1
|
Hamblin RL, Zhang Z, DuBay KH. Characteristic System Time Scales Can Influence the Collective Sequence Development of Nematically Ordered Copolymers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:9984-9998. [PMID: 39552814 PMCID: PMC11562797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
The sequence of copolymers is of significant importance to their material properties, yet controlling the copolymer sequence remains a challenge. Previously, we have shown that polymer chains with sufficient stiffness and intermolecular attractions can undergo an emergent, polymerization-driven nematic alignment of nascent oligomers during a step-growth polymerization process. Both the extent of alignment and the point in the reaction at which it occurs impact the kinetics and the sequence development of the growing polymer. Of particular interest is the emergence of a characteristic block length in the ensemble of sequences, resulting in unusually peaked block length distributions. Here we explore the emergence of this characteristic block length over time and investigate how changes in activation energy, solution viscosity, and monomer density influence the sequence and block length distributions of stiff copolymers undergoing step-growth polymerization. We find that emergent aggregation and nematic ordering restrict the availability of longer chains to form bonds, thereby altering the propensity of chains to react in a length dependent fashion, which changes as the reaction progresses, and promoting the formation of chains and blocks of a characteristic length. Further, we demonstrate that the characteristic length scale which emerges is sensitive to the relative time scales of reaction kinetics and reactant diffusion, shifting in response to changes in the activation energy of the reaction and the viscosity of the solvent. Our observations suggest the potential for biasing characteristic lengths of sequence repeats in stiff and semiflexible copolymer systems by targeting specific nonbonded interactions and reaction kinetics through the informed adjustment of reaction conditions and the selection or chemical modification of monomer species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Hamblin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kateri H. DuBay
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akita R, Matsuoka SI. Highly Tolerant Living/Controlled Anionic Polymerization of Dialkyl Acrylamides Enabled by Zinc Triflate/Phosphine Lewis Pair. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1272-1278. [PMID: 39283320 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
Living polymerizations of polar vinyl monomers have been successful for decades. However, they still suffer the following challenges: fast propagation, air-moisture tolerance, and negligible side reactions even at elevated temperatures. Here, we developed an unprecedented polymerization that overcomes these limitations using a Lewis pair catalyst. The anionic polymerization of dialkyl acrylamides proceeded in a living/controlled matter using Zn(OTf)2/PPh3 within a wide temperature range of 25-100 °C for short times (1-10 min) even under open-air conditions. The recovery and reuse of Zn(OTf)2 without loss of polymerization activity were observed to be possible. The polymerization was retarded by excess Zn(OTf)2, the additive methanol, and water, indicating equilibriums of the propagating species with them. The putative propagating zinc triflate-ate complex was tolerant to the protic additives and significantly selective for the propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riki Akita
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y. Topology Controlled All-(Meth)acrylic Thermoplastic Elastomers by Multi-Functional Lewis Pairs-Mediated Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401265. [PMID: 38390752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
It remains challenging to synthesize all-(meth)acrylic triblock thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), due to the drastically different reactivities between the acrylates and methacrylates and inevitable occurrence of side reactions during polymerization of acrylates. By taking advantage of the easy structural modulation features of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), we design and synthesize strong nucleophilic tetraphenylethylene-based NHOs varying in the number (i.e. mono-, dual- and tetra-) of initiating functional groups. Its combination with bulky organoaluminum [iBuAl(BHT)2] (BHT=bis(2,6-di-tBu-4-methylphenoxy)) constructs Lewis pair (LP) to realize the living polymerization of both acrylates and methacrylates, furnishing polyacrylates with ultrahigh molecular weight (Mn up to 2174 kg ⋅ mol-1) within 4 min. Moreover, these NHO-based LPs enable us to not only realize the control over the polymers' topology (i.e. linear and star), but also achieve triblock star copolymers in one-step manner. Mechanical studies reveal that the star triblock TPEs exhibit better mechanical properties (elongation at break up to 1863 % and tensile strength up to 19.1 MPa) in comparison with the linear analogs. Moreover, the presence of tetraphenylethylene group in the NHOs entitled the triblock TPEs with excellent AIE properties in both solution and solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China, 100013
