1
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Li M, Ma X, Tao Y. Unlocking Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Practical Anion-Binding Catalyst for Living Cationic Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202425178. [PMID: 39875751 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202425178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Living cationic polymerization (LCP) is a classical technique for precision polymer synthesis; however, due to the high sensitivity of cationic active species towards chain-transfer/termination events, it is notoriously difficult to control polymerization under mild conditions, which inhibits its progress in advanced materials engineering. Here, we unlock a practical anion-binding catalytic strategy to address the historical dilemma in LCP. Our experimental and mechanistic studies demonstrate that commercially accessible hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), when used in high loading, can create higher-order HFIP aggregates to tame dormant-active species equilibrium via non-covalent anion-binding principle, in turn inducing distinctive polymerization kinetics behaviors that grant efficient chain propagation while minimizing competitive side reactions. This unique control mechanism delivers unprecedented polymerization activity and controllability across various electron-rich vinyl monomers under mild conditions, and provides easy access to high molecular weight polymers, block copolymers, and end-functionalized telechelic polymers. Also, the minimalistic structure of HFIP coupled with its convenient removal and recycle renders this approach easy to scale up, without concern for cost, sustainability and complicated work-up processes associated with previous systems. This study presents another universal and sustainable strategy for cationic macromolecular engineering, and will also stimulate further exploration of innovative non-covalent catalysis that enables more challenging living polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials & Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials & Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials & Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang L, Han J. Photoinduced Vicinal Difunctionalization of Diaryliodonium Salts To Access Bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) Salts. Org Lett 2025; 27:1012-1017. [PMID: 39836879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Vicinal bis(tetraarylphosphonium) salts have scarcely been reported in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate that visible-light-induced difunctionalization of ortho-trifluoromethylsulfonylated diaryliodonium salts conveniently furnishes bis(phosphonium) salts without additional catalysts or photoinitiators. The methodology establishes a practical platform for the preparation of bis(phosphonium) salts using readily available tertiary phosphines. The bis(tetraarylphosphonium) salts are anticipated to garner a great deal of interest in catalytic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chen L, Wang Z, Fang E, Fan Z, Song S. Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers using trifluoromethyl sulfonate/solvent/ligand to access well-controlled poly(vinyl ether)s. Chem Sci 2025; 16:1250-1264. [PMID: 39677930 PMCID: PMC11638848 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc06181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers to access poly(vinyl ether) polymeric materials has been challenging due to stringent polymerization conditions and inevitable chain transfer. Herein we introduce a protocol using trifluoromethyl sulfonates to catalyze the polymerization of a series of vinyl ethers. These trifluoromethyl sulfonates are fully commercially available and can be stored under ambient conditions. Solvents and ligands have profound influences on the polymerization process, and poly(vinyl ether)s with different molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, and tacticities were obtained. A few combinations of trifluoromethyl sulfonate/solvents/O^O type ligands were explored. They showed high activities and afforded poly(vinyl ether)s with well-controlled tacticity, of which the isotacticity can be up to 81% m. Poly(vinyl ether)s with high tacticities exhibit crystallization behaviors with melting points. We also probed the cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether employing a RAFT chain transfer agent. Low molecular weight distributions (Đs) around 1.1 can be realized. Since trifluoromethyl sulfonates can be fed at a remarkably low catalyst loading and other chemicals are cheap and easily available, the poly(vinyl ether) polymeric materials are promisingly prepared on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - En Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shaofei Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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4
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Xu Y, Chen W, Pu R, Ding J, An Q, Yang Y, Liu W, Zuo Z. Selective monodeuteration enabled by bisphosphonium catalyzed ring opening processes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9366. [PMID: 39477917 PMCID: PMC11526102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective incorporation of a deuterium atom into small molecules with high selectivity is highly valuable for medical and chemical research. Unfortunately, this remains challenging due to the complete deuteration caused by commonly used hydrogen isotope exchange strategies. We report the development of a photocatalytic selective monodeuteration protocol utilizing C-C bond as the unconventional functional handle. The synergistic combination of radical-mediated C-C bond scission and deuterium atom transfer processes enables the effective constructions of benzylic CDH moieties with high selectivity for monodeuteration. The combinational use of a bisphosphonium photocatalyst, thiol catalyst, and CH3OD deuteration agent provides operationally simple conditions for photocatalytic monodeuteration. Moreover, the photoinduced electron transfer process of the bisphosphonium photocatalyst is elucidated through a series of spectroscopy experiments, identifying a peculiar back electron transfer process that can be regulated by subsequent nucleophilic additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Xu
