1
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Shan C, Dai C, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unprecedented bis(silylene)-supported silylone-metal complexes with Si 0→Cu I, Si 0→Ni I, and Si 0→Ni II dative bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025. [PMID: 40391915 DOI: 10.1039/d5cc02098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
The first silylone-3d-metal complexes, LSiCu(NacNacM) (2) [L = 1,2-(RSi)2-1,2-C2B10H10, R = PhC(NtBu)2; NacNacM = HC(CMeNMes)2, Mes = 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2] and LSiNi(NacNacD) (3) [NacNacD = HC(CMeNDipp)2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3], are reported, resulting from the reaction of the strongly σ-donating and chelating bis(silylenyl)-ortho-carborane silylone LSi0 with [(NacNacMCu)2benzene] and [(NacNacDNi)2toluene], respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses reveal that complex 2 features a Si0→CuI dative bond, while 3 exhibits a Si0→NiI bond. Oxidation of the Si0-NiI species 3 with [Cp2Fe]+ occurs at the Ni site to form the [3]+ cation with a Si0→NiII coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Shan
- Department of chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Meterials, Technische Universität Belrin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chenshu Dai
- Department of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Meterials, Technische Universität Belrin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, No. 2001 Longxiang Blvd., Longgang Dist., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Meterials, Technische Universität Belrin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Grover J, Sebastian AT, Maiti S, Bissember AC, Maiti D. Unified approaches in transition metal catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization: recent advances and mechanistic aspects. Chem Soc Rev 2025; 54:2006-2053. [PMID: 39838813 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
In organic synthesis, C(sp3)-H functionalization is a revolutionary method that allows direct alteration of unactivated C-H bonds. It can obviate the need for pre-functionalization and provides access to streamlined and atom economical routes for the synthesis of complex molecules starting from simple starting materials. Many strategies have evolved, such as photoredox catalysis, organocatalysis, non-directed C-H activation, transiently directed C-H activation, and native functionality directed C-H activation. Together these advances have reinforced the importance of C(sp3)-H functionalization in synthetic chemistry. C(sp3)-H functionalization has direct applications in pharmacology, agrochemicals, and materials science, demonstrating its ability to transform synthetic approaches by creating new retrosynthetic disconnections and boost the efficiency of chemical processes. This review aims to provide an overview of current state of C(sp3)-H functionalization, focusing more on recent breakthroughs and associated mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagrit Grover
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | | | - Siddhartha Maiti
- VIT Bhopal University School of Biosciences Engineering & Technology, India
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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3
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Nair AM, Martínez‐Balart P, Barbeira‐Arán S, Fañanás‐Mastral M. Cross-Coupling of Gaseous Alkanes with (Hetero)Aryl Bromides via Dual Nickel/Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202416957. [PMID: 39316730 PMCID: PMC11720404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202416957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Gaseous alkanes represent the most abundant carbon-based chemical feedstocks in our planet. However, the intrinsic inertness of their C-H bonds has rendered the use of these alkanes very difficult for purposes beyond aerobic combustion and energy intensive processes. Thus, clean and energy-efficient transformations for their use in synthetic organic chemistry are still rare. Here we report a catalytic methodology for the direct cross-coupling of gaseous alkanes with (hetero)aryl bromides through the combination of metallaphotoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for the addition of short alkyl groups into diverse (hetero) aromatic rings, providing a wide range of high-value alkyl(hetero)arenes, and bypassing the longstanding need of using preactivated alkylating agents in C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings. The method features high chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and a remarkable functional group tolerance, operates under mild conditions, and exhibits operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay M. Nair
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Pol Martínez‐Balart
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Sergio Barbeira‐Arán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Martín Fañanás‐Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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4
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Pulcinella A, Chandra Tiwari P, Luridiana A, Yamazaki K, Mazzarella D, Sadhoe AK, Alfano AI, Tiekink EH, Hamlin TA, Noël T. C1-4 Alkylation of Aryl Bromides with Light Alkanes enabled by Metallaphotocatalysis in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202413846. [PMID: 39192732 PMCID: PMC11720381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The homologous series of gaseous C1-4 alkanes represents one of the most abundant sources of short alkyl fragments. However, their application in synthetic organic chemistry is exceedingly rare due to the challenging C-H bond cleavage, which typically demands high temperatures and pressures, thereby limiting their utility in the construction of complex organic molecules. In particular, the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds is crucial for constructing biologically active molecules, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In this study, we present the previously elusive coupling between gaseous alkanes and (hetero)aryl bromides, achieved through a combination of Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) photocatalysis and nickel-catalyzed cross coupling at room temperature. Utilizing flow technology allowed us to conduct this novel coupling reaction with reduced reaction times and in a scalable fashion, rendering it practical for widespread adoption in both academia and industry. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the oxidative addition constitutes the rate-determining step, with the activation energy barrier increasing with smaller alkyl radicals. Furthermore, radical isomerization observed in propane and butane analogues could be attributed to the electronic properties of the bromoarene coupling partner, highlighting the crucial role of oxidative addition in the observed selectivity of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Prakash Chandra Tiwari
