1
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Holmes JB, Torodii D, Balodis M, Cordova M, Hofstetter A, Paruzzo F, Nilsson Lill SO, Eriksson E, Berruyer P, Simões de Almeida B, Quayle M, Norberg S, Ankarberg AS, Schantz S, Emsley L. Atomic-level structure of the amorphous drug atuliflapon via NMR crystallography. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39291342 PMCID: PMC11409164 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
We determine the complete atomic-level structure of the amorphous form of the drug atuliflapon, a 5-lipooxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor, via chemical-shift-driven NMR crystallography. The ensemble of preferred structures allows us to identify a number of specific conformations and interactions that stabilize the amorphous structure. These include preferred hydrogen-bonding motifs with water and with other drug molecules, as well as conformations of the cyclohexane and pyrazole rings that stabilize structure by indirectly allowing for optimization of hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Holmes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daria Torodii
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martins Balodis
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Hofstetter
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Federico Paruzzo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Data Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Data Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Simões de Almeida
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mike Quayle
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Norberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Svensk Ankarberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Schantz
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Zhao C, Zhou Z, Almalki M, Hope MA, Zhao J, Gallet T, Krishna A, Mishra A, Eickemeyer FT, Xu J, Yang Y, Zakeeruddin SM, Redinger A, Savenije TJ, Emsley L, Yao J, Zhang H, Grätzel M. Stabilization of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with a tailored supramolecular interface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7139. [PMID: 39164254 PMCID: PMC11335880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of defects at the interface between the perovskite film and the carrier transport layer poses significant challenges to the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Addressing this issue, we introduce a dual host-guest (DHG) complexation strategy to modulate both the bulk and interfacial properties of FAPbI3-rich PSCs. Through NMR spectroscopy, a synergistic effect of the dual treatment is observed. Additionally, electro-optical characterizations demonstrate that the DHG strategy not only passivates defects but also enhances carrier extraction and transport. Remarkably, employing the DHG strategy yields PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 25.89% (certified at 25.53%). Furthermore, these DHG-modified PSCs exhibit enhanced operational stability, retaining over 96.6% of their initial PCE of 25.55% after 1050 hours of continuous operation under one-sun illumination, which was the highest initial value in the recently reported articles. This work establishes a promising pathway for stabilizing high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics through supramolecular engineering, marking a significant advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Masaud Almalki
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Future Energy Technology Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiashang Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Gallet
- Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anurag Krishna
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alex Redinger
- Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tom J Savenije
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jianxi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Soto-Montero T, Kralj S, Gómez JS, Wolffs JW, Rodkey N, Kentgens APM, Morales-Masis M. Quantifying Organic Cation Ratios in Metal Halide Perovskites: Insights from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6912-6924. [PMID: 39070671 PMCID: PMC11270747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The employment of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in various optoelectronic applications requires the preparation of thin films whose composition plays a crucial role. Yet, the composition of the MHP films is rarely reported in the literature, partly because quantifying the actual organic cation composition cannot be done with conventional characterization methods. For MHPs, NMR has gained popularity, but for films, tedious processes like scratching several films are needed. Here, we use mechanochemical synthesis of MA1-x FA x PbI3 powders with various MA+: FA+ ratios and combine solid-state NMR spectroscopy (ssNMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to provide a reference characterization protocol for the organic cations' quantification in either powder form or films. Following this, we demonstrate that organic cation ratio quantification on thin films with ssNMR can be done without scraping the film and using significantly less mass than typically needed, that is, employing a single ∼800 nm-thick MA1-x FA x PbI3 film deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto a 1 × 1 in.2, 0.2 mm-thick quartz substrate. While background signals from the quartz substrate appear in the 1H ssNMR spectra, the MA+ and FA+ signals are easily distinguishable and can be quantified. This study highlights the importance of calibrating and quantifying the source and the thin film organic cation ratio, as key for future optimization and scalability of physical vapor deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soto-Montero
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Suzana Kralj
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Gómez
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jop W. Wolffs
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Rodkey
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Morales-Masis
