1
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Gimnkhan A, Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Selective Alkylarylation Difunctionalization of 1,3-Butadienes via Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2025; 27:5509-5514. [PMID: 40388654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2025]
Abstract
Photocatalytic multicomponent reactions are at the forefront of organic synthesis. In recent years, the dicarbofunctionalization of olefins has received significant attention, with nickel serving as a key transition metal catalyst under photochemical conditions. However, achieving regioselective 1,4-alkylarylation of dienes with alkyl and aryl bromides remains challenging. In this work, we present a Ni/photoredox dual catalysis approach for the regioselective alkylarylation of dienes, offering a mild reaction that eliminates the need for stochiometric metal reductants. Broad substrate scope and mechanistic investigations are presented that support the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Xu M, Li YB, Wang H, Glorius F, Qi X. Mechanism Switch Between Radical-Polar Crossover and Radical Buffering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202500522. [PMID: 40080046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover (RPC) is a classic concept that bridges one- and two-electron chemistry. It has been widely used in Cr-catalyzed carbonyl addition reactions to clarify the formation of alkyl chromium(III) intermediate and subsequent carbonyl insertion. Herein, we proposed an orthogonal bonding model, the radical buffering scenario, for Cr-catalyzed carbonyl alkylation. This radical bonding model features the radical dissociation from the alkyl chromium(III) complex followed by the Cr(II)-carbonyl-coupled radical addition to form the C─C bond. The mechanism switch between the radical and polar bonding models is affected by the radical stability, radical nucleophilicity, radical size, and the presence of an α-heteroatom or α-π bond. The collaborative computational and experimental studies have verified the reliability of the radical mechanism. More importantly, we demonstrated that this radical buffering scenario possesses a different stereoselectivity control model from that in the RPC scenario. A general enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity control model derived from the multiple ligand-radical interactions is thus established for CrCl2/bisoxazoline-catalyzed asymmetric radical addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
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3
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Jiang S, Zhang T, Luo XY, Dong S, Ma JT, Xiao LJ. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Carbosilylation of 1,3-Dienes via Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202504494. [PMID: 40178160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202504494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
The regiodivergent carbosilylation of 1,3-dienes presents a formidable challenge due to inherently complex selectivity control over multiple potential reaction pathways. Here, we report a ligand-controlled, regiodivergent carbosilylation of 1,3-dienes with aldehydes and silylboranes, achieving unprecedented site-selectivity using nickel catalysts with distinct phosphine ligands. The use of triethylphosphine promotes 4,3-addition selectivity, while employing (2-biphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine facilitates 4,1-addition selectivity. This method displays excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity, as well as a broad substrate scope and substantial functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ligand choice is crucial for directing the reaction pathway and stabilizing π-allyl-nickel intermediates. Our protocol provides a practical and efficient approach to synthesizing valuable functionalized allylsilanes, which are important in various synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shoucheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin-Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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4
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Tan GQ, Zhou QL, Qin HT, Liu F. Access to 5- to 14-Membered N-Heterocycles by Alkylamination of 1,3-Dienes via Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2025; 27:2936-2940. [PMID: 40077937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Medium-sized rings show great potential in medicinal chemistry but are difficult to achieve via direct cyclization reaction. We herein report a versatile and mild photocatalytic approach for synthesis of medium- and large-sized vinyl N-heterocycles by radical-mediated cyclization of sulfonamides with pendant 1,3-dienes. The reaction involves the generation of radicals from alkyl halides and cyclization of π-allylpalladium species. This method could serve as a versatile platform for the construction of N-heterocycles with medium- and large-sized rings via Pd catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hai-Tao Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Illuminating Palladium Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2025; 58:861-876. [PMID: 40009731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
ConspectusThe past decade has witnessed significant advancements of visible-light-induced photocatalysis, establishing it as a powerful and versatile tool in organic synthesis. The major focus of this field has centered on the development of methodologies that either rely solely on photocatalysts or combine photocatalysis with other catalytic methods, such as transition metal catalysis, to address a broader and more diverse array of transformations. Within this rapidly evolving area, a subfield that we refer to as transition metal photocatalysis has garnered significant attention due to its growing impact and mechanistic uniqueness. A distinguishing feature of this subfield is the dual functionality of a single transition metal complex, which not only acts as a photocatalyst to initiate photochemical processes but also functions as a traditional catalyst, facilitating key bond-breaking and bond-forming events. As such, an exogenous photocatalyst is not required in transition metal photocatalysis. However, the implications of harnessing both the excited- and ground-state reactivities of the transition metal complex can extend beyond this simplification. One of the most compelling aspects of this area is that photoexcited transition metal complexes can exhibit unique reactivities inaccessible through conventional thermal or dual photocatalytic approaches. These distinct reactivities can be leveraged to accomplish novel transformations either by engaging an entirely different substrate pool or by unlocking new reactivities of known substrates.In 2016, our group pioneered the use of phosphine-ligated palladium catalysts that can be photoexcited upon visible-light irradiation to engage diverse substrates in radical reactions. In our initial discovery, we showed that photoexcitation can redirect the well-established oxidative addition of a Pd(0) complex into aryl iodides toward an unprecedented radical process, generating hybrid aryl Pd(I) radical species. We subsequently extended this novel strategy to the formation of alkyl radicals from alkyl halides. These reactive radical intermediates have been harnessed in a wide variety of transformations, including desaturation, alkyl Heck reactions, and alkene difunctionalization cascades, among others.Seeking to further expand this new avenue, we achieved the first example of asymmetric palladium photocatalysis in the context of allylic C-H amination, where the palladium catalyst now plays triple duty by additionally controlling the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. In parallel to reaction discovery, we have also established that diazo compounds, strained molecules, and electron-deficient alkenes can serve as alkyl radical precursors beyond organic halides and redox-active esters. Notably, the engagement of electron-deficient alkenes has been made possible by the photoinduced hydricity enhancement of Pd-H species, representing a new mode of photoexcited reactivity.This Account presents our discovery and development of visible-light-induced palladium catalysis, organized by the type of transformations explored. Given the rapid progress in the field, we anticipate that this Account will provide readers with guiding principles and inspiration for designing and developing more efficient and novel transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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6
