1
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Yoshimatsu M, Goto H, Saito R, Iguchi K, Kikuchi M, Wasada H, Sawada Y. Cationic indium catalysis as a powerful tool for generating α-alkyl propargyl cations for S N1 reactions. Commun Chem 2023; 6:279. [PMID: 38104229 PMCID: PMC10725475 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydration is an abundant and promising process in chemical, biochemical, and industrial fields. Dehydration methods can contribute to building a modern and sustainable society with minimal environmental impact. Breakthrough advances in the dehydrative SN1 reaction can be achieved through the discovery of new cationic indium catalysts. Here we show that the breakthrough advances in the dehydrative SN1 reaction can be achieved using the cationic indium catalysts. The dehydrative carbon-carbon bond formation of α-alkyl propargyl alcohols afforded a wide variety of α-aryl- and heteroaryl-propargyl compounds. Mechanistic investigations into this process revealed that the InCl3/AgClO4/Bu4NPF6/1,1'-binaphthol catalytic system generated a powerful cationic indium catalyst that could promote the dehydration of alcohols. Labile α-alkyl propargyl cations were found to self-condense, and the catalyst system efficiently regenerated propargyl cations for reaction with nucleophiles. This propargylation reaction directly proceeded from the corresponding alcohols under mild and open-air conditions and tolerated a broad scope of functional groups. Furthermore, a wide variety of nucleophiles, including aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, phenols, alcohols, and sulfonamides, reacted with the corresponding cations to afford the propargyl compounds in good to high yields. Finally, the synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of colchicine and allocolchicine analogues. The dehydration process could help create new compounds that were previously impossible to synthesize and is more eco-friendly and efficient than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Rintaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kodai Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Manoka Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wasada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Regional Study, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
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2
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Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang B, He H, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephalotaxus Diterpenoids: Cephinoid P, Cephafortoid A, 14- epi-Cephafortoid A and Fortalpinoids M-N, P. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16988-16994. [PMID: 37493585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric total syntheses of cephalotaxus C19 diterpenoids, bearing a unique cycloheptene A ring with a chiral methyl group at C-12, were disclosed based on a universal strategy. Six members, including cephinoid P, cephafortoid A, 14-epi-cephafortoid A and fortalpinoids M-N, P, were accomplished for the first time. The concise approach relies on two crucial steps: (1) a Nicholas/Hosomi-Sakurai cascade reaction was developed to efficiently generate the cycloheptene ring bearing a chiral methyl group; (2) an intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction was followed to facilitate the construction of the complete skeleton of target molecules. Our studies provide a new strategy for the synthetic analysis of cephalotaxus diterpenoids and structurally related polycyclic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Baochao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haibing He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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3
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Pal R, Chattaraj PK. Electrophilicity index revisited. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:278-297. [PMID: 35546516 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and accessible review of general interest to the chemistry community; because the electrophilicity index is a very useful global reactivity descriptor defined within a conceptual density functional theory framework. Our group has also introduced electrophilicity based new global and local reactivity descriptors and also new associated electronic structure principles, which are important indicators of structure, stability, bonding, reactivity, interactions, and dynamics in a wide variety of physico-chemical systems and processes. This index along with its local counterpart augmented by the associated electronic structure principles could properly explain molecular vibrations, internal rotations and various types of chemical reactions. The concept of the electrophilicity index has been extended to dynamical processes, excited states, confined environment, spin-dependent and temperature-dependent situations, biological activity, site selectivity, aromaticity, charge removal and acceptance, presence of external perturbation through solvents, external electric and magnetic fields, and so forth. Although electrophilicity and its local variant can adequately interpret the behavior of a wide variety of systems and different physico-chemical processes involving them, their predictive potential remains to be explored. An exhaustive review on all these aspects will set the tone of the future research in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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4
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Mori K. C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization Mediated by Hydride Shift/Cyclization System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588
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5