- Innovation Center for Chenguang High Performance Fluorine Material, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Innovation Center for Chenguang High Performance Fluorine Material, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Zou X, Ding C, Wang Z. Mechanically induced cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05263c. [PMID: 39479168 PMCID: PMC11514177 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanoredox catalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach for organic transformations. Mechanically controlled polymerization that uses mechanoredox catalysts enables synthesis of complex polymers and mechanoresponsive materials with diverse applications. Despite its potential, the focus has predominantly been on free radical polymerization and acrylate monomers. The mechanochemical synthesis of poly(vinyl ether)s (PVEs) poses a significant challenge in the field. Herein, we report an efficient mechanically induced cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (mechano-cRAFT) polymerization using 2D MoS2 as a mechanoredox catalyst, where free radical intermediates can be further oxidized to cations to promote cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. This mechano-cRAFT polymerization can be conducted in air and with minimal organic solvent, resulting in quantitative monomer conversion. This strategy is applicable to a range of vinyl ether monomers, yielding polymers with controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersity. We also performed trapping experiments to investigate the piezoelectrically mediated redox process, and further validated the mechanism through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University Huaian 223300 China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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6
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Hosford BM, Ramos W, Lamb JR. Combining photocontrolled-cationic and anionic-group-transfer polymerizations using a universal mediator: enabling access to two- and three-mechanism block copolymers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13523-13530. [PMID: 39183918 PMCID: PMC11339941 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An ongoing challenge in polymer chemistry is accessing diverse block copolymers from multiple polymerization mechanisms and monomer classes. One strategy to accomplish this goal without intermediate compatibilization steps is the use of universal mediators. Thiocarbonyl thio (TCT) functional groups are well-known mediators to combine radical with either cationic or anionic polymerization, but a sequential cationic-anionic universal mediator system has never been reported. Herein, we report a TCT universal mediator that can sequentially perform photocontrolled cationic polymerization and thioacyl anionic group transfer polymerization to access poly(ethyl vinyl ether)-block-poly(thiirane) polymers for the first time. Thermal analyses of these block copolymers provide evidence of microphase separation. The success of this system, along with the established compatibility of radical polymerization, enabled us to further chain extend the cationic-anionic diblock using radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide. The resulting terpolymer represents the first example of a triblock made from three different monomer classes incorporated via three different mechanisms without any end-group modification steps. The development of this simple, sequential synthesis using a universal mediator approach opens up new possibilities by providing facile access to diverse block copolymers of vinyl ethers, thiiranes, and acrylamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Hosford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - William Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Jessica R Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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7
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Singha S, Pan S, Tallury SS, Nguyen G, Tripathy R, De P. Recent Developments on Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:189-207. [PMID: 38882029 PMCID: PMC11177306 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, the evolution of cationic polymerization has taken a multidirectional approach, with the development of cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In contrast to the conventional cationic polymerization methods, which were typically carried out under inert atmospheres and low temperatures, various novel polymerization techniques have been developed where the reactions are carried out in open air, operate at room temperature, are cost-effective, and are environmentally friendly. Besides, several external stimuli, such as heat, light, chemicals, electrical potential, etc. have been employed to activate and control the polymerization process. It also enables the combination of cationic polymerization with other polymerization methods in a single reaction vessel, eliminating the necessity for isolation and purification during intermediate steps. In addition, significant advancements have been made through various modifications in catalyst systems, resulting in polymers with an exceptionally high level of stereoregularity. This review article comprehensively analyses the recent developments in cationic polymerization, encompassing their applications and offering insights into future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Singha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Pan
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Syamal S Tallury
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Giang Nguyen
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Ranjan Tripathy
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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8
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Shao H, Long R, Xu H, Sun P, Wang G, Li Y, Liao S. The Development of Visible-Light Organic Photocatalysts for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization via Conjugation Extension. Molecules 2024; 29:2763. [PMID: 38930829 PMCID: PMC11206499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop organic photocatalysts (PCs) that could mediate organocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) under visible light. Through the core-modification of known chromophoric structures and ring-locking to reach a conjugation extension, annulated N-aryl benzo[kl]acridines were identified as effective visible light-responsive photocatalysts. The corresponding selenium-doped structure showed excellent performance in the O-ATRP of methacrylates, which could afford polymer products with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities under the irradiation of visible light at a 100 ppm catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Runzhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Pan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Guangrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Yuanming Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Yang Z, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhang X, Liao S. Asymmetric Ion-Pairing Photoredox Catalysis for Stereoselective Cationic Polymerization under Light Control. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6449-6455. [PMID: 38316013 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
