1
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Yang YH, Chen YS, Chuang WT, Yang JS. Bifurcated Polymorphic Transition and Thermochromic Fluorescence of a Molecular Crystal Involving Three-Dimensional Supramolecular Gear Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8131-8141. [PMID: 38471139 PMCID: PMC10979455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability of molecules to move and rearrange in the solid state accounts for the polymorphic transition and stimuli-responsive properties of molecular crystals. However, how the crystal structure determines the molecular motion ability remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular gear network in the green-emissive polymorph 1G of a dialkylamino-substituted anthracene-pentiptycene π-system (1) enables an unusual bifurcated polymorphic transition into a yellow-emissive polymorph (1Y) and a new green-emissive polymorph (1G*) via 3D correlated supramolecular rotation. The 90° forward correlated rotation causes the molecular conformation between the octyl and the anthracene units to change from syn to anti, the ladder-like supramolecular columns to constrict, and the gear network to disengage. This cooperative molecular motion is marked by the gradual formation of an intermediate state (1I) across the entire crystal from 170 to 230 °C, which then undergoes bifurcated (forward or backward rotation) and irreversible transitions to form polymorphs 1Y and 1G* at 230-235 °C. Notably, 1G* is similar to 1G but lacks gear engagement, preventing its transformation into 1Y. Nevertheless, 1G can be restored by grinding 1Y or 1G* or fuming with dichloromethane (DCM) vapor. This work illustrates the correlation between the crystal structure and solid-state molecular motion behavior and demonstrates how a 3D molecular gear system efficiently transmits thermal energy to drive the polymorphic transition and induce fluorochromism through significant conformational and packing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30092, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Wang L, Qiao SB, Chen YT, Ma X, Wei WM, Zhang J, Du L, Zhao QH. [2 + 2] cycloaddition and its photomechanical effects on 1D coordination polymers with reversible amide bonds and coordination site regulation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3971-3979. [PMID: 38487230 PMCID: PMC10935725 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo-responsive materials can convert light energy into mechanical energy, with great application potential in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and bionic systems. We combined reversible amide bonds, coordination site regulation, and coordination polymer (CP) self-assembly to synthesize two 1D photo-responsive CPs. Obvious photomechanical behavior was observed under UV irradiation. By combining the CPs with PVA, the mechanical stresses were amplified and macroscopic driving behavior was realized. In addition, two cyclobutane amide derivatives and a pair of cyclobutane carboxyl isomers were isolated through coordination bond destruction and amide bond hydrolysis. Therefore, photo-actuators and supramolecular synthesis in smart materials may serve as important clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- New Energy Photovoltaic Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810016 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University 650500 People's Republic of China
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3
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Yamanoi Y. Hydrosilane/Organoiodine Coupling-Enabled Studies of Organosilane Physical Properties. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3325-3341. [PMID: 37939280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThis Account summarizes recent developments in metal-mediated coupling reactions between hydrosilanes and aryl iodides in the presence of Pd(P(t-Bu)3)2 and base. Alkylated organosilanes are obtained when Pt(P(t-Bu)3)2 and a base are employed in reactions between hydrosilanes and aliphatic iodides. These transformations show unusual reactivity compared to the typical behavior of hydrosilanes toward organoiodides in the presence of PdCl2 or PtCl2, and they proceed in high yields under mild conditions. In addition, the reaction demonstrates (1) high functional group tolerances, (2) stepwise introduction of substituents onto silicon atoms from secondary silanes, and (3) transformation without cleavage of weak Si-Si σ bonds in the molecules.This transformation can serve as a powerful tool for the synthesis of functional organosilicon compounds. The advantage is the flexibility in the molecular structure due to the large size compared to carbon. These compounds have relatively sparse packing in the crystalline state, unlike π-conjugated molecules, which induce dense π-π interactions. Consequently, they have significantly different physical properties in solution and in the solid state. Among them, aromatic disilanes and oligosilanes are important substance groups, because the conjugated chain within these molecules expands due to σ-π interaction between Si-Si σ bond and π orbital of aromatic ring. σ-π Conjugation is most efficient when the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the Si-Si bond is 90°, resulting in the overlap of σ orbital and π orbital. The conformational structure, packing, and physical properties of these compounds can change in tandem in response to external stimuli through a crystal phase transition. The interlocking changes in structure and physical properties are reversible, easily returning to their original state with different external stimulus. This account covers several important aspects, including solid-state emission with high fluorescence intensity, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in water-THF system, mechanochromic fluorescence, organic light emitting diode (OLED), second harmonic generation (SHG) and thermosalient phenomena.This reaction can synthesize optically active tertiary and quaternary silanes by the enantioselective arylation of secondary silanes with aryl iodides using a palladium catalyst modified with a TADDOL-derived amide phosphoric acid ester as a chiral ligand. These optically active compounds can be used as useful circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials due to their strong luminescence intensity (Φ) and luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) attributed to the chiral silicon atom. The efficient synthesis of sila-pharmaceuticals using this method as a key step is also described.The technique enables the design and synthesis of