1
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Deckers C, Rehm TH. In situ Diazonium Salt Formation and Photochemical Aryl-Aryl Coupling in Continuous Flow Monitored by Inline NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303692. [PMID: 38462439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of diazonium salts is introduced for the photochemical aryl-aryl coupling to produce (substituted) biphenyls. As common diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts fail, soluble and safe aryl diazonium trifluoroacetates are applied. In this mild synthesis route no catalysts are required to generate an aryl-radical by irradiation with UV-A light (365 nm). This reactive species undergoes direct C-H arylation at an arene, forming the product in reasonable reaction times. With the implementation of a continuous flow setup in a capillary photoreactor 13 different biphenyl derivatives are successfully synthesized. By integrating an inline 19F-NMR benchtop spectrometer, samples are reliably quantified as the fluorine-substituents act as a probe. Here, real-time NMR spectroscopy is a perfect tool to monitor the continuously operated system, which produces fine chemicals of industrial relevance even in a multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Deckers
- Division Chemistry, Sustainable Chemical Syntheses Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas H Rehm
- Division Chemistry, Sustainable Chemical Syntheses Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Hasani MG, Berisha A, Hetemi. D, Decorse P, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Surface Modification of Lignite with Alkyl and Mixed Alkyl-Aryl Films Generated from an Aryl Diazonium Salt and Alkyl Halides: Experimental Results and Theoretical Analyses. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300134. [PMID: 38051924 PMCID: PMC11004459 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of new possible uses of cheap lignite from the Kosova Bassin, the surface of lignite powders is modified with alkyl or mixed alkyl-aryl layers. Modification is performed in aqueous acid solution containing an aryl diazonium salt and an alkyl halide compound in millimolar concentration, in the presence of potassium iodide as a reducing agent at equimolar concentration. Attachment of alkyl films substituted with carboxylic groups and aryl films with nitro or bis-trifluoromethyl groups is characterized by IRATR and XPS spectroscopy. The formation of a stable interface during the grafting reactions of alkyl and aryl moieties with lignite surface has been confirmed by theoretical calculations. Aryl diazonium salts once chemically or spontaneously reduced are a source of aryl radicals, able to attach chemically to the material surface or to react with alkyl halides by abstracting the halogen atom. If the aryl diazonium salts are unable to graft to the coal surface due to steric hindrance, they can, nevertheless, abstract an iodine or bromine atom to generate alkyl radicals that react with the material surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avni Berisha
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
| | - Dardan Hetemi.
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
| | | | - Jean Pinson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS75013ParisFrance
| | - Fetah I. Podvorica
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosova, Rr. “Agim Ramadani” Nr. 30510000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
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3
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Diesendorf N, Wenisch P, Oppl J, Heinrich MR. Visible-Light-Mediated Radical Arylations Using a Fluorescein-Derived Diazonium Salt: Reactions Proceeding via an Intramolecular Forth and Back Electron Transfer. Org Lett 2023; 25:76-81. [PMID: 36595351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizations of arenes and alkenes via additive-free radical reactions using highly photosensitive, fluorescein-derived diazonium salts are described. The particular properties of the diazonium salts enable unique Meerwein-type carbohydroxylations of non-activated alkenes, which can be rationalized by a reaction mechanism involving forth and back electron transfer from and to the xanthene subunit of the fluorescein moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Diesendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pia Wenisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Oppl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Bayer L, Birenheide BS, Krämer F, Lebedkin S, Breher F. Heterobimetallic Gold/Ruthenium Complexes Synthesized via Post-functionalization and Applied in Dual Photoredox Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201856. [PMID: 35924459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heterobimetallic AuI /RuII complexes of the general formula syn- and anti-[{AuCl}(L1∩L2){Ru(bpy)2 }][PF6 ]2 is reported. The ditopic bridging ligand L1∩L2 refers to a P,N hybrid ligand composed of phosphine and bipyridine substructures, which was obtained via a post-functionalization strategy based on Diels-Alder reaction between a phosphole and a maleimide moiety. It was found that the stereochemistry at the phosphorus atom of the resulting 7-phosphanorbornene backbone can be controlled by executing the metal coordination and the cycloaddition reaction in a different order. All precursors, as well as the mono- and multimetallic complexes, were isolated and fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods such as NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. Photophysical measurements show efficient phosphorescence for the investigated monometallic complex anti-[(L1∩L2){Ru(bpy)2 }][PF6 ]2 and the bimetallic analogue syn-[{AuCl}(L1∩L2){Ru(bpy)2 }][PF6 ]2 , thus indicating a small influence of the {AuCl} fragment on the photoluminescence properties. The heterobimetallic AuI /RuII complexes syn- and anti-[{AuCl}(L1∩L2){Ru(bpy)2 }][PF6 ]2 are both active catalysts in the P-arylation of aryldiazonium salts promoted by visible light with H-phosphonate affording arylphosphonates in yields of up to 91 %. Both dinuclear complexes outperform their monometallic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bayer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard S Birenheide
