1
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Gong Q, Shao J, Li W, Guo X, Ling S, Wu Y, Wei Y, Xu X, Jiang X, Jiao L, Hao E. Fully Conjugated Thiophene-Fused Oligo-BODIPYs: A Class of Intensely Near-Infrared Absorbing, Arc-Shaped Materials with up to 31 Linearly-Fused Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2025. [PMID: 40434802 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c05873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined large π-conjugated systems attract significant interest in molecular materials both for their unique electronic/photophysical properties and unexplored structure-property relationships arising from synthetic challenges. Herein, we address this challenge by leveraging a series of polycondensed π-system doping with B, N and S heteroatoms. In our approach, a series of fully conjugated thiophene-fused oligo-BODIPYs with atomic precision have been efficiently synthesized through the combination of intermolecular SNAr reactions followed by intramolecular aromatic oxidative couplings from halogenated BODIPY precursors. The largest architecture is a fully fused BODIPY octamer, featuring a coplanar backbone of 31 linearly fused rings. The extended π-conjugation causes a dramatic shift of the absorption event from about 500 nm (monomer) to 822 nm (octamer) with extremely high molar absorptivities reaching 800,000 M-1 cm-1, as well as maintaining intense fluorescence intensity (ΦFL up to 0.32), long triplet lifetime (τT = 0.61-15.4 μs), efficient triplet quantum yields (ΦT = 0.24-0.81) and good singlet oxygen generation abilities. More interestingly, due to the weak aromaticity of thiophene, oligo-BODIPYs exhibit triplet state localization as their conjugation length increases, where the triplet energy remains constant while the singlet energy decreases significantly. Notably, intense near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is observed even in tetramers, hexamers, and octamers. Our findings not only present a new series of heteroatom-doped condensed π-systems but also establish a precise regulation mechanism for singlet-triplet energy levels in molecules with large rigid π-conjugated structures. Furthermore, this work provides a novel strategy for designing next-generation TADF molecules with narrowband emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Gong
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jinsong Shao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shizhang Ling
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xinsheng Xu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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2
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Ye L, Hu C, Yang D, Zhang L, Chen X, Qiao L, Huang Z, Yang J, Miao Q. A Writhed Möbius Nanobelt Derived from [7]Helicene. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:17795-17803. [PMID: 40378308 PMCID: PMC12123616 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
A novel writhed Möbius nanobelt was synthesized using a helical building block derived from [7]helicene and a C-shaped building block derived from pyrene. These two building blocks were connected through nucleophilic aromatic substitution to form an oxanorbornene-containing macrocycle, which was then converted to the nanobelt by reductive aromatization and subsequent oxidation. The structure of the Möbius nanobelt was confirmed with X-ray crystallography. Both the nanobelt and its macrocyclic precursor exhibit C2 symmetry, but this symmetry is only reflected by the 1H NMR signals for the tetra(4-t-butylphenyl)dinaphthopyrene moiety in the nanobelt, not in its precursor. This difference is attributed to the distinct arrangements of the pendent 4-t-butylphenyl groups, caused by the crowdedness and restricted rotation of the C-C single bonds in the nanobelt. Theoretical calculations suggest that the nanobelt does not exhibit global ring currents but has localized aromatic ring currents. Additionally, when an enantiopure form of the [7]helicene derivative was used, the nanobelt was obtained in an enantiopure form, showing an absorption dissymmetry factor of 4 × 10-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyu Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daiyue Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lulin Qiao
- Shanghai-Hong
Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai-Hong
Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Monroy JDR, Deshpande T, Schlecht J, Douglas C, Stirling R, Grabicki N, Smales GJ, Kochovski Z, Fabozzi FG, Hecht S, Feldmann S, Dumele O. Homochiral versus Racemic 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:17750-17763. [PMID: 40371924 PMCID: PMC12123627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
The synthesis of homochiral two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) from chiral π-conjugated building blocks is challenging, as chiral units often lead to misaligned stacking interactions. In this work, we introduce helical chirality into 2D COFs using configurationally stable enantiopure and racemic [5]helicenes as linkers in the backbone of 2D [5]HeliCOFs as powders and films. Through condensation with 1,3,5-triformylbenzene (TFB) or 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP), our approach enables the efficient formation of a set of homochiral and racemic 2D [5]HeliCOFs. The resulting carbon-based crystalline and porous frameworks exhibit distinct structural features and different properties between homochiral and racemic counterparts. Propagation of helical chirality into the backbone of the crystalline frameworks leads to the observation of advanced chiroptical properties in the far-red visible spectrum, along with a less compact structure compared with the racemic frameworks. Homogeneous thin films of [5]HeliCOFs disclosed photoluminescent properties arising from the controlled growth of highly ordered π-conjugated lattices. The present study offers insight into general chiral framework formation and extends the Liebisch-Wallach rule to 2D COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José del Refugio Monroy
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, Berlin12489, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Tejas Deshpande
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l’Industrie 17, Sion1951, Switzerland
| | - Joël Schlecht
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Clara Douglas
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Robbie Stirling
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Niklas Grabicki
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Glen J. Smales
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin12205, Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Institute
of Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin14109, Germany
| | - Filippo Giovanni Fabozzi
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l’Industrie 17, Sion1951, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg79104, Germany
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse
21, Freiburg79104, Germany
- Freiburg
Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg79110, Germany
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4
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Krappe AR, Mayer JC, Zhang W, Filla LM, Ligorio G, Hermerschmidt F, Eitelhuber LS, Güttler A, Weber M, Paulus B, Resch‐Genger U, List‐Kratochvil EJW, Eigler S. Highly Emissive Hexa-peri-benzocoronene-fluoranthene Hybrid as Easily Processable and Stable OLED Material. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500742. [PMID: 40208964 PMCID: PMC12117179 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dye with a "symmetry-broken" core, derived from the related hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC) core with a fluoranthene subunit. The fluorophore is composed of a pure carbon skeleton without heteroatoms and exhibits remarkable photoluminescence properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 67% in toluene, exceeding that of the parent HBC by a factor of 30. The single crystal X-ray structure reveals the distorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, which is responsible for the optoelectronic properties, as supported by density functional theory calculations. We show that the new fluorescent dye can be readily used for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) without extensive optimization, whereby solubility in a variety of solvents and successful film formation are decisive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Krappe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (SupraFAB)Freie Universität BerlinAltensteinstr. 23a14195BerlinGermany
