1
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Wheatley M, Zuccarello M, Tsitopoulou M, Macgregor SA, Baudoin O. Effect of α-Substitution on the Reactivity of C(sp 3)-H Bonds in Pd 0-Catalyzed C-H Arylation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12563-12570. [PMID: 37822862 PMCID: PMC10563019 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
We report mechanistic studies on the reactivity of different α-substituted C(sp3)-H bonds, -CHnR (R = H, Me, CO2Me, CONMe2, OMe, and Ph, as well as the cyclopropyl and isopropyl derivatives -CH(CH2)2 and -CHMe2) in the context of Pd0-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation. Primary kinetic isotope effects, kH/kD, were determined experimentally for R = H (3.2) and Me (3.5), and these, along with the determination of reaction orders and computational studies, indicate rate-limiting C-H activation for all substituents except when R = CO2Me. This last result was confirmed experimentally (kH/kD ∼ 1). A reactivity scale for C(sp3)-H activation was then determined: CH2CO2Me > CH(CH2)2 ≥ CH2CONMe2 > CH3 ≫ CH2Ph > CH2Me > CH2OMe ≫ CHMe2. C-H activation involves AMLA/CMD transition states featuring intramolecular O → H-C H-bonding assisted by C-H → Pd agostic bonding. The "AMLA coefficient", χ, is introduced to quantify the energies associated with these interactions via natural bond orbital 2nd order perturbation theory analysis. Higher barriers correlate with lower χ values, which in turn signal a greater agostic interaction in the transition state. We believe that this reactivity scale and the underlying factors that determine this will be of use for future studies in transition-metal-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation proceeding via the AMLA/CMD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wheatley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Tsitopoulou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Ajitha M, Haines BE, Musaev DG. Mechanism and Selectivity of Copper-Catalyzed Bromination of Distal C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Organometallics 2023; 42:2467-2476. [PMID: 37772274 PMCID: PMC10526628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds are the most challenging substrate class for transition metal-catalyzed C-H halogenation. Recently, the Yu group [Liu, T.; Myers, M. C.; Yu, J. Q. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2017, 56 (1), 306-309] has demonstrated that a CuII/phenanthroline catalyst and BrN3, generated in situ from NBS and TMSN3 precursors, can achieve selective C-H bromination distal to a directing group. The current understanding of the mechanism of this reaction has left numerous questions unanswered. Here, we investigated the mechanism of Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bromination with distal site selectivity using density functional theory calculations. We found that this reaction starts with the Br-atom transfer from BrN3 to the Cu center that occurs via a small energy barrier at the singlet-triplet state seam of crossing. In the course of this reaction, the presence of the N-H bond in the substrate is critically important and acts as a directing group for enhancing the stability of the catalyst-substrate interaction and for the recruitment of the substrate to the catalyst. The required C-centered radical substrate formation occurs via direct C-H dehydrogenation by the Cu-coordinated N3 radical, rather than via the previously proposed N-H bond dehydrogenation and then the 1,5-H transfer from the γ-(C-H) bond to the N-radical center pathway. The C-H bond activation by the azide radical is a regioselectivity-controlling step. The following bromination of the C-centered radical by the Cu-coordinated bromine completes the product formation. This reaction step is the rate-limiting step, occurs at the singlet-to-triplet state seam of the crossing point, and is exergonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjaly
J. Ajitha
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific
Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific
Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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Xu LP, Li N, Musaev DG. Mechanistic Details of the Pd-catalyzed and MPAA Ligand-Enabled β-C(sp 3 )-H Acetoxylation of Free Carboxylic Acid. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201145. [PMID: 36494322 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond oxidation of free carboxylic acid stands as an economic, selective, and efficient strategy to generate lactones, hydroxylated products, and acetoxylated products and attracts much of the chemists' attention. Herein, we performed a density functional theory study on the mechanism and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed and MPAA ligand-enabled C-H bond acetoxylation reaction. It was found that the ligand, base, and substrate are important in determining the reaction mechanism and the selectivity. The acetic anhydride additive is critical in leading the reaction to be acetoxylation, instead of the lactonization, through a facile σ-bond metathesis mechanism that leads to the Pd-OAc in-termediate. Our study sheds light on the further development of transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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4