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clarke RW, Caputo MR, Polo Fonseca L, McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Franklin KA, Müller AJ, Chen EYX. Cyclic and Linear Tetrablock Copolymers Synthesized at Speed and Scale by Lewis Pair Polymerization of a One-Pot (Meth)acrylic Mixture and Characterized at Multiple Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4930-4941. [PMID: 38346332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic block copolymers (cBCP) are fundamentally intriguing materials, but their synthetic challenges that demand precision in controlling both the monomer sequence and polymer topology limit access to AB and ABC block architectures. Here, we show that cyclic ABAB tetra-BCPs (cABAB) and their linear counterpart (lABAB) can be readily obtained at a speed and scale from one-pot (meth)acrylic monomer mixtures, through coupling the Lewis pair polymerization's unique compounded-sequence control with its precision in topology control. This approach achieves fast (<15 min) and quantitative (>99%) conversion to tetra-BCPs of predesignated linear or cyclic topology at scale (40 g) in a one-pot procedure, precluding the needs for repeated chain extensions, stoichiometric addition steps, dilute conditions, and postsynthetic modifications, and/or postsynthetic ring-closure steps. The resulting lABAB and cABAB have essentially identical molecular weights (Mn = 165-168 kg mol-1) and block degrees/symmetry, allowing for direct behavioral comparisons in solution (hydrodynamic volume, intrinsic viscosity, elution time, and refractive indices), bulk (thermal transitions), and film (thermomechanical and rheometric properties and X-ray scattering patterns) states. To further the morphological characterizations, allylic side-chain functionality is exploited via the thiol-ene click chemistry to install crystalline octadecane side chains and promote phase separation between the A and B blocks, allowing visualization of microdomain formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Lucas Polo Fonseca
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kevin A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Blosch SE, Volokhova AS, Crater ER, Gallin CF, Moore RB, Matson JB, Byers JA. Using Redox-Switchable Polymerization Catalysis to Synthesize a Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317699. [PMID: 38168073 PMCID: PMC10873474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize chemically recyclable thermoplastic elastomers, a redox-switchable catalytic system was developed to synthesize triblock copolymers containing stiff poly(lactic acid) (PLA) end blocks and a flexible poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-cyclohexene oxide) (poly(THF-co-CHO) copolymer as the mid-block. The orthogonal reactivity induced by changing the oxidation state of the iron-based catalyst enabled the synthesis of the triblock copolymers in a single reaction flask from a mixture of monomers. The triblock copolymers demonstrated improved flexibility compared to poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and thermomechanical properties that resemble thermoplastic elastomers, including a rubbery plateau in the range of -60 to 40 °C. The triblock copolymers containing a higher percentage of THF versus CHO were more flexible, and a blend of triblock copolymers containing PLLA and poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) end-blocks resulted in a stereocomplex that further increased polymer flexibility. Besides the low cost of lactide and THF, the sustainability of this new class of triblock copolymers was also supported by their depolymerization, which was achieved by exposing the copolymers sequentially to FeCl3 and ZnCl2 /PEG under reactive distillation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sarah E Blosch
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anastasia S Volokhova
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Erin R Crater
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Connor F Gallin
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Y, He J, Zhang Y, Gilsdorf RA, Chen EYX. Recyclable cyclic bio-based acrylic polymer via pairwise monomer enchainment by a trifunctional Lewis pair. Nat Chem 2023; 15:366-376. [PMID: 36443531 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The existing catalyst/initiator systems and methodologies used for the synthesis of polymers can access only a few cyclic polymers composed entirely of a single monomer type, and the synthesis of such authentic cyclic polar vinyl polymers (acrylics) devoid of any foreign motifs remains a challenge. Here we report that a tethered B-P-B trifunctional, intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair catalyst enables the synthesis of an authentic cyclic acrylic polymer, cyclic poly(γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (c-PMMBL), from the bio-based monomer MMBL. Detailed studies have revealed an initiation and propagation mechanism through pairwise monomer enchainment enabled by the cooperative and synergistic initiator/catalyst sites of the trifunctional catalyst. We propose that macrocyclic intermediates and transition states comprising two catalyst molecules are involved in the catalyst-regulated ring expansion and eventual cyclization, forming authentic c-PMMBL rings and concurrently regenerating the catalyst. The cyclic topology of the c-PMMBL polymers imparts an ~50 °C higher onset decomposition temperature and a much narrower degradation window compared with their linear counterparts of similar molecular weight and dispersity, while maintaining high chemical recyclability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Reid A Gilsdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan Y, He J, Zhang Y. An Arbitrarily Regulated Monomer Sequence in Multi-Block Copolymer Synthesis by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218248. [PMID: 