By virtue of noninvasive regulations by light, photocontrolled polymerizations have attracted considerable attention for the precision synthesis of macromolecules. However, a cationic polymerization with simultaneous photocontrol and tacticity-regulation remains elusive so far. Herein, we introduce an asymmetric ion-pairing photoredox catalysis strategy that allows for the development of a stereoselective cationic polymerization with concurrent light regulation for the first time. By employing an ion pair catalyst (PC+/*A-) consisting of a photoredox active cation (PC+) and a sterically confined chiral anion (*A-) to deliver the stereochemical control, the cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers can be achieved with photocontrol and high isotactic selectivity (up to 91% m) at a remarkable low catalyst loading (50 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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10
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Sun P, Li Z, Zhang X, Liao Y, Liao S. Visible Light-Regulated Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones by Employing Indigo as a Photoacid Catalyst. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400054. [PMID: 38471494 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of visible light-regulated polymerizations for precision synthesis of polymers has drawn considerable attention in the past years. In this study, an ancient dye, indigo, is successfully identified as a new and efficient photoacid catalyst, which can readily promote the ring-opening polymerization of lactones under visible light irradiation in a well-controlled manner, affording the desired polyester products with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersity. The enhanced acidity of indigos by excitation is crucial to the H-bonding activation of the lactone monomers. Chain extension and block copolymer synthesis are also demonstrated with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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11
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Wang Z, Luo W, Li ZW, Yin K, Wei M, Li L. Synthesis of Bench-stable Polycyclic Organophosphorus Heterocycles via Staudinger-type Annulations of ortho-Azidophenols. Chemistry 2023:e202302834. [PMID: 38141178 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a five- or six-membered ring is known to stabilize unstable molecular structures such as hemiacetals. This idea can also be extended to stabilize other high-coordinated p-block element species. Herein, we synthesized two novel polycyclic organophosphorus heterocycles via Staudinger-type annulations. Reactions of either ortho-phosphinoarenesulfonyl fluorides 1 or ortho-phosphinobenzoic acid methyl esters 4 with ortho-azidophenols 2 gave rise to penta-coordinated P(V) heterocycles, benzo-benzo-1,2,3-thiazaphospholo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphole (B-B-TAP-OAP) 3 and benzo-benzo-1,2-azaphospholo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphol-12-one (B-B-AP-OAP) 5 in satisfactory yields. It is remarkable that heterocycles 3 and 5 are both bench-stable and exhibit considerable stability in a 10 % aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution. Preliminary computational studies disclosed that the formation of nitrogen gas is the key driving force for the annulations. In addition, the formation of a strong Si-F bond is another contributor to the annulation of 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Keshu Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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12
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Lin X, Gu Q, Li J, Zhu J. Zinc-Mediated Living Cationic Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1692-1697. [PMID: 38038281 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a facile and robust method for living cationic polymerization using zinc wire as a catalyst precursor. Well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s with various molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ < 1.10) can be achieved at room temperature. Excellent living characteristics were observed in kinetic and chain extension experiments. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the polymerization was catalyzed by the in situ generation of trace zinc ions, which is the key to polymerization under mild conditions. The utilization of zinc wire offers several advantages, including reusability, easy separation and low metal residue. Furthermore, we extended the application of this method in continuous flow polymerization, opening up a promising avenue for scalable and efficient industrial production under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianxi Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Yang B, Yan S, Li C, Ma H, Feng F, Zhang Y, Huang W. Mn(iii)-mediated C-P bond activation of diphosphines: toward a highly emissive phosphahelicene cation scaffold and modulated circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10446-10457. [PMID: 37799992 PMCID: PMC10548521 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal mediated C-X (X = H, halogen) bond activation provides an impressive protocol for building polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in C-C bond coupling and annulation; however, mimicking both the reaction model and Lewis acid mediator simultaneously in a hetero-PAH system for selective C-P bond cleavage faces unsolved challenges. At present, developing the C-P bond activation protocol of the phosphonic backbone using noble-metal complexes is a predominant passway for the construction of phosphine catalysts and P-center redox-dependent photoelectric semiconductors, but non-noble metal triggered methods are still elusive. Herein, we report Mn(iii)-mediated C-P bond activation and intramolecular cyclization of diphosphines by a redox-directed radical phosphonium process, generating phosphahelicene cations or phosphoniums with nice regioselectivity and substrate universality under mild conditions. Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed the existence of the unusual radical mechanism and electron-deficient character of novel phosphahelicenes. These rigid quaternary bonding skeletons facilitated versatile fluorescence with good tunability and excellent efficiency. Moreover, the enantiomerically enriched crystals of phosphahelicenes emitted intense circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Notably, the modulated CPL of racemic phosphahelicenes was induced by chiral transmission in the cholesteric mesophase, showing ultrahigh asymmetry factors of CPL (+0.51, -0.48). Our findings provide a new approach for the design of emissive phosphahelicenes towards chiral emitters and synthesized precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Suqiong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610000 P. R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Fanda Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University Shenzhen 51805 P. R. China
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14