various silicon-containing bioactive substances and medical chemicals. Through the synthesis of organosilane compounds using this method, it is anticipated that the development of functional organic silanes will accelerate their practical applications in a wide range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Zhou Z, Gai L, Xu LW, Guo Z, Lu H. Disilane-bridged architectures: an emerging class of molecular materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10385-10402. [PMID: 37799998 PMCID: PMC10548527 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disilanes are organosilicon compounds that contain saturated Si-Si bonds. The structural characteristics of Si-Si single bonds resemble those of C-C single bonds, but their electronic structure is more similar to that of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds, as Si-Si bonds have a higher HOMO energy level. These organosilicon compounds feature unique intramolecular σ electron delocalization, low ionization potentials, polarizable electronic structure, and σ-π interaction. It has been demonstrated that the employment of disilane units (Si-Si) is a versatile and effective approach for finely adjusting the photophysical properties of organic materials in both solution and solid states. In this review, we present and discuss the structure, properties, and relationships of novel σ-π-conjugated hybrid architectures with saturated Si-Si σ bonds. The application of disilane-bridged σ-conjugated compounds as optoelectronic materials, multifunctional solid-state emitters, CPL, and non-linear optical and stimuli-responsive materials is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
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5
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Bhandary S, Beliš M, Kaczmarek AM, Van Hecke K. Photomechanical Motions in Organoboron-Based Phosphorescent Molecular Crystals Driven by a Crystal-State [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22051-22058. [PMID: 36417296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent molecular crystals integrated with the ability to transform light energy into macroscopic mechanical motions are a promising choice of materials for both actuating and photonic devices. However, such dynamic photomechanical effects, based on molecular organoboron compounds as well as phosphorescent crystalline materials, are not yet known. Here we present an intriguing example of photomechanical molecular single crystals of a newly synthesized organoboron containing Lewis acid-base molecular adduct (BN1, substituted triphenylboroxine and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene) having a capsule shape molecular geometry. The single crystals of BN1 under UV light exhibit controllable rapid bending-shape recovery, delamination, violent splitting-jumping, and expanding features. The detailed structural investigation by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the photosalient behavior of the BN1 single crystals is driven by a crystal-to-crystal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, supported by four donor-acceptor type B←N bonds. The instant photomechanical reaction in the BN1 crystals occurs under UV on account of sudden release of stress associated with the strained molecular geometry, significant solid-state molecular movements (supramolecular change), and cleavage of half intermolecular B←N linkages to result in a complete photodimerized single-crystalline product via the existence of two other intermediate photoproducts. In addition, the BN1 crystals display short-lived room temperature phosphorescence, and the photodynamic events are accompanied by the enhancement of their phosphorescence intensity to yield the photoproduct. Interestingly, the molecular crystals of the final photoproduct polymerize at ambient conditions when recrystallized from the solution forming a 2D supramolecular crystalline polymer stabilized by the retention of all B←N coordination modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Han RR, Li LT, Yao ZQ, Zhao JP, Liu FC. Single Crystal to Single Crystal Transformation of Cu II Complexes Induced by Dehydrating and Hydrating of Ligands with Chroma Rewritable Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18267-18274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, TKL of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ting Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, TKL of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Quan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, TKL of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Peng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, TKL of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Chen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, TKL of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
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7
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Spectroscopic Tracking of Salicylideneaniline Photocolored Crystals: An Attempt to Quantify Polymorph-Dependent Features toward Precise Structure-Function Correlation Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4164-4175. [PMID: 35732010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three polymorphs of salicylideneaniline (SA) were prepared, and their photochromic behavior was examined using a recently developed single-crystal microscopic UV-vis spectroscopy approach. This system enabled us to acquire absorption data during the bleaching process as a function of temperature and visible light intensity. First, we demonstrated that, in contrast to the generally accepted assumption, the bleaching curves were notably influenced by the degree of photosaturation at the initial stage. By modifying our kinetic model to include the term representing the initial degree of photosaturation, we successfully obtained the kinetic parameters intrinsic to each crystal structure. Second, we further analyzed the kinetic parameters to show that the bleaching process was accelerated by visible light irradiation to a significantly higher degree than by thermal relaxation. The two bleaching-prompting effects were quantitatively compared between two photochromic polymorphs, α1 and α2; the long life of the photoproduct in α2 was attributed to efficient self-shielding from visible light irradiation enabled by its structural features. These results prompted us to reexamine the simple dualistic photochemical and thermal classification of photochromic systems and will provide a foundation for the precise structure-function analysis of crystalline materials, including SAs.
