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Abstract
Photochromic molecules that can exhibit multiple states of photochromism in a single photochromic unit are considered more attractive than traditional bistable photochromic molecules because they can offer more versatility and control in photoresponsive systems. We have synthesized a negative photochromic 1-(1-naphthyl)pyrenyl-bridged imidazole dimer (NPy-ImD) that has three different isomers: a colorless isomer, 6MR, a blue-colored isomer, 5MR-B, and a red-colored isomer, 5MR-R. NPy-ImD can interconvert between these isomers via a short-lived transient biradical, BR, upon photoirradiation. 5MR-R is the most stable isomer, and the energy levels of 6MR, 5MR-B, and BR are relatively close to each other. The colored isomers 5MR-R and 5MR-B are photochemically isomerized to 6MR via the short-lived BR upon irradiation with blue light and red light, respectively. The absorption bands of 5MR-R and 5MR-B are well separated by more than 150 nm, with a small overlap, which means they can be selectively excited with different light sources, visible light for 5MR-R and NIR light for 5MR-B. The colorless isomer 6MR is formed from the short-lived BR through a kinetically controlled reaction. 6MR and 5MR-B can then be converted to the more stable isomer 5MR-R through a thermodynamically controlled reaction, which is facilitated by the thermally accessible intermediate, BR. Notably, 5MR-R photoisomerizes to 6MR when irradiated with CW-UV light, whereas it photoisomerizes to 5MR-B by a two-photon process when irradiated with nanosecond UV laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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2
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Mutoh K, Moriyama N, Abe J. Acceleration of the thermal back-reaction and the finding of a non-photochromic isomer for a negative photochromic binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2962-2965. [PMID: 36804593 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of visible or near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive fast photoswitchable molecules for the real-time, non-contact control of physical and chemical properties has received increased attention because of the non-invasive features to materials and biological tissues. We report a new molecular design to accelerate the thermal back-reaction of the negative photochromic binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimer, BN-ImD. We also found that irradiation of the BN-ImD derivative with methyl groups on the bridging binaphthyl unit with visible light produced an unprecedented photoreaction product with a unique eight-membered ring structure. These observations provide fascinating clues for the future development of fast negative photochromic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Natsuho Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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3
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Nishijima M, Mutoh K, Shimada R, Sakamoto A, Abe J. Controlling Diradical Character of Photogenerated Colored Isomers of Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17186-17197. [PMID: 36070476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose a rational method for evaluating the diradical character of the photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) derivatives based on their radical-radical coupling reaction rates. PIC consists of an imidazole ring, a phenoxyl ring, and a bridging unit that structurally connects them. The C-N bond formed between the imidazole and phenoxyl rings can be dissociated photochemically in a homolytic manner. The photochromism of PIC differs significantly from other photochromic molecules in that the transient colored open-ring isomer has a diradical character. The colored open-ring isomer returns promptly to the initial colorless closed-ring isomer by the intramolecular radical recombination reaction. By changing the aromaticity and substitution position of the bridging unit, it is possible to control the degree of contribution of the open-shell diradical and closed-shell quinoidal structures to the open-ring isomer. Systematic investigation of the photochromic reactions of several PIC derivatives revealed that the half-life of the open-ring isomers reflects the diradical character. Thus, the radical recombination reaction rate of the open-ring isomer of the PIC derivatives is an excellent parameter of the diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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4
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Abstract
We report the development of the stepwise photochromic imidazole dimer bridged by a sulfur atom. The one-photon absorption leads to the generation of the colored biradical species, which rapidly recombines to the initial imidazole dimer following first-order reaction kinetics. The further photochemical reaction of the biradical species produces the long-lived colored species, which shows intermolecular dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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5
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Kawanishi Y, Segawa Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. A photochromic carbazolyl-imidazolyl radical complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4997-5000. [PMID: 35362498 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbazole-incorporated photochromic radical complex is synthesized. The long-wavelength photosensitivity of the photochromic reaction of the molecule is enhanced up to ∼580 nm by substituting a triphenylamine group into the 3-position of the carbazole moiety. These photochromic reactions are investigated by subpicosecond-to-microsecond transient absorption measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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6