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alberto Luridiana
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Università degli Studi di CagliariS.S. 554, bivio per Sestu09042MonserratoCAItaly
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMSVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Applied ChemistryOkayama UniversityTsushimanaka700-8530OkayamaJapan
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Francesco Marzolo 135131PadovaItaly
| | - Akshay K. Sadhoe
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eveline H. Tiekink
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMSVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMSVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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5
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Chen TA, Staples RJ, Warren TH. Copper catalyzed benzylic sp 3 C-H alkenylation. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03430a. [PMID: 39391381 PMCID: PMC11459437 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prenyl group is present in numerous biologically active small molecule drugs and natural products. We introduce benzylic C-H alkenylation of substrates Ar-CH3 with alkenylboronic esters (CH2)3O2B-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2 as a pathway to form prenyl functionalized arenes Ar-CH2CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2. Mechanistic studies of this radical relay catalytic protocol reveal diverse reactivity pathways exhibited by the copper(ii) alkenyl intermediate [CuII]-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2 that involve radical capture, bimolecular C-C bond formation, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington D.C. 20057 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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6
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Mondal PP, Chungath AA, Krishnan M, Das S, Mandodi A, Sahoo B. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 3,3'-Dialkyloxindole Boronic Esters from 3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles Enabled by Copper Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10403-10408. [PMID: 38970159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
We describe a 1,2-alkylboration of 3-alkylidene-2-oxindoles with a diboron reagent and alkyl bromides and iodides enabled by copper/bisphosphine catalysis. This scalable alkylboration method provides facile access to 3,3'-dialkyloxindole boronic esters featuring an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter and an increased F(sp3) fraction. In addition to good functional group tolerance and prolific utilization of drug/pesticide-derived alkyl iodides, the conversion of the C-B bond to a C-C/C-X bond offers further opportunities for structural variation of 3,3'-dialkyloxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Alvin Antony Chungath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Malavika Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Subham Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Aarya Mandodi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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7
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Zachmann AKZ, Drappeau JA, Liu S, Alexanian EJ. C(sp 3)-H (N-Phenyltetrazole)thiolation as an Enabling Tool for Molecular Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404879. [PMID: 38657161 PMCID: PMC11795534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Methods enabling the broad diversification of C(sp3)-H bonds from a common intermediate are especially valuable in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a site-selective (N-phenyltetrazole)thiolation of aliphatic and (hetero)benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds using a commercially available disulfide to access N-phenyltetrazole thioethers. The thioether products are readily elaborated in diverse fragment couplings for C-C, C-O, or C-N construction. The C-H functionalization proceeds via a radical-chain pathway involving hydrogen atom transfer by the electron-poor N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical. Hexafluoroisopropanol was found to be essential to reactions involving aliphatic C(sp3)-H thiolation, with computational analysis consistent with dual hydrogen bonding of the N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical imparting increased radical electrophilicity to facilitate the hydrogen atom transfer. Substrate is limiting reagent in all cases, and the reaction displays an exceptional functional group tolerance well suited to applications in late-stage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K. Z. Zachmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Justine A. Drappeau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA); Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
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8
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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9