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St Onge B, Taimoory SM, Battersby J, Trant JF, Green JR. Reaction of Alkynyl- and Alkenyltrifluoroborates with Propargyldicobalt Cations: Alkynylation, Alkenylation, and Cyclopropanation Product Pathways. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18094-18106. [PMID: 34845901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid-mediated Nicholas reactions of propargyl acetate-Co2(CO)6 complexes with a series of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates and potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates are described. Alkynyltrifluoroborates directly alkynylate the intermediate propargyldicobalt cations. In contrast, alkenyltrifluoroborates proceed through one of the three modes of dominant reactivity: C-2-substituted alkenyltrifluorobrates directly alkenylate, predominantly with the retention of stereochemistry. C-1-substituted alkenyltrifluoroborates alkenylate at C-2. Potassium vinyltrifluoroborate incorporates a cyclopropane at the site propargyl to alkynedicobalt. Computational analysis of these systems explains the differential modes of reactivity of alkenyltrifluoroborates and outlines the probable mechanisms for the formation of each product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent St Onge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - S Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, 2811, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Jeffrey Battersby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - James R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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6
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Nicholas KM. DFT analysis of the structures, dynamics and reactivity of [(Propargyl)Co2(CO)5(L)]+ Z−. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Tandon H, Chakraborty T, Suhag V. A New Scale of the Electrophilicity Index Invoking the Force Concept and Its Application in Computing the Internuclear Bond Distance. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Okamura T, Egoshi S, Dodo K, Sodeoka M, Iwabuchi Y, Kanoh N. Highly Chemoselective gem-Difluoropropargylation of Aliphatic Alcohols. Chemistry 2019; 25:16002-16006. [PMID: 31625215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential of α-fluoroethers in medicinal chemistry, their synthetic methods, especially etherification of aliphatic alcohols, have been limited. Herein, we developed two- and three-step gem-difluoropropargylation of aliphatic alcohols including amino acid derivatives and naturally occurring bioactive molecules. Highly chemoselective etherification proceeded by using the gem-difluoropropargyl bromide dicobalt complex in the presence of silver triflate and triethylamine. Decomplexation of dicobalt complexes was achieved by using cerium ammonium nitrate or N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine. The thus obtained gem-difluoropropargyl ethers were converted to various α-difluoroethers which are expected to be useful for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Okamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Sinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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9
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Romo JM, Romea P, Urpí F. Direct anti
Glycolate Aldol Reaction of Protected Chiral N
-Hydroxyacetyl Thiazolidinethiones with Acetals Catalyzed by a Nickel(II) Complex. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Romo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; Carrer Martí I Franqués 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; Carrer Martí I Franqués 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; Carrer Martí I Franqués 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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10
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Okamura T, Fujiki S, Iwabuchi Y, Kanoh N. Gold(i)-catalyzed Nicholas reaction with aromatic molecules utilizing a bifunctional propargyl dicobalt hexacarbonyl complex. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8522-8526. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01348b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A benchtop-stable reagent for the catalytic Nicholas reaction with aromatic molecules was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Okamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Shogo Fujiki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
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11
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Gualandi A, Rodeghiero G, Cozzi PG. Catalytic Stereoselective SN
1-Type Reactions Promoted by Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Brønsted Acid Catalysts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Rodeghiero
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Cyanagen Srl; Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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12
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Design and synthesis of new antitumor agents with the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. Study of their anticancer action mechanism by a model compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3379-3398. [PMID: 29784272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of antitumor agents having the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. We have developed a versatile synthetic methodology that allows the preparation of a chemical library with structural diversity and in good yield. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to the multigram level and can be developed in an enantioselective fashion. The study in vitro of a model compound, in front of the cancer cell lines HL-60 and MCF-7, showed a growth inhibitory effect better than that of cisplatin. The observation of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and a degradation of microtubules. The study of cell cycle and mechanism of death of cancer cells by flow cytometry indicates that the cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase and that the cells died by apoptosis preferably over necrosis. A high percentage of apoptotic cells at the subG0/G1 level was observed. This indicates that our model compound does not behave as an antimitotic agent like nocodazole, used as a reference, which arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase. The interaction of anticancer agents with DNA molecules was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism and electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results indicate that the model compound has not DNA as a target molecule. The in silico study of the model compound showed a potential good oral bioavailability.