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8
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Exceptionally high work density of a ferroelectric dynamic organic crystal around room temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2823. [PMID: 35595845 PMCID: PMC9123006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic organic crystals are rapidly gaining traction as a new class of smart materials for energy conversion, however, they are only capable of very small strokes (<12%) and most of them operate through energetically cost-prohibitive processes at high temperatures. We report on the exceptional performance of an organic actuating material with exceedingly large stroke that can reversibly convert energy into work around room temperature. When transitioning at 295–305 K on heating and at 265–275 K on cooling the ferroelectric crystals of guanidinium nitrate exert a linear stroke of 51%, the highest value observed with a reversible operation of an organic single crystal actuator. Their maximum force density is higher than electric cylinders, ceramic piezoactuators, and electrostatic actuators, and their work capacity is close to that of thermal actuators. This work demonstrates the hitherto untapped potential of ionic organic crystals for applications such as light-weight capacitors, dielectrics, ferroelectric tunnel junctions, and thermistors. Organic electronics requires dynamic materials, however, most of them have small strokes and operate at high temperatures. Here, the authors describe organic crystal that repeatedly expands and contracts nearly half its length around room temperature.
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9
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Sasaki T. Long-Duration Crystal-Jumping by a Stepwise Stimulation: Thermal Induction of Strain and its Release by Spontaneous Desolvation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Materials System Science; Graduate School of Nanobioscience; Yokohama City University; 22-2 Seto; Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
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10
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Hagiwara H, Konomura S. Thermosalience coupled to abrupt spin crossover with dynamic ligand motion in an iron(II) molecular crystal. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00501h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an iron(II) molecular crystal that show thermosalient effect (crystal jumping) coupled to cooperative high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) spin crossover (SCO). The new iron(II) compound [Fe(LPh,Et)2(NCS)2] (LPh,Et...
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11
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Wang W, Wang Y, He R, Wang X, Shen Z, Han X, Bachmatiuk A, Wen W, Rümmeli MH, Liu P, Zeng M, Fu L. Ultrafast Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformation from Metal-Organic Framework to 2D Hydroxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106400. [PMID: 34676927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations have received considerable interest in crystal engineering, owing to providing a key platform for creating new materials. However, because of the limited tolerance of chemical bonds against the lattice strains, it is challenging to maintain the crystallinity when the structure changes dramatically. Here, a peculiar SCSC transformation from organic crystals to inorganic crystals, simultaneously achieving a drastic change in structure, connectivity, and dimension, is reported. As a demonstration, after reacting with liquid gallium, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) can easily transform to 2D hydroxide single crystals. Interestingly, long-range ordered metallic atoms of hydroxide inherited from the ordered atomic arrangement of ZIF-8, but the connectivity is distinct. With good universality and extensibility, this transformation vastly expands the research scope of the SCSC transformations and provides a novel pathway for the synthesis of crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Runze He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaocang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- Polish Center for Technology Development (PORT) Ul, Wrocław, 147 54-006, Poland
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Polish Center for Technology Development (PORT) Ul, Wrocław, 147 54-006, Poland
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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12
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Nakayama N, Hijikata M, Ohmagari H, Tanaka H, Inazuka Y, Saito D, Obata S, Ohta K, Kato M, Goto H, Hasegawa M. Computational studies for crystal structures of helicate lanthanide complexes based on X-ray analyses. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Nakayama
- CONFLEX Co., Shinagawa Center Bldg., 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hijikata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohmagari
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Mirai Molecular Materials Design Institute, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yudai Inazuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Obata
- CONFLEX Co., Shinagawa Center Bldg., 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohta
- CONFLEX Co., Shinagawa Center Bldg., 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Goto
- Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Mirai Molecular Materials Design Institute, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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13