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Postfach 3630, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Ramírez‐Chan DE, Palacios‐Ramírez JI, Fragoso‐Soriano R, González FJ. Spontaneous Decarboxylation of Ferrocenecarboxylate using 1,4‐Benzoquinone as Oxidant: Application to the Chemical Grafting of Glassy Carbon Surfaces. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Ramírez‐Chan
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Jesús I. Palacios‐Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Rogelio Fragoso‐Soriano
- Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Felipe J. González
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Mexico City Mexico
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6
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Fu Y, Zhang YX, Guo LL. Aryl Diazonium Salts: Powerful Arylating Agents for Catellani-Type ortho-Arylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17437-17444. [PMID: 34780194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Catellani reaction provides an efficient synthetic approach to polyfunctionalized arenes. However, the selective ortho-arylating reagents employed in these reactions have been strictly limited to activated bromoarenes. As demonstrated in this work, aryl diazonium salts bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, after in situ transformations with KI into the corresponding iodoarenes, were efficient arylating reagents for Catellani type ortho-arylation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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7
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Finck L, Oestreich M. Transition-Metal-Free Coupling of Polyfluorinated Arenes and Functionalized, Masked Aryl Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2021; 27:11061-11064. [PMID: 34014007 PMCID: PMC8453572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective C(sp2)−C(sp2) coupling of sufficiently electron‐deficient fluorinated arenes and functionalized N‐aryl‐N’‐silyldiazenes as masked aryl nucleophiles is reported. The fluoride‐promoted transformation involves the in situ generation of the aryl nucleophile decorated with various sensitive functional groups followed by a stepwise nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). These reactions typically proceed at room temperature within minutes. This catalytic process allows for the functionalization of both coupling partners, furnishing highly fluorinated biaryls in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Finck
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Daukiya L, Teyssandier J, Eyley S, El Kazzi S, Rodríguez González MC, Pradhan B, Thielemans W, Hofkens J, De Feyter S. Covalent functionalization of molybdenum disulfide by chemically activated diazonium salts. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2972-2981. [PMID: 33508050 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization is one of the most efficient ways to tune the properties of layered materials in a highly controlled manner. However, molecular chemisorption on semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides remains a delicate task due to the inertness of their surface. Here we perform covalent modification of bulk and single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using chemical activation of diazonium salts. A high level of control over the grafting density and yield on MoS2 basal plane can be achieved by this approach. Using scanning probe microscopies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we prove the covalent functionalization of MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Daukiya
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Altmann L, Zantop V, Wenisch P, Diesendorf N, Heinrich MR. Visible Light Promoted, Catalyst-Free Radical Carbohydroxylation and Carboetherification under Mild Biomimetic Conditions. Chemistry 2021; 27:2452-2462. [PMID: 33006177 PMCID: PMC7898656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal and catalyst-free carbohydroxylations and carboetherifications at room temperature have been achieved by a combination of beneficial factors including high aryl diazonium concentration and visible light irradiation. The acceleration of the reaction by visible light irradiation is particularly remarkable against the background that neither the aryldiazonium salt nor the alkene show absorptions in the respective range of wavelength. These observations point to weak charge transfer interactions between diazonium salt and alkene, which are nevertheless able to considerably influence the reaction course. As highly promising perspective, many more aryldiazonium-based radical arylations might benefit from simple light irradiation without requiring a photocatalyst or particular additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa‐Marie Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Viviane Zantop
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Pia Wenisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Nina Diesendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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10
