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Feng XN, Liu XY, Cao DX, Zhou YJ, Cui YX, Kong DM. "Turn-on" mode fluorescence detection of amines based on a cationic covalent organic framework linked with C-C single bond. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 489:137617. [PMID: 39970639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Developing methods to detect amine pollutants at trace levels is urgently needed due to their high toxicity to both human health and environment. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising candidates for amine sensing due to their exceptional stability when exposed to corrosive amines. While several COF-based sensors have recently been developed for amine detection, to the best of our knowledge, fluorescent "turn-on" sensors have been limited to imine-linked COFs. However, the relatively low stability of imine linkages may compromise structural integrity in the presence of corrosive amines. Here, for the first time, we constructed a cationic C-C single bond linked COF (CSBL-COF-4) through the reaction between cationic porphyrin TMPyP and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde. The abundant cationic sites distributing throughout the networks not only improved the dispersity of CSBL-COF-4 in aqueous solution but also provided numerous acidic sites to enhance the affinity with alkaline amines via Lewis acid-base interaction. CSBL-COF-4 exhibited an efficient response to amine solutions or vapors and was further utilized to evaluate the freshness of meat samples, highlighting its potential for practical applications. Our result would thus open up a new avenue towards constructing a broader class of COF-based sensors for the fluorescence "turn-on" detection of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Feng
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yang Liu
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Cao
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yun-Jie Zhou
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yun-Xi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - De-Ming Kong
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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2
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Yang X, Xu Q, Wei W, Zeng G. Linkages Chemistry of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202504355. [PMID: 40192554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202504355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2025] [Revised: 03/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalysis and photocatalysis applications due to their structurally ordered architectures and tunable physicochemical properties. In COFs, organic building blocks are linked via covalent bonds, and the structural and electronic characteristics of COFs are critically governed by their linkage chemistry. These linkages influence essential material attributes including surface area, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, chemical stability, and the optoelectronic behavior (e.g., photoelectron separation efficiency, electron conductivity, and reductive activity), which collectively determine catalytic performance in energy conversion systems. A systematic understanding of linkage engineering in COFs not only advances synthetic methodologies but also provides innovative solutions to global energy and environmental challenges, thereby accelerating the development of sustainable technologies for clean energy production and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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3
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Shi K, Peng H, Lu C. Facile post-synthesis of isomeric covalent organic frameworks via precise pore surface engineering. Chem Sci 2025; 16:9020-9028. [PMID: 40276636 PMCID: PMC12015629 DOI: 10.1039/d5sc00121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Isomeric covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have developed dramatically due to having the same chemical composition but distinct physicochemical characteristics. However, exploring novel synthetic strategies for the precise construction of COFs with isomeric pore microenvironments remains challenging and in its infancy. In this contribution, we have developed a controllable, simple, and efficient post-synthesis modification strategy to design isomeric COFs via precise pore surface engineering. The as-prepared isomeric COFs showed comparable crystallinity and porosity but significantly different pore microenvironments. Interestingly, the isomeric moieties endow the isomeric COFs with specific capture performances and excellent recycling ability. The specific interactions between these isomeric COFs and guests are verified by fluorescence spectra and theoretical calculation. This study will open a novel avenue for the construction of isomeric COFs and facilitate the development of isomeric COFs with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University No. 100 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou China
| | - Yaze Chen
- Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University No. 100 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou China
| | - Ke Shi
- Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University No. 100 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou China
| | - Haijiao Peng
- Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University No. 100 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou China
| | - Chao Lu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University No. 100 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road 100029 Beijing China
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4
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Zhu Z, Ma H, Kong X, Liu J, Qiao H, Wang Y, Zhai L. Neighboring Effect of Adjacent Nitrogen Sites on Vinylene Linkage in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Regulating Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:29740-29748. [PMID: 40354461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c04436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive electrocatalysts owing to their corresponding high chemical stability and excellent conjugated frameworks. In this study, for the first time, the methyl group of the pyrimidine ring was used to synthesize conjugated COFs (TB-TFT-COF and TB-TFC-COF) with vinylene linkages, which were employed as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, local electronic structures of the vinylene linkages could be regulated by the adjacent nitrogen atomic sites of various functional moieties (triazine, pyridine, and pyrimidine), resulting in tunable electrocatalytic activity and selectivity of the COFs. Notably, the TB-TFT-COF attained a half-wave potential of 0.74 V relative to RHE alongside superior electrochemical stability, matching the performance of metal-free COF-based catalysts for ORR. Furthermore, as evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the adjacent nitrogen sites of the pyrimidine unit around the vinylene linkage are crucial for enhancing the utilization of electrocatalytic active sites. This work establishes that the precise modulation of electronic coupling between neighboring active sites enables the development of efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Huayun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
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Ma S, Li Z, Hou Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Deng T, Wu G, Wang R, Yang SW, Liu X. Fully Conjugated Benzobisoxazole-Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202501869. [PMID: 39998309 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202501869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) have attracted extensive interest in solar energy to hydrogen conversion. However, insufficient light harvesting and difficult exciton dissociation severely limit the improvement of photocatalytic activity for COFs, thereby impeding the progression of this advanced field. In this work, two benzobisoxazole-bridged and fully conjugated 2D-COFs with triazine (COF-JLU44) and pyrene (COF-JLU45) units were constructed for the first time via Knoevenagel polycondensation, and they hold long-range ordered structures, largely acceptable surface area, and fascinating photoelectric properties. Significantly, COF-JLU45 exhibits an impressive hydrogen evolution rate of 272.5 mmol g-1 h-1 and superior reusability in the presence of 1.0 wt% Pt under light irradiation, coupled with a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 12.9% at a long wavelength of 600 nm. Multiple spectroscopy and theoretical simulation demonstrate the ingenious design of COF-JLU45 widen its light absorption and effectively promote the exciton dissociation. This finding contributes valuable insights for constructing metal-free photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Hou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, P.R. China
| | - Shuo-Wang Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Sun M, Cheng J, Wu X, Xu H. Regulating Electron Distribution in Regioisomeric Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Solar-Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2500913. [PMID: 40109163 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202500913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a transformative platform for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production due to their highly ordered structures, intrinsic porosity, and molecular tunability. Despite their potential, the inefficient utilization of photogenerated charge carriers in COFs significantly restrains their photocatalytic efficiency. This study presents two regioisomeric COFs, α-TT-TDAN COF and β-TT-TDAN COF, both incorporating thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moieties, to investigate the influence of regioisomerism on the excited electron distribution and its impact on photocatalytic performance. The β-TT-TDAN COF demonstrates a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 1.35%, outperforming its α-isomeric counterpart, which is merely 0.44%. Comprehensive spectroscopic and computational investigations reveal the critical role of subtle substitution change in COFs on their electronic properties. This structural adjustment intricately connects molecular structure to charge dynamics, enabling precise regulation of electron distribution, efficient charge separation and transport, and localization of excited electrons at active sites. Moreover, this finely tuned interplay significantly enhances the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction. These findings establish a new paradigm in COF design, offering a molecular-level strategy to advance COFs and reticular materials toward highly efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Miao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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7