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Computational Study of Key Mechanistic Details for a Proposed Copper (I)-Mediated Deconstructive Fluorination of N-Protected Cyclic Amines. Top Catal 2022; 65:418-432. [PMID: 35197715 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using calculations, we show that a proposed Cu(I)-mediated deconstructive fluorination of N-benzoylated cyclic amines with Selectfluor® is feasible and may proceed through: (a) substrate coordination to a Cu(I) salt, (b) iminium ion formation followed by conversion to a hemiaminal, and (c) fluorination involving C-C cleavage of the hemiaminal. The iminium ion formation is calculated to proceed via a F-atom coupled electron transfer (FCET) mechanism to form, formally, a product arising from oxidative addition coupled with electron transfer (OA + ET). The subsequent β-C-C cleavage/fluorination of the hemiaminal intermediate may proceed via either ring-opening or deformylative fluorination pathways. The latter pathway is initiated by opening of the hemiaminal to give an aldehyde, followed by formyl H-atom abstraction by a TEDA2+ radical dication, decarbonylation, and fluorination of the C3-radical center by another equivalent of Selectfluor®. In general, the mechanism for the proposed Cu(I)- mediated deconstructive C-H fluorination of N-benzoylated cyclic amines (LH) by Selectfluor® was calculated to proceed analogously to our previously reported Ag(I)-mediated reaction. In comparison to the Ag(I)-mediated process, in the Cu(I)-mediated reaction the iminium ion formation and hemiaminal fluorination have lower associated energy barriers, whereas the product release and catalyst re-generation steps have higher barriers.
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5
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Xu LP, Qian S, Zhuang Z, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Unconventional mechanism and selectivity of the Pd-catalyzed C-H bond lactonization in aromatic carboxylic acid. Nat Commun 2022; 13:315. [PMID: 35031612 PMCID: PMC8760335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for more effective and highly selective C-H bond oxidation of accessible hydrocarbons and biomolecules is a greatly attractive research mission. The elucidating of mechanism and controlling factors will, undoubtedly, help to broaden scope of these synthetic protocols, and enable discovery of more efficient, environmentally benign, and highly practical new C-H oxidation reactions. Here, we reveal the stepwise intramolecular SN2 nucleophilic substitution mechanism with the rate-limiting C-O bond formation step for the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H lactonization in aromatic 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. We show that for this reaction, the direct C-O reductive elimination from both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) (oxidized by O2 oxidant) intermediates is unfavorable. Critical factors controlling the outcome of this reaction are the presence of the η3-(π-benzylic)-Pd and K+-O(carboxylic) interactions. The controlling factors of the benzylic vs ortho site-selectivity of this reaction are the: (a) difference in the strains of the generated lactone rings; (b) difference in the strengths of the η3-(π-benzylic)-Pd and η2-(π-phenyl)-Pd interactions, and (c) more pronounced electrostatic interaction between the nucleophilic oxygen and K+ cation in the ortho-C-H activation transition state. The presented data indicate the utmost importance of base, substrate, and ligand in the selective C(sp3)-H bond lactonization in the presence of C(sp2)-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Shaoqun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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6
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Talukdar K, Shah TA, Sarkar T, Roy S, Maharana PK, Punniyamurthy T. Pd-catalyzed bidentate auxiliary assisted remote C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13221-13233. [PMID: 34816830 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalisation affords effective synthetic tools to construct C-C and C-X bonds. Despite the challenges, the distal functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds has witnessed significant developments and the use of bidentate auxiliaries has garnished this area by providing an opportunity to control reactivity as well as selectivity beyond proximal sites. This article covers the recent developments on the Pd-catalyzed bidentate auxiliary-assisted distal C(sp3)-H functionalization and is categorized based on the nature of functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Tariq A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Subhasish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Kamarkuchi, Sonapur-782402, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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7
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Ghosh S, Shilpa S, Athira C, Sunoj RB. Role of Additives in Transition Metal Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation Reactions: A Computational Perspective. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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8
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Xu LP, Haines BE, Ajitha MJ, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Unified Mechanistic Concept of the Copper-Catalyzed and Amide-Oxazoline-Directed C(sp 2)–H Bond Functionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Brandon E. Haines
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Manjaly J. Ajitha
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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9
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Liu W, Liu Z, Liu X, Dang Y. Mechanism of Pd-catalysed C(sp 3)-H arylation of thioethers with Ag(I) additives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6766-6770. [PMID: 34286794 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies reveal that Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation of thioethers with silver(i) additives takes place via C(sp3)-H activation, oxidative addition and reductive elimination, wherein all steps proceed via the heterodimeric Pd-Ag pathway. Besides, the active heterodimeric Pd-Ag species are detected by mass spectrometry via control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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10