| | - Jacob C. Mayer
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHHahn‐Meitner‐Platz 114109BerlinGermany
| | - Wuai Zhang
- Institut für PhysikInstitut für ChemieHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Lina M. Filla
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (SupraFAB)Freie Universität BerlinAltensteinstr. 23a14195BerlinGermany
| | - Giovanni Ligorio
- Institut für PhysikInstitut für ChemieHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
- Center for the Science of Materials BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Felix Hermerschmidt
- Institut für PhysikInstitut für ChemieHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Larissa S. Eitelhuber
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Arne Güttler
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM)Department 1Division BiophotonicsRichard‐Willstätter‐Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM)Department 1Division BiophotonicsRichard‐Willstätter‐Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHHahn‐Meitner‐Platz 114109BerlinGermany
- Institut für PhysikInstitut für ChemieHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
- Center for the Science of Materials BerlinZum Großen Windkanal 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (SupraFAB)Freie Universität BerlinAltensteinstr. 23a14195BerlinGermany
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5
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Yang X, Su S, Hu C, Cheung KM, Yang D, Chen X, Yang J, Huang Z, Kwong FY, Miao Q. A Key Fragment in Carbon Schwarzite Unit Cells and Its Triple [6]Helicene Precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202501169. [PMID: 40059461 PMCID: PMC12087845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202501169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 03/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
This study explores two structurally related π-skeletons. The π-skeleton of compounds 1a-e containing three heptagons represents a key fragment in theoretical carbon schwarzites, while that of 2a-b is a triple [6]helicene. Compounds 1a-e were synthesized via Scholl reactions, and using a weaker acid allowed the reaction to stop at an intermediate stage, yielding 2a-b. X-ray crystallography revealed not only distinct stereochemistry of 1b and 2a but also unique supramolecular assemblies in the clathrate of 2a with chloroform. Compound 1b adopts a saddle-like geometry, while 2a exhibits a propeller-like structure with C3 symmetry, consistent with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The π-skeleton of 1a-e is flexible, enabling rapid enantiomerization, whereas that of 2a-b is rigid, allowing resolution of 2b into optically pure forms with an absorption dissymmetry factor as high as 0.015. Comparative analysis shows that presence of seven-membered rings in 1a-e does not significantly alter the local aromaticity of the triple [6]helicene framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral DrugsPingyuan LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007China
- Shanghai‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai230032China
| | - Shilong Su
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Chenyu Hu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ka Man Cheung
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Daiyue Yang
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
- Shanghai‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical SynthesisThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongNew TerritoriesChina
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6
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Xu P, Sun N, Xie H, Ding J, Cao X, Zuo Y, Huang Q, Jia H, Zhang J. Curved π-Conjugated Dehydrobenzoannulene as Electron-Deficient Cores of Donor-Acceptor Systems. Org Lett 2025; 27:3919-3923. [PMID: 40202223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
Utilizing [14]dehydrobenzoannulene as an electron acceptor, four twisted donor-acceptor architectures were divergently synthesized. Intriguingly, the antiaromatic diazocine core could interrupt electron transfer in the π-frameworks. Benefiting from the junction of dehydrobenzoannulene and carbazoles, all displayed stunning fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence. Anomalously, blue-shifted fluorescence was observed in the electron-donating-group-substituted homologues. Finally, a molecular carbon-based sensor for dopamine detection was constructed. This work provides new insights into the construction and application of molecular carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ningwen Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Huabi Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jinjin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yulan Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
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7
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Jiang H, Čavlović D, Jiang Q, Ng F, Bao ST, Telford EJ, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C, McNeill JM. Spin Filtering with Surface-Active Helicene- and Twistacene-Based Perylene Diimides. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:12982-12988. [PMID: 40177945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Creating new chiral molecular and macromolecular systems that can polarize the spin of electrons has the dual promise of both applications in spintronics and a fundamental understanding of their origins. Here, we put forward two optically active helical ladder dimers from perylene diimide-based twistacenes and helicenes. We detail a scalable method to separate the helices for each of these systems and methods to functionalize them with thiol groups that allow for self-assembled monolayer formation on metal surfaces. We probed these monolayers with conductive atomic force microscopy, revealing that they are highly conductive. If the substrate is magnetized, then the current we measure with conductive atomic force microscopy is controlled by the handedness of the helices used to form the monolayers. Furthermore, helices of the same handedness for either the twistacene or helicene (right-handed helices vs left-handed helices) produce high (or low) currents in devices with the same magnetization. Importantly, we find a correlation between the magnetic field dependence of the conductivity and the helicity of the molecules, suggesting a link between these two properties, independent of the sign of their electronic circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel Čavlović
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey M McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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8
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Xu P, Sun N, Cao X, Xie H, Zuo Y, Jia H, Ding J, Huang Q, Zhang J. Curved π-Conjugated Dehydrobenzoannulene as an Electron Acceptor Enabling Fluorescence and Electrochemiluminescence Emission. Org Lett 2025; 27:2868-2872. [PMID: 40094285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Using dehydrobenzoannulene as an acceptor, two curved π-conjugated electron donor-acceptor architectures were concisely synthesized, and an unexpected deshielding effect was observed in the annulene fragment. Anomalously, the π-extended homologue exhibited blue-shifted fluorescence. Intriguingly, stunning and stable electrochemiluminescence emissions were first discovered in nonaromatic annulene derivatives. Finally, based on those electrochemiluminescence properties, a highly efficient sensor for detecting dopamine was constructed. This work provides new insights into molecular carbons and promotes the development of sensing in biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ningwen Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Huabi Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yulan Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinjin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
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9