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13
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Sanasi MF, Kociok-Köhn G. Synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1557-1580. [PMID: 29437174 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products like physalins, with potential as antitumor agents. This synthetic methodology involves several key reactions: (a) synthesis of polyfunctionalized cycloheptenones by [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of furan precursors with oxyallyl cations; (b) Nicholas reaction with propargyl cations stabilized as dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes; (c) demetallation and hydration of the resulting acetylenes; (d) stereoconvergent aldol cyclization to generate a key oxatricyclic intermediate and (e) a β-fragmentation process that affords, under hypoiodite photolysis, the desired product with moderate to good yield. The final compounds are the result of a radicalary β-fragmentation at the level of C2-C6 with respect to the tertiary hydroxyl group on C6, with an unexpected contraction from a ten- to a nine-membered ring system, via a radical addition to the carbonyl group on C4. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to multigram level with good overall yield. Further biological, biochemical and biophysical studies are being carried out in our laboratory on these 1,7-epoxycyclononane derivatives to determine the potential of this kind of oxabicyclic compound as future hits and/or leads for the development of new anticancer drugs. The preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of the representative synthesized compounds, against the leukaemia cancer cell lines K-562 and SR, shows a promising activity with a GI50 = 0.01 μM and a LC50 = 7.4 μM for a conveniently functionalized 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M Montaña
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Fernández-Valparis J, Romea P, Urpí F, Font-Bardia M. Stereoselective and Catalytic Synthesis of anti-β-Alkoxy-α-azido Carboxylic Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:6400-6403. [PMID: 29160074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct addition of a chiral N-azidoacetyl thiazolidinethione to a variety of dialkyl acetals catalyzed by a commercially available and structurally simple nickel(II) complex gives access in good yields and a highly stereocontrolled manner to anti-β-alkoxy-α-azido carboxylic derivatives which, in turn, can be easily converted into a wide array of enantiomerically pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Valparis
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Tsou PK, Lee YC, Lankau T, Isobe M, Yu CH. Substituent effects in the Nicholas epimerization of glycosides. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Kang Tsou
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Timm Lankau
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Minoru Isobe
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Yu
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
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16
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Kanoh N, Okamura T, Suzuki T, Iwabuchi Y. A mild two-step propargylation of aromatic bioactive small molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7190-7195. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A mild 2-step propargylation strategy for aromatic bioactive small molecules has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kanoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
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17
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Melikyan GG, Davis R, Anker B, Meron D, Duncan K. Acquiring a Prognostic Power in Co2(CO)6-Mediated, Cobaltocene-Induced Radical Dimerizations of Propargyl Triflates. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagik G. Melikyan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Ryan Davis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Bryan Anker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Deborah Meron
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Kellyanne Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
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18
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Terada M, Ota Y, Li F, Toda Y, Kondoh A. Enantioconvergent Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Racemic Alkyne–Dicobalt Complex (Nicholas Reaction) Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11038-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ota
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Azusa Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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19
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Valderas C, Casarrubios L, Lledos A, Ortuño MA, de la Torre MC, Sierra MA. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Addition of Phenols to Alkyne Cobalt Cluster Stabilized Carbocations. Chemistry 2016; 22:9015-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valderas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; Instituto de Química Orgánica; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - Agusti Lledos
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; Instituto de Química Orgánica; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
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20
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Kolodziej I, Green JR. Vinylogous Nicholas reactions in the synthesis of bi- and tricyclic cycloheptynedicobalt complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10852-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid mediated intramolecular Nicholas reactions of allylic acetate enyne-Co2(CO)6 complexes afford bicyclic- and tricyclic cycloheptenyne-Co2(CO)6 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kolodziej
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - James R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
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21
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GABSI W, BOUBAKER T, GOUMONT R. Nucleophilicities of Para-Substituted Phenoxide Ions in Water and Correlation Analysis. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. GABSI
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - T. BOUBAKER
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - R. GOUMONT