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Antenucci A, Barbero M, Dughera S, Ghigo G. Copper catalysed Gomberg-Bachmann-Hey reactions of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates and heteroarenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Xia Y, Martin C, Seibel J, Eyley S, Thielemans W, van der Auweraer M, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Iodide mediated reductive decomposition of diazonium salts: towards mild and efficient covalent functionalization of surface-supported graphene. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11916-11926. [PMID: 32478349 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of graphene is highly sought after, not only in view of the potential applications of the chemically modified material, but also because it brings fundamental insight into the chemistry of graphene. Thus, strategies that yield chemically modified graphene with densely grafted films of aryl groups via simple experimental protocols have been the focus of intense research. Here we report a mild, straightforward and efficient approach to graphene/graphite functionalization using iodide mediated reductive dediazoniation of aryldiazonium salts. The experimental protocol employs aqueous solutions of the reagents. The reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature without the need of any environmental or electrochemical control. The covalently modified surfaces were characterized at the nanometer scale using a combination of complementary surface analytical techniques. The degree of covalent functionalization, and the morphology, as well as the thickness of the grafted films were studied at the molecular level using Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy, respectively. Furthermore, solution phase UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to understand the mechanistic aspects. This work demonstrates a facile and scalable covalent modification method compatible for both bulk and monolayer functionalization of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Johannes Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Mark van der Auweraer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Othman Abdulla H, Scaringi S, Amin AA, Mella M, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Aryldiazenyl Radicals from Arylazo Sulfones: Visible Light‐Driven Diazenylation of Enol Silyl Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Havall Othman Abdulla
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
- Chemistry Department, College of ScienceSalahaddin University Erbil Iraq
| | - Simone Scaringi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Ahmed A. Amin
- Chemistry Department, College of ScienceSalahaddin University Erbil Iraq
| | - Mariella Mella
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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13
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Ramírez‐Delgado V, Morales‐Martínez D, González FJ. Associative and Proton Transfer Effects on the Voltammetric Behaviour of Chemically Grafted Films Bearing Nitrophenyl Groups. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ramírez‐Delgado
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Mexico City 07360 Mexico
| | - Daniel Morales‐Martínez
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Mexico City 07360 Mexico
| | - Felipe J. González
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Mexico City 07360 Mexico
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14
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Altmann LM, Fürst MCD, Gans EI, Zantop V, Pratsch G, Heinrich MR. Aryl Radical Selectivity in Biphasic Systems. Org Lett 2020; 22:479-482. [PMID: 31904970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl radicals generated in the aqueous phase of biphasic mixtures have-regardless of a comparably low polarity- a strong preference to react with aromatic substrates in the aqueous phase and not to undergo phase-transfer into a lipophilic phase, independent from the presence of a surfactant. These results represent an important prerequisite toward future studies in biological systems, which typically consist of various compartments of either hydrophilic or lipophilic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Michael C D Fürst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Eva I Gans
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Viviane Zantop
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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15
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16
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Bartolomeu ADA, Silva RC, Brocksom TJ, Noël T, de Oliveira KT. Photoarylation of Pyridines Using Aryldiazonium Salts and Visible Light: An EDA Approach. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10459-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio de A. Bartolomeu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy J. Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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17
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Sanders S, Golden TD. Functionalization of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Influence Hydrophobic Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5841-5847. [PMID: 30969777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electroless functionalization of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) based on the grafting of aryl groups from the reduction of diazonium salts is presented as a useful and facile method for enhancing the properties of the NPs. For this study, 4-methyl-, 4-ethyl-, and 4- n-butyl-benzene diazonium salts were used as model molecules to demonstrate the ability to change the hydrophobic properties of the cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs. The grafting reaction was investigated under two reducing environments: the addition of a chemical reducing agent and the use of cerium oxide's native reducing property. Spectroscopic evidence for the successful attachment of aryl groups to the CeO2 NPs was given by infrared and 13C SS-NMR, which clearly detect characteristic aryl C-C peaks and the alkyl chains. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the NPs underlying the crystal structure was unaffected by the grafting process. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the NPs suggested that this method enables the formation of multilayers at the surface, as well as an increase in the hydrophobic character. Hydrophobic properties of the resultant NPs further examined with a water contact angle test on pressed pellets revealed increase in hydrophobicity with increasing alkyl chain length. This research opens up new possibilities for controlling the surface chemical composition of CeO2 NPs as well as other NPs using procedures operated in aqueous environments at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sanders
