1
|
Suryadevara N, Bagio S, Hay MA, Gable RW, Boskovic C. Enhancing redox functionality in dinuclear europium complexes. Dalton Trans 2025; 54:9208-9218. [PMID: 40384630 DOI: 10.1039/d5dt00302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Europium stands out amongst the lanthanoid elements because of its accessibility in the divalent state, in addition to the more common trivalent state. To explore europium-based redox chemistry in the presence of redox-active ligands, we have synthesised a series of dinuclear europium complexes with different redox-active bridging ligands containing oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms. Here, we report three new dinuclear europium complexes containing different redox-active bridging ligands: [{EuII(I)2(tpa)}2(μ-bpym)] (1), [{EuIII(I)2(tpa)}2(μ-bptz˙-)][I] (2), and [{EuIII(tpa)2}(μ-Br4cat)3] (3) (tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; bptz = 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and Br4catH2 = tetrabromocatechol). Across the series, the varying oxidation states of europium and the bridging ligands highlight the redox diversity accessible with these compounds. Characterization using X-ray crystallography, electronic spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and magnetometry has allowed confirmation of the oxidation states of both the metal centers and the ligands, showcasing the rich redox chemistry of these molecular europium systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Suryadevara
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Stanley Bagio
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert W Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue T, Yang QS, Li L, Chang XY, Ding YS, Zheng Z. Supramolecular assemblies of tetravalent terbium complex units: syntheses, structure, and materials properties. Chem Sci 2025; 16:6805-6811. [PMID: 40110526 PMCID: PMC11915134 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc08731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in lanthanide complexes exhibiting unconventional oxidation states, primarily due to their unique electronic structures and accompanying physicochemical properties. Herein, likely the first examples of supramolecular assemblies of non-Ce(iv) tetravalent lanthanide complexes, with the general formula [Tb(OSiPh3)4Lx] n [1 (n = 2, L1 = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane); 2 (L2 = 4,4'-bipyridine), 3 (L3 = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)acetylene), 4 (L4 = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene), and 5 (L5 = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene)], are reported. Cyclic voltammetry studies show two successive redox events, indicating electronic interactions between the two Tb(iv) centers in the dimeric metallomacrocycle 1. Compounds 2-5 are zig-zag structured coordination polymers featuring complex units of Tb(OSiPh3)4 bridged by their respective pyridyl-based ditopic ligands. These tetravalent lanthanide species display impressive stability in air, which is believed to result from the stabilization effect of ligand Lx and the extensive multifarious interactions involving the aromatic rings of the anionic (Ph3SiO-) and bridging ligands. UV-vis absorption spectroscopic studies show that 2-5 are semiconducting, each with a narrow bandgap of ca. 1.7 eV. Magnetic property studies yielded magnetic entropy changes of ca. 8.0 J (kg K)-1 at 2.5 K and 7T, which is reasonable for a complex with high-molecular-weight ligands, suggesting the potential development of Tb(iv) complexes as molecular refrigerants due to their f7 electronic configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Qing-Song Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Yu H, Li H, Sun S, Yu R, Xu Y. Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensing in Biological Region with Ratiometric Fluorescent Response. Molecules 2025; 30:1121. [PMID: 40076344 PMCID: PMC11902262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline) (POx), a typical thermoresponsive polymer with good biocompatibility, was conjugated with environment-sensitive tetraphenylenethene (TPE) and hydroxyphenylbenzoxazole (HBO) to achieve unique thermometer readings. Through phase transition induced by temperature, the thermometers can measure temperature in biologic range with ratiometric fluorescence response, ultrahigh sensitivity and good reversibility. Moreover, the thermometer can be used to measure the change in temperature with large fluorescence difference in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruijin Yu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yongqian Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Gálico DA, Chartrand D, Murugesu M. Ligand Effects on the Emission Characteristics of Molecular Eu(II) Luminescence Thermometers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:34118-34129. [PMID: 39610301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Discrete molecular organometallic europium(II) complexes are promising functional materials due to their ability to behave as highly sensitive band-shift luminescence thermometers. Furthering our understanding of the design principles salient to the emission behavior of such systems