1
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Chen J, Pantawane AR, Huang P, Liu J, Sankar A, Lin Y, Liu Y, Wu H, Luo S. One‐Pot Protection Strategy of Glucosamine to Assemble Building Blocks of Chitosan and Lipid A. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyun‐Siao Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | | | - Po‐Hsun Huang
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jen‐Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Sankar
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Jyun Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hao Liu
- National Chutung Senior High School 310 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Ru Wu
- Instrumentation Center, MOST National Tsing Hua University 300 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Shun‐Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
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2
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Guduru SKR, Arya P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of rapamycin-derived, next generation small molecules. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:27-43. [PMID: 30108899 PMCID: PMC6072512 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, rapamycin has attracted serious attention due to its remarkable biological properties and as a potent inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein through its binding with FKBP-12. Several efficient strategies that utilize synthetic and biosynthetic approaches have been utilized to develop small molecule rapamycin analogs or for synthesizing hybrid compounds containing a partial rapamycin structure to improve pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we report selected case studies related to the synthesis of rapamycin-derived compounds and hybrid molecules to explore their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Krishna Reddy Guduru
- Center for Drug Discovery , Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza , Houston , Texas 77030 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 713 798 8794
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza , Houston , Texas 77030 , USA
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS) , University of Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad 500046 , India
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3
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Dutta MM, Rajbongshi KK, Phukan P. CoFe2O4–SiO2–SO3H nanocomposite as a magnetically recoverable catalyst for oxidative bromination of alkynes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1376333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Maan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wan Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Bi J, Ma N, Liu T, Liu Q. Oxidation of β-Ketoamides: The Synthesis of Vicinal Tricarbonyl Amides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3901-3907. [PMID: 28230362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A facile and direct oxidative reaction for the synthesis of vicinal tricarbonyl amides in moderate to excellent yields (53-88%) was developed starting from readily available β-ketoamides in the presence of phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate). The resulting products possess significant synthetic potential, making this approach a valuable addition to the group of traditional methods already available for the preparation of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henna Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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5
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Novel Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice Using the ER Stress Reducer 4-Phenylbutyric Acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41939. [PMID: 28165054 PMCID: PMC5292729 DOI: 10.1038/srep41939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a notorious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and causes disabling systemic inflammation and fibrosis. In this novel study, we focused on a relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cGVHD, and aimed to create effective treatment of cGVHD. A series of experiments were conducted using a mouse model of cGVHD. Our data suggested (1) that ER stress was elevated in organs affected by cGVHD and (2) that 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) could reduce cGVHD-induced ER stress and thereby alleviate systemic inflammation and fibrosis. Because fibroblasts are thought to be implicated in cGVHD-elicited fibrosis and because macrophages are reported to play a role in the development of cGVHD, we investigated cGVHD-triggered ER stress in fibroblasts and macrophages. Our investigation demonstrated (1) that indicators for ER stress and activation markers for fibroblasts were elevated in cGVHD-affected lacrimal gland fibroblasts and (2) that they could be reduced by PBA. Our work also indicated that splenic macrophages from PBA-dosed mice exhibited the lower levels of ER stress and M2 macrophage markers than those from cGVHD-affected mice. Collectively, this study suggests that the reduction of ER stress utilizing PBA can be a clinically translatable method to treat systemic cGVHD.