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Melot R, Zuccarello M, Cavalli D, Niggli N, Devereux M, Bürgi T, Baudoin O. Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Arylation of Enantiotopic Secondary C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Melot
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nadja Niggli
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Michael Devereux
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- University of Geneva Department of Physical Chemistry 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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11
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Melot R, Zuccarello M, Cavalli D, Niggli N, Devereux M, Bürgi T, Baudoin O. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Arylation of Enantiotopic Secondary C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7245-7250. [PMID: 33325596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective functionalization of nonactivated enantiotopic secondary C-H bonds is one of the greatest challenges in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation proceeding by an inner-sphere mechanism. Such reactions have remained elusive within the realm of Pd0 catalysis. Reported here is the unique reactivity profile of the IBiox ligand family in the Pd0 -catalyzed intramolecular arylation of such nonactivated secondary C-H bonds. Chiral C2 -symmetric IBiox ligands led to high enantioselectivities for a broad range of valuable indane products containing a tertiary stereocenter, as well as the arylation of secondary C-H bonds adjacent to amides. Depending on the amide substituents and upon control of reaction time, indanes containing labile tertiary stereocenters were also obtained with high enantioselectivities. Analysis of the steric maps of the IBiox ligands indicated that the level of enantioselectivity correlates with the difference between the two most occupied and the two less occupied space quadrants, and provided a blueprint for the design of even more efficient ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Melot
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Niggli
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Devereux
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- University of Geneva, Department of Physical Chemistry, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Trouvé J, Gramage-Doria R. Beyond hydrogen bonding: recent trends of outer sphere interactions in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3565-3584. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of interactions beyond hydrogen bonding in the 2nd coordination sphere of transition metal catalysts is rare. However, it has already shown great promise in last 5 years, providing new tools to control the activity and selectivity as here reviewed.
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13
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Palladium-carbene catalyzed direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Jin X, Xu H, Zhao N, Li R, Dang Y. Origins of Unconventional γ Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Activation and Arylation of Aliphatic Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:1464-1468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Kaloğlu M, Gürbüz N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Well‐defined PEPPSI‐themed palladium–NHC complexes: synthesis, and catalytic application in the direct arylation of heteroarenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaloğlu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - İlkay Yıldırım
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of RadiotherapyBiruni University 34010 İstanbul Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Faculty of Education Department of Mathematics and Science EducationOndokuz Mayıs University 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
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16
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Tong HR, Zheng W, Lv X, He G, Liu P, Chen G. Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Lactam via Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Amidation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Rong Tong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenrui Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Feng W, Wang T, Liu D, Wang X, Dang Y. Mechanism of the Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Arylation of Aliphatic Amines: Unraveling the Crucial Role of Silver(I) Additives. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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18
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Ting CP, Tschanen E, Jang E, Maimone TJ. Total synthesis of podophyllotoxin and select analog designs via C–H activation. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Ying F, Zhang Y, Xiang C, Song Z, Xie H, Bao W. Key Mechanistic Features in Palladium-Catalyzed Methylcyclopropanation of Norbornenes With Vinyl Bromides: Insights From DFT Calculations. Front Chem 2019; 7:169. [PMID: 30972329 PMCID: PMC6445852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to elucidate mechanistic details of an unusual palladium-catalyzed methylcyclopropanation from [2 + 1] cycloadditions of (Z)-2-bromovinylbenzene and endo-N-(p-tolyl)-norbornenesuccinimide. The reaction proceeds via oxidative addition (OA), intermolecular alkene insertion, deprotonation/protonation, intramolecular alkene insertion, β-H elimination and reductive elimination (RE). Protonation is the rate-limiting step and requires an overall barrier of 28.5 kcal/mol. The sources of two protons for protonation and exchange have also been clarified and the calculations agree with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ying