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Wang S, Yang L, Liang F, Zhong Y, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhu D. Synthetic exploration of electrophilic xanthylation via powerful N-xanthylphthalimides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9197-9206. [PMID: 37655020 PMCID: PMC10466340 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic xanthates are broadly applied as synthetic intermediates and bioactive molecules in synthetic chemistry. Electrophilic xanthylation represents a promising approach but has rarely been explored mainly due to the lack of powerful electrophilic reagents. Herein, synthetic exploration of electrophilic xanthylation via powerful N-xanthylphthalimides was investigated. This strategy might provide a new avenue to less-concerned but meaningful electrophilic xanthylation in organic synthesis. With the help of these powerful reagents, electrophilic xanthylation of a wide range of substrates including aryl/alkenyl boronic acids, β-keto esters, 2-oxindole, and alkyl amines, as well as previously inaccessible phenols (first report) was achieved under mild reaction conditions. Notably, this simple electrophilic xanthylation of alkyl amine substrates will occur in the desulfuration reaction, consistent with the previously reported methods. Similarly, xanthamide and thioxanthate groups could also be transformed into desired nucleophiles via this electrophilic reagent strategy. The broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility and late-stage functionalization of bioactive or functional molecules made them very attractive as general reagents which will allow rapid incorporation of SC(S)R (R = OEt, Oalkyl, NEt2 and SEt) into the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Fangcan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xueru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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15
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Hulnik M, Trofimuk D, Nikishau PA, Kiliclar HC, Kiskan B, Kostjuk SV. Visible-Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene: A Route toward the Synthesis of End-Functional Polyisobutylene. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1125-1131. [PMID: 37497867 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light-induced cationic polymerization of isobutylene with a dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10)/diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6-) photoinitiating system in a CH2Cl2/n-hexane mixture at -30 °C was reported. It was shown that polymerization is initiated by chloromethylisobutyl carbocations generated by the oxidation of chloromethylisobutyl radicals by Ph2I+PF6-. The latter are formed via chlorine abstraction from solvent (CH2Cl2) by MnCO5· radicals, which are generated by the photoinduced decomposition of Mn2(CO)10, followed by single isobutylene addition. This initiating system allowed us to synthesize valuable low molecular weight polyisobutylene with a relatively low polydispersity (Mn = 2000-3000 g mol-1; Đ < 1.7) and high content of exo-olefin end groups (up to 90%). The molecular weight of polyisobutylenes could be easily controlled in the range from 2000 to 12000 g mol-1 by changing the diphenyl iodonium salt concentration. Poly(β-pinene) with Mn = 5000 g mol-1 and Đ ∼ 2.0 was successfully synthesized using the same photoinitiating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Hulnik
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Diana Trofimuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Pavel A Nikishau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Hüseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sergei V Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
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16
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Ding J, Luo S, Xu Y, An Q, Yang Y, Zuo Z. Selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols via synergistic bisphosphonium and cobalt catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4055-4058. [PMID: 36929170 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic photocatalytic system using a bisphosphonium catalyst and a cobalt catalyst has been developed, enabling the selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols under oxidant-free and environmentally benign conditions. High efficiencies have been obtained for a variety of alcohol substrates, and exclusive selectivity for aldehyde products has been achieved across the board. Furthermore, this photocatalytic system proved to be efficient when performed under continuous-flow conditions, even using a simple and easily assembled continuous-flow setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yuanli Xu
- Innovation Center for Chenguang High Performance Fluorine Material, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, CN 643000, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Innovation Center for Chenguang High Performance Fluorine Material, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, CN 643000, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Li L, Wan M, Li Z, Luo Y, Wu S, Liu X, Yagci Y. Coumarinacyl Anilinium Salt: A Versatile Visible and NIR Photoinitiator for Cationic and Step-Growth Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:263-268. [PMID: 36734851 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A coumarinacyl anilinium (CAA) salt, facilely synthesized via a one-pot reaction, is shown to be a versatile visible and NIR photoinitiator for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. CAA salt exhibits superior photoinitiation performance as compared to commercial iodonium salt in cationic polymerization. Upon visible-light irradiation, this salt undergoes hemolytic and heterolytic cleavage and subsequent electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction reactions, forming reactive species capable of initiating cationic polymerization of epoxides and vinyl monomers. After a short irradiation period, polymerization also proceeds in the dark due to the non-nucleophilic nature of the counteranion. NIR-induced polymerizations were successfully conducted based on upconversion photochemistry. CAA salt can also initiate step-growth polymerization of N-ethyl carbazole (NEC) by oxidation of the monomer by the photochemically formed anilium radical cations. Subsequent proton release and radical coupling reactions essentially yield polycarbazole. CAA salt, featuring straightforward synthesis and long-wavelength sensitivity as well as versatile photoinitiating performance, has great potential in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdi Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province 522000, China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Shenzhan Industry Co., Ltd, 522000 Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province 522000, China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Liao S. Organocatalytic [2 + 2] Photopolymerization under Visible Light: Accessing Sustainable Polymers from Cinnamic Acids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200702. [PMID: 36404649 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the successful development of a metal-free, solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of natural cinnamic acid-derived bisolefinic monomers is reported, which is enabled by a strategy based on direct triplet state access via energy transfer catalysis. 