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles; 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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22
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El Guesmi N, Boubaker T, Goumont R, Terrier F. Regioselectivity and High Electrophilicity in the σ Complexation of Aromatic Triflones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Dou Y, Xing P, Huang Z, Jiang B. Co2(CO)8-mediated Selective Reductions of Propargyl Alcohol Derivatives to Alkenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Gujarathi S, Hendrickson HP, Zheng G. Amberlite IR-120H as an efficient and versatile solid phase catalyst for nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Valderas C, de la Torre MC, Fernández I, Muñoz MP, Sierra MA. The Gold(I)- and Silver(I)-Catalyzed Nicholas Reaction. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valderas
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Quı́mica
Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Instituto de Quı́mica
Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- Instituto de Quı́mica
Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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26
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Yoshimatsu M, Tanabe G, Muraoka O. Chemistry of Propargyl Compounds Activated by Sulfur Functional Groups^|^mdash;Development of Methodology for the Synthesis of Heterocyles Triggered by Functionalizations. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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29
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Amiralaei S, Gauld J, Green JR. Dehydrotropylium-Co2(CO)6 ion: generation, reactivity and evaluation of cation stability. Chemistry 2011; 17:4157-65. [PMID: 21387422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion was generated by the action of HBF(4) or BF(3)⋅OEt(2) on the corresponding cycloheptadienynol complex, which in turn has been prepared in four steps from a known diacetoxycycloheptenyne complex. The reaction of the cycloheptadienynol complex via the dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion with several nucleophiles results in substitution reactions with reactive nucleophiles (N>1) under normal conditions, and a radical dimerisation reaction in the presence of less reactive nucleophiles. Competitive reactions of the cycloheptadienynol complex with an acyclic trienynol complex show no preference for generation of the dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion over an acyclic cation. DFT studies on the dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion, specifically evaluation of its harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) value (+0.95), its homodesmotic-reaction-based stabilisation energy (≈2.8 kcal mol(-1)) and its NICS(1) value (-2.9), taken together with the experimental studies suggest that the dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion is weakly aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Amiralaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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30
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Taj RA, Green JR. Nicholas reactions in the construction of cyclohepta[de]naphthalenes and cyclohepta[de]naphthalenones. The total synthesis of microstegiol. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8258-70. [PMID: 21069992 DOI: 10.1021/jo102127q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of the Nicholas reaction chemistry of 2,7-dioxygenated naphthalenes in the synthesis of cyclohepta[de]napthalenes and in the synthesis of (±)-microstegiol (1) is presented. The substitution profile of Nicholas monosubstitution (predominantly C-1) and disubstitution reactions (predominantly 1,6-) on 2,7-dioxygenated napthalenes is reported. Application of a 1,8-dicondensation product and selected C-1 monocondensation products to the construction of cyclohepta[de]naphthalenes by way of ring closing metathesis and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reactions, respectively, is described. Deprotection of the C-7 oxygen function to the corresponding naphthol allows tautomerization to cyclohepta[de]naphthalene-1-ones upon seven-membered-ring closure in most cases, and replacement of the C-2 oxygen function in the naphthalene by a methyl group ultimately allows the synthesis of (±)-microstegiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq A Taj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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31
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Djurdjevic S, Yang F, Green JR. Intramolecular Nicholas reactions in the synthesis of dibenzocycloheptanes. Synthesis of allocolchicine NSC 51046 and analogues and the formal synthesis of (-)-allocolchicine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8241-51. [PMID: 21058661 DOI: 10.1021/jo101953n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of dibenzocycloheptyne-Co(2)(CO)(6) complexes by intramolecular Nicholas reactions of biaryl-2-propargyl alcohol-Co(2)(CO)(6) derivatives is described. Reductive decomplexation of the dibenzocycloheptyne-Co(2)(CO)(6) complexes affords the corresponding dibenzocycloheptenes, individual members of which have been employed in a formal total synthesis of (-)-allocolchicine, the preparation of 6,7-dihydro-3,4,9,10,11-pentamethoxy-5H-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-5-one, and the enantioselective total syntheses of NSC 51046 and its 3,8,9,10-tetramethoxy regioisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Djurdjevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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32
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Buncel E, Terrier F. Assessing the superelectrophilic dimension through σ-complexation, SNAr and Diels–Alder reactivity. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2285-308. [DOI: 10.1039/b923983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Stabilities and Reactivities of Carbocations. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)44002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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34
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Green JR, Tjeng AA. The Synthesis of Velloziolide via Nicholas Reaction Based γ-Carbonyl Cations. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7411-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Andy A. Tjeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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35