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Han H, Yi W, Ding S, Ren X, Zhao B. Enantioselective Three-Component α-Allylic Alkylation of α-Amino Esters by Synergistic Photoinduced Pd/Carbonyl Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202418910. [PMID: 39551702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202418910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced excited-state Pd catalysis has emerged as an intriguing strategy for unlocking new reactivity potential of simple substrates. However, the related transformations are still limited and the enantiocontrol remains challenging. Organocatalysis displays unique capability in substrate activation and stereocontrol. Combination of organocatalysis and photoinduced excited-state Pd catalysis may provide opportunities to develop new enantioselective reactions from simple substrates. By applying cooperative triple catalysis including excited-state Pd catalysis, ground-state Pd catalysis, and carbonyl catalysis, we have successfully realized enantioselective α-allylic alkylation of α-amino esters with simple styrene and alkyl halide starting materials. The reaction allows rapid modular assembly of the three reaction partners into a variety of chiral quaternary α-amino esters in good yields with 90-99 % ee, without protecting group manipulations at the active NH2 group. The cooperation of the chiral pyridoxal catalyst and the chiral phosphine ligand accounts for the excellent chirality induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Han
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wuqi Yi
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shaojie Ding
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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7
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Wang L, Zhou PP, Xie D, Yue Q, Sun HZ, Yang SD, Wang GW. Dynamic Kinetic Activation of Aziridines Enables Radical-Polar Crossover (4 + 3) Cycloaddition with 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:2675-2688. [PMID: 39791566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
The cycloaddition of aziridines with unsaturated compounds is a valuable method for synthesizing nitrogen heterocycles. However, this process is predominantly substrate-controlled, posing significant challenges in regulating the regioselectivity of the C-N bond cleavage. In this study, we report a nickel-catalyzed dynamic kinetic activation strategy that enables catalyst-controlled activation of aziridines. Various types of aziridines, including 2-phenyl, 2-carbonyl, 2-alkyl, and disubstituted aziridines, consistently cleave their more sterically hindered C-N bonds to generate 1,3-radical anion intermediates. These intermediates participate in a highly regioselective 1,4-Heck/allylic substitution cascade with aromatic branched 1,3-dienes, resulting in a radical-polar crossover (4 + 3) cycloaddition that produces seven-membered azepine products. This approach not only complements traditional dipolar cycloaddition, in which aziridines typically act as zwitterionic 1,3-dipoles, but also introduces an unusual cycloaddition mode for 1,3-dienes. Experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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8
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Senapati S, Kumar Hota S, Kloene L, Empel C, Murarka S, Koenigs RM. C-H Alkylation of Heterocycles via Light-Mediated Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202417107. [PMID: 39466675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202417107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Methods enabling direct C-H alkylation of heterocycles are of fundamental importance in the late-stage modification of natural products, bioactive molecules, and medicinally relevant compounds. However, there is a scarcity of a general strategy for the direct C-H alkylation of a variety of heterocycles using commercially available alkyl surrogates. We report an operationally simple palladium-catalyzed direct C-H alkylation of heterocycles using alkyl halides under the visible light irradiation with good scalability and functional group tolerance. Our studies suggest that the photoinduced alkylation proceeds through a cascade of events comprising, site-selective alkyl radical addition, base-assisted deprotonation, and oxidation. A combination of experiments and computations was employed for the generalization of this strategy, which was successfully translated towards the modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Senapati
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lennard Kloene
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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9
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Wu DX, Ruan XY, Zhang WQ, Sayed M, Han ZY. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-Butadienes via Aliphatic C-H Bond Elaboration. Org Lett 2025; 27:618-622. [PMID: 39772850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
A three-component coupling strategy for 1,4-dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-butadiene with C-H bearing substrates has been developed using photoinduced Pd catalysis, with aryl bromide serving as the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent. This photocatalytic coupling process achieves functionalized oxindole motifs in good yield and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The versatility and synthetic utility of this method are demonstrated through the addition of a variety of C-H-bearing partners and various oxindole substrates to both substituted and unsubstituted butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Xing Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Ruan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mostafa Sayed
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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10
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Huang Y, Han YF, Zhang CL, Ye S. Regioselective Alkylacylation of 1,3-Dienes by Merging N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis with Photoinduced Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2025; 27:415-420. [PMID: 39689368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a dual catalytic platform for the 1,2- or 1,4-alkylacylation reaction of 1,3-dienes with readily available alkyl halides and aldehydes by merging N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis with photoinduced palladium catalysis. A series of β,γ-unsaturated ketones are obtained in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction involves a radical process. The direct synthesis of flavanone from salicylaldehyde exemplified the potential capability of this dual catalytic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Feng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Mukherjee K, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Direct Sulfonylation of Allylic C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202413646. [PMID: 39287933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Allylic sulfones are valuable motifs due to their medicinal and biological significance and their versatile chemical reactivities. While direct allylic C-H sulfonylation represents a straightforward and desirable approach, these methods are primarily restricted to terminal alkenes, leaving the engagement of the internal counterparts a formidable challenge. Herein we report a photocatalytic approach that accommodates both cyclic and acyclic internal alkenes with diverse substitution patterns and electronic properties. Importantly, the obtained allylic sulfones can be readily diversified into a wide range of products, thus enabling formal alkene transposition and all-carbon quaternary center formation through the sequential C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080-3021, United States
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12