is important for developing them in this emerging application. To this end, a series of pseudo-C4v-symmetric organometallic europium(II) complexes bearing systematically varying ligand sets were synthesized and characterized to probe the influence of subtle structural modification on their optical properties. Opto-structural correlation analyses via variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal a remarkable variability in properties among structurally similar complexes and a convoluted dependence of the emission characteristics on the stereoelectronic properties of the ligands. A few factors of particular influence are nevertheless identified, including the distance between the europium(II) ion and the basal plane of the square-pyramidal coordination polyhedron, the presence of pendant electron density that might further interact with the excited-state 5d orbitals, and, qualitatively, the metal-ligand flexibility of the construct. These results help to elucidate principles that govern the luminescence properties of organometallic europium(II) complexes with an eye to enabling the rational design of high-performance luminescence thermometers of this genre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Chartrand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Gong T, Chen L, Zhao J. Pyrazine Dicarboxylic Acid and Phosphite-Bridging Lanthanide-Incorporated Tellurotungstates and Their Fluorescence Performances. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:20470-20481. [PMID: 39418332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Two pyrazine dicarboxylic acid and phosphite-bridging lanthanide-incorporated tellurotungstates [H2N(CH3)2]12 Na4[Ln4(H2O)2(H2PDBA)2(HPO3)2W6O10][B-α-TeW8O31]4 · 70H2O [Ln = Eu3+ (1), Tb3+ (2); H2PDBA = 2,5-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid) were prepared, which contain four [B-α-TeW8O31]10- subunits and a deca-nuclear heterometallic [Ln(H2O)2(HPO3)2 (H2PDBA)2(W3O5)2]24+ cluster. Strikingly, two H2PDBA ligands connect two equivalent {W3Eu2O5(H2O)(B-α-TeW8O31)2(HPIIIO3)}8- moieties to form the polyanion skeleton, while the phosphite plays a bridging role in joining two lanthanide centers in the {W3Eu2O5(H2O)(B-α-TeW8O31)2(HPIIIO3)}8- moiety. In addition to the fluorescence (FL) properties of 1 and 2 at room temperature, their temperature-dependent FL properties were also investigated. In 80-298 K, FL intensities of 1 and 2 decrease as temperature increases, and their maximum relative sensitivities (Sr) are 3.70 and 1.99% K-1, whereas the minimum temperature uncertainties (δT) are 1.25 and 1.18 K for 1 and 2. In 298-973 K, upon increasing temperature, FL intensities of 1 and 2 initially rise to their maxima at 373 K and subsequently decrease. This is because samples of 1 and 2 undergo dehydration together with amorphization below 473 K and decomposition above this temperature. This work lays a foundation for the development for luminescent thermometers based on lanthanide-incorporated polyoxometalates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Gong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao SR, Ma Y, Miao M, Feng ZT, Liu JK. Stepwise-Induced Synthesis and Excellent Corrosion Protection of Ce/Eu Codoped ZnO Solid Solution Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:49533-49543. [PMID: 39250706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Under purely inorganic conditions, a synthesis route was devised wherein elements were introduced stepwise via coprecipitation based on differences in compound solubility. This synthesis method can change the microscopic morphology of the material without relying on a templating agent, resulting in the formation of the multilayered lamellar Ce/Eu codoped zinc oxide solid solution (ZCEOSS) with a self-assembled nested imbrication structure. The study improves the critical matter of corrosion by focusing on the electron and energy transfer mechanisms. By introduction of the bandgap modulator cerium element and fluorescence enhancer europium element into the ZnO material, the anticorrosion material has been successfully endowed with both photocathodic protection and luminescent initiative/stress dual corrosion defense functions. Due to the energy level staircase protection mechanism synergistically generated by the 4f electron shell of rare-earth elements in concert with semiconductor zinc oxide, the energy band positions were modulated to progressively guide the direction of electron flow, thereby suppressing corrosion reactions. In particular, the ZCEOSS material synthesized by doping 1% cerium and 7% europium and adding rare-earth elements at pH 7 exhibited the best corrosion inhibition performance. After immersion in simulated seawater for 96 h, Tafel polarization test results showed that compared to epoxy resin and ZnO anticorrosion systems, the ZCEOSS anticorrosion system exhibited significantly improved corrosion inhibition efficiency with enhancements of 1028.3 and 402.9%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the development of highly efficient inorganic anticorrosion materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Min Miao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Tao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ku Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- Material Corrosion and Protection, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bokouende SS, Ward CL, Allen MJ. Understanding the Coordination Chemistry and Structural and Photophysical Properties of Eu II- and Sm II-Containing Complexes of Hexamethylhexacyclen and Noncyclic Tetradentate Amines. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16991-17004. [PMID: 39238155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Ligands play a crucial role in supporting or stabilizing the divalent oxidation state of lanthanide metals. To expand the range of ligands used to chelate divalent lanthanide ions, we synthesized and studied the structural and photophysical properties of complexes of EuII and SmII with hexamethylhexacyclen, 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine, tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine, and tris[2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]amine as supporting ligands. Coordination of hexamethylhexacyclen, an analogue of 18-crown-6, generates sterically crowded complexes of EuII and SmII that are either seven or eight coordinate and adopt a range of geometries that differ from those of their 18-crown-6 counterparts and from those of lanthanide-containing complexes with the acyclic tetradente tertiary amine ligands included in this report. The emission spectra of EuII(hexamethylhexacyclen) show a moderate sensitivity to counterion identity and are more red-shifted compared to those of complexes of EuII with 18-crown-6 and the hexamethylated aza derivative of 2.2.2-cryptand. In addition, the morphology of hexamethylhexacyclen in [LnI(hexamethylhexacyclen)]I was found to resemble that of thermally stable alkalides of the form [M(hexamethylhexacyclen)]Na- (M = K+ or Cs+), suggesting that hexamethylhexacyclen could be an interesting ligand for strongly reducing lanthanide ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shephard ACG, Delon A, Chevreux S, Martinez A, Guo Z, Deacon GB, Lemercier G, McClenaghan N, Jonusauskas G, Junk PC, Jaroschik F. Divalent ansa-Octaphenyllanthanocenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Eu II Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9395-9405. [PMID: 37310150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reductive dimerization of fulvenes using low-valent metal precursors is a straightforward one-step approach to access ethylene-bridged metallocenes. This process has so far mainly been employed with fulvenes carrying one or two substituents in the exocyclic position. In this work, a new synthesis of the unsubstituted exocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylfulvene (1), its full structural characterization by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as some photophysical properties and its first use in reductive dimerization are described. This fulvene reacted with different lanthanoid metals in thf to provide the divalent ansa-octaphenylmetallocenes [Ln(C5Ph4CH2)2(thf)n] (Ln = Sm, n = 2 (2); Ln = Eu, n = 2 (3); and Ln = Yb, n = 1 (4)). These complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and, in the case of Sm and Yb, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, showing the influence of the ansa-bridge on solution and solid-state structures compared to previously reported unbridged metallocenes. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of the Eu ansa complex 3 were studied in solution and the solid state, revealing significant differences with the known octa- and deca-phenyleuropocenes, [Eu(C5Ph4H)2(dme)] and [Eu(C5Ph5)2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus C G Shephard
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Aymeric Delon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Sylviane Chevreux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Zhifang Guo
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | | | - Peter C Junk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34090, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gálico DA, Murugesu M. Toward Magneto-Optical Cryogenic Thermometers with High Sensitivity: A Magnetic Circular Dichroism Based Thermometric Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309152. [PMID: 37595074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Remote temperature probing at the cryogenic range is of utmost importance for the advancement of future quantum technologies. Despite the notable achievements in luminescent thermometers, accurately measuring temperatures below 10 K remains a challenging endeavor. In this study, we propose a novel magneto-optical thermometric approach based on the magnetic-circular dichroism (MCD) technique, which offers unprecedented capabilities for meticulous temperature variation analysis at cryogenic temperatures. The inherent temperature sensitivity of the MCD C-term, in conjunction with both positive and negative signals, enables highly sensitive magneto-optical temperature probing. Additionally, a groundbreaking relative thermal sensitivity value of 95.3 % K-1 at 2.54 K can be achieved using a mononuclear lanthanide complex, [[Ho(acac)3 (phen)], in the presence of a 0.25 T applied magnetic field and using a combination