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Zhang YF, Chen HN, Xiao Y, Cui Z, Wang WD, Xu GQ. Organic photoredox catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization of saturated aza-heterocycles via a cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8284-8288. [PMID: 37814526 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a novel protocol to access α-functionalized saturated aza-heterocycles, and a variety of nucleophilic groups, such as indole, naphthol, phenol, pyrrole, furyl, nitromethyl, and cyano, could be easily installed into saturated aza-heterocycles. Furthermore, a range of biologically valuable 3,3'-diindolylmethane derivatives could also be readily accessed under mild photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Han-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhencun Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
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10
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Li QY, Cheng S, Ye Z, Huang T, Yang F, Lin YM, Gong L. Visible light-triggered selective C(sp 2)-H/C(sp 3)-H coupling of benzenes with aliphatic hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6366. [PMID: 37821440 PMCID: PMC10567795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct and selective coupling of benzenes with aliphatic hydrocarbons is a promising strategy for C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation using readily available starting materials, yet it remains a significant challenge. In this study, we have developed a simplified photochemical system that incorporates catalytic amounts of iron(III) halides as multifunctional reagents and air as a green oxidant to address this synthetic problem. Under mild conditions, the reaction between a strong C(sp2)-H bond and a robust C(sp3)-H bond has been achieved, affording a broad range of cross-coupling products with high yields and commendable chemo-, site-selectivity. The iron halide acts as a multifunctional reagent that responds to visible light, initiates C-centered radicals, induces single-electron oxidation to carbocations, and participates in a subsequent Friedel-Crafts-type process. The gradual release of radical species and carbocation intermediates appears to be critical for achieving desirable reactivity and selectivity. This eco-friendly, cost-efficient approach offers access to various building blocks from abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks, and demonstrates the potential of iron halides in sustainable synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Shiyan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Fuxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
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11
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Zeng LY, Qu PZ, Tao M, Pu G, Jia J, Wang P, Shang M, Li X, He CY. Synthesis of Alkylated Polyfluorobenzenes through Decarboxylative Giese Addition of Aliphatic N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluorostyrene. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14105-14114. [PMID: 37708081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroaromatic compounds play crucial roles in medicinal and material science. However, the synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes has been relatively underdeveloped. In this study, we devised a novel decarboxylative coupling reaction between aliphatic N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and polyfluorostyrene, leveraging the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. This method offers simple reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the practicality of this protocol through late-stage polyfluoroaryl modification of biologically active molecules using readily available carboxylic acids as starting materials, thus providing an important supplement to the current toolbox for accessing alkylated polyfluoroaryl motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Zhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Maoling Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Maocai Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201807, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P.R. China
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12
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Liu K, Wang Z, Künzel AN, Layh M, Studer A. Regioselective Formal β-Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds Enabled by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303473. [PMID: 37141023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Tsuji-Trost reaction between carbonyl compounds and allylic precursors has been widely used in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. As the α-C-H bond is far more acidic than the β-C-H bond, carbonyl compounds undergo highly regioselective allylation at the α-position and their β-allylation is therefore highly challenging. This innate α-reactivity conversely hampers diversity, especially if the corresponding β-allylation product is targeted. Herein, we present a formal intermolecular β-C-C bond formation reaction of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with different allyl electrophiles through cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis. β-Selectivity is achieved via initial transformation of the aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding silyl enol ethers. The overall transformation features mild conditions, excellent regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance and high reaction efficiency. The introduced facile and regioselective β-allylation of carbonyl compounds proceeding through cooperative catalysis allows the preparation of valuable building blocks that are difficult to access from aldehydes and ketones using existing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhe Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Augustinus N Künzel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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13