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Meng J, Wang J, Zhang J, Yang Z, Wu Z, Zhang W. Regio-, Site- and Stereo-Selective Aziridination of Conjugated Dienes Enabled by Palladium/Copper/Iodide/Oxygen Cooperation. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202403298. [PMID: 39462200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202403298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Vinylaziridines are important building blocks in organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The direct and efficient transfer of an appropriate nitrogen source to readily accessible conjugated dienes is a notable methodology. The Pd-catalyzed oxidative 1,2-difunctionalization of conjugated dienes through a π-allyl-palladium species should be an ideal method for the selective synthesis of vinylaziridines. However, this method faces the challenge of regioselectivity, often resulting in 1,4-difunctionalization instead. In this study, we developed a Pd-catalyzed aerobic 1,2-difunctionalization of conjugated dienes via a π-allyl-palladium species to achieve regio-, site- and stereo-selective aziridination under the synergistic effects of PdII, CuI, I-, and O2. The π-allyl palladium species formed in the system undergoes an unusual iodination process, leading to the formation of an allyl iodide intermediate. Subsequently, the vinylaziridine is obtained through intramolecular SN2' substitution of the allyl iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhengxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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Li Z, Bao L, Wei K, Zhan B, Lu P, Zhang X. Defluorinative Multicomponent Cascade Reaction of Trifluoromethylarenes via Photoexcited Palladium Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:4223-4233. [PMID: 39610743 PMCID: PMC11600152 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of aromatic difluoromethyl motifs has proven to be a fruitful strategy for enhancing the therapeutic profiles of modern pharmaceutical candidates. While the defluorofunctionalization of trifluoromethylarenes offers a promising pathway toward diverse aromatic difluoromethyl compounds, current methods are predominantly limited to two-component reactions. Multicomponent cascade reactions (MCRs) involving a transient aromatic difluoromethyl radical are still uncommon and highly sought after, owing to their capacity to rapidly generate challenging molecular structures. In this study, we present a photocatalytic manifold that combines commercially available trifluoromethylarenes, feedstock dienes, and various nucleophiles to achieve a modular defluorinative MCR. This method features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, this protocol enables a previously unreported process of defluorinative editing for the resulting MCR aromatic difluoromethyl adducts. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the proposed photoexcited palladium catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou
Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Kaihang Wei
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou
Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou
Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou
Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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14
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Velisoju VK, Ramos-Fernández EV, Kancherla R, Ahmad R, Pal K, Mohamed H, Cerrillo JL, Meijerink MJ, Cavallo L, Rueping M, Castaño P. Highly Dispersed Pd@ZIF-8 for Photo-Assisted Cross-Couplings and CO 2 to Methanol: Activity and Selectivity Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409490. [PMID: 39126183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Our study unveils a pioneering methodology that effectively distributes Pd species within a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). We demonstrate that Pd can be encapsulated within ZIF-8 as atomically dispersed Pd species that function as an excited-state transition metal catalyst for promoting carbon-carbon (C-C) cross-couplings at room temperature using visible light as the driving force. Furthermore, the same material can be reduced at 250 °C, forming Pd metal nanoparticles encapsulated in ZIF-8. This catalyst shows high rates and selectivity for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol under industrially relevant conditions (250 °C, 50 bar): 7.46 molmethanol molmetal -1 h-1 and >99 %. Our results demonstrate the correlations of the catalyst structure with the performances at experimental and theoretical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Velisoju
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enrique V Ramos-Fernández
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Ahmad
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuntal Pal
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend Mohamed
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose L Cerrillo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark J Meijerink
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro Castaño
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhou Q, Wang J, Bian T, Liang Y, Yan W, Zhou L, Zhang Z. Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Difluoromethylative Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes Using Freon-22. Org Lett 2024; 26:9091-9096. [PMID: 39404056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-driven, palladium-catalyzed 1,4-difluoromethylative functionalization of conjugated dienes using chlorodifluoromethane (ClCF2H, Freon-22) as a cost-effective difluoromethyl source. The excited palladium catalyst efficiently reduces the C-Cl bond, which generates a CF2H radical, followed by regioselective SN2' substitution to afford 1,4-difunctionalized products. This versatile, redox-neutral method accommodates diverse nucleophiles and exhibits broad functional group compatibility, making it suitable for late-stage functionalization in drug discovery and offering a direct route to difluoromethylated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tiancen Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weikang Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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16
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Lu J, Yuan K, Zheng J, Zhang H, Chen S, Ma J, Liu X, Tu B, Zhang G, Guo R. Photoinduced Electron Donor Acceptor Complex-Enabled α-C(sp 3)-H Alkenylation of Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409310. [PMID: 39001611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Allylic amines are prevalent and vital structural components present in many bioactive compounds and natural products. Additionally, they serve as valuable intermediates and building blocks, with wide-ranging applications in organic synthesis. However, direct α-C(sp3)-H alkenylation of feedstock amines, particularly for the preparation of α-alkenylated cyclic amines, has posed a longstanding challenge. Herein, we present a general, mild, operationally simple, and transition-metal-free α-alkenylation of various readily available amines with alkenylborate esters in excellent E/Z - and diastereoselectivities. This method features good compatibility with water and oxygen, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance, thereby enabling the late-stage modification of various complex molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest that the formation of a photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex between 2-iodobenzamide and the tetraalkoxyborate anion, which subsequently undergoes photoinduced single electron transfer and intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to generate the crucial α-amino radicals, is the key to success of this chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyao Yuan
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jialian Zheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Tu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
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17
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Liu ZL, Yan JL, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Enantioselective 1,2-Carboamination of 1,3-Dienes with N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) Esters Enabled by a Photoinduced Pd Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:8762-8767. [PMID: 39361810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinduced, Pd-catalyzed direct 1,2-carboamination of conjugated 1,3-dienes has been successfully achieved. Sequential regioselective C-C bond and enantioselective C-N bond formation allows rapid assembly of a wide range of value-added chiral allylic amines from readily available N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and 1,3-dienes under mild conditions. This developed protocol further demonstrates the versatility and potency of the photoexcited Pd catalytic system with a bifunctional reagent in the streamlined difunctionalization of C═C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Le Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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18