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Mutoh K, Toshimitsu S, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Dynamic Spin-Spin Interaction Observed as Interconversion of Chemical Bonds in Stepwise Two-Photon Induced Photochromic Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13917-13928. [PMID: 34427084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biradicaloids in π-conjugated organic molecules have been extensively studied in recent years because of the fundamental insights into the chemical bonds and unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Several studies have reported that the spin-spin interactions of biradicaloids with flexible molecular frameworks dynamically evolve correlating with molecular structural changes. Although these dynamic behaviors will provide important insights into the relationship between molecular structures and spin properties, studies on such behaviors have been limited to two-spin systems. Here, we investigated the stepwise photochromic properties of biphotochromic molecules involving multiple spin interactions by double-pulse laser flash photolysis. The one-photon photochromic reaction generates the o-biradical form as the open-closed form, which thermally isomerizes to the o-quinoidal form and reaches the thermal equilibrium state between them. The additional absorption of a photon by the open-closed form leads to the photochromic reaction of the other photochromic unit, resulting in the generation of unpaired spins at the p-position of the central aromatic bridge of the biradical or quinoidal form. Under the situation, while the interaction between the unpaired spins and the o-biradical preferentially produces the p-quinoidal form in which the antiferromagnetic interaction at the p-position is dominant, that between the spins and the o-quinoidal form kinetically produces the bis(o-quinoidal) form followed by the thermal isomerization to the thermodynamically stable p-quinoidal form. These dynamic spin-spin interactions along with the rearrangement of chemical bonds will give a deeper understanding of the singlet biradicaloids and that to bridge organic multiradicals in molecular systems to cooperative spin behaviors in bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Shota Toshimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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8
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Kawanishi Y, Mutoh K, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Extending the Lifetimes of Charge Transfer States Generated by Photoinduced Heterolysis of Photochromic Radical Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kawanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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9
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Abstract
We developed fast photochromic imidazole dimers bridged by group 14 atoms. These compounds reversibly break the C-N bond to generate the colored open-ring biradical form. The colored form thermally reproduces the initial colorless form in the microsecond time scales. Furthermore, the color of the biradical can be easily controlled by the introduction of two different types of the imidazolyl radicals. These results give attractive insights for the further development of fast photochromic imidazole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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10
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Ito H, Mutoh K, Abe J. Enhancement of Negative Photochromic Properties of Naphthalene-Bridged Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complex. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1578-1586. [PMID: 32415707 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Negative photochromism has increased attention as a light-switch for functional materials. A development of fast photochromic molecules has been also expected because a rapid thermal back reaction within a millisecond time scale is useful for real-time switching. Herein, we synthesized the derivatives of the naphthalene-bridged phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (Np-PIC) showing the negative photochromism to demonstrate the efficient strategy to increase the visible light sensitivity and to control the thermal back reaction rates. The distances of the C-C bond of the transient 2,4'-isomer shows good agreement with the thermodynamic stability, leading to the control of the thermal back reaction rate. We revealed the cyclic voltammetry and the DFT calculations are efficient to predict the characters of the HOMO and LUMO. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing dicyanoquinodimethane group is efficient to induce the photochromic reaction with increased visible-light sensitivity by the expansion of the π-conjugation. The results will give an important insight for the future development of fast-responsive negative photochromic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
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11
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Usui R, Yamamoto K, Okajima H, Mutoh K, Sakamoto A, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. Photochromic Radical Complexes That Show Heterolytic Bond Dissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10132-10142. [PMID: 32363867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic materials have been widely used in various research fields because of their variety of photoswitching properties based on various molecular frameworks and bond breaking processes, such as homolysis and heterolysis. However, while a number of photochromic molecular frameworks have been reported so far, there are few reports on photochromic molecular frameworks that show both homolysis and heterolysis depending on the substituents with high durability. The biradicals and zwitterions generated by homolysis and heterolysis have different physical and chemical properties and different potential applications. Therefore, the rational photochromic molecular design to control the bond dissociation in the excited state on demand expands the versatility for photoswitch materials beyond the conventional photochromic molecular frameworks. In this study, we synthesized novel photochromic molecules based on the framework of a radical-dissociation-type photochromic molecule: phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). While the conventional PIC shows the photoinduced homolysis, the substitution of a strong electron-donating moiety to the phenoxyl moiety enables the bond dissociation process to be switched from homolysis to heterolysis. This study gives a strategy for controlling the bond dissociation process of the excited state of photochromic systems, and the strategy enables us to develop further novel radical and zwitterionic photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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12