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Melikyan GG, Mikailian B, Sepanian R, Toure P. High-temperature reaction of a Co2(CO)6-complexed propargyl cation. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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37
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Yadav JS, Reddy BVS, Chandrakanth D, Prashant B. Zinc-mediated Allylation of Aryl 2-Propynyl Acetates: A Facile Synthesis of 1,5-Enynes. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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38
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Cozzi P, Zoli L. A Rational Approach towards the Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alcohols “on Water”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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A Rational Approach towards the Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alcohols “on Water”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4162-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Srihari P, Shyam Sunder Reddy J, Bhunia DC, Mandal SS, Yadav JS. PMA‐SiO2: A Heterogenous Catalyst for O‐, S‐, and N‐Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Propargyl Alcohols. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801914335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Srihari
- a Organic Division I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | | | - Dinesh C. Bhunia
- a Organic Division I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - S. S. Mandal
- a Organic Division I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - J. S. Yadav
- a Organic Division I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
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41
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El Guesmi N, Boubaker T, Goumont R, Terrier F. Electrophilicity of aromatic triflones in σ-complexation processes. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4041-52. [PMID: 18931813 DOI: 10.1039/b810273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar El Guesmi
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie Théorique et Réactivité, Faculté des sciences de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
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42
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Copper(II)-catalyzed allylation of propargylic and allylic alcohols by allylsilanes: a facile synthesis of 1,5-enynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Amiralaei S, Green JR. Generation and reactivity of the dehydrotropylium-Co2(CO)6 ion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4971-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b812174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IndiaThis is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in 2006 (Chattaraj, P. K.; Sarkar, U.; Roy, D. R. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2065). Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Debesh Ranjan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IndiaThis is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in 2006 (Chattaraj, P. K.; Sarkar, U.; Roy, D. R. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2065). Updates to the text appear in red type
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46
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Zhan ZP, Wang SP, Cai XB, Liu HJ, Yu JL, Cui YY. Copper(II) Triflate-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Propargylic Acetates with Enoxysilanes. A Straightforward Synthetic Route to Polysubstituted Furans. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Kociok-Köhn G, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Versatile Methodology to Synthesize Oxygen-Bridged Nine- and Ten-Membered Cycloalkanes by the Hypoiodite Reaction. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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49
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Lakhdar S, Goumont R, Terrier F, Boubaker T, Dust JM, Buncel E. Mayr electrophilicity predicts the dual Diels–Alder and σ-adduct formation behaviour of heteroaromatic super-electrophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1744-51. [PMID: 17520143 DOI: 10.1039/b702060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the dual reactivity, i.e. anionic Meisenheimer sigma adduct formation and Diels-Alder adduct formation, of a series of heteroaromatic super-electrophiles, including 4,6-dinitro-benzofuroxan, -N-arylbenzotriazoles (4), -benzothiadiazole and -benzoselenadiazole. Measured pK(a)(H(2)O) values for sigma adduct formation provide a quantitative measure of super-electrophilic reactivity with a satisfactory correlation between the Mayr E electrophilicity parameter and pK(a)(H(2)O): E = -0.662 pK(a)(H(2)O) (or pK(R+) -3.20 (r(2) = 0.987). The most highly electrophilic, pre-eminent super-electrophile is 4,6-dinitrotetrazolopyridine (E = -4.67, pK(a)(H(2)O) = 0.4), which supercedes the reference Meisenheimer super-electrophile, 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (E = -5.06, pK(a) = 3.75), having itself an E value superior by 8 orders of magnitude compared to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as the benchmark normal Meisenheimer electrophile (E = -13.19, pK(a)(H(2)O) = 13.43). (For relevant kinetic parameters as well as E and pK(a) values, see .) In a parallel study we have investigated Diels-Alder (normal and inverse electron demand) reactivity of this series of heteroaromatic electrophiles and have shown that Mayr E values are valid predictors of whether DA adducts will form and how rapidly. The observed order of pericyclic reactivity corresponds to E = -8.5 as the demarcation E value, in close agreement with sigma complexation; thus pointing to a common origin for the two processes, i.e. an inverse relationship between the degree of aromaticity of the carbocyclic ring and ease of sigma complexation, or DA reactivity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Lakhdar
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035-Versailles Cedex, France
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50
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Zhan ZP, Cui YY, Liu HJ. FeCl3-catalyzed propargylation of aromatic compounds with propargylic acetates. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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