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Jiang H, Fang E, Qi L, Guan X, Li Y, Liu W, Ngai T. Dual-responsive colloidosome-like microgels as the building blocks for phase inversion of Pickering emulsions. Soft Matter 2023; 19:8240-8246. [PMID: 37869938 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The intelligent regulation of microgel-stabilized Pickering emulsions with multi-responsiveness is presently constrained to the processes of emulsification and destabilization. However, the expansion of multi-control over Pickering emulsions to involve phase inversion and the investigation of the accompanying processes and mechanisms present a great challenge. In this study, a microgel with dual responsiveness to both pH and temperature was synthesized using an emulsion template. The resulting microgel exhibited a robust colloidosome-like structure, distinguished by the presence of monolayer-adsorbed silica nanoparticles. The regulation of the packing of surface-covered silica nanoparticles was easily achieved through the swelling of the microgel matrix. Furthermore, the wettability of the microgel can be adjusted between hydrophilic and hydrophobic intervals, allowing for the effective and dual-responsive phase inversion of Pickering emulsions. Moreover, it has been observed that colloidosome-like microgels can lead to unique interfacial structures during the emulsification process, thereby elucidating the fundamental mechanism governing emulsion phase inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
| | - En Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong.
| | - Yunxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong.
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Li Y, Yang T, Yao Q, Li S, Fang E, Li Y, Liu C, Li W. Metformin prevents colonic barrier dysfunction by inhibiting mast cell activation in maternal separation-induced IBS-like rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13556. [PMID: 30740845 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a key etiologic factor of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Metformin improves intestinal barrier function, although the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully explained. This study evaluates the protective effect of metformin on colonic barrier integrity and explores the underlying cellular mechanisms. METHODS IBS-like rats were induced by maternal separation. Metformin was administered daily by gavage at 08:30, and rat pups were then separated from their mother. Visceral hyperalgesia and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by colorectal distension, sucrose preference tests, and forced swimming tests. Intestinal integrity was analyzed using sugar probes and transmission electron microscopy. Inflammatory factors and the levels of corticotropin-releasing factor were assessed by PCR and ELISA. The number of mast cells was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. Protein expression and localization were determined using Western blot and immunochemistry. KEY RESULTS Metformin pretreatment (a) reduced visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension, immobility time and enhanced sucrose consumption; (b) decreased urine lactulose/mannitol ratio and sucralose output; (c) inhibited the dilation of tight junction and prevented claudin-4 translocation; (d) inhibited mast cell activation and downregulated the expression of IL-6, IL-18, tryptase, PAR-2, and ERK activation; (e) inhibited claudin-4 phosphorylation at serine sites and interactions between clau-4 and ZO-1. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Metformin may block mast cell activation to reduce PAR-2 expression and subsequently inhibit ERK activation and clau-4 phosphorylation at serine sites to normalize the interaction of clau-4 and ZO-1 and clau-4 distribution. Metformin may be clinically beneficial for patients with IBS or IBS-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Laboratory of Neuronal Network and Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Laboratory of Neuronal Network and Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Songsong Li
- Xianning Institute for Drug Control, Xianning, China
| | - En Fang
- Xianning Institute for Drug Control, Xianning, China
| | - Yankun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Laboratory of Neuronal Network and Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xie Y, Hu D, Zhong C, Liu KF, Fang E, Zhang YJ, Zhou C, Tian LW. Anti-inflammatory furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Smilax china L. Steroids 2018; 140:70-76. [PMID: 30273696 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Seven new furostanol saponins (1-7), chongrenosides A-G, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax china L., together with nine known furostanol saponins (8-16). The structures of the new furostanol saponins (1-7) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS) and chemical evidence. Compounds 1-6 and 8-16 were evaluated for TNF-α mRNA expression inhibitory activity on LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Of them, 1, 4, 6, and 11 inhibited the TNF-α mRNA expression by 88%, 87%, 67%, and 93%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Deng Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Fei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - En Fang