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Wang GY, Ge Z, Ding K, Wang X. Cooperative Bimetallic Catalysis via One-Metal/Two-Ligands: Mechanistic Insights of Polyfluoroarylation-Allylation of Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307973. [PMID: 37327073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal/ligand in situ assembly is crucial for tailoring the reactivity & selectivity in transition metal catalysis. Cooperative catalysis via a single metal/two ligands is still underdeveloped, since it is rather challenging to harness the distinct reactivity profiles of the species generated by self-assembly of a single metal precursor with a mixture of different ligands. Herein, we report a catalytic system composed of a single metal/two ligands for a three-component reaction of polyfluoroarene, α-diazo ester, and allylic electrophile, leading to highly efficient construction of densely functionalized quaternary carbon centers, that are otherwise hardly accessible. Mechanistic studies suggest this reaction follows a cooperative bimetallic pathway via two catalysts with distinct reactivity profiles, which are assembled in situ from a single metal precursor and two ligands and work in concert to escort the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Yin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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14
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Golden DL, Zhang C, Chen SJ, Vasilopoulos A, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Benzylic C-H Esterification with Limiting C-H Substrate Enabled by Photochemical Redox Buffering of the Cu Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9434-9440. [PMID: 37084265 PMCID: PMC10510071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed radical-relay reactions provide a versatile strategy for selective C-H functionalization; however, reactions with peroxide-based oxidants often require excess C-H substrate. Here, we report a photochemical strategy to overcome this limitation by using a Cu/2,2'-biquinoline catalyst that supports benzylic C-H esterification with limiting C-H substrate. Mechanistic studies indicate that blue-light irradiation promotes carboxylate-to-copper charge transfer, reducing resting-state CuII to CuI, which activates the peroxide to generate an alkoxyl radical hydrogen-atom-transfer species. This "photochemical redox buffering" introduces a unique strategy to sustain the activity of Cu catalysts in radical-relay reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Present Address: Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Wang R, Wang Y, Ding R, Staub PB, Zhao CZ, Liu P, Wang YM. Designed Iron Catalysts for Allylic C-H Functionalization of Propylene and Simple Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216309. [PMID: 36622129 PMCID: PMC9974915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Propylene gas is produced worldwide by steam cracking on million-metric-ton scale per year. It serves as a valuable starting material for π-bond functionalization but is rarely applied in transition metal-catalyzed allylic C-H functionalization for fine chemical synthesis. Herein, we report that a newly-developed cationic cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex allows for the conversion of propylene to its allylic C-C bond coupling products under catalytic conditions. This approach was also found applicable to the allylic functionalization of simple α-olefins with distinctive branched selectivity. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies supported the allylic deprotonation of the metal-coordinated alkene as the turnover-limiting step and led to insights into the multifaceted roles of the newly designed ligand in promoting allylic C-H functionalization with enhanced reactivity and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ruiqi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Parker B Staub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Christopher Z Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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16
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Lokolkar MS, Kolekar YA, Jagtap PA, Bhanage BM. Cu-Catalyzed C-C Coupling Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Zhou Y, Hu D, Zhang Y, Cen Q, Dong ZB, Zhang JQ, Ren H. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Polyfluoro-Polyarylmethanes via Direct Cross-Coupling of Polyfluoroarenes and Benzyl Chlorides. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203427. [PMID: 36583527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-free direct cross-coupling between polyfluoroarenes and benzyl chlorides is reported. In this strategy, a variety of polyfluoro di-, tri- and tetra-arylmethanes was efficiently prepared with good to excellent yields in the presence of Mg turnings via a one-pot procedure. Significantly, this method provides a general approach for the synthesis of polyfluorinated polyarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Qiyou Cen
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Ren
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
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18
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Yadav P, Bhalla A. Recent Advances in Green Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines of Medicinal Impact (2018‐Present). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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19
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Figula BC, Chen TA, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Methylation via Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C. Figula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ting-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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20