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Wang XS, Zhang YJ, Cao J, Xu LW. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Germylative Arylation of Alkenes with Chlorogermanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12848-12852. [PMID: 39145490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe a visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed radical germylative arylation of alkenes with easily accessible chlorogermanes. This protocol provides expedient access to germanium-substituted indolin-2-ones in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The key step for this strategy lies in the reductive activation of germanium-chloride bonds with an excited palladium complex under visible light irradiation. The involvement of germanium radicals was evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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19
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Wang J, Xu B, Wang Y, Xia G, Zhang ZM, Zhang J. Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Three-Component Carboamination of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21231-21238. [PMID: 39074300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric Pd-catalyzed three-component carboamination reactions of dienes to construct chiral cyclohexenylamines, which are of great importance in many fields of chemistry, have remained largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a highly enantio- and regioselective Pd/Ming-Phos-catalyzed carboamination reactions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene with readily available aryl iodides and anilines for facile access to diverse valuable chiral cyclohexenylamines. The process shows excellent functional group tolerance, easy scalability, and mild conditions. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction has a first-order dependence on the concentration of the palladium catalyst and aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R.China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R.China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R.China
| | - Yibo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R.China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R.China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, P.R.China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R.China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R.China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R.China
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20
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Li GQ, Li ZQ, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Radical 1,2-Azidooxygenation of 1,3-Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405560. [PMID: 38787342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Radical-involved multicomponent difunctionalization of 1,3-dienes has recently emerged as a promising strategy for rapid synthesis of valuable allylic compounds in one-pot operation. However, the expansion of radical scope and enantiocontrol remain two major challenges. Herein, we describe an unprecedented photoinduced copper-catalyzed highly enantioselective three-component radical 1,2-azidooxygenation of 1,3-dienes with readily available azidobenziodazolone reagent and carboxylic acids. This mild protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and exceptional control over chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity, providing practical access to diverse valuable azidated chiral allylic esters. Mechanistic studies imply that the chiral copper complex is implicated as a bifunctional catalyst in both the photoredox catalyzed azidyl radical generation and enantioselective radical C-O cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zi-Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
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21
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Yamada K, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. General Regio- and Diastereoselective Allylic C-H Oxygenation of Internal Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18218-18223. [PMID: 38922638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Branched allylic esters and carboxylates are fundamental motifs prevalent in natural products and drug molecules. The direct allylic C-H oxygenation of internal alkenes represents one of the most straightforward approaches, bypassing the requirement for an allylic leaving group as in the classical Tsuji-Trost reaction. However, current methods suffer from limited scope─often accompanied by selectivity issues─thus hampering further development. Herein we report a photocatalytic platform as a general solution to these problems, enabling the coupling of diverse internal alkenes with carboxylic acids, alcohols, and other O-nucleophiles, typically in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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22
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Ruan XY, Wu DX, Li WA, Lin Z, Sayed M, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Photoinduced Decatungstate Anion-Catalyzed 1,4-Difunctionalization of 1,3-Butadienes via C-H Activation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5528-5533. [PMID: 38901007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper outlines an innovative three-component coupling strategy for the 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-butadiene, utilizing sodium decatungstate (NaDT) as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalyst. The photoinduced process efficiently generates homoallylic amino acid esters with 100% atom economy, employing readily available components under mild reaction conditions. This light-induced protocol eliminates the need for an additional transition metal catalysts, additives, or equivalent reducing agents. The study explored various C(sp3)-H bearing partners, butadienes, and α-iminoesters, demonstrating the versatility and synthetic utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Ruan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Xing Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ao Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mostafa Sayed
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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23
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Liang Y, Bian T, Yadav K, Zhou Q, Zhou L, Sun R, Zhang Z. Selective 1,4-syn-Addition to Cyclic 1,3-Dienes via Hybrid Palladium Catalysis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1191-1200. [PMID: 38947211 PMCID: PMC11212138 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
1,4-cis-Disubstituted cyclic compounds play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical development, offering enhanced potency and bioavailability. However, their stereoselective and modular synthesis remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we report an innovative strategy for accessing these structures via mild conditions employing cyclic 1,3-dienes/alkyl(aryl)halides and amines. This procedure exhibits a wide substrate scope that tolerates various functional groups. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the efficient synthesis of a TRPV6 inhibitor, CFTR modulator, and other bioactive molecules. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the hybrid palladium-catalyzed radical-polar crossover mechanism is crucial for achieving exceptional 1,4-syn-addition selectivity (dr > 20:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Key
Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
| | - Tiancen Bian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Komal Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Qixin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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24
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Yang J, Li CR, Guo X, Chen Z, Hu K, Li LX. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed 1,2-Aminoalkylation of Aromatic Alkenes with Hydroxyl as the Directing Group. Org Lett 2024; 26:5110-5114. [PMID: 38848135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The hybrid nature of Pd(I)-alkyl radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations. However, in this transformation, the secondary Pd(I)-alkyl radical species are prone to recombining into Pd(II)-alkyl species to give Heck-type products via β-H loss. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced, three-component Pd-catalyzed 1,2-aminoalkylation of alkenes with readily available alkyl halides and amines to construct C-C and C-N bonds simultaneously. Mechanistic investigation shows that the intermediate of o-quinone methide produced is the key factor in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chen-Rui Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li-Xin Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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25