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Fukuda H, Kobayashi M, Tsurumaki E, Yamashina M, Hasegawa M, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Structures, Chiroptical Properties, and Unexpectedly Facile Helical Inversion of Highly Elongated Anthracene-Fused Expanded Helicenes. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404348. [PMID: 39664000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Helical fused anthracenes were elongated by fusing additional aromatic units at both ends to yield novel expanded helicenes. Compounds [5]HA2N and [7]HA consisting of 19 and 21 benzene rings, respectively, were synthesized by fourfold cycloisomerization of the corresponding terminal alkyne precursors. The helical structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, where the aromatic frameworks stacked effectively with the helical turn numbers exceeding two. The enantiomers of the two compounds were resolved by chiral HPLC. Whereas [5]HA2N readily underwent enantiomerization at room temperature at the barrier to enantiomerization of 91 kJ mol-1, the barrier was enhanced to 99 kJ mol-1 for the long analog [7]HA. The enantiomers of [7]HA exhibited strong responses in the circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra, as scaled by dissymmetry factors |gabs|=0.034 and |glum|=0.012. Theoretical calculations by the r2SCAN-3c method suggested stepwise mechanisms for the enantiomerization via helical inversion with acceptable barrier heights. The unexpectedly flexible nature of the aromatic frameworks of [5]HA2N and [7]HA was discussed on the basis of the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Moe Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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10
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Lv J, Sun R, Gao X. Emerging devices based on chiral nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:3585-3599. [PMID: 39750744 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
As advanced materials, chiral nanomaterials have recently gained vast attention due to their special geometry-based physical and chemical properties. The fast development of the related science and technology means that various devices involving polarization-based information encryption, photoelectronic and spintronic devices, 3D displays, biomedical sensors and measurement, photonic engineering, electronic engineering, solar devices, etc., been explored extensively. These fields are at their beginning, and much effort needs to be made, including improving the optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of advanced chiral nanomaterials, precisely designing materials, and developing more efficient construction methods. This review tries to offer a whole picture of these state-of-the-art conditions in these fields and offers perspectives on future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lv
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Sun
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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11
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Yin J, Wang H, Pyle D, Choi S, Liu Y, Wen J, Guest JR, Lyding JW, Dong G. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons: Access to Submicron Architectures with Long-Range Order and Uniform Orientation. ACS NANO 2025; 19:4366-4376. [PMID: 39852765 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
Fabricating organic semiconducting materials into large-scale, well-organized architectures is critical for building high-performance molecular electronics. While graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold enormous promise for various device applications, their assembly into a well-structured monolayer or multilayer architecture poses a substantial challenge. Here, we report the preparation of length-defined monodisperse GNRs via the integrated iterative binomial synthesis (IIBS) strategy and their self-assembly into submicrometer architectures with long-range order, uniform orientation, as well as regular layers. The use of short alkyl side chains benefits forming stable multilayers through interlocking structures. By changing the length and backbone shapes of these monodisperse GNRs, various three-dimensional assemblies, including multilayer stripes, monolayer stripes, and nanowires, can be achieved, leading to different photophysical properties and band gaps. The discovery of these intriguing self-assembly behaviors of length-defined GNRs is expected to enable various future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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12
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Zhou Z, Petrukhina MA. Adding multiple electrons to helicenes: how they respond? Chem Sci 2025; 16:468-479. [PMID: 39583570 PMCID: PMC11583768 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc06062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes of increasing dimensions and complexity have recently burst into the scene due to their unique structures coupled with interesting chiral, optical, and conducting properties. The helicene-related research has quickly progressed from fundamental curiosity to a diverse range of applications in organic catalysis, optoelectronic devices, chiroptical switches, sensors, and energy storage. The in-depth understanding of electron accepting properties of helicenes should further advance their materials chemistry applications, however, previous reports only relied on spectrocopic and electrochemical studies, while their structural changes weren't extensively discussed. Therefore, we initiated a broad investigation of chemical reduction behaviour of helicenes ranging in size and properties coupled with X-ray diffraction characterization of the reduced products. The responses of helicenes with different structures to the stepwise electron addition were investigated using a combination of X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic methods, and calculations. This study revealed topology- and charge-dependent consequences of chemical reduction ranging from reversible geometry perturbation to irreversible core transformation and site-specific reactivity of helicenes in addition to original alkali metal coordination patterns. This overview is focused on the crystallographically confirmed examples stemming from chemical reduction reactions of different helicenes with alkali metals. The opened discussion should stimulate further exploration of reactivity and complexation of novel π-expanded and heteroatom-doped helicenes based on the revealed structure-property correlations, thus advancing their applications as intriguing new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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13
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Deyerling J, Berionni Berna B, Biloborodov D, Haag F, Tömekce S, Cuxart MG, Li C, Auwärter W, Bonifazi D. Solution Versus On-Surface Synthesis of Peripherally Oxygen-Annulated Porphyrins through C-O Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202412978. [PMID: 39196673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis of tetra- and octa-O-fused porphyrinoids employing an oxidative O-annulation approach through C-H activation. Despite encountering challenges such as overoxidation and instability in conventional solution protocols, successful synthesis was achieved on Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and non-contact atomic force microscopy elucidated the preferential formation of pyran moieties via C-O bond formation and subsequent self-assembly driven by C-H⋅⋅⋅O interactions. Furthermore, the O-annulation process was found to reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap by lifting the HOMO energy level, with the effect rising upon increasing the number of embedded O-atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Deyerling
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Beatrice Berionni Berna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmytro Biloborodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sena Tömekce
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Marc G Cuxart
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Conghui Li
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Martín N. Twenty Years of Graphene: From Pristine to Chemically Engineered Nano-Sized Flakes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32222-32234. [PMID: 39537345 PMCID: PMC11613509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