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Mohamed SK, Akkurt M, Hawaiz FE, Ayoob MM, Hosten E. Crystal structure of (6 E,20 E)-3,24-di-fluoro-13,14,28,29-tetra-hydro-5 H,22 H-tetra-benzo[ e, j, p, u][1,4,12,15]tetra-oxa-cyclo-docosine-5,22-dione. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:13-16. [PMID: 28083124 PMCID: PMC5209760 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016018934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the title compound, C34H26F2O6, is cone-shaped, partially determined by intra-molecular C-H⋯O short contacts. The benzene rings at the top of the cone are inclined to one another by 73.10 (7)°, while the benzene rings at the bottom of the cone are inclined to one another by 35.49 (8)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. There are also C-H⋯π contacts present within the framework structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban K. Mohamed
- Chemistry and Environmental Division, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, England, and, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mehmet Akkurt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Farouq E. Hawaiz
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Hawler, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mzgin M Ayoob
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Hawler, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Eric Hosten
- Chemistry Department, Summerstrand Campus (South), PO Box 77000, Nelson Mandela, Metropolitan University, South Africa
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7
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Gurubrahamam R, Chen YM, Huang WY, Chan YT, Chang HK, Tsai MK, Chen K. Dihydrooxazine N-Oxide Intermediates as Resting States in Organocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Functionalized Nitroallylic Amines with Aldehydes. Org Lett 2016; 18:3046-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramani Gurubrahamam
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yan ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wan-Yun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yu-Te Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiang-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Kang Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kwunmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
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8
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Yamamoto Y, Itoh T, Yamamoto K. Chemical Synthesis of a Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid, Hexacosanoic Acid (C26:0), and the Ceramide Containing Hexacosanoic Acid. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:222-7. [PMID: 26226958 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) (1), a very long-chain fatty acid, is related to various diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and atherosclerosis. As the level of 1 higher than the normal is related to diseases above, hexacosanoic acid (1) and the ceramide 2, which contains 1, are thought to play an important role in various tissues. Hexacosanoic acid (1) is known to be a waxy solid and to be hard to dissolve in water as well as organic solvents. Due to this physical property, it is not easy to handle hexacosanoic acid (1) in a laboratory. Therefore, efficient chemical synthesis of the compounds 1 and 2 has not been reported. Here, we report a versatile synthetic method for hexacosanoic acid (1) and the ceramide 2 containing the fatty acid 1. Synthesis of hexacosanoic acid (1) was achieved by applying the coupling of two alkyl units as a key step. Ceramide 2 was efficiently synthesized by applying the reported procedure together with hexacosanoic acid (1) synthesized here. This synthetic strategy has an advantage of getting various carbon chain length fatty acids and their ceramides by using a variety of carbon chain units. This method is also applicable for large-scale synthesis. In addition, these compounds 1 and 2 are useful for investigation of details of these compounds related to diseases such as ALD and AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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9
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Minbiole KPC. Organic synthesis in the Smith Group: a personal selection of a dozen lessons learned at the University of Pennsylvania. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:192-202. [PMID: 26932408 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The passionate study of the complex and ever-evolving discipline of organic synthesis over more than a four-decade span is certain to elucidate meaningful and significant lessons. Over this period, Amos B. Smith III, the Rhodes-Thompson Professor of Chemistry and Member of the Monell Chemical Senses Center at the University of Pennsylvania, has mentored well over 100 doctoral and masters students, more than 200 postdoctoral associates and numerous undergraduates, in addition to collaborating with a wide spectrum of internationally recognized scholars. His research interests, broadly stated, comprise complex molecule synthesis, the development of new, versatile and highly effective synthetic methods, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, peptide mimicry chemistry and material science. Each area demands a high level of synthetic design and execution. United by a passion to unlock the secrets of organic synthesis, and perhaps of Nature itself, innumerable lessons have been, and continue to be, learned by the members of the Smith Group. This lead article in a Special Issue of the Journal of Antibiotics affords an opportunity to share some of those lessons learned, albeit a small selection of personal favorites.
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Chavan SP, Khairnar LB, Pawar KP, Chavan PN, Kawale SA. Enantioselective syntheses of (R)-pipecolic acid, (2R,3R)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid, β-(+)-conhydrine and (−)-swainsonine using an aziridine derived common chiral synthon. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Concise total syntheses of (R)-pipecolic acid, (2R,3R)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid and formal syntheses of β-(+)-conhydrine, (−)-lentiginosine, (−)-swainsonine and -1,2-di-epi-swainsonine have been accomplished starting from a common chiral synthon.