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Kometani A, Inagaki Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. Red or Near-Infrared Light Operating Negative Photochromism of a Binaphthyl-Bridged Imidazole Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7995-8005. [PMID: 32267153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of red or near-infrared light (NIR) switchable photochromic molecules is required for an efficient utilization of sunlight and regulation of biological activities. While the photosensitization of photochromic molecules to red or NIR light has been achieved by a two-photon absorption process, the development of a molecule itself having sensitivity to red or NIR light has been now a challenging study. Herein, we developed an efficient molecular design for realizing red or NIR-light-responsive negative photochromism based on binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimers. The introduction of electron-donating substituents shows the red shift of the absorption band at the visible-light region because of the contribution of a charge-transfer transition. Especially, the introduction of a di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino group (TPAOMe) and a perylenyl group largely shifts the absorption edge of the stable colored form to 900 nm. In addition, because the absorption band of one of the derivatives substituted with TPAOMe covers the whole visible-light region, the colored form shows a neutral gray color. Upon red (660 nm) or NIR-light (790 nm) irradiation, we observed the negative photochromic reaction from the stable colored form to the metastable colorless form. Therefore, the substituted binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimers constitute the attractive photoswitches within a biological window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kometani
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuki Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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13
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Kobayashi Y, Mamiya Y, Mutoh K, Sotome H, Koga M, Miyasaka H, Abe J. Excited state dynamics for visible-light sensitization of a photochromic benzil-subsituted phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2369-2379. [PMID: 31666871 PMCID: PMC6808191 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible-light sensitized photoswitches have been paid particular attention in the fields of life sciences and materials science because long-wavelength light reduces photodegradation, transmits deep inside of matters, and achieves the selective excitation in condensed systems. Among various photoswitch molecules, the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) is a recently developed thermally reversible photochromic molecule whose thermal back reaction can be tuned from tens of nanoseconds to tens of seconds by rational design of the molecular structure. While the wide range of tunability of the switching speed of PIC opened up various potential applications, no photosensitivity to visible light limits its applications. In this study, we synthesized a visible-light sensitized PIC derivative conjugated with a benzil unit. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the benzil unit acts as a singlet photosensitizer for PIC by the Dexter-type energy transfer. Visible-light sensitized photochromic reactions of PIC are important for expanding the versatility of potential applications to life sciences and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukie Mamiya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masafumi Koga
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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14
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Tokunaga A, Uriarte LM, Mutoh K, Fron E, Hofkens J, Sliwa M, Abe J. Photochromic Reaction by Red Light via Triplet Fusion Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17744-17753. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Lucas Martinez Uriarte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Eduard Fron
- Leuven Chem&Tech: Molecular Imaging and Photonics (MIP), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Leuven Chem&Tech: Molecular Imaging and Photonics (MIP), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University
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16
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Yamamoto K, Gomita I, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Mutoh K, Abe J. Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4917-4920. [PMID: 30882118 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the electrochromism of photochromic radical complexes containing triaryl imidazole: fast photoswitchable pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that PABI and PIC generate the highly stable radical cation by one-electron oxidation accompanied by a color change from colorless to green. The stability of the radical cation is strongly affected by the dihedral angle between the imidazole ring and the phenyl ring at the 2-position of the imidazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
The development of fluorescence switchable molecules in several polar and apolar environments has been required for fluorescence imaging of nanostructures. Photochromic molecules are an important class for the reversible light-triggered fluorescence switching. Although many studies of fluorescence switching by using photochromic reactions have been reported, the report of photochromic molecules reversibly showing turn-on mode fluorescence switching has been limited in spite of their importance. Herein, we report the photoactivatable fluorescence based on negative photochromism, where the absorption spectrum of the compound after irradiation is blue-shifted relative to that before irradiation. We introduced naphthalimide units as a green fluorophore to the negative photochromic binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimer. The fluorescence of the naphthalimide unit is efficiently quenched in the initial colored isomer (fluorescence quantum yield: Φfluo. = 0.01) by Förster resonance energy transfer. In contrast, the fluorescence quantum yield increases up to 0.75 in the transient isomer formed by the negative photochromic reaction. The fluorescence intensity thermally decreases with the thermal back reaction to form the original stable colored form. These results indicate that the negative photochromic molecules are suitable for turn-on mode fluorescence switches and will give an attractive insight for the development of reversible fluorescence switching molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Nanae Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Kaho Arai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
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18
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Abstract