36577704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid access to sequence-controlled multi-block copolymers (multi-BCPs) remains as a challenging task in the polymer synthesis. Here we employ a Lewis pair (LP) composed of organophosphorus superbase and bulky organoaluminum to effectively copolymerize the mixture of methacrylate, cyclic acrylate, and two acrylates, into well-defined di-, tri-, tetra- and even a hepta-BCP in one-pot one-step manner. The combined livingness, dual-initiation and CSC feature of Lewis pair polymerization enable us to achieve not only a trihexaconta-BCP with the highest record in 8 steps by using four-component monomer mixture as building blocks, but also the arbitrarily-regulated monomer sequence in multi-BCP, simply by changing the composition and adding order of the monomer mixtures, thus demonstrating the powerful capability of our strategy in improving the efficiency and enriching the composition of multi-BCP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reilly LT, McGraw ML, Eckstrom FD, Clarke RW, Franklin KA, Chokkapu ER, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EYX. Compounded Interplay of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control over Comonomer Sequences by Lewis Pair Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23572-23584. [PMID: 36521036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of facile synthetic routes to well-defined block copolymers (BCPs) from direct polymerization of one-pot comonomer mixtures, rather than traditional sequential additions, is both fundamentally and technologically important. Such synthetic methodologies often leverage relative monomer reactivity toward propagating species exclusively and therefore are rather limited in monomer scope and control over copolymer structure. The recently developed compounded sequence control (CSC) by Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) utilizes synergistically both thermodynamic (Keq) and kinetic (kp) differentiation to precisely control BCP sequences and suppress tapering and misincorporation errors. Here, we present an in-depth study of CSC by LPP, focusing on the complex interplay of the fundamental Keq and kp parameters, which enable the unique ability of CSC-LPP to precisely control comonomer sequences across a variety of polar vinyl monomer classes. Individual Lewis acid equilibrium and polymerization rate parameters of a range of commercially relevant monomers were experimentally quantified, computationally validated, and rationalized. These values allowed for the judicious design of copolymerizations which probed multiple hypotheses regarding the constructive vs conflicting nature of the relationship between Keq and kp biases, which arise during CSC-LPP of comonomer mixtures. These relationships were thoroughly explored and directly correlated with resultant copolymer microstructures. Several examples of higher-order BCPs are presented, further demonstrating the potential for materials innovation offered by this methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Francesca D Eckstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kevin A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eswara Rao Chokkapu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, 84100 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Tong R. Facile Tandem Copolymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides and Epoxides to Synthesize Functionalized Poly(ester- b-carbonates). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20687-20698. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Sequence-Reversible Construction of Oxygen-Rich Block Copolymers from Epoxide Mixtures by Organoboron Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19896-19909. [PMID: 36256447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis, in combination with epoxide-involved ring-opening (co)polymerization, is a powerful technique that can be used to synthesize various oxygen-rich block copolymers. Despite intense research in this field, the sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide congeners has never been realized due to their similar ring-strain which exerts a decisive influence on the reaction process. Recently, quaternary ammonium (or phosphonium)-containing bifunctional organoboron catalysts have been developed by our group, showing high efficiency for various epoxide conversions. Herein, we, for the first time, report an operationally simple pathway to access well-defined polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers from mixtures of epoxides by switchable catalysis, which was enabled through thermodynamically and kinetically preferential ring-opening of terminal epoxides or internal epoxides under different atmospheres (CO2 or N2) using one representative bifunctional organoboron catalyst. This strategy shows a broad substrate scope as it is suitable for various combinations of terminal epoxides and internal epoxides, delivering corresponding well-defined block copolymers. NMR, MALDI-TOF, and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the successful construction of polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations elucidate the reversible selectivity between different epoxides in the presence/absence of CO2. Moreover, by replacing comonomer CO2 with cyclic anhydride, the well-defined polyether-block-polyester copolymers can also be synthesized. This work provides a rare example of sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide mixtures, broadening the arsenal of switchable catalysis that can produce oxygen-rich polymers in a controlled manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Hui J, Shi M, Kou X, Li X, Zhong R, Li Z. Exploration of the Synergistic Effect in a One-Component Lewis Pair System: Serving as a Dual Initiator and Catalyst in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jiwen Hui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xinhui Kou
