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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Toyota Y, Sagawa M, Yamashita S, Okayasu Y, Nagai Y, Okada Y, Kobayashi Y. Effect of the bulkiness of alkyl ligands on the excited-state dynamics of ZnO nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2796-2803. [PMID: 38234874 PMCID: PMC10792356 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05166h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic ligands on the surface of nanocrystals (NCs) are extremely important in influencing various physical properties, such as dispersibility, electrical properties, and optical properties. Recent studies have revealed that a slight difference in the molecular structure of aliphatic organic ligands significantly affects the dispersibility of the NCs. On the other hand, the effects of the difference in the molecular structure of ligands on the excited-state dynamics of NCs remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized a series of colloidal ZnO NCs capped with different alkyl phosphonic acids and investigated their photophysical properties using emission decay measurements and transient absorption spectroscopy. The spectral shape and lifetime of the emission originating from the surface oxygen defects of ZnO NCs are almost the same irrespective of the alkyl phosphonic ligands used, indicating that the electronic states of the surface oxygen defects are not affected by the bulkiness of the ligand. On the other hand, the emission quantum yield correlates with the rate of carrier trapping by oxygen defects, suggesting that the rate of carrier trapping reflects the number of oxygen defects. Revealing the detailed relationship between molecular structures of organic ligands and the optical properties of NCs is important for advanced photofunctional superstructures using semiconductor NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Toyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan +81-77-561-3915
| | - Masahiko Sagawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan +81-77-561-3915
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan +81-77-561-3915
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan +81-77-561-3915
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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3
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Seri T, Okayasu Y, Nagai Y, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Unraveling Steric Effects on Ultrafast Bond-Dissociation Processes of Photochromic Radical Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11474-11479. [PMID: 38085931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic reactions of the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC), which is one of the rate-tunable fast T-type photoswitches, dramatically change by the introduction of bulky substituents around the photochromic units. While these substituents are expected to affect the initial bond dissociation processes, they have not been elucidated yet. Here, we revealed the ultrafast bond dissociation processes of PIC derivatives with different bulky substituents by subpicosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We revealed that the bulky substituents around the photochromic units decelerate the bond dissociation processes, whereas they largely accelerate the thermal back reactions of the photogenerated open-ring isomer. Moreover, we found clear correlations between the formation kinetics of the open-ring isomer and molecular structural changes. The initial bond-dissociation process dictates the products and the efficiency of photochromic reactions. Therefore, revealing these processes is important not only for fundamental photochemistry but also for optimizing photochromic properties for advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Seri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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4
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Triphenylamine, Carbazole or Tetraphenylethylene-Functionalized Benzothiadiazole Derivatives: Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), Solvatochromic and Different Mechanoresponsive Fluorescence Characteristics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154740. [PMID: 35897916 PMCID: PMC9331885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of mechanochromic fluorophors with high-brightness, solid-state fluorescence is very significant and challenging. Herein, highly solid-state emissive triphenylamine, carbazole and tetraphenylethylene-functionalized benzothiadiazole derivatives were developed. These compounds showed remarkable aggregation-induced emission and solvatochromic fluorescence characteristics. Furthermore, these fluorogenic compounds also displayed different mechanically triggering fluorescence responses.
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Li Q, Wei W, Xue Z, Mu Y, Pan J, Hu J, Wang G. Achieving an electron transfer photochromic complex for switchable white-light emission. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kawanishi Y, Segawa Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. A photochromic carbazolyl-imidazolyl radical complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4997-5000. [PMID: 35362498 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbazole-incorporated photochromic radical complex is synthesized. The long-wavelength photosensitivity of the photochromic reaction of the molecule is enhanced up to ∼580 nm by substituting a triphenylamine group into the 3-position of the carbazole moiety. These photochromic reactions are investigated by subpicosecond-to-microsecond transient absorption measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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7
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Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Recent advances in low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2397-2415. [PMID: 35262107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent nonlinear photophysical and photochemical processes based on stepwise two-photon absorption (2PA) processes have been recently used in materials science owing to their unique photoresponses beyond one-photon processes and lower power thresholds to induce the processes than those of coherent nonlinear optical processes. Among them, nonlinear photochromic materials have received considerable attention because they exhibit unconventional photoresponses compared with other incoherent nonlinear processes such as low-power-threshold nonlinear photoresponses with unimolecular systems, gated photochemical reactions and oxygen-insensitive nonlinear photoresponses. Nonlinear photochromic materials are important not only for colorimetric materials, but also for emergent materials that can enrich the next-generation society such as dynamic holographic materials, which are promising for three-dimensional displays. In this tutorial review, we introduce low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials using stepwise 2PA processes. First, we explain the fundamental concepts of photochemistry as well as photochromic reactions. We attempt to provide an intuitive understanding of incoherent nonlinear optical processes using these fundamental concepts. Then, we introduce several recent examples and potential applications of nonlinear photochromic materials. This tutorial review is important for understanding the scientific progress related to these fields and provides a simple unified picture of the incoherent nonlinear optical properties of different types of photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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8