2,2'-Methoxythioxanthone has been identified as an effective organic photocatalyst for the [2 + 2] photopolymerization in solution, which can be excited by visible light and activate the biscinnamate monomers via triplet energy transfer. This method features its metal-free conditions, visible light utilization, solution polymerization, and abundant biomass-based feedstock, as well as processable polymer products, which is different from the rigid, insoluble products obtained from solid-state photopolymerization. This solution polymerization method also shows a good compatibility to monomer structures; cinnamic acid-derived bisolefinic monomers with different linkers, including diamine, natural diol, and bisphenol, can all readily undergo [2 + 2] photopolymerization, and be transformed into colorless, sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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19
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Feng X, Liu R, Shao L, Xu X, Jin Y, Shi Q, Wu Y. Visible light‐catalyzed living cationic homopolymerization and copolymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether: Characteristics and mechanism. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Feng
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Lei Shao
- International Department Beijing NO.80 High School Beijing China
| | - Xinghang Xu
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yushun Jin
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Qisong Shi
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yibo Wu
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials Beijing Institute of of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
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20
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Zhao B, Li J, Li G, Yang X, Lu S, Pan X, Zhu J. Fast Living 3D Printing via Free Radical Promoted Cationic RAFT Polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207637. [PMID: 36707417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of reversible deactivation radical polymerization techniques in 3D printing is emerging as a powerful method to build "living" polymer networks, which can be easily postmodified with various functionalities. However, the building speed of these systems is still limited compared to commercial systems. Herein, a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing system via photoinduced free radical-promoted cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers, which can build "living" objects by a commercial DLP 3D printer at a relatively fast building speed (12.99 cm h-1 ), is reported. The polymerization behavior and printing conditions are studied in detail. The livingness of the printed objects is demonstrated by spatially controlled postmodification with a fluorescent monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shaopu Lu
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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21
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Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Ma Q, Liao S. Linear Cyclobutane-Containing Polymer Synthesis via [2 + 2] Photopolymerization in an Unconfined Environment under Visible Light. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1336-1342. [PMID: 36394547 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photopolymerization of diolefinic monomers is an appealing approach for the construction of polymeric materials. Herein, we demonstrate that the establishment of an effective donor-acceptor conjugation by introducing electron-donating alkoxy groups at appropriate positions of the benzene ring could activate p-phenylenediacrylate (PDA), thus enabling the development of the first solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of such monomers under the irradiation of visible light. Variation on the alkoxy groups and the ester parts could allow access to a series of linear cyclobutane-containing polymer products with high molecular weight (up to 140 kDa) and good solubility in common solvents. Further, temporal control and postpolymerization modification with preinstalled pendant C═C bonds via thiol-ene click reaction are also demonstrated with this [2 + 2] photopolymerization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Wang Q, Bai FY, Wang Y, Niu F, Zhang Y, Mi Q, Hu K, Pan X. Photoinduced Ion-Pair Inner-Sphere Electron Transfer-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19942-19952. [PMID: 36266241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a promising method of precise synthesis of polymers with diverse structures and properties. However, its mechanism mainly based on the outer-sphere electron transfer (OSET) leads to stringent requirements for an efficient photocatalyst. In this paper, the zwitterionic organoboranes [L2B]+X- are prepared and applied in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with the photoinduced ion-pair inner-sphere electron transfer (IP-ISET) mechanism. The ion-pair electron transfer mechanism and the formation of the radical [L2B]• are supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) radical capture experiments, 1H/11B NMR spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemical spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, theoretical calculation, and photoluminescence quenching experiments. Photoluminescence quenching experiments show that when [CTA]/[[L2B]+] ≥ 0.6, it is static quenching because of the in situ formation of [L2B]+[ZCS2]-, the real catalytic species. [L2B]+[C3H7SCS2]- is synthesized, and its photoluminescence lifetime is the same as the lifetime in the static quenching experiment, indicating the formation of [L2B]+[ZCS2]- in polymerization and the IP-ISET mechanism. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass (MALDI-TOF MS) spectra show that the structure of [C3H7SCS2] was incorporated into the polymer, indicating that ion-pair electron transfer occurs in catalytic species. The polymerization shows high catalytic activity at ppb catalyst loading, a wide range of monomers, excellent tolerance in the presence of 5 mol % phenolic inhibitors, and the synthesis of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers. This protocol with the IP-ISET mechanism exhibits a value in the development of new organic transformations and polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Yinling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Qixi Mi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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23