It is a celebratory moment for graphene! This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery of this amazing material by Geim and Novoselov. Curiously, it coincides with the century mark of graphite's layered structure discovery. Since the discovery of graphene with the promise that its outstanding properties would change the world, society often wonders where is graphene? In this context, their discoverers said in 2005, "despite the reigning optimism about graphene-based electronics, "graphenium" microprocessors are unlikely to appear for the next 20 years". Today, possibilities for graphene are endless! It can be used in electronics, photonics, fuel cells, energy storage, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and even cultural heritage or sports. Additionally, the electronic properties of this material have been modified in fascinating ways. Bilayer graphene sheets have been found to be superconductive when twisted at a "magic angle", leading to a new and exciting field of research known as "moiré quantum materials" or "twistronics". Additionally, small graphene fragments with nanometer sizes undergo a quantum confinement effect of electrons, affording semiconductive materials with applications in optoelectronics. Organic synthesis allows the preparation of molecules with a graphene-like pattern with total control of the shape and size, exhibiting a big catalog of chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. This Perspective shows some of the fascinating milestones raised in the field of graphene-like materials from a chemical point of view, including functionalization strategies employed to chemically modify the topology and the properties of pristine graphene as well as the rising molecular graphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Fernández-García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Zhang F, Brancaccio V, Saal F, Deori U, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Rajamalli P, Ravat P. Ultra-Narrowband Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Multiple 1,4-Azaborine-Embedded Helical Nanographenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:29782-29791. [PMID: 39435966 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
In this manuscript we present a strategy to achieve ultranarrowband circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from multiple 1,4-azaborine-embedded helical nanographenes. The impact of number and position of boron and nitrogen atoms in the rigid core of the molecule on optical properties─including absorption and emission maxima, photoluminescence quantum yield, Stokes shift, excited singlet-triplet energy gap and full width at half-maximum (fwhm) for CPL and fluorescence─was investigated. The molecules reported here exhibits ultranarrowband fluorescence (fwhm 16-17.5 nm in toluene) and CPL (fwhm 18-19 nm in toluene). To the best of our knowledge, this is among the narrowest CPL for any organic molecule reported to date. Quantum chemical calculations, including computed CPL spectra involving vibronic contributions, provide valuable insights for future molecular design aimed at achieving narrowband CPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Brancaccio
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fridolin Saal
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Upasana Deori
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pachaiyappan Rajamalli
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Mo X, Chen G, Li Y, Xiao B, Chen X, Yin X, Yang C. Enhanced chiroptical activity for narrow deep-blue emission in axial chiral frameworks via three-dimensional interlocking. Chem Sci 2024; 15:d4sc05056h. [PMID: 39391380 PMCID: PMC11459705 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of desirable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters is predominantly constrained by the effective regulation of magnetic and electric transition vectors, particularly within the deep-blue spectral domain. Herein, we present four pairs of novel chiral emitters with systematically varied molecular rigidity, symmetry, and chiral centers to elucidate the intrinsic coupling of key molecular parameters influencing their chiroptical properties. Notably, the incorporation of appropriate intramolecular 3D-interlocking within a natural binaphthyl chirality skeleton offers an effective approach to achieving both significantly narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM, as low as 18 nm) and substantially enhanced chiroptical activity (luminous dissymmetry factor, g PL, up to 3.0 × 10-3). Additionally, introducing a secondary chiral center closely parallel to the primary chiral plane facilitates strong chiral-chiral interactions, further affording a 50% improvement in their g PL values. As a demonstration, vacuum-deposited circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes incorporating these pure fluorescent emitters exhibit outstanding electroluminescent performance, with maximum external quantum efficiency exceeding 5.35%, favorable FWHM of approximately 25 nm, and extreme CIE y values below 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Guohao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yulan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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17
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Jin K, Xiao Z, Xie H, Shen X, Wang J, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Yan K, Ding Y, Ding L. Tether-entangled conjugated helices. Chem Sci 2024; 15:d4sc04796f. [PMID: 39355229 PMCID: PMC11440437 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A new design concept, tether-entangled conjugated helices (TECHs), is introduced for helical polyaromatic molecules. TECHs consist of a linear polyaromatic ladder backbone and periodically entangling tethers with the same planar chirality. By limiting the length of tether, all tethers synchronously bend and twist the backbone with the same manner, and change it into a helical ribbon with a determinate helical chirality. The 3D helical features are customizable via modular synthesis by using two types of synthons, the planar chiral tethering unit (C 2 symmetry) and the docking unit (C 2h symmetry), and no post chiral resolution is needed. Moreover, TECHs possess persistent chiral properties due to the covalent locking of helical configuration by tethers. Concave-type and convex-type oligomeric TECHs are prepared as a proof-of-concept. Unconventional double-helix π-dimers are observed in the single crystals of concave-type TECHs. Theoretical studies indicate the smaller binding energies in double-helix π-dimers than conventional planar π-dimers. A concentration-depend emission is found for concave-type TECHs, probably due to the formation of double-helix π-dimers in the excited state. All TECHs show strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with dissymmetric factors (|g lum|) generally over 10-3. Among them, the (P)-T4-tBu shows the highest |g lum| of 1.0 × 10-2 and a high CPL brightness of 316 M-1 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Huidong Xie
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciencess Beijing 100083 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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18
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Bertocchi F, Nizar S, Sissa C, Li M, Ebbesen TW, Genet C, Painelli A. Chiroptical properties of cyanine aggregates: hierarchical modelling from monomers to bundles. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04968c. [PMID: 39282648 PMCID: PMC11393733 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Some achiral cyanine dyes form well-ordered chiral assemblies exhibiting pronounced Circular Dichroism (CD) and Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL). Notably, achiral C8O3 cyanines self-assemble into tubular J-aggregates, which further organize into bundles displaying bisignate CD spectrum - hallmark of an exciton coupled system - and an unusual bisignated CPL. In contrast, the tubular aggregates display a monosignate CD spectrum. The mechanism underlying these intriguing features remains elusive. In the present work, a quantum-mechanical exciton model is proposed to elucidate the (chir)optical behaviour of C8O3 aggregates. A herringbone arrangement of C8O3 dyes within the tubular aggregates well reproduces the observed spectral signatures. The anomalous observation of a singular CD peak in tubular aggregates is ascribed to the intrinsic chirality of the monomeric units inside the aggregate, whereas the CD doublet characterizing the bundles is attributed to the exciton coupling between the constituent tubes. The bisignated CPL signal observed in bundles reveals significant anti-Kasha emission at room temperature and is quantitatively addressed accounting for a very tiny exciton splitting leading to a sizable thermal population of both exciton states. This study provides crucial insights on the complexity of C8O3 aggregation and on the origin of chiroptical response at various aggregation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Shahana Nizar