- Xianning Institute of Drug Supervision and Inspection, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Nadler JW, Evans JL, Fang E, Preud'Homme XA, Daughtry RL, Chapman JB, Bolognesi MP, Attarian DE, Wellman SS, Krystal AD. A randomised trial of peri-operative positive airway pressure for postoperative delirium in patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea after regional anaesthesia with sedation or general anaesthesia for joint arthroplasty. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:729-736. [PMID: 28251606 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous pilot work has established an association between obstructive sleep apnoea and the development of acute postoperative delirium , but it remains unclear to what extent this risk factor is modifiable in the 'real world' peri-operative setting. In a single-blind randomised controlled trial, 135 elderly surgical patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were randomly assigned to receive peri-operative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or routine care. Of the 114 patients who completed the study, 21 (18.4%) experienced delirium. Delirium was equally common in both groups: 21% (12 of 58 subjects) in the CPAP group and 16% (9 of 56 subjects) in the routine care group (OR = 1.36 [95%CI 0.52-3.54], p = 0.53). Delirious subjects were slightly older - mean (SD) age 68.9 (10.7) vs. 64.9 (8.2), p = 0.07 - but had nearly identical pre-operative STOP-Bang scores (4.19 (1.1) versus 4.27 (1.3), p = 0.79). Subjects in the CPAP group used their devices for a median (IQR [range]) of 3 (0.25-5 [0-12]) nights pre-operatively (2.9 (0.1-4.8 [0.0-12.7]) hours per night) and 1 (0-2 [0-2]) nights postoperatively (1.4 (0.0-5.1 [0.0-11.6]) hours per night). Among the CPAP subjects, the residual pre-operative apnoea-hypopnea index had a significant effect on delirium severity (p = 0.0002). Although we confirm that apnoea is associated with postoperative delirium, we did not find that providing a short-course of auto-titrating CPAP affected its likelihood or severity. Voluntary adherence to CPAP is particularly poor during the initiation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nadler
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - J L Evans
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Fang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - J B Chapman
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - S S Wellman
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - A D Krystal
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Executive Vice Chair for the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute (LPPI), University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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O'Riordan W, Green S, Mehra P, De Anda C, Fang E, Prokocimer P. Tedizolid Phosphate for the Management of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Efficacy Summary. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58 Suppl 1:S43-50. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Das D, Tulkens PM, Mehra P, Fang E, Prokocimer P. Tedizolid Phosphate for the Management of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Safety Summary. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58 Suppl 1:S51-7. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Flanagan S, Morris D, Boyea T, Dreskin H, Minassian SL, Alcorn H, Marbury T, Abdelhameed M, Fang E, Prokocimer P. A phase 1 study of intravenously administered TR-701 FA in subjects with advanced renal impairment. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3891555 DOI: 10.1186/cc12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dorsey J, Searles S, Ciraula M, Johnson S, Bujanos N, Wu D, Braganza M, Meyers S, Fang E, Kumar R. An Integrated Quad-Core Opteron Processor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/isscc.2007.373608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Presting GG, Budiman MA, Wood T, Yu Y, Kim HR, Goicoechea JL, Fang E, Blackman B, Jiang J, Woo SS, Dean RA, Frisch D, Wing RA. A framework for sequencing the rice genome. Novartis Found Symp 2002; 236:13-24; discussion 24-7. [PMID: 11387975 DOI: 10.1002/9780470515778.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop and a model plant for other cereal genomes. The Clemson University Genomics Institute framework project, begun two years ago in anticipation of the now ongoing international effort to sequence the rice genome, is nearing completion. Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries have been constructed from the Oryza sativa cultivar Nipponbare. Over 100,000 BAC end sequences have been generated from these libraries and, at a current total of 28 Mbp, represent 6.5% of the total rice genome sequence. This sequence information has allowed us to draw first conclusions about unique and redundant rice genomic sequences. In addition, more than 60,000 clones (19 genome equivalents) have been successfully fingerprinted and assembled into contigs using FPC software. Many of these contigs have been anchored to the rice chromosomes using a variety of techniques. Hybridization experiments have shown these contigs to be very robust. Contig assembly and hybridization experiments have revealed some surprising insights into the organization of the rice genome, which will have significant repercussions for the sequencing effort. Integration of BAC end sequence data with anchored contig information has provided unexpected revelations on sequence organization at the chromosomal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Presting
- Clemson University Genomics Institute, 100 Jordan Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 2963-5708, USA
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Rauyaree P, Choi W, Fang E, Blackmon B, Dean RA. Genes expressed during early stages of rice infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant Pathol 2001; 2:347-54. [PMID: 20573024 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