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Valle M, Ximenis M, Lopez de Pariza X, Chan JMW, Sardon H. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203043. [PMID: 35700152 PMCID: PMC9545893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis has evolved into an effective complement to metal- or enzyme-based catalysis in polymerization, polymer functionalization, and depolymerization. The ease of removal and greater sustainability of organocatalysts relative to transition-metal-based ones has spurred development in specialty applications, e.g., medical devices, drug delivery, optoelectronics. Despite this, the use of organocatalysis and other organomediated reactions in polymer chemistry is still rapidly developing, and we envisage their rapidly growing application in nascent areas such as controlled radical polymerization, additive manufacturing, and chemical recycling in the coming years. In this Review, we describe ten trending areas where we anticipate paradigm shifts resulting from novel organocatalysts and other transition-metal-free conditions. We highlight opportunities and challenges and detail how new discoveries could lead to previously inaccessible functional materials and a potentially circular plastics economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Marta Ximenis
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
- University of the Balearic Islands UIBDepartment of ChemistryCra. Valldemossa, Km 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment (ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)1 Pesek Road, Jurong IslandSingapore627833Singapore
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
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24
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Yang Z, Chen J, Liao S. Monophosphoniums as Effective Photoredox Organocatalysts for Visible Light-Regulated Cationic RAFT Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1073-1078. [PMID: 35984378 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-regulated metal-free polymerizations have attracted considerable attention for macromolecular syntheses in recent years. However, few organic photocatalysts show high efficiency and strict photocontrol in cationic polymerizations. Herein, we introduce monophosphonium-doped polycyclic arenes as an organic photocatalyst, which features the high tunability, broad redox window, long excited state lifetime, and excellent temporal control in the cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers. A correlation of the catalytic performance and the photophysical and electrochemical properties of photocatalysts is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Takagi K, Murakata H, Hasegawa T. Application of Thiourea/Halogen Bond Donor Cocatalysis in Metal-Free Cationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether and Styrene Derivatives. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Murakata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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26
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Visible light-controlled living cationic polymerization of methoxystyrene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3621. [PMID: 35750872 PMCID: PMC9232534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-controlled living polymerization has received great attention in recent years. However, despite the great success therein, the report on photo-controlled living cationic polymerization has been greatly limited. We demonstrate here a novel decolorable, metal-free and visible light-controlled living cationic polymerization system by using tris(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylium tetrafluoroborate as the photocatalyst and phosphate as the chain transfer agent (CTA) for polymerization of 4-methoxystyrene. This polymerization reaction under green LED light irradiation shows clear living characteristics including predictable molar mass, low molar-mass dispersity (Đ = 1.25), and sequential polymerization capability. In addition, the photocatalytic system exits excellent "on-off" photo switchability and shows the longest "off period" of 36 h up to now for photo-controlled cationic polymerization. Furthermore, the residual photo-catalyst is easily deactivated and decolored with addition of a base after the polymerization. The present study has extended the photo-controlled living cationic polymerization systems with new organic photocatalysts, phosphate CTA and polymerizable monomer as well as the new properties of excellent photostability and in-situ decolored capacity.
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27
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Sardon H, Valle M, Lopez de Pariza X, Ximenis M, Chan JM. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Sardon
- University of Basque Country POLYMAT Paseo Manuel Lardizabal n 3 20018 San Sebastian SPAIN
| | - María Valle
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | | | - Marta Ximenis
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | - Julian M.W. Chan
- Agency for Science Technology and Research Institue of Chemical and Engineering Science SINGAPORE
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28
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Takagi K, Sakakibara N, Hasegawa T, Hayashi S. Controlled/Living Cationic Polymerization of p-Methoxystyrene Using Tellurium-Based Chalcogen Bonding Catalyst─Discovery of a New Water-Tolerant Lewis Acid Catalyst. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Nao Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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29
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Perylenetetracarboxylic acid nanosheets with internal electric fields and anisotropic charge migration for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2067. [PMID: 35440732 PMCID: PMC9018690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient hydrogen evolution reactions carried out via photocatalysis using solar light remain a formidable challenge. Herein, perylenetetracarboxylic acid nanosheets with a monolayer thickness of ~1.5 nm were synthesized and shown to be active hydrogen evolution photocatalysts with production rates of 118.9 mmol g−1 h−1. The carboxyl groups increased the intensity of the internal electric fields of perylenetetracarboxylic acid from the perylene center to the carboxyl border by 10.3 times to promote charge-carrier separation. The photogenerated electrons and holes migrated to the edge and plane, respectively, to weaken charge-carrier recombination. Moreover, the perylenetetracarboxylic acid reduction potential increases from −0.47 V to −1.13 V due to the decreased molecular conjugation and enhances the reduction ability. In addition, the carboxyl groups created hydrophilic sites. This work provides a strategy to engineer the molecular structures of future efficient photocatalysts. While organic semiconductors provide a highly tailorable set of systems for solar-to-fuel conversion, such materials often show worse activities than inorganic materials. Here, authors prepare perylene-based nanosheets that demonstrate excellent performances for photocatalytic H2 evolution.
