1
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Yuan Y, Mou T, Hwang S, Porter WN, Liu P, Chen JG. Controlling Reaction Pathways of Ethylene Hydroformylation Using Isolated Bimetallic Rhodium-Cobalt Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:12185-12196. [PMID: 40156538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Designing efficient ligand-free heterogeneous catalysts for ethylene hydroformylation to produce C3 oxygenates is of importance for both fundamental research and practical applications, but it is often hindered by insufficient catalytic activity and selectivity. This work designs isolated rhodium-cobalt (Rh-Co) sites confined within a ZSM-5 zeolite to enhance ethylene hydroformylation rates and selectivity while maintaining catalyst stability. By adjusting the Co/Al ratio in Co-ZSM-5, different sizes of Co are formed; subsequent Rh introduction produces isolated Rh1Cox clusters with different Rh-Co coordination numbers (CNs). In-situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that a Rh-Co CN of 3, corresponding to an isolated Rh1Co3 site, provides optimal bindings to reaction intermediates and thus achieves the highest hydroformylation rates among supported Rh-based catalysts. This study demonstrates the role of coordination-tuning via a secondary metal in effectively controlling the reaction pathway over single Rh atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Tianyou Mou
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - William N Porter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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2
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Dou X, Yan T, Li W, Zhu C, Chen T, Lo BTW, Marini C, Xiao H, Liu L. Structure-Reactivity Relationship of Zeolite-Confined Rh Catalysts for Hydroformylation of Linear α-Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:2726-2736. [PMID: 39788888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Substituting the molecular metal complexes used in the industrial olefin hydroformylation process is of great significance in fundamental research and practical application. One of the major difficulties in replacing the classic molecular metal catalysts with supported metal catalysts is the low chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the supported metal catalysts because of the lack of a well-defined coordination environment of the metal active sites. In this work, we have systematically studied the influences of key factors (crystallinity, alkali promoters, etc.) of the Rh-MFI zeolite catalysts on their performances for the hydroformylation of long-chain α-olefins (LAOs). With the help of comprehensive spectroscopy and electron microscopy characterization results, we can correlate the structural features of various Rh-MFI catalysts and their catalytic performances. The resultant structure-reactivity relationship guides us to prepare a nanosized Rh-MFI catalyst, which exhibits about a 3-fold improvement in specific activity compared to the Rh-MFI catalyst with conventional crystallite sizes and maintains very high regioselectivity for hydroformylation of LAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Dou
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong China
| | - Benedict Tsz Woon Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong China
| | - Carlo Marini
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Hai Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lichen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Alghannam A, Bell AT. Effects of Cofeeding Hydrogen on Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Isolated Iron Sites Incorporated into Dealuminated BEA. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:1677-1693. [PMID: 39746209 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Iron sites dispersed on nonacidic siliceous supports have been reported to be catalytically active for propane dehydrogenation (PDH), yet the precise relationship between site structure and catalytic activity remains elusive. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic performance of iron supported on dealuminated BEA (DeAlBEA) zeolites for PDH. Using XAS, UV-vis, and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine and deuterated acetonitrile, it was found that, at an Fe/Al0 of 0.04, isolated Fe sites form. These isolated sites exhibit a forward rate of PDH of 213 mol propene/mol Fe·h at 823 K and a feed containing 15 kPa propane. When 15 kPa of H2 is added to the feed, the forward rate of PDH rises to 391 mol of propene/mol of Fe·h. In both cases, the propene selectivity is over 99%. IR spectroscopy of d3-acetonitrile suggests that the open Lewis acid site ((-Si-O-)2Fe3+-OH) serves as the active site responsible for PDH, while Brønsted acid sites (≡Fe3+-O(H)-Si≡) contribute to propane cracking with increasing Fe/Al0 ratios. Kinetic analysis of the effects of H2 addition to the propane feed on PDH kinetics shows that H2 enhances the activity of 0.04FeDeAlBEA primarily by enhancing the strength of the propane adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Alghannam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Liu Y, Bhowmick A, Liu D, Caratzoulas S, Vlachos DG. Propane Dehydrogenation on Pt xZn y Active Sites in Silicalite-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202414578. [PMID: 39283725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202414578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of Pt-based catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) has progressed by recent investigations that have identified Zn as a promising promoter for Pt subnanometer catalysts. It is desirable to gain insights into the structure, stability, and activity of such active sites and the factors that influence them, such as Zn : Pt ratio, Pt coordination and nuclearity. Here, we employ density functional theory and microkinetic simulations to investigate the stability of PtxZny (x=1-3, y=0-3) active sites grafted on silanols of Silicalite-1 and the PDH activity of Pt. We find that the coordination of a Pt atom to a nest of grafted Zn(II) atoms increases the stability of the Pt1Zny sites, whose activity is similar for y=0-2 and drops dramatically for y>2. We further demonstrate, via linear scaling relations and microkinetic simulations, that the turnover frequency obeys a volcano law as a function of propylene binding strength. The Pt2Zn1 and Pt3Zn1 sites are stable and exhibit activity similar to Pt1Zn2, but only Pt1Zn2 manifests reaction kinetics consistent with experimental data, strongly suggesting the active site composition in the synthesized catalyst samples. The methodology presented here suggests a general strategy for deducing active site information such as composition through simple kinetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Liu