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Zheng C, Yan F, Liu Y, Chen R, Zheng K, Xiao H, Li XX, Feng YS, Fan S. Regioselective Alkylpolyfluoroarylation of Styrenes by Copper-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H and C(sp 2)-H Double Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5462-5467. [PMID: 35849845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative dicarbofunctionalization of vinyl arenes with polyfluoroarenes and unactivated alkanes enabled by copper catalysis has been accomplished under mild conditions. This transformation provides a regioselective route to highly functionalized polyfluoroaryl compounds that occur as structural scaffolds in a variety of pharmaceuticals and materials. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the carbon-based radical and copper intermediate are involved in the reaction, and the reaction pathway is dominated by the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Fangpei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Yaomei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Kaiting Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Yi-Si Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Jiang HM, Sun Q, Jiang JP, Qin JH, Ouyang XH, Song RJ. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative 1,2‐Alkylarylation of Styrenes with Unactivated C(sp3)‐H Alkanes and Electron‐Rich Aromatics via C(sp3)‐H/C(sp2)‐H Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [PMID: 35965690 PMCID: PMC9364982 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C─H functionalization reactions are playing an increasing role in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer precursors. Radical C─H functionalization reactions, initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and proceeding via open-shell radical intermediates, have been expanding rapidly in recent years. These methods introduce strategic opportunities to functionalize C(sp3)─H bonds. Examples include synthetically useful advances in radical-chain reactivity and biomimetic radical-rebound reactions. A growing number of reactions, however, proceed via "radical relay" whereby HAT generates a diffusible radical that is functionalized by a separate reagent or catalyst. The latter methods provide the basis for versatile C─H cross-coupling methods with diverse partners. In the present review, highlights of recent radical-chain and radical-rebound methods provide context for a survey of emerging radical-relay methods, which greatly expand the scope and utility of intermolecular C(sp3)─H functionalization and cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Hao Z, Peng G, Wang L, Li X, Liu Y, Xu C, Niu K, Ding H, Hu J, Zhang L, Dong B, Zhang H, Zhu J, Chi L. Converting n-Alkanol to Conjugated Polyenal on Cu(110) Surface at Mild Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3276-3282. [PMID: 35389642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving C(sp3)-H activation at a mild temperature is of great importance from both scientific and technologic points of view. Herein, on the basis of the on-surface synthesis strategy, we report the significant reduction of the C(sp3)-H activation barrier, which results in the full C(sp3)-H to C(sp2)-H transformation of n-alkanol (octacosan-1-ol) at a mild temperature as low as 350 K on the Cu(110) surface, yielding the conjugated polyenal (octacosa-tridecaenal) as the final product. The reaction mechanism is revealed by the combined scanning tunneling microscope, density functional theory, and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guyue Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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24
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25
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Liang Y, Niu L, Liang X, Wang S, Wang P, Lei A. Electrooxidation‐Induced
C(sp
3
)‐H/ C(sp
2
)‐H
Radical‐Radical
Cross‐coupling between Xanthanes and Electron‐rich Arenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xing‐An Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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26
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He Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115497. [PMID: 35014163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous nature and ready synthesis of amides, and the great significance of organofluorine-containing species, the cross-coupling of amides and polyfluoroarenes, leading to new carbon-carbon bond-forming methodologies, would find useful applications in synthesis, late-stage functionalization, and rapid generation of molecular diversity. Herein, we present a novel synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines via Sm/SmI2 -mediated deoxygenative cross-coupling of aromatic amides with polyfluoroarenes through direct C-H functionalization. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, a novel plausible mechanism of the α-aminocarbene-mediated C-H insertion has been revealed, which may stimulate future work for the development of novel methods in amine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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27
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Zhang Z, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-catalyzed radical relay in C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1640-1658. [PMID: 35142305 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical-involved transition metal (TM) catalysis has greatly enabled new reactivities in recent decades. Copper-catalyzed radical relay offers enormous potential in C(sp3)-H functionalization which combines the unique regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the versatility of copper-catalyzed cross-coupling. More importantly, significant progress has been achieved in asymmetric C-H functionalization through judicious ligand design. This tutorial review will highlight the recent advances in this rapidly growing area, and we hope this survey will inspire future strategic developments for selective C(sp3)-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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28
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He Y, Wang Y, Li S, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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29
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Khalili D, Roosta M, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Ebrahimi E. From methylarenes to Esters: Efficient oxidative Csp3-H activation promoted by CuO decorated magnetic reduced graphene oxide. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00728b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reduced graphene oxide supported CuO (rGO/Fe3O4-CuO) as the heterogeneous catalyst in cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions has been demonstrated for the synthesis of esters using methyl aromatics, aldehydes/benzyl alcohols...