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Zhan X, Nie Z, Li N, Zhou A, Lv H, Liang M, Wu K, Cheng GJ, Yin Q. Catalytic Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via a Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed 1,2-Bisfunctionalization of Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404388. [PMID: 38641988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced Pd-catalyzed bisfunctionalization of butadienes with a readily available organic halide and a nucleophile represents an emerging and attractive method to assemble versatile alkenes bearing various functional groups at the allylic position. However, enantiocontrol and/or diastereocontrol in the C-C or C-X bond-formation step have not been solved due to the open-shell process. Herein, we present a cascade asymmetric dearomatization reaction of indoles via photoexcited Pd-catalyzed 1,2-biscarbonfunctionalization of 1,3-butadienes, wherein asymmetric control on both the nucleophile and electrophile part is achieved for the first time in photoinduced bisfunctionalization of butadienes. This method delivers structurally novel chiral spiroindolenines bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereomeric ratios (up to >20 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric ratios (up to 97 : 3 er). Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism have confirmed a radical pathway involving excited-state palladium catalysis. The alignment and non-covalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst were found to be essential for stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhan
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Nie
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Lv
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Liang
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Wu
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yin
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang J, Huan XD, Wang X, Li GQ, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent advances in C(sp 3)-N bond formation via metallaphoto-redox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6340-6361. [PMID: 38832416 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The C(sp3)-N bond is ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, biologically active molecules and functional materials. Consequently, the development of practical and efficient methods for C(sp3)-N bond formation has attracted more and more attention. Compared to the conventional ionic pathway-based thermal methods, photochemical processes that proceed through radical mechanisms by merging photoredox and transition-metal catalyses have emerged as powerful and alternative tools for C(sp3)-N bond formation. In this review, recent advances in the burgeoning field of C(sp3)-N bond formation via metallaphotoredox catalysis have been highlighted. The contents of this review are categorized according to the transition metals used (copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium, and iron) together with photocatalysis. Emphasis is placed on methodology achievements and mechanistic insight, aiming to inspire chemists to invent more efficient radical-involved C(sp3)-N bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiao-Die Huan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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27
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Teng BH, Bao ZP, Zhao Y, Wu XF. Nickel-Catalyzed Four-Component Carbonylation of 1,3-Butadiene To Access β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:4779-4783. [PMID: 38807481 PMCID: PMC11165585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A new strategy to obtain β,γ-unsaturated ketones via the cross-coupling of 1,3-butadiene, alkyl bromides, and arylboronic acids under 1 bar of CO with nickel as the catalyst has been developed. This newly developed four-component carbonylation procedure features advantages including using a cheap catalytic system, high step economy, mild reaction conditions, and excellent 1,4-regioselectivity, thereby providing a sustainable and alternative tool for β,γ-unsaturated ketones production compared to the present tactics. To elucidate the application potential of this method, olefin synthons are derived from the representative coupling product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hong Teng
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning
Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Bao
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yingying Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning
Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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28
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Zhang F, Zhang G, Zhou Q, Bian T, Zhou L, Zhang Z. Hybrid Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboamination of Conjugated Dienes: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidines via Selective Trifluoromethylarene Defluorination. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38808763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of difluoromethylene groups into aza-heterocycles represents a compelling yet underexplored avenue in contemporary chemical research. In this study, we unveil a hybrid palladium-catalyzed intramolecular gem-difluoroalkylamination of conjugated dienes, providing a versatile approach to the synthesis of diverse functionalized pyrrolidines. Noteworthy features include mild reaction conditions and a remarkable tolerance toward various functional groups. Additionally, the use of alkyl iodides as electrophiles facilitates the generation of the corresponding alkylamination products. Control experiments support a proposed hybrid palladium-catalyzed radical-polar crossover pathway, offering insights into the underlying chemical processes governing this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Guocong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Tiancen Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2217, United States
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2217, United States
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29
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Ruan XY, Wu DX, Li WA, Lin Z, Sayed M, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carboamination of Dienes via Aliphatic C-H Bond Elaboration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12053-12062. [PMID: 38622809 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Three-component diene carboaminations offer a potent means to access synthetically valuable allylic amines with rapid molecular complexity escalation. The existing literature primarily discloses racemic examples, necessitating the use of halides/pseudohalides as substrates. This paper introduces a photoinduced Pd-catalyzed enantioselective three-component carboamination of aryl-substituted 1,3-dienes, leveraging aliphatic C-H bonds for rapid synthesis. The reaction employs 10 mol % of chiral palladium catalyst and an excess aryl bromide as the HAT reagent. This approach yields diverse chiral allylamines with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, it stands as the first instance of an asymmetric three-component diene carboamination reaction, directly utilizing abundant C(sp3)-H bearing partners, such as toluene-type substrates, ethers, amines, esters, and ketones. The protocol exhibits versatility across amines, encompassing aliphatic, aromatic, primary, and secondary derivatives. This method could serve as a versatile platform for stereoselective incorporation of various nucleophiles, dienes, and C(sp3)-H bearing partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dan-Xing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Ao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mostafa Sayed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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30