- CNRS, CESQ-ISIS University of Strasbourg (UMR 7006) F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Minghao Li
- Quantum Sensing Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- CNRS, CESQ-ISIS University of Strasbourg (UMR 7006) F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- CNRS, CESQ-ISIS University of Strasbourg (UMR 7006) F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Anna Painelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A Parma 43124 Italy
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19
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Yu Y, Wang C, Hung FF, Chen C, Pan D, Che CM, Liu J. Benzo-Extended Heli(aminoborane)s: Inner Rim BN-Doped Helical Molecular Carbons with Remarkable Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22600-22611. [PMID: 39101597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise synthesis of three-dimensional boron-nitrogen (BN)-based helical structures constitutes an undeveloped field with challenges in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we synthesized and comprehensively characterized a new class of helical molecular carbons, named benzo-extended [n]heli(aminoborane)s ([n]HABs), in which the helical structures consisted of n = 8 and n = 10 ortho-condensed conjugated rings with alternating BN atoms at the inner rims. X-ray crystallographic analysis, photophysical studies, and density functional theory calculations revealed the unique characteristics of this novel [n]HAB system. Owing to the high enantiomerization energy barriers, the optical resolution of [8]HAB and [10]HAB was achieved with chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated enantiomers of [10]HAB exhibited record absorption and luminescence dissymmetry factors (|gabs|=0.061; |glum|=0.048), and boosted CPL brightness up to 292 M-1 cm-1, surpassing most helicene derivatives, demonstrating that the introduction of BN atoms into the inner positions of helicenes can increase both the |gabs| and |glum| values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
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20
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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Watanabe K, Tsurumaki E, Hasegawa M, Toyota S. Structure and Chiroptical Properties of Anthra[1,2-a]anthracene-1-yl Dimers as New Biaryls. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400929. [PMID: 38554080 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Dimers of anthra[1,2-a]anthracene-1-yl units and its mesityl derivative were synthesized by Ni(0)-mediated coupling of the corresponding chloro derivatives as new biaryls. The X-ray analysis and DFT calculations revealed that two polycyclic aromatic units with nonplanar deformations took a twisted conformation about the single bond as a chiral axis. Enantiomers of the nonsubstituted compound were resolved by chiral HPLC, and the enantiopure samples showed intense Cotton effects at 321 nm in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and emission bands at 449 nm in the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra with dissymmetry factor of |glum| 3.6×10-3. The absolute stereochemistry of this biaryl was determined by the theoretical calculation of CD spectrum by the time-dependent DFT method. The barrier to enantiomerization was determined to be 108 kJ mol-1 at 298 K. The dynamic process proceeded via a stepwise mechanism involving the helical inversion of each aromatic unit and the rotation about the biaryl axis as analyzed by the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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22
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Yang D, Cheung KM, Gong Q, Zhang L, Qiao L, Chen X, Huang Z, Miao Q. Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Trioxa[9]circulene and Diepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402756. [PMID: 38563770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This article presents trioxa[9]circulene (3) as a novel member of hetero[n]circulenes. Its synthesis began with the synthesis of dimethoxydioxa[8]helicene (5) and used dimethoxydiepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene (4) as a key intermediate, despite the condensation reaction predominantly yielding a 1,4-addition byproduct. The structures and properties of 3-5 were extensively investigated using experimental and computational methods. Analysis of the crystal structures reveal elongation of the internal C-C bonds in the nine-membered ring of 3 compared to 4 and 5. Computational studies demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of trioxa[9]circulene's saddle-shaped polycyclic framework, while the other two compounds are rigid with large racemization barriers. Optically pure forms of 4 and 5 exhibit absorption and luminescence dissymmetry factors on the order of 10-2, with smaller values observed for compound 4. In the crystal structures, molecules of 3 stack to form columns with remarkable π-π overlap, and the π-π interactions of 4 exhibit short intermolecular C-to-C contacts. Consequently, the solution-processed film of 4 functioned as a p-type organic semiconductor in field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lulin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhou Z, Xie Y, Liu S, Chen W, Zhou G. Thiopyran-Fused Mono and Double Helicenes with Low Band Gaps via Simultaneous Ring Expansion and 6- endo Cyclizations. Org Lett 2024; 26:3075-3080. [PMID: 38551214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mono and double helicenes (M5, M6, D5, and D6) containing six-membered thiopyran rings have been successfully prepared via simultaneous ring expansion and 6-endo cycloisomerizations from the corresponding precursors with five-membered thiophene rings. Although D5 and D6 exhibit similar chemical structures, they demonstrate completely different helical structures because of their distinct steric clashes caused by the incorporated methyl groups. Moreover, all of the thiopyran-fused helicenes exhibit broad absorption bands covering the visible and near-infrared regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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24
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Wu H, Hanayama H, Coehlo M, Gu Y, Wu ZH, Takebayashi S, Jakob G, Vasylevskyi S, Schollmeyer D, Kläui M, Pieters G, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Narita A, Qiu Z. Stable π-Extended Thio[7]helicene-Based Diradical with Predominant Through-Space Spin-Spin Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7480-7486. [PMID: 38446414 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel π-extended thio[7]helicene scaffold was synthesized, where the α-position of the thiophene unit could be functionalized with bulky phenoxy radicals after considerable synthetic attempts. This open-shell helical diradical, ET7H-R, possesses high stability in the air, nontrivial π conjugation, persistent chirality, and a high diradical character (y0 of 0.998). The key feature is a predominant through-space spin-spin coupling (TSC) between two radicals at the helical terminals. Variable-temperature continuous-wave electron spin resonance (cw-ESR) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry in the solid state reveal a singlet ground state with a nearly degenerate triplet state of ET7H-R. These results highlight the significance of a stable helical diradicaloid as a promising platform for investigating intramolecular TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Max Coehlo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Hua Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Satoshi Takebayashi
- Science and Technology Group, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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25