Fast photochromic molecules have received much interest in the potential application as a real-time switching trigger in material and biological chemistry. Pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) are one of the fast photochromic molecules based on imidazolyl radicals. Because the photochromic reaction of these fast photochromic molecules proceeds from the optically forbidden S1 state, it is difficult to estimate the excitation energy to induce the photochromic reactions by spectroscopic techniques. In this study, we performed the electrochemical measurements for PABI and PIC to investigate the electronic properties and to determine the S0-S1 transition energies. In addition, we also revealed that the electrochemical reduction of PABI and PIC generates the radical anion which spontaneously shows the C-N bond breaking reaction to produce the radical species. The initial photochromic dimer is reproduced by the reversible oxidation of the anion species. This characteristic photochromic and electrochromic properties can be applicable to the photowritable electrochromic devices with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
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19
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Toshimitsu S, Shima K, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Rational Molecular Designs for Controlling Photochromism: Thermally Activated Valence Isomerization of Phenoxyl‐Imidazolyl Radical Complexes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Toshimitsu
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Kentaro Shima
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
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20
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Kuroiwa H, Inagaki Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. On-Demand Control of the Photochromic Properties of Naphthopyrans. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1805661. [PMID: 30379359 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photofunctional compounds have emerged as critically important materials for both fundamental studies and industrial applications. Control of the thermal decoloration speed to within several seconds while sustaining satisfactory photochromic colorability is an important challenge for the application of such materials to photochromic lenses and smart windows. Photochromic naphthopyran derivatives are utilized for photochromic lenses because of their high durability and easily controllable colorability. However, the residual color imparted by the long-lived transient species upon ceasing light irradiation remains a hindrance to practical applications. In this study, a strategy is demonstrated for on-demand control of the thermal decoloration speed of the transient colored species of naphthopyran derivatives. The increase in the ring-size of the alkylenedioxy moiety on the naphthopyrans accelerates the thermal back-reaction independently of the maximum-absorption wavelength of the colored isomer, leading to the realization of yellow-, red-, and blue-photochromic naphthopyrans with similar thermal fading speeds. This novel molecular design provides a strategy for the future development of advanced photoresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuki Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
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21
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Yonekawa I, Mutoh K, Abe J. Visible light intensity dependent negative photochromism of a binaphthyl-bridged phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1221-1224. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a novel biphotochromic molecule composed of two fast negative photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex units showing incident light intensity dependence of the photochemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yonekawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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22
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Tokunaga A, Mutoh K, Hasegawa T, Abe J. Reversible Valence Photoisomerization between Closed-Shell Quinoidal and Open-Shell Biradical Forms. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1833-1837. [PMID: 29584951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here a kinetic study on the thermal equilibrium process between the biradical form and the quinoidal form starting from the singlet biradical form alone. A photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex repeatedly generates biradical species upon UV light irradiation, and the following thermal equilibrium process responsible for valence isomerization from the open-shell singlet biradical to the closed-shell quinoidal form is observed in the microsecond time region. The thermodynamic parameters for the equilibrium process were determined for the first time by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. We also found that visible-light excitation to the equilibrium state causes valence photoisomerization from the quinoidal to the biradical form, which returns thermally to the quinoidal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Chemistry for Functionalized Surfaces, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
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23
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Yonekawa I, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Structurally and electronically modulated spin interaction of transient biradicals in two photon-gated stepwise photochromism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:290-301. [PMID: 29335696 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of two-photon induced photochromic compounds is important for advanced photoresponsive materials. The utilization of the long-lived transient states or species for two-photon absorption is one of the efficient strategies to realize the advanced photochemical behavior beyond a one-photon photochemical reaction. We have synthesized bi-photochromic compounds composed of two photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex units. The biphotochromic compounds generate two biradical units when the two photochromic units absorb photons with a stepwise manner. The interaction between the two biradicals through the central bridging phenyl ring is the key feature to control the stepwise photochromic reaction. Here, we introduced aromatic spacers in order to modulate the distance and the dihedral angle between the biradical units. The color and the rate of the thermal back reaction of the stepwise photochromism can be regulated by the control of the central bridging part. These results give important insights to develop desirable advanced photoresponsive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yonekawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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24