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Zhang J, Xue F, Wang Z. Terpyridine- and Quarterpyridine-Based Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Visible-Light-Catalytic H 2O 2 Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202425617. [PMID: 39963951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202425617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
This paper presents multipyridine-containing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with precisely defined position and number of pyridinium cationic groups. Specifically, three terpyridine- and quarterpyridine-based trialdehydes were synthesized, and utilized as the starting monomers to polymerize with trimethylpyridinium bromide to yield vinylene-linked iTPy-COF, iTPPy-COF and iQPPy-COF, respectively. Thus constructed donor-acceptor cationic COFs exhibit considerably high visible-light catalytic efficiency for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis by the dual-channel mechanisms of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR). In pure water and O2 atmosphere, the H2O2 production rate (HPR) of iTPPy-COF after 1 h reaction is as high as 7955 μmol g-1 h-1. Even though in air, its HPR value still reaches 6249 μmol g-1 h-1. Moreover, it is found that changing the arm lengths and ratios of pyridine to benzene ring in the frameworks significantly affects the photocatalytic capability. The structure-property relationship is investigated in terms of the variations of electronic structures through the theoretical simulations and measurements of photophysical parameters such as fluorescence lifetimes, photocurrent intensities, and impedances of charge transfer, which offers new insights into the engineering of multipyridine-based cationic COFs for highly efficient H2O2 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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8
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Dong W, He T, Li L. Programming Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis: Investigation of Synthesis Methods. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500318. [PMID: 40047212 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/21/2025]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous materials with exceptional potential as high-performance photocatalysts for applications such as hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production. In this study, we systematically evaluates various synthesis methods to optimize the preparation of COFs, specifically targeting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Four different synthetic strategies including solvothermal synthesis, microwave synthesis, ultrasonic synthesis, and mechanochemical synthesis were explored to prepare TAPT-COF with identical molecular structures. Although all methods produced COFs with comparable crystallinity, porosity, and light absorption capacity, their photocatalytic efficiencies in hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production varied significantly. Notably, the mechanochemical method, which involves ball milling to disrupt interlayer interactions and produce COF nanosheets, exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance, particularly in the COF-BM-30 min sample. This difference highlights the importance of morphology in photocatalytic activity. Our findings shed light on the impact of synthesis methods on COF properties and provide valuable guidance for molecular strategy development and industrial applications in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tianji He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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9
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Chen M, Fu GE, Zhao W, Zhang T. Effective Strategies in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500100. [PMID: 40041928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Hydrogen as a significant green energy source, has emerged as one of the most promising candidates to solve serious environmental and energy problems. Photocatalytic water splitting is a prospective route to sustainable hydrogen production. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered as efficient photocatalysts due to their substantial specific surface areas, extended π-conjugated backbones, and robust chemical stability. This review summarizes the recent advances of COF-based materials in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, including the construction of donor-acceptor (D-A) structure, protonation of the N site, synthesis of zwitterionic COFs, introduction of co-catalysts, use of metal-containing monomers, and compositing COFs with other catalysts. The properties of the catalysts are meticulously adjusted through those structural and system design strategies, thereby significantly enhancing the hydrogen production performance of the COFs. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for future developments are discussed in terms of the current research status and practical applications of photocatalytic hydrogen production from COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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10
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Peng S, Wang R, Yang Y, Wang S, Liang E, Han B, Li J, Yu X, Zhang Q. sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks (sp 2c-COFs): Synthesis and Application in Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2400967. [PMID: 39923235 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Preparation of irreversible sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) with specific porosity, easy structural functionalization, high chemical stability, and unique π-electron conjugation structure (especially the combination of π-π stacking interactions and conjugation system), can remove the barrier of electron transfer and provide a unique advantage for photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, based on three kinds of reactions (Aldol condensation reaction, Knoevenagel condensation reaction, and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction) and guided by the precise modulation of ligand structure and topology, this review summarizes the synthesis of sp2c-COFs and their applications in photoelectrocatalytic water splitting (hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions). Furthermore, challenges and possible research directions for sp2c-COFs in photocatalytic water splitting are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiong Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - En Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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11
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Zhao R, Liu G, Koko PL, Wang M, Feng X. Advances in synthetic strategies for two-dimensional conjugated polymers. Org Chem Front 2025; 12:2457-2480. [PMID: 39911838 PMCID: PMC11789000 DOI: 10.1039/d4qo02211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2D CPs) are typically represented by 2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that consist of covalently cross-linked linear conjugated polymers, which possess extended in-plane π-conjugation and out-of-plane electronic couplings. The precise incorporation of molecular building blocks into ordered polymer frameworks through (semi)reversible 2D polycondensation methodologies enables the synthesis of novel polymer semiconductors with designable and predictable properties for various (opto)electronic, spintronic, photocatalytic, and electrochemical applications. Linkage chemistry lays the foundation for this class of synthetic materials and provides a library for subsequent investigations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in synthetic strategies for 2D CPs. By exploring synthetic approaches and the intricate interplay between chemical structure, the efficiency of 2D conjugation, and related physicochemical properties, we are expected to guide readers with a general background in synthetic chemistry and those actively involved in electronic device research. Furthermore, the discussion will appeal to researchers intrigued by the prospect of uncovering novel physical phenomena or mechanisms inherent in these emerging polymer semiconductors. Finally, future research directions and perspectives of highly crystalline and processable 2D CPs for electronics and other cutting-edge fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Zhao
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Guoqin Liu
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Philomène Leonore Koko
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Germany
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Germany
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12
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Cognigni L, Gobbato T, Benazzi E, Paoloni L, Vizio BD, Bonetto R, Rigodanza F, Bonetto A, Agnoli S, Bonchio M, Costa P. ON-OFF Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Built-in Pt-Nitrogen-Carbon Reticular Heterojunctions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2025; 18:e202401977. [PMID: 39422457 PMCID: PMC11874682 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
COF engineering with a built-in, high concentration of defined N-doped sites overcomes the "black-box" drawback of conventional trial-and-error N-doping methods (used in polymeric carbon nitride and graphene), that hamper a directed evolution of functional carbon interfaces based on structure-reactivity guidelines. The cutting-edge challenge is to dissect the many complex and interdependent functions that originate from reticular N-doping, including modification of the material optoelectronics, band alignments, interfacial contacts and co-localization of active-sites, producing a multiple-set of effectors that can all play a role to regulate photocatalysis. Herein, an ON-OFF gated photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) is dictated by the Pt-NPyridine-carbon active sites and probed with a dual COF platform, based on stable β-ketoenamine connectivities made of triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) as the acceptor knots and 1,4-diaminonaphtalene (Naph) or 5,8-diaminoisoquinoline (IsoQ) as donors. Our results showcase two novel COF-Naph-Tp and COF-IsoQ-Tp frameworks featuring quasi-identical slip-stacked microporous structure, and similar surface area, band gap, light harvesting envelope up to 700 nm, fluorescence emission profile/lifetime, and PEIS response at the surface/water interface (Rct=16-10±4 KΩ). A divergent behaviour is indeed observed for COF-IsoQ-Tp with record photoelectrochemical outputs (J=-16 μA cm-2, Rt=3 KΩ at 0.40 V vs RHE) and two orders of magnitude higher rate of PHE (11.3 mmol g-1 h-1, λ>400 nm, pH 5) compared to the inactive COF-Naph-Tp analogue. It turns out that PHE is regulated by the isoquinoline residues at the COF pores where emergent Pt-NPyridine-carbon functional heterojunctions are formed upon photo-deposition of Pt nanoparticles as co-catalysts, as probed by combined XPS and DFT calculations evidence. This work sets a key guideline to direct the design of carbon-based materials encoding the installation of metal-nitrogen-carbon active sites within tailored coordination environments enabling the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cognigni