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Teresa D Golden
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
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18
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Felpin FX, Sengupta S. Biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts: cross-coupling, CH-arylation and annulation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1150-1193. [PMID: 30608075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rich legacy of arenediazonium salts in the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls, built around the seminal works of Pschorr, Gomberg and Bachmann more than a century ago, continues to make important contributions at various evolutionary stages of modern biaryl synthesis. Based on in-depth mechanistic analysis and design of novel pathways and reaction conditions, the scope of biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts has enormously expanded in recent years through applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radical chain CH-arylation of (hetero)arenes and arylative radical annulation reactions with alkynes. These recent developments have provided facile synthetic access to a wide variety of unsymmetrical biaryls of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and optoelectronic importance with green scale-up options and created opportunities for late-stage modification of peptides, nucleosides, carbon nanotubes and electrodes, the details of which are captured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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19
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20
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Kim DH, Lee J, Lee A. Visible-Light-Driven Silver-Catalyzed One-Pot Approach: A Selective Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfoxides and Diaryl Sulfones. Org Lett 2018; 20:764-767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
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21
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Fürst MCD, Gans E, Böck MJ, Heinrich MR. Visible-Light-Induced, Catalyst-Free Radical Arylations of Arenes and Heteroarenes with Aryldiazonium Salts. Chemistry 2017; 23:15312-15315. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. D. Fürst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstrasse 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Eva Gans
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstrasse 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael J. Böck
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstrasse 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstrasse 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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22
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Hegmann N, Prusko L, Heinrich MR. Synthesis of Spirocyclohexadienones through Radical Cascade Reactions Featuring 3-Fold Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation. Org Lett 2017; 19:2222-2225. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hegmann
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lea Prusko
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Arora A, Weaver JD. Visible Light Photocatalysis for the Generation and Use of Reactive Azolyl and Polyfluoroaryl Intermediates. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2273-2283. [PMID: 27682342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis offers several mechanistically unique pathways that are not rivaled by mainstream catalysis. Primarily, the ability to convert photochemical energy into single electron oxidation and reduction events provides a new dimension for chemists to consider when choosing how to activate a molecule or approach a complex synthesis. Since most organic molecules do not absorb light in the visible region, they are impervious to direct visible light photochemistry, which provides an opportunity for photocatalysis in which a visible light absorbing compound can serve as a mediator. In this Account, we discuss the consequences of catalyst mediated, photoinduced electron transfer to several classes of reducible arenes. While the bulk of the work discussed within this Account utilizes iridium-based photocatalysts, in principle the chemistry is not limited to this class of photocatalyst, and the principles should be more general. Instead, this Account focuses largely on the consequences of single electron transfer to poly- and perfluorinated arenes and 2-halo azoles. Electron transfer converts these stable molecules into reactive intermediates whose behavior often depends entirely on the identity of the halogen that undergoes substitution. The result is both diverse chemistry and an alternative way of thinking about the chemical reactivity of these motifs. Specifically, we discuss our efforts and those of others to develop strategies for the generation of radicals or radical anions from perfluoroarenes and azoles and the behavior of these intermediates as implied by reactions in which they participate. The divergent pathway is illustrated by 2-bromoazoles, which