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Yonekawa I, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Intensity-Dependent Photoresponse of Biphotochromic Molecule Composed of a Negative and a Positive Photochromic Unit. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1091-1097. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yonekawa
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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25
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Inagaki Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. Stepwise photochromism of bisnaphthopyrans exhibiting an excitation intensity-dependent color change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:946-953. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bisnaphthopyran derivatives composed of two naphthopyran units exhibit a nonlinear color change depending on the excitation light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258
- Japan
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26
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Inagaki Y, Kobayashi Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. A Simple and Versatile Strategy for Rapid Color Fading and Intense Coloration of Photochromic Naphthopyran Families. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13429-13441. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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27
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Kobayashi Y, Okajima H, Sotome H, Yanai T, Mutoh K, Yoneda Y, Shigeta Y, Sakamoto A, Miyasaka H, Abe J. Direct Observation of the Ultrafast Evolution of Open-Shell Biradical in Photochromic Radical Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6382-6389. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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28
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Komori A, Yamada H, Imagawa S, Kaneko O, Kawahata K, Mutoh K, Ohyabu N, Takeiri Y, Ida K, Mito T, Nagayama Y, Sakakibara S, Sakamoto R, Shimozuma T, Watanabe KY, Motojima O. Goal and Achievements of Large Helical Device Project. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst58-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Komori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Imagawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O. Kaneko
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Kawahata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Mutoh
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - N. Ohyabu
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Ida
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Mito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Nagayama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Sakakibara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Sakamoto
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Y. Watanabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O Motojima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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29
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Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Yamane T, Ikezawa T, Abe J. Rate-Tunable Stepwise Two-Photon-Gated Photoresponsive Systems Employing a Synergetic Interaction between Transient Biradical Units. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4452-4461. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamane
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ikezawa
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1
Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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30
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Kobayashi Y, Mishima Y, Mutoh K, Abe J. Highly durable photochromic radical complexes having no steric protections of radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4315-4318. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Durable radical-dissociation type photochromic reactions are demonstrated without the steric protections of the radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mishima
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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31
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Abstract
There has been a growing interest toward the development of advanced photofunctional materials whose photoresponses involve multiple photons and molecules because these materials show the photoresponses which cannot be achieved by a one-photon reaction of a single chromophore. These cooperative interactions of multiple photons and molecules are recently termed as the "photosynergetic" effects, and the understanding and utilization of these effects are becoming important research topics. In this Perspective, we overview the recent progress of the fast T-type photochromic molecules involving the stepwise two-photon absorption processes. Although high power pulse lasers were necessary to induce conventional simultaneous and stepwise two-photon absorption processes, the stepwise two-photon absorption process with the fast photochromic compound can be initiated by extremely weak continuous wave (CW) LEDs. The basic concept and future outlook of the fast photochromism involving the stepwise two-photon absorption process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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32