- Analyses and Testing Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ronglin Zhong
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Single‐Step Expeditious Synthesis of Diblock Copolymers with Different Morphologies by Lewis Pair Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202448. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Single‐Step Expeditious Synthesis of Diblock Copolymers with Different Morphologies by Lewis Pair Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials. College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Clarke RW, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EY. Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Control in Precision Cyclic Vinyl Polymer Synthesis by Lewis Pair Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116303. [PMID: 35132730 PMCID: PMC9304268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In typical cyclic polymer synthesis via ring-closure, chain growth and cyclization events are competing with each other, thus affording cyclic polymers with uncontrolled molecular weight or ring size and high dispersity. Here we uncover a mechanism by which Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) operates on polar vinyl monomers that allows the control of where and when cyclization takes place, thereby achieving spatial and temporal control to afford precision cyclic vinyl polymers or block copolymers with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity (≈1.03). A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates that cyclization occurs only after all monomers have been consumed (when) via conjugate addition of the propagating chain end to the specific site of the initiating chain end (where), allowing the cyclic polymer formation steps to be regulated and executed with precision in space and time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Liam T. Reilly
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Università di SalernoDipartimento di Chimica e BiologiaVia Papa Paolo Giovanni II84100Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao W, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y. Boron-Based Lewis Pairs Catalyzed Living, Regioselective and Topology-Controlled Polymerization of (E, E)-alkyl Sorbates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200088. [PMID: 35363417 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It remains as a great challenge to realize living and controlled polymerization of renewable monomers by the boron-based Lewis pairs. Here we employ strong nucleophilic N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) or N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as Lewis bases (LBs), and boron-based compounds as Lewis acids (LAs) to construct LPs for polymerization of alkyl sorbates, including (E, E)-methyl sorbate (MS) and (E, E)-ethyl sorbate (ES). Systematic investigation reveal that the combinations of B(C6 F5 )3 with appropriate acidity and steric hindrance, and strong nucleophilic NHOs promote living and controlled polymerization of alkyl sorbates in 100% 1,4-addition manner, furnishing polymers with predicted molecular weight (Mw up to 56.6 kg/mol) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Đ as low as 1.12). Furthermore, topology analysis shows that NHC1/B(C6 F5 )3 LP produced PMS possessing cyclic structure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koyama T, Shimizu A, Matsuoka SI, Suzuki M. Lewis Pair RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylates on-Water: Evidence of Radical Propagation Mechanism. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koyama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Clarke RW, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EY. Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Control in Precision Cyclic Vinyl Polymer Synthesis by Lewis Pair Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Liam T. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Università di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II 84100 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Activation of Small Molecules and Hydrogenation of CO2 Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is widely explored in the activation of small molecules, the hydrogenation of CO2, and unsaturated organic species. A survey of several experimental works on the activation of small molecules by FLPs and the related mechanistic insights into their reactivity from electronic structure theory calculation are provided in the present review, along with the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2. The mechanistic insight into H2 activation is thoroughly discussed, which may provide a guideline to design more efficient FLP for H2 activation. FLPs can activate other small molecules like, CO, NO, CO2, SO2, N2O, alkenes, alkynes, etc. by cooperative action of the Lewis centers of FLPs, as revealed by several computational analyses. The activation barrier of H2 and other small molecules by the FLP can be decreased by utilizing the aromaticity criterion in the FLP as demonstrated by the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) analysis. The term boron-ligand cooperation (BLC), which is analogous to the metal-ligand cooperation (MLC), is invoked to describe a distinct class of reactivity of some specific FLPs towards H2 activation.