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Paoloni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Padova, PadovaVia Marzolo 835131PadovaItaly
| | - Biagio Di Vizio
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Ruggero Bonetto
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and StatisticsUniversity Ca' Foscari VeniceVia Torino 155, MestreVeniceItaly
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
- Interuniversity Consortium on Materials Science and TechnologyINSTM UdR Padova and Institute of Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR UoS PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 1PadovaItaly
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13
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Chi X, Zhang Z, Li M, Jiao Y, Li X, Meng F, Xue B, Wu D, Zhang F. Vinylene-Linking of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to π-Extended Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalyst for H 2O 2 Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202418895. [PMID: 39406685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202418895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) hold the predominant role either as individual molecules or building blocks in the field of organic semiconductors or nanocarbons. Connecting PAHs via sp2-carbon bridges to form high-crystalline π-extended structures is highly desired not only for enlarging the regimes of two-dimensional materials but also for achieving exceptional properties/functions. In this work, we developed 5,10-dimethyl-4,9-diazapyrene as a key monomer, whose two methyl groups at the positions adjacent to nitrogen atoms, can helpfully increase the solubility, and serve as the active connection sites. In the presence of organic acids, this monomer enables smoothly conducting Knoevenagel condensation to form two vinylene-linked PAH-cored COFs, which show high-crystalline honeycomb structures with large surface areas up to 1238 m2 g-1. Owing to the direct connection mode of PAH building blocks with vinylene, the as-prepared COFs possess spatially extended π-conjugation and substantial semiconducting properties. Consequently, their visible-light photocatalysis with exceptional activity and durability was manifested to generate H2O2 up to 3820 μmol g-1 h-1 in pure water, and even 17080 μmol g-1 h-1 using benzyl alcohol as a hole sacrificial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bai Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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14
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Li S, Xu S, Lin E, Wang T, Yang H, Han J, Zhao Y, Xue Q, Samorì P, Zhang Z, Zhang T. Synthesis of single-crystalline sp 2-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks through imine-to-olefin transformation. Nat Chem 2025; 17:226-232. [PMID: 39762624 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
sp2-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with repeat organic units linked by sp2 carbons, and have attracted increasing interest due to their robust skeleton and tunable semiconducting properties. Single-crystalline sp2c-COFs with well-defined structures can represent an ideal platform for investigating fundamental physics properties and device performance. However, the robust olefin bonds inhibit the reversible-reaction-based crystal self-correction, thus yielding polycrystalline or amorphous polymers. Here we report an imine-to-olefin transformation strategy to form single-crystal sp2c-COFs. The isolated single crystals display rectangular nanotube-like domains with sizes up to approximately 24 μm × 0.8 μm × 0.8 μm, and permanent pore distribution around 1.1 nm. The highly conjugated olefin linkage endows the crystals with enhanced electronic connectivity which determines a remarkable room-temperature metal-free ferromagnetism (8.6 × 10-3 emu g-1). Our protocol is robust and generally applicable for the synthesis of single-crystalline sp2c-COFs for future spin-electron devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France
| | - En Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tonghai Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
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15
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Gu X, Niu H, Sun Q, Jiang S, Shi Y, Cai Y. Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry: A General Strategy for Tuning the Properties of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:3818-3828. [PMID: 39752273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (V-2D-COFs) are a class of promising porous organic materials that feature fully π-conjugated structures, high crystallinity, ultrahigh chemical stability, and extraordinary optoelectronic properties. However, the types of reactions and the availability of monomers for synthesizing sp2-c linked COFs are considerably limited by the irreversibility of the C═C bond, and the complete π-conjugated structure restricts their in-depth research in hydrophilicity, membrane materials, and proton conductivity. Postsynthetic modification (PSM), which can avoid these problems by incorporating functional moieties into the predetermined framework, provides an alternative way to construct diverse V-2D-COFs. Herein, we report a general strategy to introduce C-C, C-S-C, and functional groups into sp2-c-COFs via the thiol-ene click reaction. To demonstrate the universality of this approach, we synthesized two sp2-c COFs (COF-CN and COF-1), and subsequently introduced six different types of thiol compounds at their skeletal C═C sites. The quantitative yield was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy. This thiol-ene click modification of vinylene-linked COFs at skeletal C═C sites allows for flexible structural design, providing these COFs with new linkages (C-C and C-S-C) that are otherwise difficult to produce directly. Thus, it facilitates precise modulation of their properties, such as photophysical properties, hydrophilicity, and proton conductivity, promising a diverse range of compelling applications for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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16
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Wang J, Zhu Q, Wang J, Wang T, Xia W, Lin E, Wang K, Hu H, Wang T, Wang Z, Hao L, Liu Y, Jiao L, Cheng P, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Self-Polycondensation Flux Synthesis of Ultrastable Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202415208. [PMID: 39363672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202415208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Creating new functional materials that efficiently support noble metal catalysts is important and in high demand. Herein, we develop a self-polycondensation flux synthesis strategy that can produce olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF) platforms with high crystallinity and porosity as the supports of Pd nanoparticles for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). A series of "two in one" monomers integrating aldehyde and methyl reactive groups are rationally designed to afford COFs with square-shaped pores and ultrahigh chemical stability (e.g., strong acid or alkali environments for >1 month). Functionalizing Fluorine significantly boosts the hydrophobicity of fluoro-functionalized COFs, which can inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enhance ENRR performances. The COFs loading Pd nanoparticles show high NH3 production yields up to 90.0±2.6 μg ⋅ h-1 ⋅ mgcat. -1 and the faradaic efficiency of 44 % at -0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, the best comprehensive performance among all reported COFs. Meanwhile, the catalysts are easy to recover and recycle, as demonstrated by their use for 15 cycles and 17 hours, with good performance retention. This work not only provides a new synthesis strategy for olefin-linked COFs, but also paves a new avenue for the design of highly efficient ENRR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - En Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Hu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tonghai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifang Jiao
- Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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17
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Chen Y, Fu GE, Zhao YX, Wang K, Chen MW, Ma Q, Li S, Han JY, Liang LS, Zhao WK, Xiao P, Wang S, Chen T, Zhang T. Engineering of robust conjugated polymer-based aerogels via surface-initiated polycondensation towards sunlight-driven seawater desalination and uranium extraction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:159-166. [PMID: 39445468 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
The aerogels with low thermal conductivity and cross-linked 3D networks can be easily integrated with functional materials to maximize their functionalities, realizing diverse applications such as photothermal seawater desalination and photocatalytic uranium extraction. Sp2C-conjugated porous polymers (sp2C-CPPs) with robust and conjugated CC linkages are ideal photosensitizers for these applications, owing to their exceptional semiconducting properties as well as chemical stability. However, the limited processability and collectability of as-synthesized sp2C-CPP powders impede their extended applications. Herein, we report the preparation of robust sp2C-CPP (DHA-TMT and DBD-TMT) based aerogels via surface-initiated aldol polycondensation (SI-AP). The fully conjugated CC skeletons and electron-donating groups (-OH) endow the sp2C-CPP aerogels with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (95.6%) and strong affinity for uranium adsorption. In particular, the DHA-TMT aerogel with hydrophilic porous channel exhibits a superb evaporation performance achieving ∼1.55 kg m-2 h-1 under AM 1.5 G while the fast mass transfer caused by photothermal conversion increases the uranium extraction capacity up to 1200 mg m-2 in simulated seawater. Moreover, the sp2C-CPP aerogels demonstrate high stability under strong acid, base and brine solutions. This work shows a strategy for the preparation of uniform and high stability sp2C-CPP-based aerogels to simultaneously enhance their photothermal and photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Meng-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Jun-Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Li-Sha Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Wen-Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
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18