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Kobayashi Y, Shima K, Mutoh K, Abe J. Fast Photochromism Involving Thermally-Activated Valence Isomerization of Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complex Derivatives. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3067-3072. [PMID: 27454008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell biradicals have received considerable attention in material science because of their high two-photon absorption cross sections and broad and high absorptive features over the visible region. However, the instability of the biradical caused by the open-shell nature was one of the drawbacks; therefore, novel radical compounds which can suppress unwanted reactions by tuning the open-shell features are desired to expand the versatility of the radical compounds. Here, we report a novel radical-dissociation-type photochromic compound whose photochromic reaction involves a valence isomerization from the open-shell biradical to closed-shell quinoidal forms by using a phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex framework. The valence isomerization from the biradical to quinoid forms effectively tunes the open-shell feature in time and drastically changes the spectral features, which were revealed by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This novel fast photochromic property not only is important for fundamental spin chemistry but also expands the versatility of the radical compounds for novel advanced photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Hirao Y, Kubo T, Abe J. Stealth fast photoswitching of negative photochromic naphthalene-bridged phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6797-800. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel negative photochromic compound, Np-PIC, shows the fast thermal back reaction in the millisecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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Ikezawa T, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Thiophene-substituted phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complexes with high photosensitivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2465-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fast photoswitch molecules became sensitive to visible light by using a thiophene ring as a radical linker unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ikezawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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Morimoto M, Kashihara R, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Irie M. Turn-on mode fluorescence photoswitching of diarylethene single crystals. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00725b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nakashima T, Tsuchie K, Kanazawa R, Li R, Iijima S, Galangau O, Nakagawa H, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J, Kawai T. Self-Contained Photoacid Generator Triggered by Photocyclization of Triangle Terarylene Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7023-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Tsuchie
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Rui Kanazawa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ruiji Li
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Iijima
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Olivier Galangau
- NAIST-CEMES
International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Hisako Nakagawa
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- NAIST-CEMES
International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Mutoh K, Arai H, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Photo-control of the thermal radical recombination reaction: photochromism of an azobenzene-bridged imidazole dimer. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmong various kinds of photochromic compounds, bridged imidazole dimers have been known as fast photo-switch molecules. Bridged imidazole dimers have opened up various potential applications to photochromic lenses and real-time holographic displays. The optical properties of bridged imidazole dimers strongly depend on the bridging moiety to tether two imidazole rings. Therefore, the control of the bridging structure by introducing another photochromic moiety would increase the versatility of bridged imidazole dimers. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new type of the bridged imidazole dimer 1 which has the azobenzene moiety as the photo-responsive linker. The cis–trans isomerization of the azobenzene moiety enables to change the distance between the photogenerated radical pairs. The two structural isomers, cis–1 and trans–1, are observed and both compounds undergo the photochromism to produce the imidazolyl radicals. We found that the two imidazolyl radicals generated from cis–1 are close enough to form the intramolecular C–N bond, whereas the imidazolyl radicals of trans–1 undergo the intermolecular recombination reaction due to the long distance between the radicals. Our results demonstrate the control of intra-/intermolecular radical recombination reactions by the combination of the two photochromic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arai
- 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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Mutoh K, Nakagawa Y, Sakamoto A, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Stepwise Two-Photon-Gated Photochemical Reaction in Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Bis(imidazole dimer). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Itoh Optical Industrial Co.,Ltd., 3-19 Miyanari-cho, Gamagori, Aichi 443-0041, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST),
K’s Gobancho 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Shima K, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Relationship between Activation Volume and Polymer Matrix Effects on Photochromic Performance: Bridging Molecular Parameter to Macroscale Effect. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1087-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511074y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), K’s Gobancho, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Mutoh K, Nakagawa Y, Hatano S, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Entropy-controlled biradical–quinoid isomerization of a π-conjugated delocalized biradical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1151-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04606d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The valence isomerization from the photogenerated biradical to the quinoid species is observed for the photochromic dimer of imidazolyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | | | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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Abstract
The bridged imidazole dimers are some of the attractive fast photochromic compounds which have potential applications to the ophthalmic lenses, real-time hologram and molecular machines. The strategy for expanding their photochromic properties such as the colour variation and tuning the decolouration rates has been vigorously investigated, but the insight into the structural changes along the photochromic reactions has not been demonstrated in detail. Here, we demonstrated the pressure dependence of the radical-radical recombination reaction of the bridged imidazole dimers. The radical-radical interaction can be controlled by applying high pressure. Our results give fundamental information about the molecular dynamics of the bridged imidazole dimers, leading to the development of new functional photochromic machines and pressure-sensitive photochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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Nakano E, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Electrochemistry of Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimers: Rational Understanding of the Electronic Structures. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2288-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science