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuyue Xiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Bellezza D, Noverges B, Fasano F, Sarmiento JT, Medio-Simón M, Asensio G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-C Ring Closure in α-Chloromethylimines: Synthesis of 1H
-Indoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bellezza
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Bárbara Noverges
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Francesco Fasano
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Jeymy T. Sarmiento
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Mercedes Medio-Simón
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Gregorio Asensio
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
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21
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Tong HR, Zheng S, Li X, Deng Z, Wang H, He G, Peng Q, Chen G. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Bidentate Auxiliary Directed Enantioselective Benzylic C–H Arylation of 3-Arylpropanamides Using the BINOL Phosphoramidite Ligand. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Rong Tong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sujuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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22
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Tang Y, Qin Y, Meng D, Li C, Wei J, Yang M. Diverse secondary C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization via site-selective trifluoroacetoxylation of aliphatic amines. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6374-6378. [PMID: 30310565 PMCID: PMC6115674 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a coinage-metal-catalyzed site-selective oxidation of secondary C(sp3)-H bonds for aliphatic amine substrates. Broad amine scope, good functional compatibility and late-stage diversification are demonstrated with this method. The steric demand of the β-substituents controlled diastereoselectivities under this catalytic system. The site selectivity favors secondary C(sp3)-H bonds over tertiary ones underscoring the unique synthetic potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
| | - Yuman Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
| | - Dongmei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
| | - Junfa Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 620 West Chang'an Ave , Xi'an , 710119 , China . ;
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23
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Kaloğlu M, Özdemir İ. Palladium(II)- N -heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed direct C2- or C5-arylation of thiazoles with aryl bromides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Le Bras J, Muzart J. C-O Bonds from Pd-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Reactions Mediated by Heteroatomic Groups. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims - Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims - Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
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25
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Haines BE, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. The mechanism of directed Ni(ii)-catalyzed C-H iodination with molecular iodine. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1144-1154. [PMID: 29675159 PMCID: PMC5883947 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This computational study reveals electrophilic cleavage pathways for substrates with N,N-bidentate directing centers in Ni(ii)-catalyzed C–H iodination with molecular iodine.
The density functional theory method is used to elucidate the elementary steps of Ni(ii)-catalyzed C(sp2)–H iodination with I2 and substrates bearing N,N′-bidentate directing centers, amide-oxazoline (AO) and 8-aminoquinoline (AQ). The relative stability of the lowest energy high- and low-spin electronic states of the catalyst and intermediates is found to be an important factor for all of the steps in the reaction. As a result, two-state reactivity for these systems is reported, where the reaction is initiated on the triplet surface and generates a high energy singlet nickelacycle. It is shown that the addition of Na2CO3 base to the reaction mixture facilitates C–H activation. The presence of I2 in the reaction provides the much needed driving force for the C–H activation and nickelacycle formation and ultimately reacts to form a new C–I bond through either a redox neutral electrophilic cleavage (EC) pathway or a one-electron reductive cleavage (REC) pathway. The previously proposed Ni(ii)/Ni(iv) and homolytic cleavage pathways are found to be higher in energy. The nature of the substrate is found to have a large impact on the relative stability of the lowest electronic states and on the stability of the nickelacycle resulting from C–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Haines
- Cherry L. Emerson Centre for Scientific Computation , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , USA
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Centre for Scientific Computation , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
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26
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Davies HML, Morton D. Collective Approach to Advancing C-H Functionalization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:936-943. [PMID: 28979934 PMCID: PMC5620983 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization is a very active research field that has attracted the interest of scientists from many disciplines. This Outlook describes the collaborative efforts within the NSF CCI Center for Selective C-H Functionalization (CCHF) to develop catalyst-controlled selective methods to enhance the synthetic potential of C-H functionalization.