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Sato R, Okajima H, Sugiura S, Haketa Y, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H, Sakamoto A, Maeda H, Kobayashi Y. Excited-state dynamics of dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1685-1691. [PMID: 34982076 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anion-responsive photofunctional materials have been extensively studied because anions are important for biotic activity and constitute the building blocks of elegant supramolecular architectures. A number of fluorescent anion receptors that can probe anions in their environments have been reported, but the excited states of many of these molecules remain elusive. Studies on excited-state dynamics provide fruitful information for optimizing the emission properties, minimizing the photodegradation and photorelease of anions, and exploring novel photofunctions. In this study, we investigated the excited-state dynamics of an aryl-substituted dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complex, a π-conjugated anion receptor, by time-resolved visible and infrared absorption spectroscopy and emission decay measurements combined with quantum chemical calculations. Anion binding was found to alter the radiative and nonradiative rate constants and the excited-state absorption of the anion receptor. In contrast, the molecular structures and binding abilities were similar in the S0 and S1 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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9
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Li Z, Zhang JR, Tian XK, Yang S, Chen S, Zhou H, Yang XG. Green-/NIR-Light-Controlled Rapid Photochromism Featuring Reversible Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Photoelectronic Switching. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9381-9386. [PMID: 36093018 PMCID: PMC9383870 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dithienylethene based photochromic materials have been attracting considerable attention owing to their wide applications in biological and material sciences. However, limitations of detrimental UV irradiation for photocyclization, short emission...
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Rui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ke Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Shuren Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
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10
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Kuang X, Meng L, Lu CZ. Unveiling electron transfer in a supramolecular aggregate for adaptive and autonomous photochromic response. iScience 2021; 24:102956. [PMID: 34458704 PMCID: PMC8379699 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactive and responsive materials are dynamic molecular systems that are capable of modulating their behavior and adapting to environment autonomously. Photochromic materials are among the fascinating class of dynamic responsive systems and widely used in molecular switches and optoelectronic devices. However, the phototriggered color changing largely relies on the conformation transformation of the photochromic motif, which significantly limited their usage in organic liquid solutions. Herein, we demonstrate a photochromic organic supramolecular system by using electron-rich N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and electron-deficient naphthalenediimide (NDI) as a donor and acceptor, respectively. In the binary system, the photo-induced electron transfer through lone pair···π interactions pathway leads to dynamic photochromic response not only in the solution but also in the crystalline aggregated state. Furthermore, by incorporating the supramolecules in the polymer matrix, the transparent polymeric film also exhibits rapid photochromic response, which makes it a promisingly interactive and adaptive photochromic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Kuang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Sanada Y, Yoshioka D, Kobayashi Y. Origin of the Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Photochromic Reaction of Cu-Doped ZnS Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8129-8133. [PMID: 34410144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the color fading process of thermally reversible photochromic reactions is one of the most important challenges for their industrial applications. Generally, photochromic reactions of organic molecules have a strong temperature dependence due to the occurrence of large conformational changes during the reactions. In contrast, we recently reported that the photochromic reaction of Cu-doped ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) exhibits a very small temperature dependence around room temperature. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clarified yet. Here, we reveal that the anomalous temperature dependence of Cu-doped ZnS NCs originates from the balance between the temperature dependence of the charge recombination and that of the adsorption/desorption of water molecules on the surface of the NCs, which act as hole acceptors. Exploring temperature-insensitive photochromic reactions is important not only for gaining fundamental insight into nanomaterials but also for developing novel photochromic materials for outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sanada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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12
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Kayani ABA, Kuriakose S, Monshipouri M, Khalid FA, Walia S, Sriram S, Bhaskaran M. UV Photochromism in Transition Metal Oxides and Hybrid Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100621. [PMID: 34105241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited levels of UV exposure can be beneficial to the human body. However, the UV radiation present in the atmosphere can be damaging if levels of exposure exceed safe limits which depend on the individual the skin color. Hence, UV photochromic materials that respond to UV light by changing their color are powerful tools to sense radiation safety limits. Photochromic materials comprise either organic materials, inorganic transition metal oxides, or a hybrid combination of both. The photochromic behavior largely relies on charge transfer mechanisms and electronic band structures. These factors can be influenced by the structure and morphology, fabrication, composition, hybridization, and preparation of the photochromic materials, among others. Significant challenges are involved in realizing rapid photochromic change, which is repeatable, reversible with low fatigue, and behaving according to the desired application requirements. These challenges also relate to finding the right synergy between the photochromic materials used, the environment it is being used for, and the objectives that need to be achieved. In this review, the principles and applications of photochromic processes for transition metal oxides and hybrid materials, photocatalytic applications, and the outlook in the context of commercialized sensors in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sruthi Kuriakose
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahta Monshipouri
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Kawanishi Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Extending the Lifetimes of Charge Transfer States Generated by Photoinduced Heterolysis of Photochromic Radical Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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