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Zhang J, Zhou W, Zhao J, Xu L, Jiang X, Li Z, Peng Y, Li G. Intrareticular Exciton Effects Regulate Photocatalytic Activity in Donor-Acceptor Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2408324. [PMID: 39491491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (OL-COFs) show great promise for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Manipulating atomic-level donor-acceptor interactions in OL-COFs is key to understanding their exciton effects in this system. Here, three OL-COFs are presented with orthorhombic lattice structures, synthesized via Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction of terephthalaldehyde and tetratopic monomers featuring phenyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole, and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole moieties. These OL-COFs feature tunable donor-acceptor interactions, making them ideal for studying exciton effects in olefin-linked systems. Comprehensive analyses, including temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra, ultrafast spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations, reveal that stronger donor-acceptor interactions lead to reduced exciton binding energy (Eb), accelerated exciton dissociation, and longer-lived photogenerated charges, thereby enhancing photocatalytic performance. Notably, The TMO-BDA COF, with the lowest Eb, demonstrates superior photocatalytic activity in one-pot sequential organic transformation and excellent catalytic performance in gram-scale reactions, highlighting its potential for practical applications. This work provides valuable insights into regulating the exciton effect at the molecular level in OL-COFs, offering pathways to enhance photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuekai Jiang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
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19
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Guntermann R, Helminger D, Frey L, Zehetmaier PM, Wangnick C, Singh A, Xue T, Medina DD, Bein T. Tunable Isometric Donor-Acceptor Wurster-Type Covalent Organic Framework Photocathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407166. [PMID: 39138128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer remarkable versatility, combining ordered structures, high porosity, and tailorable functionalities in nanoscale reaction spaces. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of isostructural, photoactive Wurster-type COFs achieved by manipulating the chemical and electronic nature of the Wurster aromatic amine building blocks. A series of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) Wurster building block molecules was synthesized by incorporating heteroaromatic acceptors with varying strengths between triphenylamine donor groups. These tailored building blocks were integrated into a 2D COF scaffold, resulting in highly crystalline structures and similar morphologies across all COFs. Remarkably, this structural uniformity was also achieved in the synthesis of homogeneous and oriented thin films. Steady-state photoluminescence revealed a tunable red-shift in film emission exceeding 100 nm, demonstrating effective manipulation of their optical properties. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting studies exhibited a doubled current density (8.1 μA cm-2 at 0.2 VRHE) for the COF with the strongest acceptor unit. These findings highlight the potential of Wurster D-A-D COFs in photoelectrochemical water splitting devices and pave the way for further exploration of chemical functionality-reactivity-property relationships in this promising class of photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - David Helminger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter M Zehetmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wangnick
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Apeksha Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tianhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
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20
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Lu Y, Li W, Sun C, Tang Y, Cheng L, Sun H. Copper-Surface-Mediated Synthesis of sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402930. [PMID: 39269730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon (sp2-c) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring distinctive π-conjugated network structures, facilitate the migration of photo-generated carriers, rendering them exceptionally appealing for applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, owing to the powdery nature of COFs, leaving anchor the sp2-c COFs powder tightly onto a conductive substrate challenging. Here, we propose a method for preparing photoactive substance-conductive substrate integrated photocathodes through copper surface-mediated knoevenagel polycondensation (Cu-SMKP), this approach results in a uniform and stable sp2-c COF film, directly grown on commercial copper foam (COFTh-Cu). The COFTh-Cu demonstrates a high H2-evolution photocurrent density of 56 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE, sustaining stability for 12 h. The as-prepared COFTh-Cu represents a 4.5-fold increase in current density compared to traditional spin-coating methods and outperforms most COF photocathodes without cocatalysts. This innovative copper surface-mediated approach for preparing photocathodes opens up a crucial pathway towards the realization of highly active COF photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hanjun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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21
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Doremus JG, Lotsi B, Sharma A, McGrier PL. Photocatalytic applications of covalent organic frameworks: synthesis, characterization, and utility. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:21619-21672. [PMID: 39495099 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as an energy efficient and safe method to perform organic transformations, and many semiconductors have been studied for use as photocatalysts. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an established class of crystalline, porous materials constructed from organic units that are easily tunable. COFs importantly display semiconductor properties and respectable photoelectric behaviour, making them a strong prospect as photocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the design, synthetic methods, and characterization techniques for COFs. Strategies to boost photocatalytic performance are also discussed. Then the applications of COFs as photocatalysts in a variety of reactions are detailed. Finally, a summary, challenges, and future opportunities for the development of COFs as efficient photocatalysts are entailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared G Doremus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Bertha Lotsi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Aadarsh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Psaras L McGrier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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22
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Flux synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:3489-3519. [PMID: 39112651 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers constructed from organic building blocks into ordered two- or three-dimensional networks through dynamic covalent bonds. Attributed to their high porosity, well-defined structure, tailored functionality and excellent chemical stability, COFs have been considered ideal sorbents for various separation applications. The synthesis of COFs mainly employs the solvothermal method, which usually requires organic solvents in sealed Pyrex tubes, resulting in unscalable powdery products and environmental pollution that seriously limits their practical applications. Herein, our protocol focuses on an emerging synthesis method for COFs based on organic flux synthesis without adding solvents. The generality of this synthesis protocol has been applied in preparing various types of COFs, including olefin-linked, imide-linked, Schiff-based COFs on both gram and kilogram scales. Furthermore, organic flux synthesis avoids the disadvantages of solvothermal synthesis and enhances the crystallization and porosity of COFs. Typically, COF synthesis takes 3-5 d to complete, and subsequent washing procedures leading to pure COFs need 1 d. The procedure for kilogram-scale production of COFs with commercially available monomers is also provided. The resulting COFs are suitable for separation applications, particularly as adsorbent materials for industrial gas separation and water treatment applications. The protocol is suited for users with prior expertise in the synthesis of inorganic materials and porous organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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23
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Blätte D, Ortmann F, Bein T. Photons, Excitons, and Electrons in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32161-32205. [PMID: 39556616 PMCID: PMC11613328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are created by the condensation of molecular building blocks and nodes to form two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) crystalline frameworks. The diversity of molecular building blocks with different properties and functionalities and the large number of possible framework topologies open a vast space of possible well-defined porous architectures. Besides more classical applications of porous materials such as molecular absorption, separation, and catalytic conversions, interest in the optoelectronic properties of COFs has recently increased considerably. The electronic properties of both the molecular building blocks and their linkage chemistry can be controlled to tune photon absorption and emission, to create excitons and charge carriers, and to use these charge carriers in different applications such as photocatalysis, luminescence, chemical sensing, and photovoltaics. In this Perspective, we will discuss the relationship between the structural features of COFs and their optoelectronic properties, starting with the building blocks and their chemical connectivity, layer stacking in 2D COFs, control over defects and morphology including thin film synthesis, exploring the theoretical modeling of structural, electronic, and dynamic features of COFs, and discussing recent intriguing applications with a focus on photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry. We conclude with some remarks about present challenges and future prospects of this powerful architectural paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Blätte
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Department
of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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24