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27
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Schwarzer MC, Konno R, Hojo T, Ohtsuki A, Nakamura K, Yasutome A, Takahashi H, Shimasaki T, Tobisu M, Chatani N, Mori S. Combined Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Methoxyarenes with Arylboronic Esters via C–O Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10347-10358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Schwarzer
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Konno
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hojo
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akimichi Ohtsuki
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yasutome
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimasaki
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Mori
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Dewyer AL, Zimmerman PM. Simulated Mechanism for Palladium-Catalyzed, Directed γ-Arylation of Piperidine. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Dewyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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29
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Xu ZY, Yu HZ, Fu Y. Mechanism of Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Amides. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1765-1772. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Yao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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30
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Dey A, Pimparkar S, Deb A, Guin S, Maiti D. Chelation-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed γ-Arylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Dey
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400 076 India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400 076 India
| | - Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400 076 India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400 076 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai - 400 076 India
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31
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Ji C, Xu Q, Shi M. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Controllable C−H Bond Functionalization of Benzamides and Vinylidenecyclopropanes: A Directing Group Determined Reaction Pathway. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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32
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Wu J, Wang D, Chen X, Gui Q, Li H, Tan Z, Huang G, Wang G. Synthesis of 4-benzylpyridines via Pd-catalyzed CH3-arylation of 4-picoline. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7509-7512. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of 4-benzylpyridines was developed via Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)–H arylation between 4-picoline and aryl halides. It was found that the best yields were achieved with a simple Pd(PPh3)4 catalyst and Cs2CO3 as the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Dadian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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33
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Liang Y, Jiang YY, Liu Y, Bi S. Mechanism of Pd-catalyzed acylation/alkenylation of aryl iodide: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6147-6156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide, benzoic anhydride and ethyl acrylate was clarified by theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
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34
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Guo J, Deng X, Song C, Lu Y, Qu S, Dang Y, Wang ZX. Differences between the elimination of early and late transition metals: DFT mechanistic insights into the titanium-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alkynes and diazenes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2413-2425. [PMID: 28451348 PMCID: PMC5369339 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early transition metals (TMs), such as titanium, generally resist undergoing reductive elimination to form C-X bonds due to their weak electronegativity. By analyzing the mechanism of the titanium-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alkynes and diazenes, the present study revealed that titanium is able to promote C-N bond formation via an unconventional elimination pathway, passing through a comparatively stable masked TiII complex (i.e., IM4) rather than pyrrole directly. The formation of IM4 originates from the bilateral donation and back-donation between Ti and the pyrrole ligand. Formally, it could be considered that the two electrons resulting from the unconventional reductive elimination are temporarily buffered by back-donation to a symmetry-allowed unoccupied π-orbital of the pyrrole ring in IM4 rather than becoming a lone pair on a Ti center as adopted in the catalysis of late TMs. Because of its stability, IM4 requires additional oxidation by diazene to liberate pyrrole. The triplet counterpart (IM4T ) of IM4 is more stable than IM4, but the elimination is unlikely to reach IM4T , because the process is spin-forbidden and the spin-orbit coupling is weak. Alternatively, one may consider the forming pyrrole in IM4 as a redox-active ligand, reserving the two electrons resulting from the formal reductive elimination and then releasing the electrons when IM4 is oxidized by diazene. These insights allow us to propose the conditions for early TMs to undergo a similar elimination, whereby the forming product will have symmetry-allowed frontier molecular orbitals to form donation and back-donation bonding with a TM center and a substrate possessing a comparatively strong oxidizing ability to oxidize an IM4-like intermediate for product release. These insights may provide another way of constructing C-X bonds through a similar reductive elimination pathway, using early TM catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Xi Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Chunyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China . .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China . .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China
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35