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11
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Chavan SP, Khairnar LB, Chavan PN, Kalbhor DB. A short enantioselective total synthesis of (R)- and (S)-pipecolic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Sernissi L, Petrović M, Scarpi D, Guarna A, Trabocchi A, Bianchini F, Occhiato EG. Cyclopropane Pipecolic Acids as Templates for Linear and Cyclic Peptidomimetics: Application in the Synthesis of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-Containing Peptide as an αvβ3Integrin Ligand. Chemistry 2014; 20:11187-203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Begliomini S, Sernissi L, Scarpi D, Occhiato EG. A Short, Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Both Enantiomers oftrans-3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Smith AB, Hartz RA, Spoors PG, Rainier JD. Tremorgenic Indole Alkaloids. 10. An Improved Asymmetric Synthesis of a Tricyclic Common Intermediate. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Kamptmann SB, Brückner R. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Cn-Cn+7Building Block (“Eastern Moiety”) for the Unnatural Enantiomers of Important Polyol,Polyene Antibiotics Based on a Ring-Closing Metathesis and an Aldol Addition of a Lactone Enolate. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mahapatra S, Carter RG. Exploiting hidden symmetry in natural products: total syntheses of amphidinolides C and F. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10792-803. [PMID: 23845005 PMCID: PMC3786714 DOI: 10.1021/ja404796n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of amphidinolide C and a second-generation synthesis of amphidinolide F have been accomplished through the use of a common intermediate to access both the C1-C8 and the C18-C25 sections. The development of a Ag-catalyzed cyclization of a propargyl benzoate diol is described to access both trans-tetrahydrofuran rings. The evolution of a Felkin-controlled, 2-lithio-1,3-dienyl addition strategy to incorporate C9-C11 diene as well as C8 stereocenter is detailed. Key controlling aspects in the sulfone alkylation/oxidative desulfurization to join the major subunits, including the exploration of the optimum masking group for the C18 carbonyl motif, are discussed. A Trost asymmetric alkynylation and a stereoselective cuprate addition to an alkynoate have been developed for the rapid construction of the C26-C34 subunit. A Tamura/Vedejs olefination to introduce the C26 side arm of amphidnolides C and F is employed. The late-stage incorporation of the C15, C18 diketone motif proved critical to the successful competition of the total syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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17
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Mailyan AK, Krylov IM, Bruneau C, Dixneuf PH, Osipov SN. Access to Cyclic α-CF3-Substituted α-Amino Acid Derivatives by Ring-Closing Metathesis of Functionalized 1,7-Enynes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Clark JS, Yang G, Osnowski AP. Synthesis of the C-1–C-17 Fragment of Amphidinolides C, C2, C3, and F. Org Lett 2013; 15:1460-3. [PMID: 23527702 DOI: 10.1021/ol4004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Guang Yang
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Osnowski
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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19
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Scarpi D, Bartali L, Casini A, Occhiato EG. Complementary and Stereodivergent Approaches to the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy- and 4,5-Dihydroxypipecolic Acids from Enantiopure Hydroxylated Lactams. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Daly M, Cant AA, Fowler LS, Simpson GL, Senn HM, Sutherland A. Switching the Stereochemical Outcome of 6-Endo-Trig Cyclizations; Synthesis of 2,6-Cis-6-Substituted 4-Oxopipecolic Acids. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10001-9. [PMID: 23126509 DOI: 10.1021/jo3022583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daly
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair A. Cant
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay S. Fowler
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham L. Simpson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage
SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Martin Senn
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Riches AG, Cablewski T, Glattauer V, Thissen H, Meagher L. Scalable synthesis of an integrin-binding peptide mimetic for biomedical applications. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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24
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Mahapatra S, Carter RG. Enantioselective total synthesis of amphidinolide F. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7948-51. [PMID: 22767517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subham Mahapatra
- Chemistry Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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25
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Forced degradation studies of rapamycin: Identification of autoxidation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 59:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Fowler LS, Thomas LH, Ellis D, Sutherland A. A one-pot, reductive amination/6-endo-trig cyclisation for the stereoselective synthesis of 6-substituted-4-oxopipecolic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6569-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Hung KY, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Synthesis of Methyl N-Boc-(2S,4R)-4-methylpipecolate. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8728-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102038q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-yuan Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ley S, Tackett M, Maddess M, Anderson J, Brennan P, Cappi M, Heer J, Helgen C, Kori M, Kouklovsky C, Marsden S, Norman J, Osborn D, Palomero M, Pavey J, Pinel C, Robinson L, Schnaubelt J, Scott J, Spilling C, Watanabe H, Wesson K, Willis M. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin. Chemistry 2009; 15:2874-914. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Dalby SM. From nature to the laboratory and into the clinic. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2290-303. [PMID: 19028103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products possess a broad diversity of structure and function, and they provide inspiration for chemistry, biology, and medicine. In this review article, we highlight and place in context our laboratory's total syntheses of, and related studies on, complex secondary metabolites that were clinically important drugs, or have since been developed into useful medicines, namely amphotericin B (1), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (2), rapamycin (3), Taxol (4), the epothilones [e.g., epothilones A (5) and B (6)], and vancomycin (7). We also briefly highlight our research with other selected inspirational natural products possessing interesting biological activities [i.e., dynemicin A (8), uncialamycin (9), eleutherobin (10), sarcodictyin A (11), azaspiracid-1 (12), thiostrepton (13), abyssomicin C (14), platensimycin (15), platencin (16), and palmerolide A (17)].