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Sun HH, Zhou ZB, Fu Y, Qi QY, Wang ZX, Xu S, Zhao X. Azobenzene-Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Alkaline Water: One Atom Makes a Significant Improvement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409250. [PMID: 39136238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been demonstrated as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, the construction of COFs with new active sites, high photoactivity, and wide-range light absorption for efficient H2O2 production remains challenging. Herein, we present the synthesis of a novel azobenzene-bridged 2D COF (COF-TPT-Azo) with excellent performance on photocatalytic H2O2 production under alkaline conditions. Notably, although COF-TPT-Azo differs by only one atom (-N=N- vs. -C=N-) from its corresponding imine-linked counterpart (COF-TPT-TPA), COF-TPT-Azo exhibits a significantly narrower band gap, enhanced charge transport, and prompted photoactivity. Remarkably, when employed as a metal-free photocatalyst, COF-TPT-Azo achieves a high photocatalytic H2O2 production rate up to 1498 μmol g-1 h-1 at pH = 11, which is 7.9 times higher than that of COF-TPT-TPA. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the -N=N- linkages are the active sites for photocatalysis. This work provides new prospects for developing high-performance COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Bei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
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25
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Yin C, Ye X, Tao S, Zhao D, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Helicene Covalent Organic Frameworks for Robust Light Harvesting and Efficient Energy Transfers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411558. [PMID: 39024117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Helicenes represent a class of fascinating π compounds with fused yet folded backbones. Despite their broad structural diversity, harnessing helicenes to develop well-defined materials is still a formidable challenge. Here we report the synthesis of crystalline porous helicene materials by exploring helicenes to synthesize covalent 2D lattices and layered π frameworks. Topology-directed polymerization of [6]helicenes and porphyrin creates 2D covalent networks with alternate helicene-porphyrin alignment along the x and y directions at a 1.5-nm interval and develops [6]helicene frameworks through reversed anti-AA stack along the z direction to form segregated [6]helicene and porphyrin columnar π arrays. Notably, this π configuration enables the frameworks to be highly red luminescent with benchmark quantum yields. The [6]helicene frameworks trigger effieicnt intra-framework singlet-to-singlet state energy transfer from [6]helicene to porphyrin and facilitate intermolecular triplet-to-triplet state energy transfer from frameworks to molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species, harvesting a wide range of photons from ultraviolet to near-infrared regions for light emitting and photo-to-chemical conversion. This study introduces a new family of extended frameworks, laying the groundwork for exploring well-defined helicene materials with unprecedented structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Chinaa
| | - Xingyao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Chinaa
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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26
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Liu P, Dai W, Shen X, Shen X, Zhao Y, Liu JJ. Recent Advances in the Utilization of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Photocatalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:5006. [PMID: 39519648 PMCID: PMC11547512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of light energy to drive asymmetric organic transformations to produce high-value-added organic compounds is attracting increasing interest as a sustainable strategy for solving environmental problems and addressing the energy crisis. Chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as porous crystalline chiral materials, have become an important platform on which to explore new chiral photocatalytic materials due to their precise tunability, chiral structure, and function. This review highlights recent research progress on chiral COFs and their crystalline composites, evaluating their application as catalysts in asymmetric photocatalytic organic transformations in terms of their structure. Finally, the limitations and challenges of chiral COFs in asymmetric photocatalysis are discussed, with future opportunities for research being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (P.L.); (X.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Weijun Dai
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China;
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (P.L.); (X.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (P.L.); (X.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (P.L.); (X.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (P.L.); (X.S.); (X.S.)
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27
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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28
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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Lu Z, Peng Y, Chen Z, Xu Q. Linkage-Mediated Electronic Structure Modulation in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401122. [PMID: 38749913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Linkage chemistry is an essential aspect to covalent organic framework (COF) applications; it is highly desirable to precisely modulate electronic structure mediated directly by linkage for efficient COF-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which however, remains substantially challenging. Herein, as a proof of concept, a collection of robust multicomponent pyrene-based COFs with abundant donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions has been judiciously designed and synthesized through molecularly engineering linkage for photogeneration of hydrogen. Controlled locking and conversion of linkage critically contribute to continuously regulating COFs' electronic structures further to optimize photocatalytic activities. Remarkably, the well-modulated optoelectronic properties turn on the average hydrogen evolution rate from zero to 15.67 mmol g-1 h-1 by the protonated quinoline-linked COF decorated with the trifluoromethyl group (TT-PQCOF-CF3). Using diversified spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we show that multiple modifications toward linkage synergistically lead to the redistribution of charge on COFs with extended π-conjugation and reinforced D-A effect, making TT-PQCOF-CF3 a promising material with significantly boosted carrier separation and migration. This study provides important guidance for the design of high-performance COF photocatalysts based on the strategy of linkage-mediated electronic structure modulation in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xikai Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14621, United States
| | - Yunlei Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China, University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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29
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Jia H, Yao N, Jin Y, Wu L, Zhu J, Luo W. Stabilizing atomic Ru species in conjugated sp 2 carbon-linked covalent organic framework for acidic water oxidation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5419. [PMID: 38926414 PMCID: PMC11208516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Suppressing the kinetically favorable lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism pathway and triggering the adsorbate evolution mechanism pathway at the expense of activity are the state-of-the-art strategies for Ru-based electrocatalysts toward acidic water oxidation. Herein, atomically dispersed Ru species are anchored into an acidic stable vinyl-linked 2D covalent organic framework with unique crossed π-conjugation, termed as COF-205-Ru. The crossed π-conjugated structure of COF-205-Ru not only suppresses the dissolution of Ru through strong Ru-N motifs, but also reduces the oxidation state of Ru by multiple π-conjugations, thereby activating the oxygen coordinated to Ru and stabilizing the oxygen vacancies during oxygen evolution process. Experimental results including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and theoretical calculations unveil the activated oxygen with elevated energy level of O 2p band, decreased oxygen vacancy formation energy, promoted electrochemical stability, and significantly reduced energy barrier of potential determining step for acidic water oxidation. Consequently, the obtained COF-205-Ru displays a high mass activity with 2659.3 A g-1, which is 32-fold higher than the commercial RuO2, and retains long-term durability of over 280 h. This work provides a strategy to simultaneously promote the stability and activity of Ru-based catalysts for acidic water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Na Yao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, PR China
| | - Yiming Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Liqing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Juan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
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30
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Wang Y, Qiao Z, Li H, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Cao D, Wang S. Molecular Engineering for Modulating Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404726. [PMID: 38622997 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Currently almost all reports are focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, while the 3D counterparts are rarely explored due to their non-conjugated frameworks derived from the sp3 carbon based tetrahedral building blocks. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of fully conjugated 3D COFs by using the saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene derivative as the building block. Through molecular engineering strategies, we thoroughly discussed the influences of key factors including the donor-acceptor structure, hydrophilicity, specific surface areas, as well as the conjugated/non-conjugated structures on their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties. The as-synthesized fully conjugated 3D COFs could generate the hydrogen up to 40.36 mmol h-1 g-1. This is the first report on intrinsic metal-free 3D COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application. Our work provides insight on the structure design of 3D COFs for highly-efficient photocatalysis, and also reveals that the semiconducting fully conjugated 3D COFs could be a useful platform in clear energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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31