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Athira C, Sunoj RB. Role of Lewis acid additives in a palladium catalyzed directed C-H functionalization reaction of benzohydroxamic acid to isoxazolone. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 15:246-255. [PMID: 27901171 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic salts as well as protic additives are widely employed in transition metal catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions to improve the efficiency of catalytic protocols. In one such example, ZnCl2 and pivalic acid are used as additives in a palladium catalyzed synthesis of isoxazolone from a readily available benzohydroxamic acid under one pot conditions. In this article, we present some important mechanistic insights into the role of ZnCl2 and pivalic acid, gained by using density functional theory (M06) computations. Two interesting modes of action of ZnCl2 are identified in various catalytic steps involved in the formation of isoxazolone. The conventional Lewis acid coordination wherein zinc chloride (ZnCl2·(DMA)) binds to the carbonyl group is found to be more favored in the C-H activation step. However, the participation of a hetero-bimetallic Pd-Zn species is preferred in reductive elimination leading to Caryl-N bond formation. Pivalic acid helps in relay proton transfer in C-H bond activation through a cyclometallation deprotonation (CMD) process. The explicit inclusion of ZnCl2 and solvent N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA) stabilizes the transition state and also helps reduce the activation barrier for the C-H bond activation step. The electronic communication between the two metal species is playing a crucial role in stabilizing the Caryl-N bond formation transition state through a Pd-Zn hetero-bimetallic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Athira
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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36
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Zhou Y, Bao X. DFT Study of Pd(0)-Promoted Intermolecular C-H Amination with O-Benzoyl Hydroxylamines. Org Lett 2016; 18:4506-9. [PMID: 27573977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies were carried out to explore the mechanism of Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H amination with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines in which both Pd(0) and Pd(II) catalysts are effective. For the Pd(0)-catalyzed reaction, the generally assumed Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle might not be feasible. Instead, Pd(0), being essentially a catalyst precursor, could be oxidized to Pd(II), and the C-H amination proceeds through the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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37
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New progress in theoretical studies on palladium-catalyzed C−C bond-forming reaction mechanisms. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Daniels MH, Armand JR, Tan KL. Sequential Regioselective C–H Functionalization of Thiophenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:3310-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Daniels
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Armand
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kian L. Tan
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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39
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Kim B, Chinn AJ, Fandrick DR, Senanayake CH, Singer RA, Miller SJ. Distal Stereocontrol Using Guanidinylated Peptides as Multifunctional Ligands: Desymmetrization of Diarylmethanes via Ullman Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7939-45. [PMID: 27254785 PMCID: PMC5127171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a new class of guanidine-containing peptides as multifunctional ligands for transition-metal catalysis and its application in the remote desymmetrization of diarylmethanes via copper-catalyzed Ullman cross-coupling. Through design of these peptides, high levels of enantioinduction and good isolated yields were achieved in the long-range asymmetric cross-coupling (up to 93:7 er and 76% yield) between aryl bromides and malonates. Our mechanistic studies suggest that distal stereocontrol is achieved through a Cs-bridged interaction between the Lewis-basic C-terminal carboxylate of the peptides with the distal arene of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Daniel R. Fandrick
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Robert A. Singer
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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40
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Choi H, Min M, Peng Q, Kang D, Paton RS, Hong S. Unraveling innate substrate control in site-selective palladium-catalyzed C-H heterocycle functionalization. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3900-3909. [PMID: 30155034 PMCID: PMC6013790 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regioselectivity of C-H activation in the absence of directing groups is an important step towards the design of site-selective C-H functionalizations. The Pd(ii)-catalyzed direct arylation of chromones and enaminones provides an intriguing example where a simple substitution leads to a divergence in substrate-controlled site-selectivity. We describe computational and experimental studies which reveal this results from a switch in mechanism and therefore the selectivity-determining step. We present computational results and experimentally measured kinetic isotope effects and labelling studies consistent with this proposal. The C-H activation of these substrates proceeds via a CMD mechanism, which favors more electron rich positions and therefore displays a pronounced kinetic selectivity for the C3-position. However, C2-selective carbopalladation is also a competitive pathway for chromones so that the overall regiochemical outcome depends on which substrate undergoes activation first. Our studies provide insight into the site-selectivity based on the favorability of two competing CMD and carbopalladation processes of the substrates undergoing coupling. This model can be utilized to predict the regioselectivity of coumarins which are proficient substrates for carbopalladation. Furthermore, our model is able to account for the opposite selectivities observed for enaminone and chromone, and explains how a less reactive coupling partner leads to a switch in selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanho Choi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK . ;
| | - Minsik Min
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea .