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Liu Y, Li Z, Wang MW, Chan J, Liu G, Wang Z, Jiang W. Highly Luminescent Chiral Double π-Helical Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5295-5304. [PMID: 38363710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification at the molecular level is of significance for the development of chiral systems with comprehensively outstanding chiroptical performances. Herein, we have presented a straightforward Cu-mediated Ullmann homocoupling approach to synthesize perylene diimide-entwined double π-helical nanoribbons encompassing dimer, trimer, and tetramer while producing homochiral or heterochiral linking of chiral centers. A significant dissymmetry amplification was achieved, with absorption dissymmetry factors (|gabs|) increasing from 0.009 to 0.017 and further to 0.019, and luminescence dissymmetry factors (|glum|) rising from 0.007 to 0.013 and eventually to 0.015 for homochiral double π-helical oligomers. The disparity of magnetic transition dipole moment (m) densities in homochiral and heterochiral tetramers by time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirmed that homochiral oligomerization can maximize the total m, which is favorable for achieving ever-increasing g factors. Notably, these double π-helices exhibited exceptional photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) ranging from 83 to 95%. The circularly polarized luminescence brightness (BCPL) eventually reached a remarkable 575 M-1 cm-1 for the homochiral tetramer, which is among the highest values reported for chiral small molecules. This kind of linearly extended double π-helices offers a platform for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangtao Chan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Bao ST, Jiang H, Jin Z, Nuckolls C. Fusing perylene diimide with helicenes. Chirality 2023; 35:656-672. [PMID: 36941527 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating perylene diimide (PDI) units into helicene structures has become a useful strategy for giving access to non-planar electron acceptors as well as a method of creating molecules with unique and intriguing chiroptical properties. This minireview describes this fusion of PDIs with helicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Tian X, Shoyama K, Mahlmeister B, Brust F, Stolte M, Würthner F. Naphthalimide-Annulated [ n]Helicenes: Red Circularly Polarized Light Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9886-9894. [PMID: 37083394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Two [n]heliceno-bis(naphthalimides) 1 and 2 (n = 5 and 6, respectively) where two electron-accepting naphthalimide moieties are attached at both ends of helicene core were synthesized by effective two-step strategy, and their enantiomers could be resolved by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of enantiopure fractions of 1 and 2 confirmed their helical structure, and together with experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra, the absolute configuration was unambiguously assigned. Both 1 and 2 exhibit high molar extinction coefficients for the S0-S1 transition and high fluorescence quantum yields (73% for 1 and 69% for 2), both being outstanding for helicene derivatives. The red circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emission up to 615 nm for 2 with CPL brightness (BCPL) up to 66.5 M-1 cm-1 demonstrates its potential for applications in chiral optoelectronics. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations unambiguously showed that the large transition magnetic dipole moment |m| of 2 is responsible for its high absorbance dissymmetry (gabs) and luminescence dissymmetry (glum) factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Brust
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Zhang F, Rauch F, Swain A, Marder TB, Ravat P. Efficient Narrowband Circularly Polarized Light Emitters Based on 1,4-B,N-embedded Rigid Donor-Acceptor Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218965. [PMID: 36799716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-band emission is essential for applicable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials in ultrahigh-definition CP-OLEDs. One of the most promising classes of CPL active molecules, helicenes, however, typically exhibit broad emission with a large Stokes shift. We present, herein, a design strategy capitalizing on intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions between nitrogen and boron atoms to address this issue. 1,4-B,N-embedded configurationally stable single- and double helicenes were synthesized straightforwardly. Both helicenes show unprecedentedly narrow fluorescence and CPL bands (full width at half maximum between 17-28 nm, 0.07-0.13 eV) along with high fluorescence quantum yields (72-85 %). Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the relative localization of the natural transition orbitals, mainly on the rigid core of the molecule, and small values of root-mean-square displacements between S0 and S1 state geometries, contribute to the narrower emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asim Swain
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Xu Y, Ni Z, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Wang S, Gai L, Zheng YX, Shen Z, Lu H, Guo Z. Helical β-isoindigo-Based Chromophores with B-O-B Bridge: Facile Synthesis and Tunable Near-Infrared Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218023. [PMID: 36583391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to create organic compounds that exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the near-infrared (NIR) range. Helicene-type emitters possess appealing chiroptical features, however, such NIR molecules are scarce due to a paucity of synthetic strategies. Herein, we developed a series of helical β-isoindigo-based B-O-B bridged aza-BODIPY analogs that were synthesized conveniently. The reaction of diimino-β-isoindigo with a heteroaromatic amine produced a restricted ligand cavity, which triggered off the generation of a B-O-B bridge. The B-O-B bridge led to distorted conformations that satisfy the helical requirements, resulting in excellent spectroscopic and chiroptical properties. Tunable CPL with the highest luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum ) of 1.3×10-3 and a CPL brightness (BCPL =11.5 M-1 cm-1 ) in the NIR region was achieved. This synthetic approach is expected to offer a new opportunity to chiral chemistry and increase flexibility for chiroptical tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Abstract
ConspectusUnderstanding and harnessing the properties of nanoscale molecular entities are considered as new frontiers in basic chemistry. In this regard, synthetic nanographene with atomic precision has attracted much attention recently. For instance, taking advantage of the marvelous bonding capability of carbon, flat, curved, ribbon-type, or cone-shaped nanographenes have been prepared in highly controllable and elegant manner, allowing one to explore fascinating molecular architectures with intriguing optical, electrochemical, and magnetic characteristics. This stands in stark contrast to other carbon-rich nanomaterials, such as graphite oxides or carbon quantum dots, which preclude thorough investigations because of complicate structural defects. Undoubtedly, synthetic nanographene contributes strongly to modern aromatic chemistry and represents a vibrant field that may deliver transforming functional materials crucial for optoelectronics, nanotechnologies, and biomedicine.Nonetheless, in many cases, synthesis and characterization of nanographene compounds are highly demanding. Low solubility, high molecular strain, undesired selectivity, as well as incomplete or excessive C-C bond formation are common impediments, that require formidable efforts to control the molecular geometry, to modulate the edge structure, to achieve accurate doping, or to push the upper size boundary. These endeavors are indispensable for establishing structure-property relationships, and lay down foundation for exploring synthetic nanographenes at a high level of sophistications.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to this field by presenting a series of helical synthetic nanographenes, such as hexapole [7]helicene (H7H), nitrogen-doped H7H, hexapole [9]helicene (H9H), superhelicene, and supertwistacene. This kind of giant synthetic nanographene reaches the size domain of carbon quantum dots, albeit has precise atomic structure. It provides a unique platform to study aromatic chemistry and chirality at the nanoscale. We discuss synthetic methods and point out, in particular, the strengths and pitfalls of Scholl oxidation, which are expected to be valuable for making synthetic nanographenes in general. In addition, we illustrate their exciting electrochemical and photophysical performance, which include, but are not limited to, reversible multielectron redox chemistry, record high panchromatic absorption, impressive photothermal behavior, and extremely strong Cotton effect. These unusual characteristics are convincingly traced back to their three-dimensional conjugated architectures, highlighting the critical roles of π-electron delocalization, heteroatom-doping, substitution, and molecular symmetry in determining nanographenes' properties and functions. Lastly, we put forward our understanding on the challenges and opportunities that lies ahead and hope this Account will inspire ever more ambitious achievements from this attractive area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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33