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Shu Y, Ye K, Sun J, Yue Y, Liu C, Wang H, Lu R. Thermo-Induced Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations and Photo-Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions in Polymorphs of Chalcone-Based Molecular Crystals: Multi-Stimuli Responsive Actuators. Chemistry 2021; 27:17960-17969. [PMID: 34786776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphs of 2ClChMe-4 in Form I (ribbon-like crystal) and Form II (block-like crystal) were prepared, and they exhibited curling/flipping and expansion upon heating on account of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations. The irreversible phase transformations occurred separately at 53.2 °C and 57.8 °C for the crystals in Form I and Form II, during which the molecular conformation of 2ClChMe-4 changed and the molecules slipped along the (100) plane. Movement at the molecular level resulted in changes of cell parameters, which in turn led to macroscopic motions of the crystals upon heating. Additionally, the ribbon-like crystals of 2ClChMe-4 showed photo-induced bending driven by [2+2] cycloaddition. Accordingly, an actuator showing reversible bending behavior was fabricated triggered by light and heat successively. Like biomimetic self-actuators, such multi-stimuli mechanical responsive molecular crystals might have potential applications in soft robots, artificial muscles and microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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14
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Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Yellow-Green and Blue Photoluminescent Dinuclear and Octanuclear Copper(I) Iodide Complexes with a Disilanylene-Bridged Bispyridine Ligand. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226852. [PMID: 34833948 PMCID: PMC8617906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structural, and photophysical investigations of CuI complexes with a disilanylene-bridged bispyridine ligand 1 are herein presented. Dinuclear (2) and ladder-like (3) octanuclear copper(I) complexes were straightforwardly prepared by exactly controlling the ratio of CuI/ligand 1. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed that dinuclear complex 2 had no apparent π…π stacking whereas octanuclear complex 3 had π…π stacking in the crystal packing. In the solid state, the complexes display yellow-green (λem = 519 nm, Φ = 0.60, τ = 11 µs, 2) and blue (λem = 478 nm, Φ = 0.04, τ = 2.6 µs, 3) phosphorescence, respectively. The density functional theory calculations validate the differences in their optical properties. The difference in the luminescence efficiency between 2 and 3 is attributed to the presence of π…π stacking and the different luminescence processes.
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Nakae T, Nishio M, Usuki T, Ikeya M, Nishimoto C, Ito S, Nishihara H, Hattori M, Hayashi S, Yamada T, Yamanoi Y. Luminescent Behavior Elucidation of a Disilane‐Bridged D–A–D Triad Composed of Phenothiazine and Thienopyrazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masaki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Usuki
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Minako Ikeya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan
| | - Chika Nishimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Mineyuki Hattori
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Hayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Nakae T, Nishio M, Usuki T, Ikeya M, Nishimoto C, Ito S, Nishihara H, Hattori M, Hayashi S, Yamada T, Yamanoi Y. Luminescent Behavior Elucidation of a Disilane-Bridged D-A-D Triad Composed of Phenothiazine and Thienopyrazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22871-22878. [PMID: 34427025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A σ-π extended aryldisilane, comprising a thienopyrazine group as an acceptor fragment and phenothiazine groups as the donor moiety, has been prepared through the introduction of two Si-Si bridges (compound 1). X-ray diffraction analysis determined the crystal structure of 1, and experimental and theoretical approaches investigated its optical properties. Solvatochromic studies revealed the dual emission of 1 in all solvents tested. Compound 1 also exhibited fluorescence in the solid state upon excitation with a hand-held UV lamp, as well as mechanochromic luminescent properties. The packing mode in the crystal structure, variation of phenothiazine conformation, morphological changes between crystalline and amorphous phases are the major factors showing reversible fluorescence under external stimuli. A theoretical conformer study found that 1 exists in distinct conformational groups differing in Gibbs free energy by less than 3 kcal mol-1 . The conformer in the crystalline state of 1 can promote the complete separation of the HOMO and LUMO between the phenothiazine donor and the thienopyrazine acceptor, linked by the disilane linker. HOMO-LUMO energy transition in the crystalline state is forbidden due to the lack of frontier orbital overlap. Crystalline state emission showed LUMO → HOMO-1 transition (locally excited (LE) state). In the amorphous state, the partial presence of quasi-axial conformers allows intramolecular charge-transfer type emission via energy transfer from dominant quasi-equatorial conformers. The strategy proposed in this work provides important guidance for developing stimuli-responsive materials with controlled excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Usuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minako Ikeya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nishimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Hattori
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Hayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Hino Y, Hayashi S. Thermotriggered Domino-like Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Phase Transition from Face-to-Edge to Face-to-Face Packing of Anthracenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:17595-17600. [PMID: 34636094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-triggered crystal-to-crystal and single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations have received significant attention in the scientific community. To visualize such phenomenon, controlling the optical properties and the thermodynamic stability of the molecular crystals is a very important research subject. In this report, the selective growth of photoluminescent (PL) 1,8-bisphenylanthracene polymorphic (cI and cII) and 1,2-dichloroethane-inclusion crystals (iC) under various optimized conditions is described. These crystals exhibited unique mechano- and thermoresponsive disordering, crystal-to-crystal phase transition, and SCSC phase transition. In particular, rapid thermostimulus SCSC occurred from blue-PL cI into greenish-blue-PL cII. Interestingly, the SCSC phase transition of cI into cII was triggered by thermal stimuli and propagated spontaneously. Thermotriggered domino-like SCSC phase transition was observed on a fully visible timescale (ca. 125 μm min-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Hino