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Guntermann R, Frey L, Biewald A, Hartschuh A, Clark T, Bein T, Medina DD. Regioisomerism in Thienothiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks─A Tool for Band-Gap Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15869-15878. [PMID: 38830115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The craft of tuning optical properties is well-established for crystalline inorganic and hybrid solids. However, a far greater challenge is to tune the optical properties of organic materials systematically by design. We now introduce a synthesis concept that enables us to alter the optical properties of crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) systematically using isomeric structures of thienothiophene-based building blocks (T23/32T) combined with a variety of tetratopic aromatic amines, e.g., the Wurster moiety (W-NH2). This concept is demonstrated for the synthesis of COFs in bulk and film forms and provides highly crystalline and porous isomeric COFs featuring predesigned photophysical properties. The band gap of the framework can be tuned continuously and precisely by chemically doping the pristine W23TT COF with its related constitutional isomer building block. Density-functional theory investigations of COF model compounds indicate that the extent of π-conjugation is among the key characteristics enabling the band-gap engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Alexander Biewald
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Naegelsbachstraße 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
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32
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Prieto T, Ponte C, Guntermann R, Medina DD, Salonen LM. Synthetic Strategies to Extended Aromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024:e202401344. [PMID: 38771916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated materials are highly attractive owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a great opportunity for precise arrangement of building units in a π-conjugated crystalline matrix and tuning of the properties through choice of functionalities or post-synthetic modification. With this review, we aim at summarizing both the most representative as well as emerging strategies for the synthesis of π-conjugated COFs. We give examples of direct synthesis using large, π-extended building blocks. COFs featuring fully conjugated linkages such as vinylene, pyrazine, and azole are discussed. Then, post-synthetic modification methods that result in the extension of the COF π-system are reviewed. Throughout, mechanistic insights are presented when available. In the context of their utilization as film devices, we conduct a concise survey of the prominent COF layer deposition techniques reported and their aptness for the deposition of fused aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Prieto
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Clara Ponte
- Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M Salonen
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
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33
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Yang N, Yan W, Zhou ZJ, Tian C, Zhang P, Liu H, Wu XP, Xia C, Dai S, Zhu X. Synthetic Leaves Based on Crystalline Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction with Water. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5444-5452. [PMID: 38639448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of crystalline two-dimensional olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on aldol condensation between benzodifurandione and aromatic aldehydes. Olefin-linked COFs can be facilely crystallized through either a pyridine-promoted solvothermal process or a benzoic anhydride-mediated organic flux synthesis. The resultant COF leaf with high in-plane π-conjugation exhibits efficient visible-light-driven photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) in the absence of any photosensitizer, sacrificial agents, or cocatalysts. The production rate of carbon monoxide (CO) reaches as high as 158.1 μmol g-1 h-1 with near 100% CO selectivity, which is accompanied by the oxidation of H2O to oxygen. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm that the key lies in achieving exceptional photoinduced charge separation and low exciton binding. We anticipate that our findings will facilitate new possibilities for the development of semiconducting COFs with structural diversity and functional variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengcheng Tian
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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34
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Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Liu L, Huang H, Chen X, Bian Y, Shao M, Wei X, Wang C, Wang D, Dong J, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Liu Y. The Transfer Dehydrogenation Method Enables a Family of High Crystalline Benzimidazole-linked Cu (II)-phthalocyanine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319027. [PMID: 38488819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Heterocycle-linked phthalocyanine-based COFs with close-packed π-π conjugated structures are a kind of material with intrinsic electrical conductivity, and they are considered to be candidates for photoelectrical devices. Previous studies have revealed their applications for energy storage, gas sensors, and field-effect transistors. However, their potential application in photodetector is still not fully studied. The main difficulty is preparing high-quality films. In our study, we found that our newly designed benzimidazole-linked Cu (II)-phthalocyanine-based COFs (BICuPc-COFs) film can hardly formed with a regular aerobic oxidation method. Therefore, we developed a transfer dehydrogenation method with N-benzylideneaniline (BA) as a mild reagent. With this in hand, we successfully prepared a family of high crystalline BICuPc-COFs powders and films. Furthermore, both of these new BICuPc-COFs films showed high electrical conductivity (0.022-0.218 S/m), higher than most of the reported COFs materials. Due to the broad absorption and high conductivity of BICuPc-COFs, synaptic devices with small source-drain voltage (VDS=1 V) were fabricated with response light from visible to near-infrared. Based on these findings, we expect this study will provide a new perspective for the application of conducting heterocycle-linked COFs in synaptic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yangshuang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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35
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Zhao Y, Li S, Fu G, Yang H, Li S, Wu D, Zhang T. Construction of Layer-Blocked Covalent Organic Framework Heterogenous Films via Surface-Initiated Polycondensations with Strongly Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:775-781. [PMID: 38680569 PMCID: PMC11046463 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) usually show high crystallinity and porosity, while vinyl-linked COFs have excellent semiconducting properties and stability. Therefore, achieving the advantages of imine- and vinyl-linkages in a single COF material is highly interesting but remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a layer-blocked COF (LB-COF) heterogeneous film that is composed of imine- and vinyl-linkages through two successive surface-initiated polycondensations. In brief, the bottom layer of imine-linked COF film was constructed on an amino-functionalized substrate via Schiff-base polycondensation, in which the unreacted aldehyde edges could be utilized for initiating aldol polycondensation to prepare the second layer of vinyl-linked COF film. The resultant LB-COF film displays excellent ordering due to the crystalline templating effect from the bottom imine-linked COF layer; meanwhile, the upper vinyl-linked COF layer could strongly enhance its stability and photocatalytic properties. The LB COF also presents superior performance in photocatalytic uranium extraction (320 mg g-1), which is higher than the imine-linked (35 mg g-1) and the vinyl-linked (295 mg g-1) counterpart. This study provides a novel surface-initiated strategy to synthesize layer-blocked COF heterogeneous films that combine the advantages of each building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengfei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guangen Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Ren X, Wen M, Hou X, Sun J, Bai F, Li Y. Covalent organic framework isomers with divergent photocatalytic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4423-4426. [PMID: 38523593 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A pair of isomeric Py-BT-COFs with the same composition, but slightly different atomic arrangements, were designed and synthesized. The minute structural variations of the Py-BT-COF isomers generated significantly different redox and photophysical properties and correspondingly led to different photocatalytic manifestations in H2 evolution and rhodamine B degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mengyao Wen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaobin Hou
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jiajie Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yusen Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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37
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Wang Q, Wang C, Zheng K, Wang B, Wang Z, Zhang C, Long X. Positional Thiophene Isomerization: A Geometric Strategy for Precisely Regulating the Electronic State of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320037. [PMID: 38348605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With the oxygen conversion efficiency of metal-free carbon-based fuel cells dramatically improved, the building blocks of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) raised principal concerns on the catalytic active sites with indistinct electronic states. Herein, to address this issue, we demonstrate COFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by regulating the edge-hanging thiophene units, and the molecular geometries are further modulated via positional thiophene isomerization strategy, affording isomeric COF-α with 2-substitution and COF-β with 3-substitution on the frameworks. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption ability are well-regulated through geometric modification, resulting in controllable chemical activity and local density of π-electrons. Notably, the introduction of thiophene units with different substitution positions into a pristine pure carbon-based COF model COF-Ph achieves excellent activity with a half-wave potential of 0.76 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, which is higher than most of those metal-free or metal-based electrocatalysts. Utilizing the combination of theoretical prediction and in situ Raman spectra, we show that the isomeric thiophene skeleton (COF-α and COF-β) can induce the dangling unit activation, accurately identifying the pentacyclic-carbon (thiophene α-position) adjacent to sulfur atom as active sites. The results suggest that the isomeric dangling groups in COFs are suitable for the ORR with promising geometry construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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38