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Wei Y, Xie XY, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang B, Chen XY, Li SJ, Lan Y, Hong K. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401050. [PMID: 38444397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α-halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross-coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron-containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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31
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Cai Y, Gaurav G, Ritter T. 1,4-Aminoarylation of Butadienes via Photoinduced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311250. [PMID: 38334292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced, three-component palladium-catalyzed 1,4-aminoarylation of butadienes with readily available aryl halides and aliphatic amines has been developed, affording allylamines with excellent E-selectivity. The reaction exhibits exceptional control over chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity, a broad substrate scope, and high functional group compatibility, as demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with a photoinduced radical Pd(0)-Pd(I)-Pd(II)-Pd(0) Heck-Tsuji-Trost allylation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gaurav Gaurav
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Liu GX, Jie XT, Niu GJ, Yang LS, Li XL, Luo J, Hu WH. Palladium-catalyzed three-component radical-polar crossover carboamination of 1,3-dienes or allenes with diazo esters and amines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:661-671. [PMID: 38590540 PMCID: PMC10999982 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-mediated palladium-catalyzed three-component radical-polar crossover carboamination of 1,3-dienes or allenes with diazo esters and amines, affording unsaturated γ- and ε-amino acid derivatives with diverse structures. In this methodology, the diazo compound readily transforms into a hybrid α-ester alkylpalladium radical with the release of dinitrogen. The radical intermediate selectively adds to the double bond of a 1,3-diene or allene, followed by the allylpalladium radical-polar crossover path and selective allylic substitution with the amine substrate, thereby leading to a single unsaturated γ- or ε-amino acid derivative. This approach proceeds under mild and simple reaction conditions and shows high functional group tolerance, especially in the incorporation of various bioactive molecules. The studies on scale-up reactions and diverse derivatizations highlight the practical utility of this multicomponent reaction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ge-Jun Niu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xing-Lin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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33
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Fan Q, Jiang K, Liu B, Jiang H, Cao X, Yin B. Radical-Dearomative Generation of Cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) toward the 3D Transformation of Nonactivated Phenyl Rings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307074. [PMID: 38102822 PMCID: PMC10916580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of (hetero)arenes takes place via an ionic pathway and usually requires elevated temperatures to overcome the energy barrier of the dearomative insertion step. Herein, a combination of the radical and two-electron pathways is disclosed, which enables room temperature dearomative 3D transformations of nonactivated phenyl rings with Pd(0) as the catalyst. Experimental results together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate a versatile π-allyl Pd(II) species, cyclohexadienyl Pd(II), possibly is involved in the dearomatization. This species is generated by combining the cyclohexadienyl radical and Pd(I). The cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) provides chemoselective (carboamination and trieneylation), regioselective (1,2-carboamination), and diastereoselective (carbonyl-group directed face selectivity) conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical Collegeand State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
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34
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Recent Advances in Visible Light Induced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311972. [PMID: 37957126 PMCID: PMC10922525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced Pd catalysis has emerged as a promising subfield of photocatalysis. The hybrid nature of Pd radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations otherwise challenging or unknown via conventional Pd chemistry. In parallel to the ongoing pursuit of alternative, readily available radical precursors, notable discoveries have demonstrated that photoexcitation can alter not only oxidative addition but also other elementary steps. This Minireview highlights the recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
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35
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Long F, Jiang K, Song W, Luo W, Yin B. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative 2,5-Difunctionalizition of Furans via Cascade C-C/C-O Bond Formation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1083-1087. [PMID: 38277672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient and mild approach for radical dearomatization via photoinduced palladium-catalyzed reaction of three components (i.e., furans, alcohols, and bromoalkanes). In this strategy, various functionalized spiro-heterocycles were prepared from furans in one step via cascade C-C/C-O bond formation under redox neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Long
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Wenkun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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36
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Ma X, Malcolmson SJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Three-Component Alkenylamination of 1,3-Dienes with Alkyl and Aryl Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27680-27689. [PMID: 38054457 PMCID: PMC10802114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a palladium-catalyzed method for 4,3- or 4,1-selective alkenylamination of terminal dienes. Three-component couplings proceed with alkenyl triflates and several amines, giving vicinal carboamination with a Xantphos-supported catalyst and distal difunctionalization with a phosphoramidite ligand. A number of constitutionally different disubstituted dienes also participate in regiodivergent carboaminations. Experimental evidence indicates that selectivity in the Xantphos reactions is largely influenced by the substrate, whereas the phosphoramidite-promoted process is catalyst controlled, orchestrated by a key π-stacking interaction among the ligand, solvent, and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Steven J Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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37
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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Escape from Hydrofunctionalization: Palladium Hydride-Enabled Difunctionalization of Conjugated Dienes and Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311848. [PMID: 37788158 PMCID: PMC10842412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium hydrides are traditionally employed in hydrofunctionalization (i.e. monofunctionalization) of conjugated dienes and enynes, owning to its facile protic hydropalladation of electron-rich (or neutral) unsaturated bonds. Herein, we report a mild PdH-catalyzed difunctionalization of conjugated dienes and enynes. This protocol is enabled by the chemoselectivity switch of the initial hydropalladation step achieved by visible light enhancement of hydricity of PdH species. This method allows for cascade annulation of dienes and enynes with various easily available and abundant substrates, such as acrylic acids, acrylic amides, and Baylis-Hillman adducts, toward a wide range of alkenyl or alkynyl lactones, lactams, and tetrahydrofurans. This protocol also provides an easy access to complex spiro-fused tricyclic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
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38