summary A system-wide approach was adopted to further elucidate mechanisms regulating disease outcome between rice and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. First, a cDNA library was constructed from M. grisea infected rice at 48 h post-inoculation. The 5' end-sequencing of 619 randomly selected clones revealed 359 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that had not previously been described. A total of 124 from 260 ESTs with high and moderate similarity scores, based on BlastX, were organized into categories according to their putative function. The largest category of sequences (21%) contained stress or defence response genes. Eleven per cent of identified ESTs were redundant. In a second approach, differential hybridization analysis of the cDNA library using high-density filters resulted in the identification of novel genes and previously characterized M. grisea genes, including several that had previously been implicated in the infection process. A survey of up-regulated cDNA clones revealed clone 29003, which corresponded to the rice peroxidase POX22.3. This gene is known to be expressed in rice upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen. Importantly, this approach demonstrates the utility of gene discovery, through ESTs, for revealing novel genes in addition to those previously characterized as being potentially implicated in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rauyaree
- Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Tribouley C, Wallroth M, Chan V, Paliard X, Fang E, Lamson G, Pot D, Escobedo J, Williams LT. Characterization of a new member of the TNF family expressed on antigen presenting cells. Biol Chem 1999; 380:1443-7. [PMID: 10661873 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The TNF family is involved in the regulation of the immune system, and its members have been implicated in a variety of biological events such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Here we present a new member of the TNF family, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 20 (TNFSF20) that we have identified from the expressed sequence tag (EST) database and characterized. The human protein is a 285 amino acid long type II transmembrane protein and is 19% homologous to TNF in its extra-cellular domain. TNFSF20 is expressed at the surface of antigen presenting cells such as cells of the macrophagemonocyte lineage and dendritic cells. After treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNFSF20 expression is downregulated at the surface of the expresssing cells, suggesting that the membrane-bound protein gets cleaved, and that a soluble factor is released in the extra-cellular compartment. The soluble form of the recombinant TNFSF20 induces proliferation of resting peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) and cell death of activated lymphocytes. TNFSF20 might therefore play a critical role in the regulation of cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tribouley
- Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608-2916, USA
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of clinical guidelines as a tool to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care. Yet, relatively little data are available regarding the use of guidelines by health care provider organizations. We developed a written descriptive survey investigating the development, implementation, and evaluation of clinical guidelines that was administered to medical directors or their designees from physician medical groups and independent practice associations. Eighty-seven percent of physician organizations were reported to be developing or implementing clinical guidelines. The reasons most often cited for developing clinical guidelines were quality improvement and cost containment. Local expert opinion or judgment was rated as the most important influence in the development of clinical guidelines, followed by medical and scientific literature and externally developed guidelines. Feedback of information was the most popular method of increasing compliance with clinical guidelines, although 19% of physician organizations reported imposing sanctions on physicians who did not use guidelines. Most of the physician organizations surveyed have embraced clinical guidelines. Local development or adaptation of clinical guidelines may be common. There has been disproportionately little attention paid to guideline implementation and to evaluation of guideline effects relative to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
Optic nerve aplasia is a rare congenital defect invariably associated with other ocular or systemic disorders. We examined a 3-year-old girl with monocular microphthalmos who had optic nerve aplasia on histopathologic examination of the eye after enucleation. Magnetic resonance imaging verified the presence of unilateral optic nerve aplasia, and demonstrated hemichiasmal hypoplasia on the affected side and bilateral optic tracts. The visually evoked cortical response revealed increased signals over the occipital cortex ipsilateral to the aplastic nerve, suggesting misdirection of axons from the temporal retina of the normal eye. The visual pathway in unilateral optic nerve aplasia may assume a primitive form of neuronal organization characterized by an increase in contralateral retinogeniculostriate projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Margo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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