Collapse
|
19
|
One‐Step Synthesis of Lignin‐Based Triblock Copolymers as High‐Temperature and UV‐Blocking Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Wan Y, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. One-Step Synthesis of Lignin-Based Triblock Copolymers as High-Temperature and UV-Blocking Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114946. [PMID: 34904337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work utilizes frustrated Lewis pairs consisting of tethered bis-organophosphorus superbases and a bulky organoaluminum to furnish the highly efficient synthesis of well-defined triblock copolymers via one-step block copolymerization of lignin-based syringyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate, through di-initiation and compounded sequence control. The resulting thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) exhibit microphase separation and much superior mechanical properties (elongation at break up to 2091 %, tensile strength up to 11.5 MPa, and elastic recovery up to 95 % after 10 cycles) to those of methyl methacrylate-based TPEs. More impressively, lignin-based tri-BCPs can maintain TPEs properties up to 180 °C, exhibit high transparency and nearly 100 % UV shield, suggesting potential applications in temperature-resistant and optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao W, Li F, Li C, He J, Zhang Y, Chen C. Lewis Pair Catalyzed Regioselective Polymerization of (E,E)-Alkyl Sorbates for the Synthesis of (AB) n Sequenced Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24306-24311. [PMID: 34510679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, Lewis pairs (LPs) composed of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) with different steric hindrance and nucleophilicity as Lewis bases (LBs) and Al-based compounds with comparable acidity but different steric hindrance as Lewis acids (LAs) were applied for 1,4-selective polymerization of (E,E)-methyl sorbate (MS) and (E,E)-ethyl sorbate (ES). The effects of steric hindrance, electron-donating ability, and acidity of LPs on MS and ES polymerization were systematically investigated. High catalytic activity and high initiation efficiency can be achieved, leading to the formation of PMS with 100 % 1,4-selectivity, tunable molecular weight (Mw up to 333 kg mol-1 ), and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). Block copolymerization of ES and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was also realized. Meanwhile, this system can be applied to other homologous conjugated diene substrates. Furthermore, simple chemical reactions can efficiently convert PMS to different polymers with strict (AB)n sequence structures, such as poly(sorbic acid), poly(propylene-alt-methyl acrylate), poly(propylene-alt-acrylic acid), poly(propylene-alt-allyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene-alt-2-butylene).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fukuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Zhou M, Zou J, Liu L, Xiao X, Deng S, Wu Y, Xie J, Cong Z, Ji Z, Liu R. Synthesis of poly-α/β-peptides with tunable sequence via the copolymerization on N-carboxyanhydride and N-thiocarboxyanhydride. iScience 2021; 24:103124. [PMID: 34622171 PMCID: PMC8481979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating functions of proteins and peptides in biological systems have attracted intense interest to explore their mimics using polymers, including polypeptides synthesized from polymerization. The folding, structures and functions of proteins and polypeptides are largely dependent on their sequence. However, sequence-tunable polymerization for polypeptide synthesis is a long-lasting challenge. The application of polypeptides is also greatly hindered by their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Although poly-α/β-peptide has proven to be an effective strategy to address the stability issue, the synthesis of poly-α/β-peptide from polymerization is not available yet. Hereby, we demonstrate a living and controlled copolymerization on α-NCA and β-NTA to prepare sequence-tunable poly-α/β-peptides. This polymerization strategy shows a prominent solvent-driven characteristic, providing random-like copolymers of poly-α/β-peptides in THF and block-like copolymers of poly-α/β-peptides in a mixed solvent of CHCl3/H2O (95/5, v/v), and opens new avenues for sequence-tunable polymerization and enables facile synthesis of proteolysis tunable poly-α/β-peptides for diverse applications. Realizing controlled synthesis of poly-α/β-peptides via one-pot polymerization Sequence-tunable copolymerization via solvent-dependent polymerization kinetics Adjustable proteolytic stability and antibacterial activity of poly-α/β-peptides Tunable self-assembly behavior of poly-α/β-peptides via one-pot polymerization
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingcheng Zou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao W, Li F, Li C, He J, Zhang Y, Chen C. Lewis Pair Catalyzed Regioselective Polymerization of (
E
,
E
)‐Alkyl Sorbates for the Synthesis of (AB)
n
Sequenced Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Fukuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang ZH, Wang X, Wang XJ, Li Y, Hong M. Tris(2,4-difluorophenyl)borane/Triisobutylphosphine Lewis Pair: A Thermostable and Air/Moisture-Tolerant Organic Catalyst for the Living Polymerization of Acrylates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Luo Y, Xu X. Rare-Earth Aryloxide/Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Polymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine and Its Derivatives. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Su