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Shi T, Zhang T, Yang J, Li Y, Shu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Zhang D, Hu W. Bifunctionality of dirhodium tetracarboxylates in metallaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7269. [PMID: 37949850 PMCID: PMC10638314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotocatalysis has been recognized as a pivotal catalysis enabling new reactivities. Traditional metallaphotocatalysis often requires two or more separate catalysts and exhibits flaw in cost and substrate-tolerance, thus representing an await-to-solve issue in catalysis. We herein realize metallaphotocatalysis with a bifunctional dirhodium tetracarboxylate ([Rh2]) alone. The [Rh2] shows an photocatalytic activity of promoting singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation. By harnessing its photocatalytic activity, the [Rh2] catalyzes a photochemical cascade reaction (PCR) via combination of carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry. The PCR is characterized by high atom-efficiency, excellent stereoselectivities, mild conditions, scalable synthesis, and pharmaceutically interesting products. DFT calculations-aided mechanistic study rationalizes the reaction pathway and interprets the origin of stereoselectivities of the PCR. The products show inhibitory activity against PTP1B, being promising in the treatment of type II diabetes and cancers. Overall, here we show the bifunctional [Rh2] merges Rh-carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yukai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jirong Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengchu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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39
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Chang YH, Shen W, Shezaf JZ, Ortiz E, Krische MJ. Palladium(I)-Iodide-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Heck Reaction of Vinyl Triflates: A Formate-Mediated Cross-Electrophile Reductive Coupling with cine-Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22890-22895. [PMID: 37845783 PMCID: PMC10615887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The first deoxygenative Heck reactions are described, as illustrated by formate-mediated cine-substitutions of vinyl triflates with aryl iodides. The collective data corroborate a mechanism in which Pd(OAc)2 and Bu4NI form the dianionic iodide-bridged dimer [Pd2I6][NBu4]2, which, under reducing conditions, serves as a precursor to the palladium(I) complex [Pd2I4][NBu4]2. Dinculear oxidative addition of aryl iodide forms [Pd2I5(Ar)][NBu4]2, which dissociates to the monometallic complex [PdI2(Ar)][NBu4]. Vinyl triflate migratory insertion-sulfonate elimination delivers a palladium(IV) carbene, which upon β-hydride elimination/C-H reductive elimination gives the product of cine-substitution. These processes are the first efficient formate-mediated cross-electrophile reductive couplings beyond carbonyl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijia Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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40
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Maity B, Karuthedath S, Laquai F, Cavallo L, Rueping M. Mechanistic insights into excited-state palladium catalysis for C-S bond formations and dehydrogenative sulfonylation of amines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6622. [PMID: 37857662 PMCID: PMC10587301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic selective C(sp3)-H activation/cross-coupling reactions are appealing in organic synthesis. In this manuscript, we describe the development of photoexcited-state Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative β-sulfonylation reactions using amines and aryl sulfonyl chlorides via intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer and C-S cross-coupling processes at room temperature. The transformation can be achieved by the direct generation of two distinct Pd-radical hybrid species and their capability to promote two different reactivities from Pd(0) and aryl sulfonyl chlorides, allowing for the efficient conversion of readily available amines into stable sulfonyl-substituted enamines at room temperature. The in-depth experimental, computational, and transient optical spectroscopic study and catalytic applications of a dehydrogenative functionalization event provide evidence for both static and dynamic quenching, as well as inner-sphere and outer-sphere mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Brals J, McGuire TM, Watson AJB. A Chemoselective Polarity-Mismatched Photocatalytic C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) Cross-Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Boron Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310462. [PMID: 37622419 PMCID: PMC10952440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) coupling reaction using styrene boronic acids and redox-active esters under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through an unusual polarity-mismatched radical addition mechanism that is orthogonal to established processes. Synergistic activation of the radical precursor and organoboron are critical mechanistic events. Activation of an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester by coordination to boron enables electron transfer, with decomposition leading to a nucleofuge rebound, activating the organoboron to radical addition. The unique mechanism enables chemoselective coupling of styrene boronic acids in the presence of other alkene radical acceptors. The scope and limitations of the reaction, and a detailed mechanistic investigation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brals
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- AstraZenecaDarwin Building, Unit 310Cambridge Science Park, Milton RoadCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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42
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Huang H, Lin YM, Gong L. Recent Advances in Photochemical Asymmetric Three-Component Reactions. CHEM REC 2023:e202300275. [PMID: 37772656 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, asymmetric photochemical synthesis has garnered significant attention for its sustainability and unique ability to generate enantio-enriched molecules through distinct reaction pathways. Photochemical asymmetric three-component reactions have demonstrated significant potential for the rapid construction of chiral compounds with molecular diversity and complexity. However, noteworthy challenges persist, including the participation of high-energy intermediates such as radical species, difficulties in precise control of stereoselectivity, and the presence of competing background and side reactions. Recent breakthroughs have led to the development of sophisticated strategies in this field. This review explores the intricate mechanisms, synthetic applications, and limitations of these methods. We anticipate that it will contribute towards advancing asymmetric catalysis, photochemical synthesis, and green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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43
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Clark K, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Nelson DJ, Kennedy AR, Murphy JA. A Hierarchy of Ligands Controls Formation and Reaction of Aryl Radicals in Pd-Catalyzed Ground-State Base-Promoted Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20849-20858. [PMID: 37713365 PMCID: PMC10540214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground-state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOtBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene 7, undergo base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8 and biphenyl 9 in an approximately 1:4 ratio as well as m-xylene 10. The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene. Using substrate 7 with a range of Pd sources as potential initiators led to formation of 8, 9, and 10 in varying amounts. However, when any one of a range of diphosphinoferrocenes (e.g., dppf or dippf) or BINAP or the monophosphine, diphenylphosphinoferrocene, was added as a ligand to Pd(OAc)2, the ratio of [2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8: biphenyl 9] moved decisively to that expected from the BHAS (radical) pathway. Further studies were conducted with dppf. When dppf was added to each of the other Pd sources, the ratio of coupled products was also diverted to that expected for radical BHAS chemistry. Deuterium isotope studies and radical trap experiments provide strong additional support for the involvement of aryl radicals. Accordingly, under these ground-state conditions, palladium sources, in the presence of defined ligands, convert aryl iodides to aryl radicals. A rationale is proposed for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth
F. Clark
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, U.K.