and Technology Agency (JST), K’s
Gobancho, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Shima K, Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Enhancing the Versatility and Functionality of Fast Photochromic Bridged Imidazole Dimers by Flipping Imidazole Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3796-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501028v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), K’s Gobancho, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Mutoh K, Shima K, Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi M, Abe J. Photochromism of a naphthalene-bridged imidazole dimer constrained to the "anti" conformation. Org Lett 2013; 15:2938-41. [PMID: 23745651 DOI: 10.1021/ol401012u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-1,8-bisTPI-naphthalene in which two imidazole rings are constrained to an anti-conformation leading to the first-formed 1,4'-isomer of the bridged imidazole dimer has been synthesized. The color of the radicals is different from that of the previously reported bridged-imidazolyl radicals because the intramolecular interaction between the radicals becomes weak due to the anti-conformation. This molecular design would be a profitable strategy to control the color of the radicals of the bridged imidazole dimer for application in ophthalmic lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Mutoh K, Nakano E, Abe J. Spectroelectrochemistry of a Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimer: Clarification of the Electrochemical Behavior of HABI. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6792-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3038973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku,
Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Emi Nakano
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku,
Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku,
Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Mutoh K, Abe J. Comprehensive Understanding of Structure- Photosensitivity Relationships of Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4650-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201969q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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Yoshioka K, Watahiki Y, Kanie A, Tsujio M, Ikadai H, Kashimoto T, Mutoh K. Morphology of the cockerel's comb after androgen administration. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:185-94. [DOI: 10.1080/00071661003745810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mutoh K, Kurokawa K, Kobayashi K, Saheki T. Treatment of a citrin-deficient patient at the early stage of adult-onset type II citrullinaemia with arginine and sodium pyruvate. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S343-7. [PMID: 18958581 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrin deficiency is a common congenital metabolic defect not only in East Asian populations but also in other populations around the world. It has been shown that although liver transplantation is ultimately required in many patients to prevent neurological decompensation associated with hyperammonaemia, arginine is effective in lowering ammonia in hyperammonaemic patients, and a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet may provide some benefit to infants in improving failure to thrive. In the present study, the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings are reported for a 13-year-old citrin-deficient girl in the early stage of adult-onset type II citrullinaemia (CTLN2), and the therapeutic effect of orally administered arginine and sodium pyruvate was investigated. The patient complained of anorexia, lethargy, fatigue and poor growth, and showed laboratory findings typical of CTLN2; elevated levels of plasma citrulline, threonine-to-serine ratio, and serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Oral administration of arginine and sodium pyruvate for over 3 years improved her clinical symptoms and has almost completely normalized her laboratory findings. It is suggested that the administration of arginine and sodium pyruvate with low-carbohydrate meals may be an effective therapy in patients with citrin deficiency in order either to prolong metabolic normalcy or to provide a safer and more affordable alternative to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mutoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimada Municipal Hospital, Shimada, Japan
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Munesue T, Ono Y, Mutoh K, Shimoda K, Nakatani H, Kikuchi M. High prevalence of bipolar disorder comorbidity in adolescents and young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study of 44 outpatients. J Affect Disord 2008; 111:170-5. [PMID: 18378000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been well examined. METHODS Mood disorders in 44 consecutive outpatients with high-functioning ASD were examined at a university hospital according to DSM-IV. Inclusion criteria were an IQ of 70 or higher on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and age of 12 years or over. RESULTS Sixteen patients (36.4%) were diagnosed with mood disorder. Of these 16 patients, four were diagnosed as having major depressive disorder, two patients as bipolar I disorder, six patients as bipolar II disorder, and four patients as bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Bipolar disorder accounted for 75% of cases. Twelve patients had Asperger disorder and four patients had pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. None of the patients had autistic disorder. LIMITATIONS The sample size was small. We could not use Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised. Referral bias could not be avoided in this study. CONCLUSIONS The major comorbid mood disorder in patients with high-functioning ASD is bipolar disorder and not major depressive disorder. The autistic spectrum may share common vulnerability genes with the bipolar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Munesue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
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