of multiparametric thermal read-out with multiple regression. These results unequivocally demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of our methodology for cryogenic temperature sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alves Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Liu R, Li J, Sun F, Yang Q, Li S, Liu J, Chen J, Cheng P. Achieving Highly Efficient Warm-White Light Emission in All-Inorganic Copper-Silver Halides via Structural Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303501. [PMID: 37537363 PMCID: PMC10558639 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-component metal halides with white light emission are highly attractive for solid-state lighting applications, but it is still challenging to develop all-inorganic lead-free metal halides with high white-light emission efficiency. Herein, by rationally introducing silver (Ag) into zero-dimensional (0D) Cs3 Cu2 Br5 as new structural building unit, a one-dimensional (1D) bimetallic halide Cs6 Cu3 AgBr10 is designed that emits strong warm-white light with an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 94.5% and excellent stability. This structural transformation lowers the conduction band minimum while maintaining the localized nature of the valence band maximum, which is crucial in expanding the excitation spectrum and obtaining efficient self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission simultaneously. Detailed spectroscopy studies reveal that the white-light originates from triplet STEs emission, which can be remarkably improved by weakening the strong electron-phonon coupling and thus suppressing phonon-induced non-radiative processes. Moreover, the interesting temperature-dependent emission behavior, together with self-absorption-free property, make Cs6 Cu3 AgBr10 as sensitive luminescent thermometer and high-performance X-ray scintillator, respectively. These findings demonstrate a general approach to achieving effective single-component white-light emitters based on lead-free, all-inorganic metal halides, thereby opening up a new avenue to explore their versatile applications such as lighting, temperature detection and X-ray imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039P. R. China
| | - Runze Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and EngineeringInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao266237P. R. China
| | - Juntao Li
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical LasersDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoning116023P. R. China
| | - Fengke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039P. R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
| | - Shunshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano‐Science Center and Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 5CopenhagenDK‐2100Denmark
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Zakrzewski JJ, Zychowicz M, Xin Y, Tokoro H, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Desolvation-Induced Highly Symmetrical Terbium(III) Single-Molecule Magnet Exhibiting Luminescent Self-Monitoring of Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306372. [PMID: 37335298 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A conjunction of Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) behavior and luminescence thermometry is an emerging research line aiming at contactless read-out of temperature in future SMM-based devices. The shared working range between slow magnetic relaxation and the thermometric response is typically narrow or absent. We report TbIII -based emissive SMMs formed in a cyanido-bridged framework whose properties are governed by the reversible structural transformation from [TbIII (H2 O)2 ][CoIII (CN)6 ] ⋅ 2.7H2 O (1) to its dehydrated phase, TbIII [CoIII (CN)6 ] (2). The 8-coordinated complexes in 1 show the moderate SMM effect but it is enhanced for trigonal-prismatic TbIII complexes in 2, showing the SMM features up to 42 K. They are governed by the combination of QTM, Raman, and Orbach relaxation with the energy barrier of 594(18) cm-1 (854(26) K), one of the highest among the TbIII -based molecular nanomagnets. Both systems exhibit emission related to the f-f electronic transitions, with the temperature variations resulting in the optical thermometry below 100 K. The dehydration leads to a wide temperature overlap between the SMM behavior and thermometry, from 6 K to 42 K. These functionalities are further enriched after the magnetic dilution. The role of post-synthetic formation of high-symmetry TbIII complexes in achieving the SMM effect and hot-bands-based optical thermometry is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Jakub J Zakrzewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Y, Buch CD, Hansen SH, Piligkos S. Long aliphatic chain derivatives of trigonal lanthanide complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37318451 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The trigonal lanthanide complexes LnL (H3L = tris(((3-formyl-5-methylsalicylidene)amino)ethyl)amine) contain three pendant aldehyde groups and are known to react with primary amines. Reacting LnL (Ln = Yb, Lu) with 1-octadecylamine yields the novel aliphatic lanthanide