yield azolyl radicals and can be utilized for addition to π-bonds, while use of the 2-chloroazole substrate leads to an entirely different reaction profile. Under the appropriate reaction conditions, the reactive and transient intermediates are useful coupling partners and often provide unrivaled access to new chemical space. The odd electron species can form challenging bonds with minimal prefunctionalization of the coupling partner. For instance, some of the intermediates can be utilized for C-H functionalizations to selectively make crowded amines or to synthesize biarenes substituted at every ortho position. While photocatalysis is not the only manner of accomplishing electron transfer, the catalytic generation of the reactive species in which the concentration of the transient odd electron species is kept low, provides a synthetic handle that can be used to improve reaction outcomes. This is elegantly demonstrated in a number of examples in which redox sensitive groups located on substrates survive the reaction. In addition, the underlying basic concepts associated with radical anion fragmentation are reviewed and provide the backdrop for discussion throughout the Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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25
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Hofmann J, Heinrich MR. Recent developments in intermolecular radical arylations of arenes and heteroarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kindt S, Wicht K, Heinrich MR. Thermally Induced Carbohydroxylation of Styrenes with Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8744-7. [PMID: 27273583 PMCID: PMC5089591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The radical carbohydroxylation of styrenes with aryldiazonium salts has been achieved under mild thermal conditions. A broad range of aryldiazonium salts was tolerated, and the reaction principle based on a radical-polar crossover mechanism could be extended to carboetherification as well as to a two-step, metal-free variant of the Meerwein arylation leading to stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Wicht
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Fürst MCD, Bock LR, Heinrich MR. Regioselective Radical Arylation of 3-Hydroxypyridines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5752-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. D. Fürst
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonard R. Bock
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Kindt S, Wicht K, Heinrich MR. Thermisch induzierte Carbohydroxylierung von Styrolen mit Aryldiazoniumsalzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Karina Wicht
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
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29
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Perretti MD, Monzón DM, Crisóstomo FP, Martín VS, Carrillo R. Radical C–H arylations of (hetero)arenes catalysed by gallic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9036-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is able to catalyse radical C–H arylations of (hetero)arenes with diazonium salts at room temperature in water–acetone. As gallic acid is present in multiple bio-wastes, this methodology unleashes an alternative method for waste reutilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle D. Perretti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- 38200 – La Laguna
- Spain
| | - Diego M. Monzón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- 38200 – La Laguna
- Spain
| | - Fernando P. Crisóstomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- 38200 – La Laguna
- Spain
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- 38200 – La Laguna
- Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- 38200 – La Laguna
- Spain
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30
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Meyer AU, Slanina T, Yao CJ, König B. Metal-Free Perfluoroarylation by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas U. Meyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Kindt S, Wicht K, Heinrich MR. Base-Induced Radical Carboamination of Nonactivated Alkenes with Aryldiazonium Salts. Org Lett 2015; 17:6122-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Wicht
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Majhi B, Kundu D, Ranu BC. Ascorbic Acid Promoted Oxidative Arylation of Vinyl Arenes to 2-Aryl Acetophenones without Irradiation at Room Temperature under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7739-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biju Majhi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debasish Kundu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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34
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Kojima M, Oisaki K, Kanai M. Metal-free C(3)–H arylation of coumarins promoted by catalytic amounts of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9718-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free, Meerwein-type C(3)–H arylation of coumarins was achieved in the presence of catalytic amounts of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
- JST-ERATO Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project
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35
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Zhang N, Samanta SR, Rosen BM, Percec V. Single Electron Transfer in Radical Ion and Radical-Mediated Organic, Materials and Polymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5848-958. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400689s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shampa R. Samanta
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brad M. Rosen
- DuPont Titanium Technologies, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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36