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Izquierdo‐García P, Fernández‐García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de MonocristalSIdIUniversidad Autónoma de Madridc/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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34
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Labella J, Durán-Sampedro G, Krishna S, Martínez-Díaz MV, Guldi DM, Torres T. Anthracene-Fused Oligo-BODIPYs: A New Class of π-Extended NIR-Absorbing Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214543. [PMID: 36350769 PMCID: PMC10107270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Large π-conjugated systems are key in the area of molecular materials. Herein, we prepare via AuI -catalyzed cyclization a series of fully π-conjugated anthracene-fused oligo-BODIPYs. Their structural and optoelectronic properties were studied by several techniques, ranging from X-ray, UV/Vis, and cyclic voltammetry to transient absorption spectroscopy. As a complement, their electronic structures were explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Depending on the size and shape of the π-conjugated skeleton, unique features-such as face-to-face supramolecular organization, NIR absorption and fluorescence as well as strong electron accepting character-were noted. All in all, the aforementioned features render them valuable for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Durán-Sampedro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Swathi Krishna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Li JK, Chen XY, Zhao WL, Guo YL, Zhang Y, Wang XC, Sue ACH, Cao XY, Li M, Chen CF, Wang XY. Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Chiral Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215367. [PMID: 36428269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nanographenes with both high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF ) and large dissymmetry factors (glum ) are essential to the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. However, most studies have been focused on the improvement of glum , whereas how to design highly emissive chiral nanographenes is still unclear. In this work, we propose a new design strategy to achieve chiral nanographenes with high ΦF by helical π-extension of strongly luminescent chromophores while maintaining the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) distribution pattern. Chiral nanographene with perylene as the core and two dibenzo[6]helicene fragments as the wings has been synthesized, which exhibits a record high ΦF of 93 % among the reported chiral nanographenes and excellent CPL brightness (BCPL ) of 32 M-1 cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Porsev V, Evarestov R. Magnetic Properties of Zig-Zag-Edged Hexagonal Nanohelicenes: A Quantum Chemical Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:415. [PMID: 36770376 PMCID: PMC9920107 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure and electronic and magnetic properties of two zig-zag-edged hexagonal nanohelicenes of the second type [1.2] and [2.2] were studied by the density functional theory. These objects possess a helical periodicity and belong to the fifth family of line symmetry groups in their global energy minimum. These nanohelicenes were shown by us to be diamagnetic metals that undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking into antiferromagnetic semiconductors as a result of the Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition. However, under some torsional stress, a reversible transformation to a diamagnetic metal can take place, which is promising for the use of nanohelicenes in electro-magneto-mechanical nanodevices.
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37
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Suzuki K, Fukuda H, Toda H, Imai Y, Nojima Y, Hasegawa M, Tsurumaki E, Toyota S. Substituent effects on helical structures and chiroptical properties of fused anthracenes with bulky phenyl groups. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Kiel GR, Bergman HM, Samkian AE, Schuster NJ, Handford RC, Rothenberger AJ, Gomez-Bombarelli R, Nuckolls C, Tilley TD. Expanded [23]-Helicene with Exceptional Chiroptical Properties via an Iterative Ring-Fusion Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23421-23427. [PMID: 36525313 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Expanded helicenes are an emerging class of helical nanocarbons composed of alternating linear and angularly fused rings, which give rise to an internal cavity and a large diameter. The latter is expected to impart exceptional chiroptical properties, but low enantiomerization free energy barriers (ΔG‡e) have largely precluded experimental interrogation of this prediction. Here, we report the syntheses of expanded helicenes containing 15, 19, and 23 rings on the inner helical circuit, using two iterations of an Ir-catalyzed, site-selective [2 + 2 + 2] reaction. This series of compounds displays a linear relationship between the number of rings and ΔG‡e. The expanded [23]-helicene, which is 7 rings longer than any known single carbohelicene and among the longest known all-carbon ladder oligomers, exhibits a ΔG‡e that is high enough (29.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mol at 100 °C in o-DCB) to halt enantiomerization at ambient temperature. This enabled the isolation of enantiopure samples displaying circular dichroism dissymmetry factors of ±0.056 at 428 nm, which are ≥1.7× larger than values for previously reported classical and expanded helicenes. Computational investigations suggest that this improved performance is the result of both the increased diameter and length of the [23]-helicene, providing guiding design principles for high dissymmetry molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adrian E Samkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - August J Rothenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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39
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Yu Z, Shi G, Wang KP, Xu LZ, Chen S, Hu ZQ. Benzothiadiazole-derived double aza [5]helicenes: Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Xiao X, Cheng Q, Bao ST, Jin Z, Sun S, Jiang H, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Single-Handed Helicene Nanoribbons via Transfer of Chiral Information. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20214-20220. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shantao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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41
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Shang W, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Cui J, Liu K, Li T, Liu M. Self‐Assembly of Macrocyclic Triangles into Helicity‐Opposite Nanotwists by Competitive Planar over Point Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210604. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kaiang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tiesheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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42
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Frédéric L, Fabri B, Guénée L, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Lacour J. Triple Regioselective Functionalization of Cationic [4]Helicenes via Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201853. [PMID: 35796630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In essentially one-pot, using Ir- and Pd-catalysis, tris(arene)-functionalized cationic [4]helicenes are synthesized with full regioselectivity and enantiospecificity starting from a trivial precursor (17 examples). This poly-addition of aryl groups improves key optical properties, that is, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. Electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signatures are observed up to the far-red domain, in particular with additional arenes prone to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frédéric