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC408, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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30
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Maddess ML, Tackett MN, Ley SV. Total synthesis studies on macrocyclic pipecolic acid natural products: FK506, the antascomicins and rapamycin. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2008; 66:13, 15-186. [PMID: 18416305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8595-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter derives its inspiration from the challenges presented to total synthesis chemists, by a particular group of macrocyclic pipecolic acid natural products. Although there is considerable emphasis on the completed syntheses of the main characters (FK506 (1), the antascomycins (4 and 5) and rapamycin (7)), the overall complexity of the molecular problem has stimulated a wealth of new knowledge, including the development of novel strategies and the invention of new synthetic methods. The ingenious and innovative approaches to these targets have enabled new generations of analogues, and provided material to further probe the biology of these fascinating molecules. With pharmaceutical application as an immunosuppressant, as well as potential use for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, this family of natural products continues to inspire new and interesting science while providing solutions to healthcare problems of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Maddess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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31
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Alegret C, Santacana F, Riera A. Enantioselective Synthesis of trans-4-Methylpipecolic Acid. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7688-92. [PMID: 17803317 DOI: 10.1021/jo071220z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis for the preparation of both enantiomers of trans-methylpipecolic acids is described. It is based on Sharpless epoxidation as a chirality source, regioselective ring opening with allylamine, and ring-closing metathesis to construct the piperidine ring. The stereogenic center at C-4 is set by stereoselective hydrogenation that is directed by the alcohol functionality of an intermediate and proceeds with good diastereomeric control (trans/cis 16/1). Crystallization of the Boc-protected amino acid afforded the target products with excellent chemical (98% de) and enantiomeric purity (99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alegret
- Unitat de Recerca en Síntesi Asimètrica (URSA-PCB), Institute for Biomedical Research and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona c/Josep Samitier, 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Coleman RS, Lu X, Modolo I. Total Synthesis of 2‘-O-Methylmyxalamide D and (6E)-2‘-O-Methylmyxalamide D. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3826-7. [PMID: 17358066 DOI: 10.1021/ja070265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA.
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33
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Maddess M, Tackett M, Watanabe H, Brennan P, Spilling C, Scott J, Osborn D, Ley S. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Maddess ML, Tackett MN, Watanabe H, Brennan PE, Spilling CD, Scott JS, Osborn DP, Ley SV. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:591-7. [PMID: 17154218 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Maddess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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35
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Coleman RS, Lu X. Total synthesis of strobilurin B using a hetero-bis-metallated pentadiene linchpin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:423-5. [PMID: 16493822 DOI: 10.1039/b514233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, six-step stereocontrolled total synthesis of the antifungal agent strobilurin B is reported and was based on a convergent bi-directional coupling featuring a hetero-bis-1,4-metallated pentadiene system as the linchpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave., Columbus, 43210, USA.
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36
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Kadouri-Puchot C, Comesse S. Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis of pipecolic acid and derivatives. Amino Acids 2005; 29:101-30. [PMID: 15880267 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature relating to asymmetric syntheses of pipecolic acid derivatives from 1997 to present. This review is organized according to the position and the degree of substitution of the piperidinic cycle. In a first section, syntheses of pipecolic acid itself are described. Then, successively, syntheses of C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6 substituted pipecolic acid derivatives are reported. Finally, syntheses of unsaturated pipecolic acid derivatives are presented before the last part devoted to the polysubstituted pipecolic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kadouri-Puchot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, CNRS/UMR 7611, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 47, Paris, France.