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Antara Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Dongxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Stavros Caratzoulas
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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5
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Fan B, Jiang M, Wang G, Zhao Y, Mei B, Han J, Ma L, Li C, Hou G, Wu T, Yan L, Ding Y. Elucidation of hemilabile-coordination-induced tunable regioselectivity in single-site Rh-catalyzed heterogeneous hydroformylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6967. [PMID: 39138177 PMCID: PMC11322285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Revealing key factors that modulate the regioselectivity in heterogeneous hydroformylation requires identifying and monitoring the dynamic evolution of the truly active center under real reaction conditions. However, unambiguous in situ characterizations are still lacking. Herein, we elaborately construct a series of Rh-POPs catalysts for propylene hydroformylation which exhibited tunable regioselectivity. Multi-technique approaches reveal the unique microenvironment of the diverse HRh(CO)(PPh3-frame)2 sites with distinct P-Rh-P bite angles ranging from 90° to 120° and 158° to 168°, respectively. In situ time-resolved XAFS, FT-IR, and quasi-in situ Solid-state NMR experiments combined with DFT calculations explain the dynamic evolution of the electronic and coordinate state of the distinct active sites induced by hemilabile PPh3-frame ligands and further disclose the regulatory mechanism of regioselectivity. These state-of-the-art techniques and multiscale analysis advance the understanding of how hemilabile coordination influences regioselectivity and will provide a new thought to modulate the regioselectivity in future industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhan Fan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Cunyao Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China.
| | - Li Yan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China.
| | - Yunjie Ding
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China.
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6
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Sarma BB, Neukum D, Doronkin DE, Lakshmi Nilayam AR, Baumgarten L, Krause B, Grunwaldt JD. Understanding the role of supported Rh atoms and clusters during hydroformylation and CO hydrogenation reactions with in situ/ operando XAS and DRIFT spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12369-12379. [PMID: 39118611 PMCID: PMC11304778 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Supported Rh single-atoms and clusters on CeO2, MgO, and ZrO2 were investigated as catalysts for hydroformylation of ethylene to propionaldehyde and CO hydrogenation to methanol/ethanol with in situ/operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Under hydroformylation reaction conditions, operando spectroscopic investigations unravel the presence of both single atoms and clusters and detected at first propanal and then methanol. We find that the formation of methanol is associated with CO hydrogenation over Rh clusters which was further confirmed under CO hydrogenation conditions at elevated pressure. The activity of catalysts synthesized via a precipitation (PP) method over various supports towards the hydroformylation reaction follows the order: Rh/ZrO2 > Rh/CeO2 > Rh/MgO. Comparing Rh/CeO2 catalysts synthesized via different methods, catalysts prepared by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) showed catalytic activity for the hydroformylation reaction at lower temperatures (413 K), whereas catalysts prepared by wet impregnation (WI) showed the highest stability. These results not only provide fundamental insights into the atomistic level of industrially relevant reactions but also pave the way for a rational design of new catalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Bikash Sarma
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, KIT Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Dominik Neukum
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, KIT Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, KIT Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ajai Raj Lakshmi Nilayam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Lorena Baumgarten
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, KIT Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Bärbel Krause
- Institut für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, KIT Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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7
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Li H, Yu J, Du K, Li W, Ding L, Chen W, Xie S, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Synthesis of ZSM-5 Zeolite Nanosheets with Tunable Silanol Nest Contents across an Ultra-wide pH Range and Their Catalytic Validation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405092. [PMID: 38591230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Zeolite synthesis under acidic conditions has always presented a challenge. In this study, we successfully prepared series of ZSM-5 zeolite nanosheets (Z-5-SCA-X) over a broad pH range (4 to 13) without the need for additional supplements. This achievement was realized through aggregation crystallization of ZSM-5 zeolite subcrystal (Z-5-SC) with highly short-range ordering and ultrasmall size extracted from the synthetic system of ZSM-5 zeolite. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior of Z-5-SC was investigated, revealing its non-classical crystallization process under mildly alkaline and acidic conditions (pH<10), and the combination of classical and non-classical processes under strongly alkaline conditions (pH≥10). What's particularly intriguing is that, the silanol nest content in the resultant Z-5-SCA-X samples appears to be dependent on the pH values during the Z-5-SC crystallization process rather than its crystallinity. Finally, the results of the furfuryl alcohol etherification reaction demonstrate that reducing the concentration of silanol nests significantly enhances the catalytic performance of the Z-5-SCA-X zeolite. The ability to synthesize zeolite in neutral and acidic environments without the additional mineralizing agents not only broadens the current view of traditional zeolite synthesis but also provides a new approach to control the silanol nest content of zeolite catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Songhai Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang X, Yan T, Hou H, Yin J, Wan H, Sun X, Zhang Q, Sun F, Wei Y, Dong M, Fan W, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhou X, Wu K, Yang Y, Li Y, Cao Z. Regioselective hydroformylation of propene catalysed by rhodium-zeolite. Nature 2024; 629:597-602. [PMID: 38658762 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydroformylation is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes1,2. Regioselective hydroformylation of propene to high-value n-butanal is particularly important, owing to a wide range of bulk applications of n-butanal in the manufacture of various necessities in human daily life3. Supported rhodium (Rh) hydroformylation catalysts, which often excel in catalyst recyclability, ease of separation and adaptability for continuous-flow processes, have been greatly exploited4. Nonetheless, they usually consist of rotationally flexible and sterically unconstrained Rh hydride dicarbonyl centres, only affording limited regioselectivity to n-butanal5-8. Here we show that proper encapsulation of Rh species comprising Rh(I)-gem-dicarbonyl centres within a MEL zeolite framework allows the breaking of the above model. The optimized catalyst exhibits more than 99% regioselectivity to n-butanal and more than 99% selectivity to aldehydes at a product formation turnover frequency (TOF) of 6,500 h-1, surpassing the performance of all heterogeneous and most homogeneous catalysts developed so far. Our comprehensive studies show that the zeolite framework can act as a scaffold to steer the reaction pathway of the intermediates confined in the space between the zeolite framework and Rh centres towards the exclusive formation of n-butanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaming Hou
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Yin
- Institute of Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongliu Wan
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanfei Sun
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Yongwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Yu Z, Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu X, Jia Z, Li L, Ta N, Wang A, Liu W, Wang A, Zhang T. Suppressing Metal Leaching and Sintering in Hydroformylation Reaction by Modulating the Coordination of Rh Single Atoms with Reactants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11955-11967. [PMID: 38640231 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Hydroformylation reaction is one of the largest homogeneously catalyzed industrial processes yet suffers from difficulty and high cost in catalyst separation and recovery. Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs), on the other hand, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high initial activity and reasonable regioselectivity. Nevertheless, the stability of SACs against metal aggregation and leaching during the reaction has rarely been addressed. Herein, we elucidate the mechanism of Rh aggregation and leaching by investigating the structural evolution of Rh1@silicalite-1 SAC in response to different adsorbates (CO, H2, alkene, and aldehydes) by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray adsorption fine structure, and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques and kinetic studies. It is discovered that the aggregation and leaching of Rh are induced by the strong adsorption of CO and aldehydes on Rh, as well as the reduction of Rh3+ by CO/H2 which weakens the binding of Rh with support. In contrast, alkene effectively counteracts this effect by the competitive adsorption on Rh atoms with CO/aldehyde, and the disintegration of Rh clusters. Based on these results, we propose a strategy to conduct the reaction under conditions of high alkene concentration, which proves to be able to stabilize Rh single atom against aggregation and/or leaching for more than 100 h time-on-stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhounan Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenghao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Na Ta
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Zhao M, Li C, Gómez D, Gonell F, Diaconescu VM, Simonelli L, Haro ML, Calvino JJ, Meira DM, Concepción P, Corma A. Low-temperature hydroformylation of ethylene by phosphorous stabilized Rh sites in a one-pot synthesized Rh-(O)-P-MFI zeolite. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7174. [PMID: 37935688 PMCID: PMC10630368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolites containing Rh single sites stabilized by phosphorous were prepared through a one-pot synthesis method and are shown to have superior activity and selectivity for ethylene hydroformylation at low temperature (50 °C). Catalytic activity is ascribed to confined Rh2O3 clusters in the zeolite which evolve under reaction conditions into single Rh3+ sites. These Rh3+ sites are effectively stabilized in a Rh-(O)-P structure by using tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide as a template, which generates in situ phosphate species after H2 activation. In contrast to Rh2O3, confined Rh0 clusters appear less active in propanal production and ultimately transform into Rh(I)(CO)2 under similar reaction conditions. As a result, we show that it is possible to reduce the temperature of ethylene hydroformylation with a solid catalyst down to 50 °C, with good activity and high selectivity, by controlling the electronic and morphological properties of Rh species and the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhao
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chengeng Li
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Daviel Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gonell
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vlad Martin Diaconescu
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Simonelli
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez Haro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica. Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510-Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Calvino
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica. Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510-Cádiz, Spain
| | - Debora Motta Meira
- Debora CLS@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Patricia Concepción
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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