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30
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Xu J, Cai H, Shen J, Shen C, Wu J, Zhang P, Liu X. Photo-Induced Cross-Dehydrogenative Alkylation of Heteroarenes with Alkanes under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17816-17832. [PMID: 34875167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a Minisci-type cross-dehydrogenative alkylation in an aerobic atmosphere using abundant and inexpensive cerium chloride as a photocatalyst and air as an oxidant. This photoreaction exhibits excellent tolerance to functional groups and is suitable for both heteroarene and alkane substrates under mild conditions, generating the corresponding products in moderate-to-good yields. Our method provides an alternative approach for the late-stage functionalization of valuable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Cai
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
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31
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Kudashev A, Baudoin O. Site-Selective Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Arylation of Heteroaromatic Ketones. Chemistry 2021; 27:17688-17694. [PMID: 34761844 PMCID: PMC9299137 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-controlled site-selective C(sp3 )-H arylation of heteroaromatic ketones has been developed using Pd catalysis. The reaction occurred selectively at the α- or β-position of the ketone side-chain. The switch from α- to β-arylation was realized by addition of a pyridone ligand. The α-arylation process showed broad scope and high site- and chemoselectivity, whereas the β-arylation was more limited. Mechanistic investigations suggested that α-arylation occurs through C-H activation/oxidative addition/reductive elimination whereas β-arylation involves desaturation and aryl insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kudashev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 19CH-4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 19CH-4056BaselSwitzerland
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32
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Khatua M, Goswami B, Kamal, Samanta S. Azide-Alkyne "Click" Reaction in Water Using Parts-Per-Million Amine-Functionalized Azoaromatic Cu(I) Complex as Catalyst: Effect of the Amine Side Arm. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17537-17554. [PMID: 34806366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes, 1-4 and 6, were synthesized through a reaction of amine-functionalized pincer-like ligands, HL1,2, La,b, and a bidentate ligand L1 with CuCl2·2H2O. The chemical reduction of complex 1 using 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate resulted in a dimeric Cu(I) complex 5 in excellent yield. All of the complexes, 1-6, were thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical characterization techniques, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, and density functional theory calculations. Ligands HL1,2 and La,b behaved as tridentated donors by the coordination of the amine side arm in their respective Cu(II) complexes, and the amine side arm remained as a pendant in Cu(I) complexes. All of these complexes (1-6) were explored for copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction at room temperature in water under air. Complex 5 directly served as an active catalyst; however, complexes 1-4 and 6 required 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate to generate their corresponding active Cu(I) catalyst. It has been observed that azo-based ligand-containing Cu(I)-complexes are air-stable and were highly efficient for the CuAAC reaction. The amine side arm in the ligand backbone has a dramatic role in accelerating the reaction rate. Mechanistic investigations showed that the alkyne C-H deprotonation was the rate-limiting step and the pendant amine side arm intramolecularly served as a base for Cu-coordinated alkyne deprotonation, leading to the azide-alkyne 2 + 3 cycloaddition reaction. Thus, variation of the amine side arm in complexes 1-4 and use of the most basic diisopropyl amine moiety in complex 4 has resulted in an unique amine-functionalized azoaromatic Cu(I) system for CuAAC reaction upon sodium l-ascorbate reduction. The complex 4 has shown excellent catalysis at its low parts-per-million level loading in water. The catalytic protocol was versatile and exhibited very good functional group tolerance. It was also employed efficiently to synthesize a number of useful functional triazoles having medicinal, catalytic, and targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Bappaditya Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
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33
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Yi X, Mao R, Lavrencic L, Hu X. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic N‐hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluoroaryl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Runze Mao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lara Lavrencic
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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34
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Yi X, Mao R, Lavrencic L, Hu X. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic N-hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluoroaryl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23557-23563. [PMID: 34469039 PMCID: PMC8596744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes are an important class of compounds in medical and material chemistry. The synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes remains challenging. Here we describe a decarboxylative coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with polyfluoroaryl zinc reagents (Zn-ArF ) via synergetic photoredox and copper catalysis. This method readily converts primary and secondary alkyl carboxylic acids into the corresponding polyfluoroaryl compounds, which could have a wide range of F-content (2F-5F) and variable F-substitution patterns on the aryl groups. Broad scope and good functional group compatibility were achieved, including on substrates derived from natural products and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic study revealed that a [Cu-(ArF )2 ] species could be responsible for the transfer of polyfluoroaryl groups to the alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Runze Mao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lara Lavrencic
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
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35