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Fuwa H, Okamura Y, Natsugari H. Synthetic studies on antascomicin A: construction of the C18–C34 fragment. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Smith AB, Adams CM, Barbosa SAL, Degnan AP. A unified approach to the tedanolides: total synthesis of (+)-13-deoxytedanolide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:12042-7. [PMID: 15163795 PMCID: PMC514431 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A unified approach for the construction of the potent marine antitumor agents (+)-tedanolide (1) and (+)-13-deoxytedanolide (2) is described. Highlights of the synthetic strategy include the development of a versatile bifunctional dithiane-vinyl iodide linchpin, the unorthodox use of the Evans-Tishchenko reaction, and a late-stage high-risk stereocontrolled introduction of the C(18,19) epoxide to achieve a total synthesis of (+)-13-deoxytedanolide (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Smith AB, Lee D, Adams CM, Kozlowski MC. SmI(2)-promoted oxidation of aldehydes in the presence of electron-rich heteroatoms. Org Lett 2002; 4:4539-41. [PMID: 12465932 DOI: 10.1021/ol027095p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The Evans-Tishchenko reaction provides an efficient and practical solution for the oxidation of aldehydes possessing sensitive electron-rich heteroatoms to the corresponding esters. Careful selection of the sacrificial beta-hydroxy ketone provides considerable subsequent flexibility to access the desired carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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42
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Hanessian S, Ma J, Wang W, Gai Y. Total synthesis of bafilomycin A(1) relying on iterative 1,2-induction in acyclic precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10200-6. [PMID: 11603969 DOI: 10.1021/ja011452u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The macrolide bafilomycin A(1) was synthesized starting from D-valine and D-mannitol as chiral progenitors of propionate units. Acyclic subunits corresponding to different parts of the molecule were constructed based on an iterative 1,2-asymmetric induction protocol as a distinctive feature of the synthesis. The assembly of two segments encompassing the entire carbon framework of the macrolide was achieved by using a Stille coupling. The resulting seco-ester was further manipulated to provide crystalline bafilomycin A(1) via a conventional carbodiimide-mediated Keck-type macrolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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43
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Itami K, Kamei T, Yoshida J. Unusually accelerated silylmethyl transfer from tin in stille coupling: implication of coordination-driven transmetalation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8773-9. [PMID: 11535082 DOI: 10.1021/ja0160593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-PyMe2SiCH2SnBu3 with aryl iodide (Ar-I) exclusively produced the 2-PyMe2SiCH2 transferred product 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar. The relative transfer ability of organic group from tin was found to be 2-PyMe2SiCH2 >> Ph > Me > Bu >> PhMe2SiCH2, which implies the beneficial pyridyl-to-palladium coordination effect. Thus, the transfer of the silylmethyl group from tin to palladium was remarkably accelerated by simply appending the 2-pyridyl group on silicon. The pyridyl-to-palladium coordination was validated in the palladium(II) complex 2-PyMe2SiCH2PdClPPh3 by 1H NMR and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The cross-coupling product was used for further transformations. The C-Si oxidation of the cross-coupling product 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar afforded ArCH2OH in high yield. The fluoride ion-catalyzed 1,2-addition of 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar to carbonyl compound (RR'C=O) gave ArCH2C(OH)RR' in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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46
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Andersen NG, Keay BA. 2-furyl phosphines as ligands for transition-metal-mediated organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2001; 101:997-1030. [PMID: 11709863 DOI: 10.1021/cr000024o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N G Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
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47
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Evans D, Cee V, Smith T, Fitch D, Cho P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Phorboxazole B—Part I: Synthesis of the C
20
–C
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and C
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–C
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Subunits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000717)112:14<2633::aid-ange2633>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Evans
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Fax: (+1) 617‐495‐1460
| | - Victor J. Cee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Fax: (+1) 617‐495‐1460
| | - Thomas E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Fax: (+1) 617‐495‐1460
| | - Duke M. Fitch
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Fax: (+1) 617‐495‐1460
| | - Patricia S. Cho
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Fax: (+1) 617‐495‐1460
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48
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Domínguez B, Iglesias B, de Lera AR. A comprehensive survey of stille-type Csp2-Csp2 single bond forming processes in the synthesis of retinoic acid and analogs. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fürstner A. Carbonminus signCarbon Bond Formations Involving Organochromium(III) Reagents. Chem Rev 1999; 99:991-1046. [PMID: 11848998 DOI: 10.1021/cr9703360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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50
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