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
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18
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Koshima H, Hasebe S, Hagiwara Y, Asahi T. Mechanically Responsive Organic Crystals by Light. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Shodai Hasebe
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
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20
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Kato K, Seki T, Ito H. (9-Isocyanoanthracene)gold(I) Complexes Exhibiting Two Modes of Crystal Jumps by Different Structure Change Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10849-10856. [PMID: 33886301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of single crystals exhibiting salient effects by different structure change mechanisms are reported. The crystals of newly prepared aryl(9-isocyanoanthracene)gold(I) complexes jump in response to two different external stimuli: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and cooling. The photosalient effect is triggered by photodimerization reaction of the anthracene moieties under photoirradiation. By contrast, the thermosalient effect is caused by anisotropic thermal contraction upon cooling without a chemical structure change. By taking advantage of the multiple-jump feature, we also show sequential jumps of crystals by cooling and then UV irradiation for demonstration of the programmed motion of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kato
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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21
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Dharmarwardana M, Pakhira S, Welch RP, Caicedo-Narvaez C, Luzuriaga MA, Arimilli BS, McCandless GT, Fahimi B, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Gassensmith JJ. Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5951-5957. [PMID: 33822596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state thermoelastic behavior-a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change and phase transition in a solid-state compound-is rare in organic crystals, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. Comparable to thermosalience, wherein crystal phase changes induce energetic jumping, thermomorphism produces physical work via consistent and near-instantaneous predictable directional force. In this work, we show a fully reversible thermomorphic actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than 200 cycles at near-ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of their original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expand back to their original length upon cooling below 35 °C. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Physics, Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS) & Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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22
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Rath BB, Gallo G, Dinnebier RE, Vittal JJ. Reversible Thermosalience in a One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Preceded by Anisotropic Thermal Expansion and the Shape Memory Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2088-2096. [PMID: 33476147 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermally responsive crystals hold great potential for their use as actuating materials by acting as energy transducers to convert heat energy to mechanical work. Control over defined phase transition temperature with rapid reconfiguration is of great advantage for actuation. The thermosalient (TS) effect is a rarely observed phenomenon in coordination polymers (CPs), let alone the reversibility of thermosalience in CPs. Herein, we report the reversible TS effect in a one-dimensional CP due to the martensitic phase transition during both heating and cooling cycles. The TS effect was preceded by anisotropic thermal expansion showing high expansion coefficients. In addition, the nonmolecular crystals show reversible contraction and recovery during multiple heating-cooling cycles due to the self-restorative shape memory effect. The reversible actuation of the CP could be repeated for 20 heating-cooling cycles in differential scanning calorimetry experiments, suggesting its great potential as a multicyclic actuator. Such thermal responsive behavior is unique in metal-organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianpiero Gallo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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23
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Abstract
Dynamic macroscopic behaviour of single crystals of coordination polymers when subjected to light, heat, and mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadese J. Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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24
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Rath BB, Vittal JJ. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reaction in a Photosalient One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer of Pb(II). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20117-20123. [PMID: 33175523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a remarkable example, we report a one-dimensional coordination polymer (CP) of Pb(II) showing photosalient (PS) properties triggered by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of olefinic ligands, which is seldom observed in CPs. Macroscopic rod-shaped crystals show various photomechanical effects such as jumping, splitting, rolling, and breaking upon UV illumination. In this rare example, we could determine the solid-state structure of the 100% dimerized product and three intermediate structures, even after the shattering of crystals into small pieces. Detailed mechanistic investigation from the single-crystal data indicates that the strain generated in the unit cell due to anisotropic expansion played a bigger role for the PS effects. Nucleated growth of the photoproduct crystal created different domains inside the single crystal, which multiplied the already developed stress leading to the photomechanical movements. This example falls in the gray area of a clean single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation and violent PS effect. Such photochemical behavior has never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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