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Pulcinella A, Mazzarella D, Noël T. Homogeneous catalytic C(sp 3)-H functionalization of gaseous alkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9956-9967. [PMID: 34495026 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of light alkanes into bulk chemicals is becoming an important challenge as it effectively avoids the use of prefunctionalized alkylating reagents. The implementation of such processes is, however, hampered by their gaseous nature and low solubility, as well as the low reactivity of the C-H bonds. Efforts have been made to enable both polar and radical processes to activate these inert compounds. In addition, these methodologies also benefit significantly from the development of a suitable reactor technology that intensifies gas-liquid mass transfer. In this review, we critically highlight these developments, both from a conceptual and a practical point of view. The recent expansion of these mechanistically-different methods have enabled the use of various gaseous alkanes for the development of different bond-forming reactions, including C-C, C-B, C-N, C-Si and C-S bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Ide T, Feng K, Dixon CF, Teng D, Clark JR, Han W, Wendell CI, Koch V, White MC. Late-Stage Intermolecular Allylic C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14969-14975. [PMID: 34514799 PMCID: PMC8961995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Allylic amination enables late-stage functionalization of natural products where allylic C-H bonds are abundant and introduction of nitrogen may alter biological profiles. Despite advances, intermolecular allylic amination remains a challenging problem due to reactivity and selectivity issues that often mandate excess substrate, furnish product mixtures, and render important classes of olefins (for example, functionalized cyclic) not viable substrates. Here we report that a sustainable manganese perchlorophthalocyanine catalyst, [MnIII(ClPc)], achieves selective, preparative intermolecular allylic C-H amination of 32 cyclic and linear compounds, including ones housing basic amines and competing sites for allylic, ethereal, and benzylic amination. Mechanistic studies support that the high selectivity of [MnIII(ClPc)] may be attributed to its electrophilic, bulky nature and stepwise amination mechanism. Late-stage amination is demonstrated on five distinct classes of natural products, generally with >20:1 site-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ide
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kaibo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charlie F Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dawei Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chloe I Wendell
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vanessa Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - M Christina White
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Carvalho RL, de Miranda AS, Nunes MP, Gomes RS, Jardim GAM, Júnior ENDS. On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1849-1938. [PMID: 34386103 PMCID: PMC8329403 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several valuable biologically active molecules can be obtained through C-H activation processes. However, the use of expensive and not readily accessible catalysts complicates the process of pharmacological application of these compounds. A plausible way to overcome this issue is developing and using cheaper, more accessible, and equally effective catalysts. First-row transition (3d) metals have shown to be important catalysts in this matter. This review summarizes the use of 3d metal catalysts in C-H activation processes to obtain potentially (or proved) biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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38
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10557-10562. [PMID: 33481305 PMCID: PMC8252513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes are useful building blocks in several areas such as drug discovery, materials, and crop protection. Herein, we report the first polyfluoroarylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids via photoredox decarboxylation. The method proceeds with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, small complex molecules such as natural products and drugs can be modified by late-stage modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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39
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Kanyiva KS, Uchida K, Shibata T. Silver-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Sulfonylation for the Synthesis of Benzyl Sulfones Using Toluene Derivatives and α-Amino Acid Sulfonamides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center of Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kanako Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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40
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Liu HC, Li Y, Gong XP, Niu ZJ, Wang YZ, Li M, Shi WY, Zhang Z, Liang YM. Cu-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes via Remote C(sp 3)-H Functionalization in Carboxamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:2693-2698. [PMID: 33739843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N-fluorocarboxamides with polyfluoroarenes forming C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds enabled by copper catalysis has been accomplished. N-Fluorocarboxamides are postulated to undergo copper-mediated dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction with electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes via a radical pathway. Benzylic C-H bonds and aliphatic C-H bonds in N-fluorocarboxamides could proceed smoothly and demonstrated excellent regioselectivity. The detailed mechanism presented is supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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41
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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42
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43
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Yang Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Cao F, Shi T, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Copper Promoted Inert C(sp3)–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Trouvé J, Gramage-Doria R. Beyond hydrogen bonding: recent trends of outer sphere interactions in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3565-3584. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of interactions beyond hydrogen bonding in the 2nd coordination sphere of transition metal catalysts is rare. However, it has already shown great promise in last 5 years, providing new tools to control the activity and selectivity as here reviewed.