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea
| | - Qian Peng
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK . ;
| | - Dahye Kang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea .
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea
| | - Robert S Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK . ;
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea .
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 Korea
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41
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Haines BE, Berry JF, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Factors Controlling Stability and Reactivity of Dimeric Pd(II) Complexes in C–H Functionalization Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E. Haines
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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42
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Ruch AA, Handa S, Kong F, Nesterov VN, Pahls DR, Cundari TR, Slaughter LM. Competing amination and C–H arylation pathways in Pd/xantphos-catalyzed transformations of binaphthyl triflates: switchable routes to chiral amines and helicene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8123-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(OAc)2/xantphos catalyst system can be tuned to promote either amination or C–H arylation of hindered binaphthyl 2-triflates, with xantphos's hemilability playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Ruch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry
- Oklahoma State University Stillwater
- Oklahoma
- USA
| | - Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | | | - Dale R. Pahls
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
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43
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Anand M, Sunoj RB, Schaefer HF. Palladium–Silver Cooperativity in an Aryl Amination Reaction through C–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Anand
- Center
for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center
for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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44
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Xie S, Zhang Y, Ramström O, Yan M. Base-catalyzed synthesis of aryl amides from aryl azides and aldehydes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:713-718. [PMID: 29896355 PMCID: PMC5952891 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl amides are efficiently synthesized from the rearrangement of triazolines, which formed in the base-catalyzed azide–aldehyde cycloaddtion.
Aryl amides have been used as important compounds in pharmaceuticals, materials and in molecular catalysis. The methods reported to prepare aryl amides generally require very specific reagents, and the most popular carboxyl–amine coupling reactions demand stoichiometric activators. Herein, we report that aryl azides react with aldehydes under base-catalyzed conditions to yield aryl amides efficiently. Mechanistic investigations support the formation of triazoline intermediates via azide–enolate cycloaddition, which subsequently undergo rearrangement to give amides by either thermal decomposition (20–140 °C) or aqueous acid work-up at room temperature. The strategy does not require nucleophilic anilines and is especially efficient for highly electron-deficient aryl amides, including perfluoroaryl amides, which are otherwise challenging to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry , KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , Stockholm , Sweden . ;
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , Stockholm , Sweden . ;
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry , KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , Stockholm , Sweden . ;
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry , KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , Stockholm , Sweden . ; .,Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA 01854 , USA
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45
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Xie LG, Bagutski V, Audisio D, Wolf LM, Schmidts V, Hofmann K, Wirtz C, Thiel W, Thiele CM, Maulide N. Dynamic behaviour of monohaptoallylpalladium species: internal coordination as a driving force in allylic alkylation chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5734-5739. [PMID: 29910865 PMCID: PMC5975841 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01867f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary catalytic procedures involving alkylpalladium(ii) have enriched the arsenal of synthetic organic chemistry. Those transformations usually rely on internal coordination through "directing groups", carefully designed to maximize catalytic efficiency and regioselectivity. Herein, we report structural and reactivity studies of a series of internally coordinated monohaptoallylpalladium complexes. These species enable the direct spectroscopic observation and theoretical study of π-σ-π interconversion processes. They further display unusual dynamic behavior which should be of direct relevance to chemistries beyond catalytic allylic alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Gui Xie
- University of Vienna , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Viktor Bagutski
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - Davide Audisio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Larry M Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - Kathrin Hofmann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Eduard-Zintl-Institute , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Cornelia Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
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46
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Akhrem IS. Recent achievements in intermolecular sp3 C–H bond functionalization of organic compounds by superelectrophilic trihalomethyl metal complex. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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48