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bibiana Fabri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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43
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Hashikawa Y, Okamoto S, Sadai S, Murata Y. Chiral Open-[60]Fullerene Ligands with Giant Dissymmetry Factors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18829-18833. [PMID: 36169337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optical resolution of open-[60]fullerenes has been limited to only one example since 1998, while the recent advances revealed the excellence of fullerenes as revisited chiral functional materials. Different from conventional chiral induction on [60]fullerene by a multiple-functionalization, a random disruption of the spherical π-conjugation is avoidable for open-[60]fullerenes. Moreover, the macrocyclic orifices enable a metal coordination which endows modulated electronic structures on chiral chromophores. Herein, we showcase Li+-coordination behavior and optical resolution of three chiral open-[60]fullerene ligands, showing a giant dissymmetry factor up to 0.20 owing to a congenital topology of the spherical π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shu Okamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shumpei Sadai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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44
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Yang W, Shen J. Multiple Heterohelicenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Jian Shen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
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45
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Kaiser RI, Zhao L, Lu W, Ahmed M, Evseev MM, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM, Mohamed RK, Fischer FR, Li X. Gas-phase synthesis of racemic helicenes and their potential role in the enantiomeric enrichment of sugars and amino acids in meteorites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25077-25087. [PMID: 36056687 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular origins of homochirality on Earth is not understood well, particularly how enantiomerically enriched molecules of astrobiological significance like sugars and amino acids might have been synthesized on icy grains in space preceding their delivery to Earth. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified in carbonaceous chondrites could have been processed in molecular clouds by circularly polarized light prior to the depletion of enantiomerically enriched helicenes onto carbonaceous grains resulting in chiral islands. However, the fundamental low temperature reaction mechanisms leading to racemic helicenes are still unknown. Here, by exploiting synchrotron based molecular beam photoionization mass spectrometry combined with electronic structure calculations, we provide compelling testimony on barrierless, low temperature pathways leading to racemates of [5] and [6]helicene. Astrochemical modeling advocates that gas-phase reactions in molecular clouds lead to racemates of helicenes suggesting a pathway for future astronomical observation and providing a fundamental understanding for the origin of homochirality on early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | | | | | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
| | - Rana K Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy Nano Sciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy Nano Sciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.
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46
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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47
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Shang W, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Cui J, Liu K, Li T, Liu M. Self‐Assembly of Macrocyclic Triangles into Helicity‐Opposite Nanotwists by Competitive Planar over Point Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shang
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics CHINA
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CHINA
| | - Jie Cui
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CHINA
| | - Kaiang Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CHINA
| | - Tiesheng Li
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Minghua Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Scie Zhong Guancun 100080 Beijing CHINA
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48
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Brand M, Norman P. Nontrivial spectral band progressions in electronic circular dichroism spectra of carbohelicenes revealed by linear response calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19321-19332. [PMID: 35929836 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that contemporary computational resources allow for accurate theoretical studies of systems matching recent advances in experimental helicene chemistry. Concerned with first-principles calculations of carbohelicenes, our work surpasses CH[12] as the largest system investigated to date and unravels trends in the electronic structure of the low-lying states of the homologous series. Utilizing a highly efficient implementation of linear response algorithms, we present electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectra of carbohelicenes ranging from CH[5] to CH[30] at the level of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory. Our results for a systematic increase in system size show the emergence of new CD bands that subsequently rise to intensities dominating the spectrum. The spectral band progressions exhibit a periodicity directly linked to the number of overlapping layers of conjugation. While our findings rectify the current understanding of the electronic structure of carbohelicenes, they also serve as a general call for caution regarding the extrapolation of trends from small system ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Brand
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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49
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Modulation of the Second Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Helical Graphene Nanoribbons Through Introducing Azulene Defects or/and BN Units. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Abstract
The creation and development of new forms of nanocarbons have fundamentally transformed the scientific landscape in the past three decades. As new members of the nanocarbon family with accurate size, shape, and edge structure, molecular carbon imides (MCIs) have shown unexpected and unique properties. Particularly, the imide functionalization strategy has endowed these rylene-based molecular carbons with fascinating characteristics involving flexible syntheses, tailor-made structures, diverse properties, excellent processability, and good stability. This Perspective elaborates molecular design evolution to functional landscapes, and illustrative examples are given, including a promising library of multi-size and multi-dimensional MCIs with rigidly conjugated π-architectures, ranging from 1D nanoribbon imides and 2D nanographene imides to cross-dimensional MCIs. Although researchers have achieved substantial progress in using MCIs as functional components for exploration of charge transport, photoelectric conversion, and chiral luminescence performances, they are far from unleashing their full potential. Developing highly efficient and regioselective coupling/ring-closure reactions involving the formation of multiple C-C bonds and the annulation of electron-deficient aromatic units is crucial. Prediction by theory with the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence research along with reliable nanotechnology characterization will give an impetus to the blossom of related fields. Future investigations will also have to advance toward─or even focus on─the emerging potential functions, especially in the fields of chiral electronics and spin electronics, which are expected to open new avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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