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45
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Panferova LI, Zubkov MO, Kokorekin VA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Using the Thiyl Radical for Aliphatic Hydrogen-Atom Transfer: Thiolation of Unactivated C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2849-2854. [PMID: 33146419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A metal- and catalyst-free thiyl-radical-mediated activation of alkanes is described. Tetrafluoropyridinyl disulfide is used to perform thiolation of the C-H bonds under irradiation with 400 nm light-emitting diodes. The key C-H activation step is believed to proceed via hydrogen-atom abstraction effected by the fluorinated thiyl radical. Secondary, tertiary, and heteroatom-substituted C-H bonds can be involved in the thiolation reaction. The resulting sulfides have wide potential as photoredox-active radical precursors in reactions with alkenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I Panferova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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46
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Panferova LI, Zubkov MO, Kokorekin VA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Using the Thiyl Radical for Aliphatic Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer: Thiolation of Unactivated C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I. Panferova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail O. Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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47
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Xie W, Kim D, Chang S. Copper-Catalyzed Formal Dehydrogenative Coupling of Carbonyls with Polyfluoroarenes Leading to β-C-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20588-20593. [PMID: 33237759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We herein communicate a formal dehydrogenative coupling of carbonyls with polyfluoroarenes enabled by Cu catalysis. Silyl enol ethers initially prepared from carbonyls are postulated to undergo the copper-mediated oxidative dehydrogenative coupling with polyfluoroarenes via a radical pathway. Including cyclic and linear ketones, aldehydes, and esters, a broad range of β-aryl carbonyl products were efficiently obtained in high regio- and stereoselectivity with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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48
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Lin H, Wang Z, Wang H, Gao J, Ding H, Xu Y, Li Q, Guo Q, Ma Z, Yang X, Pan M. In Situ Observation of Stepwise C-H Bond Scission: Deciphering the Catalytic Selectivity of Ethylbenzene-to-Styrene Conversion on TiO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9850-9855. [PMID: 33170716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of light alkanes to olefins is crucial to the chemical industry. The quest for improved catalytic performance for this conversion is motivated by current drawbacks including: expensive noble metal catalysts, poor conversion, low selectivity, and fast decay of efficiency. The in situ visualization of complex catalysis at the atomic level is therefore a major advance in the rational framework upon building the future catalysts. Herein, the catalytic C-H bond activations of ethylbenzene on TiO2(110)-(1 × 1) were explored with high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. We report that the first C-H bond scission is a two-step process that can be triggered by either heat or ultraviolet light at 80 K, with near 100% selectivity of β-CH bond cleavage. This work provides fundamental understanding of C-H bonds cleavage of ethylbenzene on metal oxides, and it may promote the design of new catalysts for selective styrene production under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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49
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Mears KL, Stennett CR, Taskinen EK, Knapp CE, Carmalt CJ, Tuononen HM, Power PP. Molecular Complexes Featuring Unsupported Dispersion-Enhanced Aluminum-Copper and Gallium-Copper Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19874-19878. [PMID: 33170691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the copper(I) β-diketiminate copper complex {(Cu(BDIMes))2(μ-C6H6)} (BDIMes = N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pentane-2,4-diiminate) with the low-valent group 13 metal β-diketiminates M(BDIDip) (M = Al or Ga; BDIDip = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pentane-2,4-diiminate) in toluene afforded the complexes {(BDIMes)CuAl(BDIDip)} and {(BDIMes)CuGa(BDIDip)}. These feature unsupported copper-aluminum or copper-gallium bonds with short metal-metal distances, Cu-Al = 2.3010(6) Å and Cu-Ga = 2.2916(5) Å. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that approximately half of the calculated association enthalpies can be attributed to London dispersion forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian L Mears
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elina K Taskinen
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Caroline E Knapp
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Carmalt
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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50
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Kim J, Kim D, Chang S. Merging Two Functions in a Single Rh Catalyst System: Bimodular Conjugate for Light-Induced Oxidative Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19052-19057. [PMID: 33124802 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A single molecular rhodium catalyst system (PC2-Cp#RhIII) bearing two functional domains for both photosensitization and C-H carbometalation was designed to enable an intramolecular redox process. The hypothesized charge-transfer species (PC2•--Cp#RhIV) was characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. This photoinduced internal oxidation allows a facile access to the triplet state of the key post-transmetalation intermediate that readily undergoes C-C bond-forming reductive elimination with a lower activation barrier than in its singlet state, thus enabling catalytic C-H arylation and methylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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