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs: expeditious synthesis of biobased thermoplastic elastomers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4874. [PMID: 34385442 PMCID: PMC8360971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased poly(γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMMBL), an acrylic polymer bearing a cyclic lactone ring, has attracted increasing interest because it not only is biorenewable but also exhibits superior properties to petroleum-based linear analog poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, such property enhancement has been limited to resistance to heat and solvent, and mechanically both types of polymers are equally brittle. Here we report the expeditious synthesis of well-defined PMMBL-based ABA tri-block copolymers (tri-BCPs)-enabled by dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)-which are thermoplastic elastomers showing much superior mechanical properties, especially at high working temperatures (80-130 °C), to those of PMMA-based tri-BCPs. The FLPs consist of a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid and a series of newly designed bis(imino)phosphine superbases bridged by an alkyl linker, which promote living polymerization of MMBL. Uniquely, such bisphosphine superbases initiate the chain growth from both P-sites concurrently, enabling the accelerated synthesis of tri-BCPs in a one-pot, two-step procedure. The results from mechanistic studies, including the single crystal structure of the dually initiated active species, detailed polymerizations, and kinetic studies confirm the livingness of the polymerization and support the proposed polymerization mechanism featuring the dual initiation and subsequent chain growth from both P-sites of the superbase di-initiator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Copolymers incorporated with β-substituted acrylate synthesized by organo-catalyzed group-transfer polymerization. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVarious copolymers incorporated with β-substituted acrylates, such as alkyl crotonates (e.g., methyl crotonate (MC), ethyl crotonate (EC), isopropyl crotonate (iPC), and n-butyl crotonate (nBC)) and methyl cinnamate (MCin), were synthesized by group-transfer polymerization (GTP) using a silicon-based Lewis acid catalyst. In addition to β-substituted acrylates, α-substituted acrylates (e.g., methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA)) were examined as comonomers. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) characterizations of the obtained copolymers revealed that each monomer component was incorporated sufficiently. The thermal stabilities of the resulting copolymers were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), indicating that the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers can be widely varied over a relatively high-temperature range by selecting the optimal comonomer. More specifically, the Tg values of poly(MC-random-EC) (MC/EC molar ratio = 50/50), poly(MC-random-nBC) (MC/nBC molar ratio = 50/50), poly(MC-random-MCin) (MC/MCin molar ratio = 54/46), and poly(nBC-random-MCin) (nBC/MCin molar ratio = 56/44) were 173, 130, 216, and 167 °C, respectively.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan X, Wang H. Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis: It Takes Two to Make a Thing Go Right. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University Songhu Road 2005 Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University Songhu Road 2005 Shanghai 200438 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Emmerich A, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Synthesis of Polymers Bearing a Chiral Backbone via Stereospecific Ionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Chiral Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100030. [PMID: 33644943 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stereospecific ionic ring-opening polymerization of various donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is reported. The chiral cyclopropane monomers are readily prepared with established methodology and stereospecific polymerization is best conducted with a catalytic amount of MgBr2 serving as a Lewis acid and as an initiator. Polymers with molecular masses of up to 7800 g mol-1 containing a stereocenter in every repeating unit are obtained and the substituents of the monomers can be readily varied to access a novel class of chiral polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Emmerich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, Münster, 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McGraw ML, Clarke RW, Chen EYX. Synchronous Control of Chain Length/Sequence/Topology for Precision Synthesis of Cyclic Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3318-3322. [PMID: 33641330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision synthesis of cyclic polymers with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity is a challenging task, particularly concerning cyclic polar vinyl polymers through a rapid chain-growth mechanism and without high dilution. Harder yet is the precision synthesis of cyclic block copolymers (cBCPs), ideally from comonomer mixtures. Here we report that Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) capable of thermodynamically and kinetically compounded sequence control successfully addressed this longstanding challenge. Thus, LPP of acrylate/methacrylate mixtures under ambient temperature and normal concentration conditions rapidly and selectively affords well-defined cBCPs with high molecular weight (Mn = 247 kg/mol) and low dispersity (Đ = 1.04) in one step. Such cBCPs have been characterized by multiple techniques, including direct structural observation by imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Wu J, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities of Poly(γ-butyrolactone)-Based Recyclable Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:284-296. [PMID: 35570792 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and prosperous growth of synthetic polymers have presented both significant advantages and daunting challenges in the last century. To address the issues of environmental pollution and fossil consumption, recyclable, degradable, and/or biobased polymers have been given much attention in the polymer science community. This viewpoint focuses on the emerging fully chemical recyclable poly(γ-butyrolactone)-based polymers. The breakthrough from nonpolymerizable to efficient polymerization is highlighted by the benefits of the development of a series of catalysis for ring-opening polymerization of γ-butyrolactone. Subsequently, the design of γ-butyrolactone derivatives and synthesis of more recyclable polymers are summarized together with the discussions about the structure and property relationship. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities are suggested in order to provide insights into the further direction for sustainable polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang C, Wu KB, Deng Y, Yuan J, Niu J. Geared Toward Applications: A Perspective on Functional Sequence-Controlled Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:243-257. [PMID: 34336395 PMCID: PMC8320758 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-controlled polymers are an emerging class of synthetic polymers with a regulated sequence of monomers. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis of polymers with the sophisticated sequence control approaching the level manifested in biopolymers. In contrast, the exploration of novel functions that can be achieved by controlling synthetic polymer sequences represents an emerging focus in polymer science. This Viewpoint will survey recent advances in the functional applications of sequence-controlled polymers and provide a perspective on the challenges and outlook for pursuing future applications of this fascinating class of macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cangjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Kevin B. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fouilloux H, Thomas CM. Production and Polymerization of Biobased Acrylates and Analogs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000530. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fouilloux
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Balint A, Naumann S. A comparison of zwitterionic and anionic mechanisms in the dual-catalytic polymerization of lactide. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two different polymerization mechanisms for lactide are selectivity addressed to illuminate the respective role of organobase and Lewis acid component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Balint
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Y, Yin F, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Protecting-group-free synthesis of thiol-functionalized degradable polyesters. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protecting-group-free synthesis of thiol-functionalized degradable polyesters has been developed by using chemoselective catalysis and microflow technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Fan Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y. Living polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes mediated by a frustrated Lewis pair. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The frustrated Lewis pair composed of an organophosphorus(iii) superbase and a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid promoted the living/controlled polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ge F, Li S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Wang X. Controlled and efficient polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by pyridinylidenaminophosphine based Lewis pairs. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing different synthetic approaches to realize controlled or living polymerization is of great interest to polymer chemists to obtain polymers with defined molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and unambiguous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 266071
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Sun Li
- Chinese–German Faculty for Engineering
- 266426
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chinese–German Faculty for Engineering
- 266426
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | | | - Xiaowu Wang
- Chinese–German Faculty for Engineering
- 266426
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang X, Hong M. Precise Control of Molecular Weight and Stereospecificity in Lewis Pair Polymerization of Semifluorinated Methacrylates: Mechanistic Studies and Stereocomplex Formation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Z, Zhang X, Liang H, Xian M, Wang X. Binuclear aluminum Lewis acid and its behavior in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic organoaluminum vs. monomeric organoaluminum in Lewis pair catalysed MMA and nBA polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hongwen Liang
- China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation
- Baling Branch
- Yueyang
- China
| | - Mo Xian
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao Y, Luo G, Xu X, Hou Z, Luo Y. A computational study of the reactivity of rare-earth/phosphorus Lewis pairs toward polymerization of conjugated polar alkenes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by rare-earth/phosphorus (RE/P) Lewis pairs has been systematically studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| |
Collapse
|