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Badoni S, Berruyer P, Emsley L. Optimal sensitivity for 1H detected relayed DNP of organic solids at fast MAS. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107645. [PMID: 38401477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) combined with high magnetic fields and fast magic angle spinning (MAS) has opened up a new avenue for the application of exceptionally sensitive 1H NMR detection schemes to study protonated solids. Recently, it has been shown that DNP experiments at fast MAS rates lead to slower spin diffusion and hence reduced DNP enhancements for impregnated materials. However, DNP enhancements alone do not determine the overall sensitivity of a NMR experiment. Here we measure the overall sensitivity of one-dimensional 1H detected relayed DNP experiments as a function of the MAS rate in the 20-60 kHz regime using 0.7 mm diameter rotors at 21.2 T. Although faster MAS rates are detrimental for the DNP enhancement on the target material, due to slower spin diffusion, we find that with increasing spinning rates the gain in sensitivity due to 1H line-narrowing and the folding-in of sideband intensity compensates a large part of the loss of overall hyperpolarization. We find that sensitivity depends on the atomic site in the molecule, and is maximised at between 40 and 50 kHz MAS for the sample of L-histidine.HCl·H2O studied here. There is a 10-20 % difference in sensitivity between the optimum MAS rate and the fastest rate currently accessible (60 kHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Badoni
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Venkatesh A, Casano G, Wei R, Rao Y, Lingua H, Karoui H, Yulikov M, Ouari O, Emsley L. Rational Design of Dinitroxide Polarizing Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization to Enhance Overall NMR Sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317337. [PMID: 38193258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We evaluate the overall sensitivity gains provided by a series of eighteen nitroxide biradicals for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR at 9.4 T and 100 K, including eight new biradicals. We find that in the best performing group the factors contributing to the overall sensitivity gains, namely the DNP enhancement, the build-up time, and the contribution factor, often compete with each other leading to very similar overall sensitivity across a range of biradicals. NaphPol and HydroPol are found to provide the best overall sensitivity factors, in organic and aqueous solvents respectively. One of the new biradicals, AMUPolCbm, provides high sensitivity for all three solvent formulations measured here, and can be considered to be a "universal" polarizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current address: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Gilles Casano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Ran Wei
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Rao
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Lingua
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Stevanato G, Kubicki DJ, Emsley L. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Inorganic Halide Perovskites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11094-11102. [PMID: 37342202 PMCID: PMC10278140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments limits their utility for structure determination of materials. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) under magic angle spinning (MAS) has shown tremendous potential to overcome this key limitation, enabling the acquisition of highly selective and sensitive NMR spectra. However, so far, DNP methods have not been explored in the context of inorganic lead halide perovskites, which are a leading class of semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. In this work, we study cesium lead chloride and quantitatively compare DNP methods based on impregnation with a solution of organic biradicals with doping of high-spin metal ions (Mn2+) into the perovskite structure. We find that metal-ion DNP provides the highest bulk sensitivity in this case, while highly surface-selective NMR spectra can be acquired using impregnation DNP. The performance of both methods is explained in terms of the relaxation times, particle size, dopant concentration, and surface wettability. We envisage the future use of DNP NMR approaches in establishing structure-activity relationships in inorganic perovskites, especially for mass-limited samples such as thin films.
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Grätzel M, Emsley L. A Complete Picture of Cation Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskite Materials from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:978-990. [PMID: 36580303 PMCID: PMC9853870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The organic cations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites rotate rapidly inside the cuboctahedral cavities formed by the inorganic lattice, influencing optoelectronic properties. Here, we provide a complete quantitative picture of cation dynamics for formamidinium-based perovskites and mixed-cation compositions, which are the most widely used and promising absorber layers for perovskite solar cells today. We use 2H and 14N quadrupolar solid-state NMR relaxometry under magic-angle spinning to determine the activation energy (Ea) and correlation time (τc) at room temperature for rotation about each principal axis of a series of organic cations. Specifically, we investigate methylammonium (MA+), formamidinium (FA+), and guanidinium (GUA+) cations in current state-of-the-art single- and multi-cation perovskite compositions. We find that MA+, FA+, and GUA+ all have at least one component of rotation that occurs on the picosecond timescale at room temperature, with MA+ and GUA+ also exhibiting faster and slower components, respectively. The cation dynamics depend on the symmetry of the inorganic lattice but are found to be insensitive to the degree of cation substitution. In particular, the FA+ rotation is invariant across all compositions studied here, when sufficiently above the phase transition temperature. We further identify an unusual relaxation mechanism for the 2H of MA+ in mechanosynthesized FAxMA1-xPbI3, which was found to result from physical diffusion to paramagnetic defects. This precise picture of cation dynamics will enable better understanding of the relationship between the organic cations and the optoelectronic properties of perovskites, guiding the design principles for more efficient perovskite solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mishra
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
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