complexes LnL18 (H3L18 = tris(((3-(1-octadecylimine)-5-methylsalicylidene)amino)ethyl)amine) where the three aldehyde groups are transformed to 1-octadecylimine groups. Herein the syntheses, structural characterisation and magnetic properties of LnL18 are presented. The crystal structure of YbL18 shows that the reaction of YbL with 1-octadecylamine leads to only very subtle perturbations in the first coordination sphere of Yb(III), with the Yb(III) ion retaining its heptacoordination and similar bond lengths and angles to the ligand. The three octadecyl chains in each complex were found to direct crystal packing into lipophilic arrays of van der Waals interaction-driven hydrocarbon stacking. The static magnetic properties of YbL18 were compared to those of the non-derivatised complex YbL. The energy level splitting of the 2F7/2 ground multiplet was found, by emission spectroscopy, to be very similar between the derivatised and non-derivatised complexes. A.c. magnetic susceptibility measurements on YbL18 and YbL diluted at 4.8% and 4.2% into the diamagnetic hosts LuL18 and LuL, respectively, revealed that the spin-lattice relaxation of both complexes is governed by a low temperature direct process and a high temperature Raman process. In the high temperature regime, the derivatised complex was also found to have faster spin-lattice relaxation, which is likely due to the increased number of phonons in the octadecyl chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian D Buch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Steen H Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stergios Piligkos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gálico DA, Santos Calado CM, Murugesu M. Lanthanide molecular cluster-aggregates as the next generation of optical materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5827-5841. [PMID: 37293634 PMCID: PMC10246660 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we provide an overview of the recent achievements in luminescent lanthanide-based molecular cluster-aggregates (MCAs) and illustrate why MCAs can be seen as the next generation of highly efficient optical materials. MCAs are high nuclearity compounds composed of rigid multinuclear metal cores encapsulated by organic ligands. The combination of high nuclearity and molecular structure makes MCAs an ideal class of compounds that can unify the properties of traditional nanoparticles and small molecules. By bridging the gap between both domains, MCAs intrinsically retain unique features with tremendous impacts on their optical properties. Although homometallic luminescent MCAs have been extensively studied since the late 1990s, it was only recently that heterometallic luminescent MCAs were pioneered as tunable luminescent materials. These heterometallic systems have shown tremendous impacts in areas such as anti-counterfeiting materials, luminescent thermometry, and molecular upconversion, thus representing a new generation of lanthanide-based optical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alves Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gálico DA, Murugesu M. Boosting the sensitivity with time-gated luminescence thermometry using a nanosized molecular cluster aggregate. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5778-5785. [PMID: 36857687 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence thermometry with trivalent lanthanide ions is a promising avenue for contactless temperature probing. The area has been growing exponentially for the last two decades, and its viability has been successfully demonstrated in various research domains. However, moving from laboratory equipment to real-life applications remains a challenging task. One of the reasons is the possibility of a background luminescence from the probing device or probed environment. To tackle this issue, we elegantly incorporate a rarely explored thermometric approach called time-gated luminescence thermometry (TGLT). Furthermore, we demonstrate an enhanced relative sensitivity through this innovative approach and a path to move toward practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alves Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hay MA, Gable RW, Boskovic C. Modulating the electronic properties of divalent lanthanoid complexes with subtle ligand tuning. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3315-3324. [PMID: 36806851 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds of formula [LnII(Mentpa)2](BPh4)2 (Ln = Eu, n = 0 (1-Eu), n = 2 (2-Eu) and n = 3 (3-Eu); Ln = Yb, n = 0 (1-Yb) and n = 2 (2-Yb); tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, n = 0-3 corresponds to successive methylation of the 6-position of the pyridine rings of Mentpa) have been synthesized and their structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties investigated. The LnII ions in the five complexes possess cubic coordination geometry and exhibit only small structural differences, due to the lengthening of the Ln-N bonds to accommodate the additional steric bulk associated with increasing methylation of the Mentpa ligands. Photophysical studies indicate moderate shifts in absorbance, emission and excitation bands associated with the 4f7 ↔ 4f65d1 (EuII) and 4f14 ↔ 4f135d1 (YbII) transitions, while electrochemistry reveals modulation of the redox potential of the LnII to LnIII oxidation. There is a strong correlation between Ln-N bond lengths and both the photophysical transition energies and metal redox-potentials, revealing how subtle ligand changes and ligand field effects can be used to modulate the electronic properties of complexes of divalent lanthanoid ions. Utilization of these insights may ultimately afford design and property tuning strategies for future functional molecular complexes based on divalent lanthanoid metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert W Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chowdhury T, Evans MJ, Coles MP, Bailey AG, Peveler WJ, Wilson C, Farnaby JH. Reduction chemistry yields stable and soluble divalent lanthanide tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2134-2137. [PMID: 36727241 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the heteroleptic Ln(III) precursors [Ln(Tp)2(OTf)] (Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate; OTf = triflate) with either an aluminyl(I) anion or KC8 yielded the adduct-free homoleptic Ln(II) complexes dimeric 1-Eu [{Eu(Tp)(μ-κ1:η5-Tp)}2] and monomeric 1-Yb [Yb(Tp)2]. Complexes 1-Ln have good solubility and stability in both non-coordinating and coordinating solvents. Reaction of 1-Ln with 2 Ph3PO yielded 1-Ln(OPPh3)2. All complexes are intensely coloured and 1-Eu is photoluminescent. The electronic absorption data show the 4f-5d electronic transitions in Ln(II). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal first μ-κ1:η5-coordination mode of the unsubstituted Tp ligand to lanthanides in 1-Eu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tajrian Chowdhury
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Anna G Bailey
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Joy H Farnaby
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gálico DA, Mazali IO, Sigoli FA. Bifunctional Temperature and Oxygen Dual Probe Based on Anthracene and Europium Complex Luminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314526. [PMID: 36498852 PMCID: PMC9740382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a polydimethylsiloxane membrane containing two emitter groups chemically attached to the membrane structure. For this, we attached the anthracene group and the [Eu(bzac)3] complex as blue and red emitters, respectively, in the matrix via hydrosilylation reactions. The synthesized membrane can be used as a bifunctional temperature and oxygen ratiometric optical probe by analyzing the effects that temperature changes and oxygen levels produce on the ratio of anthracene and europium(III) emission components. As a temperature probe, the system is operational in the 203-323 K range, with an observed maximum relative sensitivity of 2.06% K-1 at 290 K and temperature uncertainties below 0.1 K over all the operational range. As an oxygen probe, we evaluated the ratiometric response at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C. These results show an interesting approach to obtaining bifunctional ratiometric optical probes and also suggest the presence of an anthracene → europium(III) energy transfer, even though there is no chemical bonding between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alves Gálico
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.A.G.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Italo Odone Mazali
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Aparecido Sigoli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.A.G.); (F.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stewart OC, Marwitz AC, Swanson J, Bertke JA, Hartman T, Monteiro JHSK, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Knope KE, Stoll SL. Lanthanide Luminescence and Thermochromic Emission from Soft-Atom Donor Dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15547-15557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando C. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Alexander C. Marwitz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Joel Swanson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Tyler Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Jorge H. S. K. Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, California Polytechnic State University, Humboldt, Arcata, California 95521, United States
| | | | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Sarah L. Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bokouende SS, Jenks TC, Ward CL, Allen MJ. Solid-state and solution-phase characterization of Sm II-aza[2.2.2]cryptate and its methylated analogue. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10852-10855. [PMID: 35781473 PMCID: PMC9650674 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new SmII-azacryptates are reported that differ in steric hindrance and Lewis basicity of donor atoms. The sterically hindered complex has a smaller coordination number and a more negative electrochemical potential than the complex with less steric hindrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler C Jenks
- Deparptment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Deparptment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|