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Wu C, Corrigan N, Lim CH, Liu W, Miyake G, Boyer C. Rational Design of Photocatalysts for Controlled Polymerization: Effect of Structures on Photocatalytic Activities. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5476-5518. [PMID: 34982536 PMCID: PMC9815102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of photocatalysts (PCs) in controlled polymerization has brought new opportunities in sophisticated macromolecular synthesis. However, the selection of PCs in these systems has been typically based on laborious trial-and-error strategies. To tackle this limitation, computer-guided rational design of PCs based on knowledge of structure-property-performance relationships has emerged. These rational strategies provide rapid and economic methodologies for tuning the performance and functionality of a polymerization system, thus providing further opportunities for polymer science. This review provides an overview of PCs employed in photocontrolled polymerization systems and summarizes their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art. Background theories on electronic transitions are also introduced to establish the structure-property-performance relationships from a perspective of quantum chemistry. Typical examples for each type of structure-property relationships are then presented to enlighten future design of PCs for photocontrolled polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | | | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- New Iridium Incorporated, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Garret Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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31
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Su M, Sheng YJ, Chen YJ, Li T, Shi QX, Xiao H, Pu MQ, Bao H, Wan WM. Living Covalent-Anionic-Radical Polymerization via a Barbier Strategy. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:354-361. [PMID: 35575370 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The developments of the living alkene polymerization method have achieved great progress and enabled the precise synthesis of important polyalkenes with controlled molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and architecture through an anionic, cationic or radical strategy. However, it is still challenging to develop a living alkene polymerization method through an all-in-one strategy where anionic and radical characteristics are merged into one polymerization species. Here, a versatile living polymerization method is reported by introducing a well-established all-in-one covalent-anionic-radical Barbier strategy into a living polymerization. Through this living covalent-anionic-radical Barbier polymerization (Barbier CARP), narrow distributed polystyrenes, with Đ as low as 1.05, are successfully prepared under mild conditions with a full monomer conversion by using wide varieties of organohalides, for example, alkyl, benzyl, allyl, and phenyl halides, as initiators with Mg in one pot. This living covalent-anionic-radical polymerization via a Barbier strategy expands the methodology library of polymer chemistry and enables living polymerization with an unconventional polymerization mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Li Z, Li J, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Catalyst-Free, Visible-Light-Induced Step-Growth Polymerization by a Photo-RAFT Single-Unit Monomer Insertion Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:230-235. [PMID: 35574774 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced polymerization is an attractive technique with the advantages of easy operation, mild conditions, and excellent temporospatial controllability. However, the application of this technique in step-growth polymerization is highly challenging. Here, we present a catalyst-free, visible-light-induced step-growth polymerization method utilizing a photo-RAFT single-unit monomer insertion reaction between the xanthate and vinyl ether groups. Benefitting from this reaction, a pendant cationic RAFT agent can be generated in each repeating unit of the polymer backbone. Both cationic and radical side chain extensions were successfully realized, providing a facile approach for the postpolymerization of step-growth polymers for the development of various functional polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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33
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Wang W, Zhou Z, Sathe D, Tang X, Moran S, Jin J, Haeffner F, Wang J, Niu J. Degradable Vinyl Random Copolymers via Photocontrolled Radical Ring‐Opening Cascade Copolymerization**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Zefeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Xuanting Tang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Stephanie Moran
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Fredrik Haeffner
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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34
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Jiang Y, Ma Q, Zhang X, Li J, Liao S. Solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of biomass-derived nonrigid biscinnamate monomers enabled by energy transfer catalysis. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-mediated [2 + 2] photopolymerization of nonrigid biscinnamate monomers has been realized in solution via energy transfer catalysis, featuring its operation simplicity, controllability, and a general monomer scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Junfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, China
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35
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Yang Z, Xiao W, Zhang X, Liao S. Organocatalytic cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers with excellent temporal control. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photo-controlled cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers has been developed by using a bisphosphonium organophotocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenpei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing 100190, China
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36
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Matsuda M, Uchiyama M, Itabashi Y, Ohkubo K, Kamigaito M. Acridinium salts as photoredox organocatalysts for photomediated cationic RAFT and DT polymerizations of vinyl ethers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01568k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of acridinium salts with high excited-state oxidative power are employed as photoredox organocatalysts for photomediated cationic RAFT and DT polymerizations under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Matsuda
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Itabashi
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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37
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Zhang DY, Han D, Li Y, Chen DF. Expanding monomer scope and enabling post-modification in photocontrolled radical ring-opening polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes by an iodine transfer strategy. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-driven iodine transfer polymerization provides efficient and unique access to novel poly(vinylcyclopropanes) with enhanced material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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39
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Destephen A, González de San Román E, Ballard N. The influence of thiocarbonylthio compounds on the B(C 6F 5) 3 catalyzed cationic polymerization of styrene. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When applied to the cationic polymerization of styrene, thiocarbonylthio compounds can lead to a dual control mechanism, where degenerative chain transfer occurs concurrent with a reversible addition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Destephen
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Estibaliz González de San Román
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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40
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Lin X, Li J, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlled Cationic Polymerization Using RAFT Agents with Selenonium Cations as Metal-Free Lewis Acids: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Catalysis. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living cationic polymerization is a well-known technique, but it is generally limited by strict operating conditions. Here, a series of selenonium cations was used as a new class of catalysts...