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- GSK
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, U.K.
| | - David J. Nelson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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44
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Rivas M, Debnath S, Giri S, Noffel YM, Sun X, Gevorgyan V. One-Pot Formal Carboradiofluorination of Alkenes: A Toolkit for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probe Development. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19265-19273. [PMID: 37625118 PMCID: PMC10760797 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first one-pot formal alkene carboradiofluorination reaction employing easily accessible alkenes as both prosthetic group precursors and coupling partners. The methodology features rapid sequential Markovnikov-selective iodofluorination and photoinduced Pd(0/I/II)-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction as a mild and robust fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemical approach for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe development. A new class of prosthetic groups for PET imaging probe synthesis was isolated as iodofluorinated intermediates in moderate to excellent yields. The one-pot formal alkenylfluorination reaction was carried out to produce over 30 analogues of a wide range of bioactive molecules. Further application of the Pd(0/I/II) manifold in PET probe development was illustrated by the direct carbo(radio)fluorination of electron-rich alkenes. The methods were successfully translated to radiolabel a broad scope of medicinally relevant small molecules in generally good radiochemical conversion. The protocol was further optimized to accommodate no-carrier-added conditions with similar efficiency for future (pre)clinical translation. Moreover, the radiosynthesis of prosthetic groups was automated in a radiochemistry module to facilitate its practical use in multistep radiochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sachin Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuf M Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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45
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Liu Y, Yan H, Chen Y, Hao E, Shi L. Photoinduced copper-catalyzed selective three-component 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10388-10391. [PMID: 37551551 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a highly effective method for the photoinduced copper-catalyzed 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes. This synthetic strategy involves the dual roles of a single copper catalyst, which can act as a photosensitizer to generate nitrogen radicals and can also react with allyl radicals via single electron transfer (SET) processes. The method produces a range of quaternary carbon-centered allyl carboxylic esters and tertiary ethers with high yields and excellent regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
| | - Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
| | - Yuqing Chen
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
| | - Erjun Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
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46
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Kvasovs N, Fang J, Kliuev F, Gevorgyan V. Merging of Light/Dark Palladium Catalytic Cycles Enables Multicomponent Tandem Alkyl Heck/Tsuji-Trost Homologative Amination Reaction toward Allylic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18497-18505. [PMID: 37556443 PMCID: PMC10750327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed homologative three-component synthesis of allylic amines has been developed. This protocol proceeds via a unique mechanism involving two distinct cycles enabled by the same Pd(0) catalyst: a visible light-induced hybrid radical alkyl Heck reaction between 1,1-dielectrophile and styrene, followed by the "in dark" classical Tsuji-Trost-type allylic substitution reaction. This method works well with a broad range of primary and secondary amines, aryl alkenes, dielectrophiles, and in complex settings. The regiochemistry of the obtained products is primarily governed by the structure of 1,1-dielectrophile. Involvement of π-allyl palladium intermediates allowed for the control of stereoselectivity, which has been demonstrated with up to 95:5 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Fedor Kliuev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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47
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Lu WD, Zheng Y, Zhang ZP, Chen HB, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced, Palladium-Mediated Desaturation/Sulfonation Cascade To Access 4-Sulfonyltetrahydropyridine Scaffolds. Org Lett 2023; 25:6077-6081. [PMID: 37550862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced, palladium-catalyzed desaturation/sulfonation cascade, offering a concise route to a series of highly valuable 4-sulfonyltetrahydropyridine scaffolds from inexpensive and readily available piperidine derivatives with sodium sulfinates. The key to the success of this transformation is the well-designed sequence of palladium-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer/β-hydride elimination/allylic sulfonation process, which demonstrates the synthetic potentials for orchestrating synthetic events by rationally taking advantage of varied catalytic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Limited, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 344800, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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48
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Ali W, Saha A, Ge H, Maiti D. Photoinduced meta-Selective C-H Oxygenation of Arenes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1790-1799. [PMID: 37388693 PMCID: PMC10301684 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The merger of photocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis has recently emerged as an adaptable platform for the development of innovative and environmentally benign synthetic methodologies. In contrast to classical transformation by Pd complexes, photoredox Pd catalysis operates through a radical pathway in the absence of a radical initiator. Using the synergistic merger of photoredox and Pd catalysis, we have developed a highly efficient, regioselective, and general meta-oxygenation protocol for diverse arenes under mild reaction conditions. The protocol showcases the meta-oxygenation of phenylacetic acids and biphenyl carboxylic acids/alcohols and is also amenable for a series of sulfonyls and phosphonyl-tethered arenes, irrespective of the nature and position of the substituents. Unlike thermal C-H acetoxylation which operates through the PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle, this metallaphotocatalytic C-H activation involves PdII/PdIII/PdIV intermediacy. The radical nature of the protocol is established through radical quenching experiments and EPR analysis of the reaction mixture. Furthermore, the catalytic path of this photoinduced transformation is established through control reactions, absorption spectroscopy, luminescence quenching, and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Argha Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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49
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Li Y, Zhang SY, Yan XL, Zhu J, Luo K, Wu L. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Construction of Polyarylfuran Skeletons via Cascade Aryl Radical Cyclization and C(sp 3)-P(V) Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37338141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel and expedient method was established for the synthesis of polyarylfuran derivatives. The coupling of allenylphosphine oxide and bromophenol or bromonaphthol enabled by visible light and palladium catalysis directly furnishes polyarylfuran skeletons, which involves a radical tandem cyclization and cascade C(sp3)-P(V) bond cleavage. This protocol features easy operation, a broad substrate scope, and a high step economy, affording polyarylfurans in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Kurandina D, Noffel Y, Gevorgyan V. Enhanced Excited-State Hydricity of Pd-H Allows for Unusual Head-to-Tail Hydroalkenylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:12224-12232. [PMID: 37224263 PMCID: PMC10750326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced enhancement of hydricity of palladium hydride species enables unprecedented hydride addition-like ("hydridic") hydropalladation of electron-deficient alkenes, which allows for chemoselective head-to-tail cross-hydroalkenylation of electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. This mild and general protocol works with a wide range of densely functionalized and complex alkenes. Notably, this approach also allows for highly challenging cross-dimerization of electronically diverse vinyl arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Daria Kurandina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Yusuf Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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