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Miao J, Yang K, Kurek M, Ge H. Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Fluorination of Unactivated C(sp(3))-H Bonds. Org Lett 2015. [PMID: 26205696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed direct C-H bond fluorination is an attractive synthetic tool toward the preparation of organofluorines. While many methods exist for the direct sp(3) C-H functionalization, site-selective fluorination of unactivated sp(3) carbons remains a challenge. Direct, highly site-selective and diastereoselective fluorination of aliphatic amides via a palladium-catalyzed bidentate ligand-directed C-H bond functionalization process on unactivated sp(3) carbons is reported. With this approach, a wide variety of β-fluorinated amino acid derivatives and aliphatic amides, important motifs in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, were prepared with palladium acetate as the catalyst and Selectfluor as the fluorine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Miao
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | | | - Martin Kurek
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Haibo Ge
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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49
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Haines BE, Xu H, Verma P, Wang XC, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Mechanistic Details of Pd(II)-Catalyzed C-H Iodination with Molecular I2: Oxidative Addition vs Electrophilic Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9022-31. [PMID: 26135326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond halogenation is an important alternative to the highly utilized directed-lithiation methods and increases the accessibility of the synthetically valuable aryl halide compounds. However, this approach often requires impractical reagents, such as IOAc, or strong co-oxidants. Therefore, the development of methodology utilizing inexpensive oxidants and catalyst containing earth-abundant transition metals under mild experimental conditions would represent a significant advance in the field. Success in this endeavor requires a full understanding of the mechanisms and reactivity governing principles of this process. Here, we report intimate mechanistic details of the Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H iodination with molecular I2 as the sole oxidant. Namely, we elucidate the impact of the: (a) Pd-directing group (DG) interaction, (b) nature of oxidant, and (c) nature of the functionalized C-H bond [C(sp(2))-H vs C(sp(3))-H] on the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox and Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral mechanisms of this reaction. We find that both monomeric and dimeric Pd(II) species may act as an active catalyst during the reaction, which preferentially proceeds via the Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral electrophilic cleavage (EC) pathway for all studied substrates with a functionalized C(sp(2))-H bond. In general, a strong Pd-DG interaction increases the EC iodination barrier and reduces the I-I oxidative addition (OA) barrier. However, the increase in Pd-DG interaction alone is not enough to make the mechanistic switch from EC to OA: This occurs only upon changing to substrates with a functionalized C(sp(3))-H bond. We also investigated the impact of the nature of the electrophile on the C(sp(2))-H bond halogenation. We predicted molecular bromine (Br2) to be more effective electrophile for the C(sp(2))-H halogenation than I2. Subsequent experiments on the stoichiometric C(sp(2))-H bromination by Pd(OAc)2 and Br2 confirmed this prediction.The findings of this study advance our ability to design more efficient reactions with inexpensive oxidants under mild experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Haines
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huiying Xu
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pritha Verma
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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50
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Muto K, Yamaguchi J, Musaev DG, Itami K. Decarbonylative organoboron cross-coupling of esters by nickel catalysis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7508. [PMID: 26118733 PMCID: PMC4491840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling is a metal-catalysed reaction in which boron-based nucleophiles and halide-based electrophiles are reacted to form a single molecule. This is one of the most reliable tools in synthetic chemistry, and is extensively used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic materials. Herein, we report a significant advance in the choice of electrophilic coupling partner in this reaction. With a user-friendly and inexpensive nickel catalyst, a range of phenyl esters of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids react with boronic acids in a decarbonylative manner. Overall, phenyl ester moieties function as leaving groups. Theoretical calculations uncovered key mechanistic features of this unusual decarbonylative coupling. Since extraordinary numbers of ester-containing molecules are available both commercially and synthetically, this new ‘ester' cross-coupling should find significant use in synthetic chemistry as an alternative to the standard halide-based Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is a mainstay of organic synthesis, allowing carbon-carbon bond formation between a variety of coupling partners. Here, the authors report a decarbonylative process, whereby alkyl or aryl esters can be coupled with organoboron compounds using nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Muto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Emory College's Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, US
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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