by a semirigid trifunctional nicotinic acid ligand: selective adsorption and magnetic properties. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Five coordination polymers have been synthesized by a new organic linker containing three distinct types of functional groups together with the mixed 2,2′-bipy or 4,4′-bipy co-ligand, revealing various framework structures and selective gas adsorption and magnetic properties.
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A new strategy for constructing a disulfide-functionalized ZIF-8 analogue using structure-directing ligand–ligand covalent interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12109-12112. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inter-ligand –S–S– covalent interaction plays a key role in the synthesis of a ZIF-8 analogue CPM-8S.
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High-Throughput Computational Screening of Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks (MTV-MOFs) for CO 2 Capture. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6135-6141. [PMID: 29206043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) contain multiple linker types within a single structure. Arrangements of linkers containing different functional groups confer structural diversity and surface heterogeneity and result in a combinatorial explosion in the number of possible structures. In this work, we carried out high-throughput computational screening of a large number of computer-generated MTV-MOFs to assess their CO2 capture properties using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate that functionalization enhances CO2 capture performance of MTV-MOFs when compared to their parent (unfunctionalized) counterparts, and the pore size plays a dominant role in determining the CO2 adsorption capabilities of MTV-MOFs irrespective of the combinations of the three functional groups (-F, -NH2, and -OCH3) that we investigated. We also found that the functionalization of parent MOFs with small pores led to larger enhancements in CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity than functionalization in larger-pore MOFs. Free energy contour maps are presented to visually compare the influence of linker functionalization between frameworks with large and small pores.
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Increased Electric Conductivity upon I2
Uptake and Gas Sorption in a Pillar-Layered Metal-Organic Framework. Chempluschem 2017; 82:716-720. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
This Review focuses on research oriented toward elucidation of the various aspects that determine adsorption of CO2 in metal-organic frameworks and its separation from gas mixtures found in industrial processes. It includes theoretical, experimental, and combined approaches able to characterize the materials, investigate the adsorption/desorption/reaction properties of the adsorbates inside such environments, screen and design new materials, and analyze additional factors such as material regenerability, stability, effects of impurities, and cost among several factors that influence the effectiveness of the separations. CO2 adsorption, separations, and membranes are reviewed followed by an analysis of the effects of stability, impurities, and process operation conditions on practical applications.
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37
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Water-stable Eu-MOF fluorescent sensors for trivalent metal ions and nitrobenzene. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12201-12208. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized two functionalized Eu-MOFs and found that the MOFs are promising luminescent probes for selectively sensing metal ions (Fe3+and Cr3+) and nitrobenzene.
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39
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2D carboxylate-bridged LnIII coordination polymers: displaying slow magnetic relaxation and luminescence properties in the detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72− and nitrobenzene. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13878-13887. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylate-bridged Ln-CPs were obtained. 1-Dy shows slow magnetic relaxation. 1-Eu (or 1-Tb) exhibits multifunctional luminescence properties i.e., detecting Fe3+, Cr2O72− and nitrobenzene.
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40
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Moisture-Stable Zn(II) Metal-Organic Framework as a Multifunctional Platform for Highly Efficient CO2 Capture and Nitro Pollutant Vapor Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18043-18050. [PMID: 27340895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A moisture-stable three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF), {(Me2NH2)[Zn2(bpydb)2(ATZ)](DMA)(NMF)2}n (1, where bpydb = 4,4'-(4,4'-bipyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzoate, ATZ = deprotonated 5-aminotetrazole, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide, and NMF = N-methylformamide), with uncoordinated N-donor sites and charged framework skeleton was fabricated. This MOF exhibits interesting structural dynamic upon CO2 sorption at 195 K and high CO2/N2 (127) and CO2/CH4 (131) sorption selectivity at 298 K and 1 bar. Particularly, its CO2/CH4 selectivity is among the highest MOFs for selective CO2 separation. The results of Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation indicate that the polar framework contributes to the strong framework-CO2 binding at zero loading, and the tetrazole pillar contributes to the high CO2 uptake capacity at high loading. Furthermore, the solvent-responsive luminescent properties of 1 indicate that it could be utilized as a fluorescent sensor to detect trace amounts of nitrobenzene in both solvent and vapor systems.
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41
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Adsorption Properties of MFM-400 and MFM-401 with CO2 and Hydrocarbons: Selectivity Derived from Directed Supramolecular Interactions. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7219-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Uncommon Pyrazoyl-Carboxyl Bifunctional Ligand-Based Microporous Lanthanide Systems: Sorption and Luminescent Sensing Properties. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3952-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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43
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In situ rapid preparation of homochiral metal-organic framework coated column for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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A chiral metal–organic framework with polar channels: unique interweaving six-fold helices and high CO2/CH4 separation. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00282j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A chiral Cu(ii) metal–organic framework, possesses interesting polar channels based on interweaving heterochiral [4 + 2] helices, exhibiting multiple CO2 binding sites and highly selective capture for CO2 over CH4.
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45
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Modulating adsorption and stability properties in pillared metal-organic frameworks: a model system for understanding ligand effects. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2850-7. [PMID: 26529060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials with highly tunable properties that make them ideal for a wide array of adsorption applications. Through careful choice of metal and ligand precursors, one can target the specific functionality and pore characteristics desired for the application of interest. However, among the wide array of MOFs reported in the literature, there are varying trends in the effects that ligand identity has on the adsorption, chemical stability, and intrinsic framework dynamics of the material. This is largely due to ligand effects being strongly coupled with structural properties arising from the differing topologies among frameworks. Given the important role such properties play in dictating adsorbent performance, understanding these effects will be critical for the design of next generation functional materials. Pillared MOFs are ideal platforms for understanding how ligand properties can affect the adsorption, stability, and framework dynamics in MOFs. In this Account, we highlight our recent work demonstrating how experiment and simulation can be used to understand the important role ligand identity plays in governing the properties of isostructural MOFs containing interconnected layers pillared by bridging ligands. Changing the identity of the linear, ditopic ligand in either the 2-D layer or the pillaring third dimension allows targeted modulation of the chemical functionality, porosity, and interpenetration of the framework. We will discuss how these characteristics can have important consequences on the adsorption, chemical stability, and dynamic properties of pillared MOFs. The structures discussed in this Account comprise the greatest diversity of isostructural MOFs whose stability properties have been studied, allowing valuable insight into how ligand properties dictate the chemical stability of isostructural frameworks. We also discuss how functional groups can affect adsorbate energetics at their most favorable adsorption sites to elucidate how functional groups can affect the adsorptive performance of these materials in ways that are unexpected based on the isolated ligand's properties. We then highlight a variety of simulation tools that not only can be used to understand the differing molecular-level behavior of the adsorbate and framework dynamics within these isostructural MOFs, but also can shed light on possible mechanisms that govern the differing chemical stability properties among these materials. Lastly, we provide perspective on the challenges and opportunities for utilizing the structure-property relationships arising from the ligand effects described in this Account for the design of further MOFs with enhanced chemical stability and adsorption properties.
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Two Comparable Isostructural Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks: Better Luminescent Sensor and Higher Adsorption Selectivity for the Fluorine-Decorated Framework. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A Cationic MOF with High Uptake and Selectivity for CO
2
due to Multiple CO
2
‐Philic Sites. Chemistry 2015; 21:16525-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Exploiting Large-Pore Metal-Organic Frameworks for Separations through Entropic Molecular Mechanisms. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2046-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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50
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A three-dimensional pillared-layer metal-organic framework: Synthesis, structure and gas adsorption studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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