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Hofmann J, Jasch H, Heinrich MR. Oxidative Radical Arylation of Anilines with Arylhydrazines and Dioxygen from Air. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2314-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500063r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Jasch
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Crisóstomo FP, Martín T, Carrillo R. Ascorbic acid as an initiator for the direct C-H arylation of (hetero)arenes with anilines nitrosated in situ. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2181-5. [PMID: 24453180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has been used as a radical initiator in a metal-free direct C-H arylation of (hetero)arenes. Starting from an aniline, the corresponding arenediazonium ion is generated in situ and immediately reduced by vitamin C to an aryl radical that undergoes a homolytic aromatic substitution with a (hetero)arene. Notably, neither heating nor irradiation is required. This procedure is mild, operationally simple, and constitutes a greener approach to arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pinacho Crisóstomo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)
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38
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Crisóstomo FP, Martín T, Carrillo R. Ascorbic Acid as an Initiator for the Direct CH Arylation of (Hetero)arenes with Anilines Nitrosated In Situ. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Miao T, Wang L. Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Direct CH Arylation of Electron-Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Sodium Arenesulfinates. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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40
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Kütt A, Werner F, Kaljurand I, Leito I, Koppel IA. Pentakis(trifluoromethyl)benzenediazonium Cation: A Useful Building Block for the Syntheis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Derivatives. Chempluschem 2013; 78:932-936. [PMID: 31986712 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sterically crowded, highly electron-deficient diazonium salt C6 (CF3 )5 N2 + BF4 - has been synthesized and sample dediazotization reactions were carried out. New compounds, C6 (CF3 )5 I, C6 (CF3 )5 NO2 , and C6 (CF3 )5 NO were isolated and identified. Also, a more convenient route to C6 (CF3 )5 NH2 that gave good yield was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kütt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Franz Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia tee, 12618, Tallinn (Estonia)
| | - Ivari Kaljurand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Ilmar A Koppel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
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41
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Preparation of fluorinated biaryls through direct palladium-catalyzed coupling of polyfluoroarenes with aryltrifluoroborates. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Majek M, von Wangelin AJ. Organocatalytic visible light mediated synthesis of aryl sulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5507-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Pratsch G, Wallaschkowski T, Heinrich MR. The Gomberg-Bachmann Reaction for the Arylation of Anilines with Aryl Diazotates. Chemistry 2012; 18:11555-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Kovtonyuk VN, Kobrina LS. Acid-catalyzed polyfluoroarylation of arenes with polyfluorinated mono- and tris(phenoxy)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dienes. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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46
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Busson M, Berisha A, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Pinson J. Photochemical grafting of diazonium salts on metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12631-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Bélanger D, Pinson J. Electrografting: a powerful method for surface modification. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3995-4048. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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48
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Sinitskii A, Dimiev A, Corley DA, Fursina AA, Kosynkin DV, Tour JM. Kinetics of diazonium functionalization of chemically converted graphene nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1949-54. [PMID: 20345149 DOI: 10.1021/nn901899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced by the oxidative unzipping of carbon nanotubes can be chemically functionalized by diazonium salts. We show that functional groups form a thin layer on a GNR and modify its electrical properties. The kinetics of the functionalization can be monitored by probing the electrical properties of GNRs, either in vacuum after the grafting, or in situ in the solution. We derive a simple kinetics model that describes the change in the electrical properties of GNRs. The reaction of GNRs with 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate is reasonably fast, such that >60% of the maximum change in the electrical properties is observed after less than 5 min of grafting at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Wetzel A, Pratsch G, Kolb R, Heinrich M. Radical Arylation of Phenols, Phenyl Ethers, and Furans. Chemistry 2010; 16:2547-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kovtonyuk VN, Kobrina LS, Haufe G. Pentafluorophenylation of aromatic compounds with 4,5,6,7,8-pentafluoro-6-nitro-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octa-4,7-diene. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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