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Zhu Y, Huang D, Wang W, Liu G, Ding C, Xiang Y. Sequential Oxidation/Cyclization of Readily Available Imine Linkages to Access Benzoxazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319909. [PMID: 38243685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzoxazole-linked covalent organic frameworks (BO-COFs), despite their exceptional chemical stability, are still in their infancy. This is primarily because the current prevalent methods require the use of special ortho-hydroxyl-substituted aromatic amines as monomers. Herein, we report an innovative strategy to access BO-COFs directly from imine-linked COFs (Im-COFs) without pre-embedded OH groups, using a two-step sequential oxidation/cyclization process. The two-step process included the oxidation of Im-COFs into amide-linked COFs, followed by a copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. Five representative BO-COFs were synthesized with retained crystallinity and high oxidization efficiency, offering the potential to convert a significant portion of Im-COFs into BO-COFs. The structural advantages of the newly designed BO-COFs were demonstrated through their application to photocatalytic organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dekang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wanqin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Chizhu Ding
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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39
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Zhao H, Dong X, Gu XK, Lang X. Expanding Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Sulfides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8772-8782. [PMID: 38324765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have exhibited great potential in visible-light photocatalysis. In principle, expanding fully conjugated COFs can facilitate light absorption and charge transfer, leading to improved photocatalysis. Herein, three olefin-linked COFs with the same topology are synthesized by combining 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine (TMT) with 1,3,5-triformylbenzene (TFB), 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB), and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenylethynyl)benzene (TFPEB), namely, TMT-TFB-COF, TMT-TFPB-COF, and TMT-TFPEB-COF, respectively. From TMT-TFB-COF to TMT-TFPB-COF, expanding phenyl rings provides only limited expansion for π-conjugation due to the steric effect of structural twisting. However, from TMT-TFPB-COF to TMT-TFPEB-COF, the insertion of acetylenes eliminates the steric effect and provides more delocalized π-electrons. As such, TMT-TFPEB-COF exhibits the best optoelectronic properties among these three olefin-linked COFs. Consequently, the photocatalytic performance of TMT-TFPEB-COF is much better than those of TMT-TFB-COF and TMT-TFPB-COF on the oxidation of organic sulfides into sulfoxides with oxygen. The desirable reusability and substrate compatibility of the TMT-TFPEB-COF photocatalyst are further confirmed. The selective formation of organic sulfoxides over TMT-TFPEB-COF under blue light irradiation proceeds via both electron- and energy-transfer pathways. This work highlights a rational design of expanding the π-conjugation of fully conjugated COFs toward selective visible-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Gu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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40
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Fu G, Yang D, Xu S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Petkov PS, Lan ZA, Wang X, Zhang T. Construction of Thiadiazole-Bridged sp 2-Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diminished Excitation Binding Energy Toward Superior Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1318-1325. [PMID: 38181378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for phototo-chemical energy conversion due to their tailorable optoelectronic properties, in-plane π-conjugations, and robust structures. However, the development of sp2c-COFs in photocatalysis is still highly hindered by their limited linkage chemistry. Herein, we report a novel thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COF (sp2c-COF-ST) synthesized by thiadiazole-mediated aldol-type polycondensation. The resultant sp2c-COF-ST demonstrates high chemical stability under strong acids and bases (12 M HCl or 12 M NaOH). The electro-deficient thiadiazole together with fully conjugated and planar skeleton endows sp2c-COF-ST with superior photoelectrochemical performance and charge-carrier separation and migration ability. As a result, when employed as a photocathode, sp2c-COF-ST exhibits a significant photocurrent up to ∼14.5 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm), which is much higher than those analogous COFs with partial imine linkages (mix-COF-SNT ∼ 9.5 μA cm-2) and full imine linkages (imi-COF-SNNT ∼ 4.9 μA cm-2), emphasizing the importance of the structure-property relationships. Further temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the sp2c-COF-ST has smaller exciton binding energy as well as effective mass in comparison to mix-COF-SNT and imi-COF-SNNT, which suggests that the sp2c-conjugated skeleton enhances the exciton dissociation and carrier migration under light irradiation. This work highlights the design and preparation of thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COFs with promising photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Denghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Petko Stoev Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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41
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Wamsley M, Zou S, Zhang D. Advancing Evidence-Based Data Interpretation in UV-Vis and Fluorescence Analysis for Nanomaterials: An Analytical Chemistry Perspective. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17426-17437. [PMID: 37972233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
UV-vis spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry are indispensable tools in education, research, and industrial process controls with widespread applications in nanoscience encompassing diverse nanomaterials and fields. Nevertheless, the prevailing spectroscopic interpretations and analyses often exhibit ambiguity and errors, particularly evident in the nanoscience literature. This analytical chemistry Perspective focuses on fostering evidence-based data interpretation in experimental studies of materials' UV-vis absorption, scattering, and fluorescence properties. We begin by outlining common issues observed in UV-vis and fluorescence analysis. Subsequently, we provide a summary of recent advances in commercial UV-vis spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric instruments, emphasizing their potential to enhance scientific rigor in UV-vis and fluorescence analysis. Furthermore, we propose potential avenues for future developments in spectroscopic instrumentation and measurement strategies, aiming to further augment the utility of optical spectroscopy in nano research for samples where optical complexity surpasses existing tools. Through a targeted focus on the critical issues related to UV-vis and fluorescence properties of nanomaterials, this Perspective can serve as a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wamsley
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
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42
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Dong JP, Xu Y, Zhang XG, Zhang H, Yao L, Wang R, Zang SQ. Copper-Sulfur-Nitrogen Cluster Providing a Local Proton for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313648. [PMID: 37801352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise Cu clusters are highly desirable as catalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR), and they provide an appropriate model platform for elaborating their structure-activity relationship. However, an efficient overall photocatalytic CO2 RR with H2 O using assembled Cu-cluster aggregates as single component photocatalyst has not been reported. Herein, we report a stable crystalline Cu-S-N cluster photocatalyst with local protonated N-H groups (denoted as Cu6 -NH). The catalyst exhibits suitable photocatalytic redox potentials, high structural stability, active catalytic species, and a narrow band gap, which account for its outstanding photocatalytic CO2 RR performance under visible light, with ≈100 % selectivity for CO evolution. Remarkably, systematic isostructural Cu-cluster control experiments, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations revealed that the protonated pyrimidine N atoms in the Cu6 -NH cluster act as a proton relay station, providing a local proton during the photocatalytic CO2 RR. This efficiently lowers the energy barrier for the formation of the *COOH intermediate, which is the rate-limiting step, efficiently enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This work lays the foundation for the development of atomically precise metal-cluster-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xun-Guang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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43
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Yu B, Li W, Wang X, Li JH, Lin RB, Wang H, Ding X, Jin Y, Yang X, Wu H, Zhou W, Zhang J, Jiang J. Observation of Interpenetrated Topology Isomerism for Covalent Organic Frameworks with Atom-Resolution Single Crystal Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25332-25340. [PMID: 37944150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Rational control and understanding of isomerism are of significance but still remain a great challenge in reticular frameworks, in particular, for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to the complicated synthesis and energy factors. Herein, reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetra(4-formylphenyl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl (TFTB) with 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)bimesityl (TAPB) under different reaction conditions affords single crystals of two 3D COF isomers, namely, USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz. Their structures with resolutions up to 0.9-1.1 Å have been directly solved by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) and synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz show rare 2 × 2-fold interpenetrated dia-b nets and 3-fold interpenetrated qtz-b frameworks. Comparative studies of the crystal structures of these COFs and theoretical simulation results indicate the crucial role of the flexible molecular configurations of building blocks in the present interpenetrated topology isomerism. This work not only presents the rare COF isomers but also gains an understanding of the formation of framework isomerism from both single crystal structures and theoretical simulation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiu Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Biao Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiya Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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44