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41
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Liao S. Organocatalytic, Stereoselective, Cationic Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:679-684. [PMID: 34967605 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tacticity is a crucial factor affecting the properties of synthetic polymer materials. Here, we introduce a type of chiral organic Brønsted acid catalyst, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol-derived N,N'-bis(triflyl)phosphoramidimidates (PADIs), for the cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers, which enables the development of the first organocatalytic, highly stereoselective, cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of vinyl ethers with a trithiocarbonate chain-transfer agent. This metal-free RAFT process could afford isotactic poly(vinyl ethers) with high stereoselectivity, controllable molecular mass, and narrow dispersity at low catalyst loadings (as low as 200 ppm). Moreover, the trithiocarbonate chain-end allows for chain extension to synthesize diblock copolymers comprising an isotactic poly(vinyl ether) block, by a mechanistic switching from stereoselective cationic RAFT polymerization to visible-light-regulated cationic and radical RAFT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Wang W, Zhou Z, Sathe D, Tang X, Moran S, Jin J, Haeffner F, Wang J, Niu J. Degradable Vinyl Random Copolymers via Photocontrolled Radical Ring-Opening Cascade Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113302. [PMID: 34890493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Degradable vinyl polymers by radical ring-opening polymerization are promising solutions to the challenges caused by non-degradable vinyl plastics. However, achieving even distributions of labile functional groups in the backbone of degradable vinyl polymers remains challenging. Herein, we report a photocatalytic approach to degradable vinyl random copolymers via radical ring-opening cascade copolymerization (rROCCP). The rROCCP of macrocyclic allylic sulfones and acrylates or acrylamides mediated by visible light at ambient temperature achieved near-unity comonomer reactivity ratios over the entire range of the feed compositions. Experimental and computational evidence revealed an unusual reversible inhibition of chain propagation by in situ generated sulfur dioxide (SO2), which was successfully overcome by reducing the solubility of SO2. This study provides a powerful approach to degradable vinyl random copolymers with comparable material properties to non-degradable vinyl polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Boston College, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Devavrat Sathe
- University of Akron, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Jing Jin
- Boston College, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Junpeng Wang
- University of Akron, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Jia Niu
- Boston College, Department of Chemistry, 2609 Beacon St., Merkert Chemistry Center 214B, 02467, Chestnut Hill, UNITED STATES
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Quan Q, Ma M, Wang Z, Gu Y, Chen M. Visible-Light-Enabled Organocatalyzed Controlled Alternating Terpolymerization of Perfluorinated Vinyl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20443-20451. [PMID: 34121303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymerizations of perfluorinated vinyl ethers (PFVEs) provide an important category of fluoropolymers that have received considerable interests in applications. In this work, we report the development of an organocatalyzed controlled radical alternating terpolymerization of PFVEs and vinyl ethers (VEs) under visible-light irradiation. This method not only enables the synthesis of a broad scope of fluorinated terpolymers of low dispersities and high chain-end fidelity, facilitating tuning the chemical compositions by rationally choosing the type and/or ratio of comonomers, but also allows temporal control of chain-growth, as well as the preparation of a variety of novel fluorinated block copolymers. To showcase the versatility of this method, fluorinated alternating terpolymers have been synthesized and customized to simultaneously display a variety of desirable properties for solid polymer electrolyte design, creating new opportunities in high-performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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44
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Quan Q, Ma M, Wang Z, Gu Y, Chen M. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Organocatalyzed Controlled Alternating Terpolymerization of Perfluorinated Vinyl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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