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks: synthesis and applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15178-15192. [PMID: 37461388 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high specific porosity, easy functionalization, and tailored structure are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers that have been extensively exploited as ideal materials in various fields. Among them, sp2-carbon linked COFs with high chemical stability, porous backbone, and unique π-electron conjugated architectures structure have raised widespread attention. Specifically, the porous channels of olefin-linked COFs could be packed with active sites for catalysis and guest molecules, while π-π stacking interactions and conjugation systems pave the way for electron transfer. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to the development of sp2-carbon linked COFs for applications in catalysis, energy storage, gas adsorption, and separation. In this review, we highlight the design principles, synthesis strategies, and impactful applications of olefin-linked COFs. We are looking forward to this review to deepen the understanding of the synthesis of olefin-linked COFs and motivate the further development of these novel conjugated organic materials with distinctive physicochemical properties, as well as their applications in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yushu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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45
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Feng XN, Yang Y, Cao X, Wang T, Kong DM, Yin XB, Li B, Bu XH. General Approach to Construct C-C Single Bond-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21284-21292. [PMID: 37703101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C single bond-linked covalent organic frameworks (CSBL-COFs) are extremely needed because of their excellent stabilities and potential applications in harsh conditions. However, strategies to generate CSBL-COFs are limited to the acetylenic self-homocoupling Glaser-Hay reaction or post-synthetic reduction of vinylene-based COFs. Exploring new strategies to expand the realm of CSBL-COFs is urgently needed but extremely challenging. To address the synthetic challenges, we for the first time developed a general approach via the reaction between aromatic aldehydes and active methyl group-involving monomers with enhanced acidity, which realized the successful construction of a series of CSBL-COFs. As expected, the obtained CSBL-COFs exhibited outstanding chemical stability, which can stabilize in 6 M NaOH, 3 M HCl, boiling water, and 100 mg/mL NaBH4 for at least 3 days. It is important to mention that CSBL-COFs possess a large amount of ionic sites distributed throughout the networks; gentle shaking allowed our COFs to easily self-disperse as nanoparticles and suspend in water for at least 12 h without reprecipitating. As far as we know, such self-dispersed COFs with high water dispersity are rare to date, and few examples are mainly limited to the guanidinium- and pseudorotaxane-based COFs. Our work thus developed a family of self-dispersed COFs for potential applications in different sorts of fields. Our contribution would thus pave a new avenue for constructing a broader class of CSBL-COFs for their wide applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Feng
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Cao
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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46
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Li Z, Wang W, Tao F, Zhou W, Wang L, Yu Z, Wang K, Zhang J, Zhou H. Fabricating s-collidine-derived vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks for photocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11728-11731. [PMID: 37702593 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Research into vinyl-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has grown significantly in recent years due to various attractive properties. Herein, we design and synthesize two highly crystalline and stable 2,4,6-collidine-derived vinylene-linked 2D COFs. Both COFs can act as efficient photocatalysts to facilitate visible-light-driven aerobic oxidation. The TM-TBT-COF was observed to exhibit superior activity and recyclability owing to its excellent semiconducting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Li
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Wengjing Wang
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Tao
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Lianke Wang
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
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47
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Zhang L, Sun C, Xiao SJ, Tan QG, Yang GP, Fan JQ, Luo YT, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Deposition of Silver Nanostructures on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfur Mustard Simulants. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:17083-17091. [DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sai-Jin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology (ECUT), Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Quan-Gen Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gui-Ping Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jia-Qi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu-Ting Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology (ECUT), Nanchang 330013, China
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48
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Li H, Dilipkumar A, Abubakar S, Zhao D. Covalent organic frameworks for CO 2 capture: from laboratory curiosity to industry implementation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6294-6329. [PMID: 37591809 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by about 40% since the 1960s. Among various technologies available for carbon capture, adsorption and membrane processes have been receiving tremendous attention due to their potential to capture CO2 at low costs. The kernel for such processes is the sorbent and membrane materials, and tremendous progress has been made in designing and fabricating novel porous materials for carbon capture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of porous crystalline materials, are promising sorbents for CO2 capture due to their high surface area, low density, controllable pore size and structure, and preferable stabilities. However, the absence of synergistic developments between materials and engineering processes hinders achieving the qualitative leap for net-zero emissions. Considering the lack of a timely review on the combination of state-of-the-art COFs and engineering processes, in this Tutorial Review, we emphasize the developments of COFs for meeting the challenges of carbon capture and disclose the strategies of fabricating COFs for realizing industrial implementation. Moreover, this review presents a detailed and basic description of the engineering processes and industrial status of carbon capture. It highlights the importance of machine learning in integrating simulations of molecular and engineering levels. We aim to stimulate both academia and industry communities for joined efforts in bringing COFs to practical carbon capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Akhil Dilipkumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Saifudin Abubakar
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 1 HarbourFront Place, #06-00 HarbourFront Tower 1, 098633, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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49
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Li Z, Sun L, Zhai L, Oh KS, Seo JM, Li C, Han D, Baek JB, Lee SY. Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electronegative Channels as Cationic Highways for Sustainable Lithium Metal Battery Anodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307459. [PMID: 37488979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous interest in Li metal as an ideal anode material, the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase have plagued its practical application. These limitations can be attributed to the sluggish and uneven Li+ migration towards Li metal surface. Here, we report olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with electronegative channels for facilitating selective Li+ transport. The triazine rings and fluorinated groups of the COFs are introduced as electron-rich sites capable of enhancing salt dissociation and guiding uniform Li+ flux within the channels, resulting in a high Li+ transference number (0.85) and high ionic conductivity (1.78 mS cm-1 ). The COFs are mixed with a polymeric binder to form mixed matrix membranes. These membranes enable reliable Li plating/stripping cyclability over 700 h in Li/Li symmetric cells and stable capacity retention in Li/LiFePO4 cells, demonstrating its potential as a viable cationic highway for accelerating Li+ conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Linhai Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Kyeong-Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changqing Li
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Diandian Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Ji H, Qiao D, Yan G, Dong B, Feng Y, Qu X, Jiang Y, Zhang X. Zwitterionic and Hydrophilic Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37845-37854. [PMID: 37489898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective synthetic strategies as well as broadening functionalities for zwitterionic materials that comprise moieties with equimolar cationic and anionic groups still remains a huge challenge. Herein, we develop two zwitterionic vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (Zi-VCOF-1 and Zi-VCOF-2) that are a type of novel hydrophilic material. Zi-VCOF-1 and Zi-VCOF-2 are obtained directly through the convenient Knoevenagel condensation of new sulfonic-pyridinium zwitterionic monomers with aromatic aldehyde derivatives. This is the first report on zwitterionic COFs being constructed by the bottom-up functionalization approach from predesigned zwitterionic monomers. Both Zi-VCOFs exhibit a high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) because of their appropriate optical property and outstanding hydrophilicity. Specifically, Zi-VCOF-1 and Zi-VCOF-2 show photocatalytic HER of 13,547 and 5057 μmol h-1 g-1, respectively. Interestingly, the photocatalytic HER of Zi-VCOF-1 is about 2.68 times of that of Zi-VCOF-2, although they differ by only one methyl group in sulfonic-pyridinium zwitterionic pairs. The photocatalytic HER of Zi-VCOF-1 is not only the highest in the vinylene-linked COFs but also outstanding among the most reported COFs. This is the first application of zwitterionic COFs for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which would open a new frontier in zwitterionic COFs and be helpful for the design of other photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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